application of poly lactic acid

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Application of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) in

Medical Textile

Submitted by:

Zakariya Zubair

13-NTU-6025

Submitted to:

Dr Tanveer Hussain

Department of Advance Material Engineering

National Textile University

Faisalabad


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Poly lactic acid applications

Global market

Global Poly Lactic Acid market is expected to reach US$2.6 billion by 2016 at a Compounded

Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 28%, globally. Region-wise analysis shows that Asia-Pacific isforecasted to record the highest growth rate of 29.3% during the analysis period 2011-2016.

Europe follows Asia-Pacific with a CAGR of 28.9%. The Americas forecasts to drive the global

market with a 27.3%. Volume based studies reveal that the maximum share of growth rate is

expected from Asia-Pacific region. Comparing the end-user industries, textiles and electronics

are going to be the major supporters of this market.


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Apllication of PLA in madiacal textile

Nerve regeneration

Conductive polymer materials for controlled release

Wet fibre spinning to produce micro-dimensional structure


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The bio-synthetic cell culture platform

Al igned platform

(2.18min) Scale bar = 500m


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Scale bar = 50m

Mul ti- functional conducting biocompatible wet-spun f ibres

Incorporation and controlled release of antibiotic from conducting fibre Novel conducting fibre materials for muscle regeneration

Mul ticomponent conducting fibres

SEM images of PEDOT:PSS/ Chitosan base wet-spun fibre coated with PPy doped withciprofloxacin

Antibacterial activity of fibres alone A and antibiotic released under stimulation B


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Mul ticomponent Conducting F ibres

Muscle regeneration

Muscle diseases Damage due to trauma Grow / replace muscle tissue


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Muscle Regeneration


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Muscle cell growth

3D Pri nting


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Osteochondral Fractures

3D scaffol d and Stem cell therapy for OC Repair

Small pellets of ASC have formed on the scaffold


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Epi lepsy Detection and Contr ol

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological illness after stroke. About 1% of the population affected by recurrent seizures. (30% untreatable) 5% will have seizures during their life.

Cur rent Treatments

Anti Convulsant Drugs Electrical Stimulation

Electrospinning Polymer Drug Delivery Structures


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Sur face Focus I ni tiated Epi lepsy

Detection electrodes continuously record brain activity over an identified epilepsy fociregion.

The CPU/power supply contains suitable battery and electronics that process the brainactivity.

When brain activity exceeds pre-set thresholds the electronics interpret this as an epilepsyevent and triggers the power source to supply an appropriate electrical stimulation to the

drug containing composite to initiate drug delivery.

When the brain activity returns within the threshold the electrical stimulation is removedand drug delivery stops.

Tissue engineer ingPolymers have great design flexibility because their composition and structure can be tailored to

meet specific needs. Degradable polymers frequently used for tissue engineering applications are

linear aliphatic polyesters such as PGA, PLA, and their copolymers (PLGA), which are

fabricated intoscaffolds. These polymers are among the few synthetic polymers approved by the

FDA for human clinical applications.

I n vitr o cell culture studies

Neonatal mouse cerebellum C17-2 stem cells were cultured over PLLA porous scaffold preparedfrom liquidliquid phase separation method. Before cell seeding, the scaffold samples were

treated as follows: The fabricated nano-fibrous scaffolds were stuck onto coverslips (diameter,

13 mm) by medical grade silicon adhesive in the curing condition for 12 h at room temperature.

The scaffolds were sterilized by autoclaving at 120C for 20 min and then transferred to 24-well

culture plates. The scaffold samples were pre-wetted with 70% ethanol for the minimum period

of 30 min in order to penetrate the PBS and cell culture medium into the pores. Then the samples

were rinsed three times with PBS solution and incubated in serum free culture medium


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DMEM/F- 12 1:1 mixture at 37C. C17-2 cells were maintained in DMEM culture medium

supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 5% horse serum and 1% penicillinstreptomycin as

well. The cells were split into 1:2 every 2 days. Before seeding C17-2 cells onto the nano-fibrous

PLLA scaffold, cells were detached from the cell culture flask and viable cells were counted by

trypan blue assay. Then the cells were seeded onto the nano-fibrous scaffolds inside a 24-well

plate with the density of 5104 per well in the culture medium of DMEM/F12 containing N-2supplement.

Schematic diagram of the nano-f ibrous scaffold fabri cation and in vi tro cell

culture

Del ivery systems

There has long been a desire to achieve the targeted delivery of bioactive compounds to areas in

the body to maximize therapeutic potential and minimize side-effects. Many types of particles


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have been tested as delivery tools for biomedical applications such as liposomes, solid lipid

nanoparticles, and biodegradable polyesters like PLA and PLGA. With its excellent

biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, heat processability, and solubility in

organic solvents, PLA can be used to produce dosage forms such as pellets, microcapsules,

microparticles (MP), nanoparticles (NP), etc. MP and NP of PLA, modified or unmodified, are

increasingly investigated for sustained release and targeted drug, peptide/protein, and RNA/DNAdelivery applications because of their small size enabling their permeation through biological

barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Although PLA-based materials such as PLGA have been

FDA-approved and are clinically available, they lack chemical functionalities to facilitate

specific cell interactions.

I nvestigations on PLA-based material as drug delivery systems

Material Application Results

PLA-PEGparticles

Carrier for tetanustoxoid

Enhanced transport acrossthe rat nasal mucosa

PEG-PLA NP Conjugated withlactoferrin (Lf)

Increased uptake of the Lf-NP by bEnd.3 cells

PLA-b-Pluronicb-PLA

Carrier for oralinsulin

Good control over bloodglucose concentration

PLA NP Carrier for HIVp24 proteins

Induced seric and mucosalantibody production

Surfactant-freePLA NP

Carrier for HIVp24 proteins

Elicited strong CTL responseand cytokine release

PLA

microspheres

Carrier for

paclitaxel

Reduced inflammation of

arthritis rabbit modelPEO-PLAcopolymers

Carrier for 5-FUand paclitaxel

Complete drug release

PLA-PEG-PLAcopolymer


Good control over the release

PLAmicrospheres

Carrier fornimesulide

Initial burst followed by anexponential decrease

PEGylated PLANP

Gene deliverysystems

Improved transfectionactivity

PLA-PEG-PLAcopolymer


Good control over the release

AP-PEGPLA/MPEG-PAE

Drug carrier forcancer therapy

Presented high tumorspecifictargeting ability

PLGA/PEI NP Carrier forluciferase siRNA

Effective silencing of thegene in cells

cNGR-PEG-PLANP

Carrier for DNA Rapid and efficientnanoparticle internalization

DMAB coatedPLGA NP

Loaded withplasmid DNA

Improved transfection efficiency


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References

1. www.engineersaustralia.org.au/advancesinmedicalbionics-moulton-292. www.slideshare.net/polylactic-acid-pla-a-global-market-watch-2011-20163. www.elsevier.com/locate/biomaterias4. www.sciencedirect.com5. C.Y. Xua, R. S. Ramakrishna. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National

University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.

6. C.Y. Xua, R. M. Kotakib, S. Ramakrishna. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative,National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.

7. R. Inaic, S. Ramakrishna. Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore,9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore

8. F. Yang, R. Murugan, S. Ramakrishna. Biomaterials Laboratory, Division ofBioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering

Drive 1, Singapore 117-576, Singapore.9. R. Murugan, S. Ramakrishna. Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, National

University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore.

10.X. Wang, Y.-X. Mac, S. Wang. Molecular and Bio-Materials Cluster, Institute ofMaterials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore.
http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/advancesinmedicalbionics-moulton-29http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/advancesinmedicalbionics-moulton-29http://www.slideshare.net/polylactic-acid-pla-a-global-market-watch-2011-2016http://www.slideshare.net/polylactic-acid-pla-a-global-market-watch-2011-2016http://www.elsevier.com/locate/biomateriashttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/biomateriashttp://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.elsevier.com/locate/biomateriashttp://www.slideshare.net/polylactic-acid-pla-a-global-market-watch-2011-2016http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/advancesinmedicalbionics-moulton-29

application of poly lactic acid

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