The Chain of Infection

How diseases spread

The Chain of Infection

Source of InfectionThere needs to be someone or something carrying the bad microbes that cause the infection

There are many sources of infection, these can include

• People already infected• Pets• Unclean surfaces (door

handles, keyboards, toilets, etc)

The Chain of Infection

Way out for microbes

There needs to be a way for the microbes to get out of the infected person or source

Routes include

• Sneezing (aerosols)

• Transfer of bodily fluids

The chain of Infection

Spread of infectionBad microbes need a way to be passed from person to person

This can be through • touch

• sexual transmission

The chain of Infection

Way in for microbes• Bad microbe need a way to get

into someone else before they can cause an infection

• This can be through – the food we eat – inhalation of aerosols– open cuts or sores

– things we put in our mouths

The Chain of Infection

People at Risk from InfectionWe are all at risk from infection but especially the young, the elderly and those on medication

Breaking the Chain

How to prevent the spread of Infection

Breaking the Chain

Source of infection• Isolate infected people• Take care with raw food• Wash pets on a regular basis• Dispose of nappies and

soiled items appropriately

Breaking the Chain

Way out for microbes

Prevent any – faeces – vomit – bodily fluids – coughs and sneezes

getting onto surfaces or hands

Breaking the Chain

Spread of infection • Wash hands thoroughly AND

regularly • Cover cuts and open sores • Take appropriate precaution

during sexual activities

Breaking the Chain

Way out for microbesPrevent any

• faeces • vomit • bodily fluids • coughs and sneezes

getting onto surfaces or hands

Breaking the Chain

People at risk from infection

Everyone• Take appropriate vaccinations

High risk people• Keep away from people who are

infectious• Take extra care about

cleanliness• Take extra care when cook and

preparing food