Presented by:

Group A

For an infection to develop, each link of the chain must be connected. Breaking any

link of the chain can stop the transmission of infection!

1-Infectious pathogens and diseases which may infect patient through dentistry.

2-Reservoir of these pathogens.3-portal of exit.4-mode of transmission.5-portal of entry.6-susceptible host.7- How can we break any link of the chain which will

prevent transmission of the infective pathogen?

Def:- Any microorganism that can cause a disease such as a

bacterium, virus, parasite, or fungus.

Reasons that the organism will cause an infection are: virulence (ability to multiply and grow(

invasiveness (ability to enter tissue(pathogenicity (ability to cause disease(.

Several bacteria can transmit from patient to dentist causing disease if it

have the three previous factors in addition to the inoculum dose

(infective dose) which means the minimal number of bacterial cells sufficient for disease production,

under normal host conditions.

1-Brucella SP.2- Bacillus cereus.3-VibriO SP.

4-Clostridium botulinum.5-Campylobacter sp.5-Yersinia enterocolitica.

Mycobacterium sp. 6-Streptococcus sp. 7-

8-Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

9-Legionella sp.10-s.aureus.

Mumps virus transmission y saliva

Virsuses like hepatitis B and C viruses can also transmitted through dental instrument contaminated

with blood whish is infected by these viruses.

Like candida and candida species.4 most common species of genus Candida that cause disease are:

C. albicans (in 90-100% of clinical specimens)

C. glabrata (in < 10%)C. parapsilosis (in < 10%)C. tropicalis (in < 10%)

The place where the microorganism resides, thrives,

and reproduces, i.e., food, water, toilet seat, elevator buttons,

human feces, respiratory secretions.

The place where the organism leaves the reservoir, such as the respiratory tract (nose, mouth), intestinal tract

(rectum), urinary tract, or blood and other body fluids.

The means by which an organism transfers from one carrier to another by either direct transmission

(direct contact between infectious host and susceptible host) or indirect transmission (which

involves an intermediate carrier like an environmental surface or piece of medical

equipment(.

The opening where an infectious disease enters the host’s body such as mucus membranes, open wound

The person who is at risk for developing an infection from the disease. Several factors make a person more

susceptible to disease including age (young people and elderly people generally are more at risk),

underlying chronic diseases such as diabetes or asthma, conditions that weaken the immune system

like HIV, certain types of medications, invasive devices like feeding tubes, and malnutrition.