APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTALMICROBIOLOGYVOLUME 47 * JUNE 1984 * NUMBER 6

James M. Tiedje, Editor in Chief (1985)Michigan State University, East Lansing

Jean Brenchley, Editor (1987)Genex CorporationGaithersburg, Md.

Ronald L. Crawford, Editor (1987)University of Minnesota

Gray Freshwater Biological InstituteNavarre, Minn.

Martin S. Favero, Editor (1985)Centers for Disease Control,

Atlanta, Ga.Robert B. Hespell, Editor (1985)University of Illinois, UrbanaJohn J. landolo, Editor (1986)

Kansas State UniversityManhattan

EDITORIAL BOARDDanny E. Akin (1986)Noelle Amarger (1985)Farooq Azam (1985)Richard H. Baltz (1984)Barry L. Batzing (1986)Larry W. Belser (1986)Robert A. Bender (1986)Joan W. Bennett (1984)Merlin Bergdoll (1984)Martin Blaser (1985)Jean-Marc Bollag (1986)Peter J. Bottomley (1986)John A. Breznak (1986)Frank Busta (1986)Don K. Button (1986)Douglas E. Caldwell (1986)Tom D. Y. Chin (1986)Richard T. J. Clarke (1984)Donald Crawford (1985)Patrick Davis (1985)Frank Dazzo (1985)Burk A. Dehority (1986)Hugh W. Ducklow (1986)Douglas Eveleigh (1985)Samuel R. Farrah (1986)

James G. Ferry (1985)William R. Finnerty (1986)Madilyn M. Fletcher (1984)Dennis Focht (1985)Charles Gerba (1985)Michael H. Gold (1985)C. P. Leslie Grady, Jr. (1985)Charles Hagedorn III (1985)Bruce Hamilton (1984)Pat B. Hamilton (1986)George Hegeman (1986)Walter Hill (1986)John C. Hoff (1985)Thomas W. Jeffries (1985)John Johnson (1985)Bo Barker Jorgensen (1984)David M. Karl (1985)Todd R. Klaenhammer (1986)Allan E. Konopka (1985)Linda L. Lasure (1986)Mary L. Lidstrom (1985)Eivind B. Lillehoj (1984)Robert J. Maier (1984)Allen J. Markovetz (1986)Scott E. Martin (1984)

Prakash Masurekar (1985)Mollie McBride (1984)Gordon A. McFeters (1984)Larry L. McKay (1986)Lutz-Arend Meyer-Reil (1984)Terry L. Miller (1985)Aaron L. Mills (1984)Claude H. Nash 11 (1984)Louise Nelson (1986)Kenneth W. Nickerson (1984)Betty H. Olson (1985)Ronald Oremiand (1985)Hans W. Paerl (1984)Michael W. Pariza (1984)Frederick C. Pearson (1985)John Pfeffer (1985)Allen T. Phillips (1986)Jeanne S. Poindexter (1985)Hap Pritchard (1985)Donald J. Reasoner (1985)Douglas Ribbons (1985)Donald C. Robertson (1984)John P. Rosazza (1985)James B. Russell (1986)Abigail A. Salyers (1986)

Dwayne Savage (1985)Robert D. Schwartz (1985)Surendra N. Sehgal (1986)Ramon J. Seidler (1985)Norval A. Sinclair (1985)M. Scott Smith (1985)Jim Spain (1984)Kemet Spence (1985)Norman J. Stern (1985)Hiroshi Sugiyama (1984)Anne 0. Summers (1985)John Sutherland (1986)Barrie F. Taylor (1985)Richard Unz (1984)Vincent Varel (1985)Willie Verstraete (1985)Edward Voss (1984)Richard L. Ward (1985)David C. White (1985)R. P. Williams (1984)Peter Wong (1985)Richard T. Wright (1986)William Yotis (1985)Stanley A. Zahler (1985)Alexander Zehnder (1985)

Helen R. Whiteley, Chairman, Publications BoardLinda M. Illig, Managing Editor, Journals

Walter G. Peter III, Director of PublicationsLeslie P. Kramer, Production Editor

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (ISSN 0099-2240), a publication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW,Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination of applied knowledge as well as ecological knowledge, both appliedand fundamental, concerning microorganisms. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints are available fromthe editors and the Publications Department. Applied and Environmental Microbiology is published monthly, two volumes per year. Thenonmember subscription price is $157 per year; single copies are $21. The member subscription price is $32 (foreign, $42 [surface rate]) peryear; single copies are $7. Correspondence relating to subscriptions, nonreceipt of journals, reprints, defective copies, availability of backissues, and lost or late proofs should be directed to the ASM Publications Department, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006 (phone: 202-833-9680).

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Author Index

Airdrie, D. W.. 1201Alexander, Martin. 1195, 1299Anderson, Ann C., 1295Anguish, T., 1343Armon, Robert, 1337Armstrong, John L., 1238Austin, Brett, 1243

Baltensperger. A. A.. 1331Blomquist, Goran K., 1316Bok, Song H., 1213Buchanan, Robert L., 1216

Calomiris, Jon J.. 1238Cardwell, S. C., 1343Chelkowski, Jerzy, 1210Cholette, H., 1224Cogan, Timothy M.. 1250Crawford, Ronald L.. 1266

Dahling, Daniel R., 1272Davis, William E., 1346Dingman, D. W., 1228DuPont, Herbert L., 1290

Evans, Patrick J., 1323

Feary, Thomas W., 1348Fliermans. Carl B., 1307

Galbally. 1. E.. 1284Gatenbeck, Sten. 1277

Geneix, C.. 1246Gerba, Charles P., 1290Gillies. Duncan C., 1243Golinski. Piotr, 1210Grabarkiewicz-Szczesna.

Jadwiga, 1210Guttman-Bass, Naomi, 1311

Hagler. Winston M., Jr.. 1206Hamilton, P. B., 1206Hartmanis, Maris G. N.. 1277Harvey, Ray S., 1307Hausler, William J., Jr., 1346Hedrick, H. G., 1341Hult, Karl, 1210

lida, Hiroo, 1319

Johansson. C., 1284

Kenyon, Jane E., 1243Keswick, Bruce H.. 1290Kneblewski. Piotr. 1210Kott, Yehuda. 1337Kubo, Shuichiro, 1319

La Via, Maria 1., 1352Lafon-Lafourcade. S., 1246Larsen, Jens L., 1261Lewis, Donald F.. 1216Lidstrom. Mary E.. 1255

Liu, Dickson, 1295

Mayo, John A.. 1348McKellar, R. C.. 1224Mellergaard. Stig. 1261Milam, J. R., 1331Montazeri, Mariam, 1341Moyer, Nelson P., 1346

Nasser, Abidalfatah, 1311Neeman. Ishak. 1337Noble, W. C.. 1360Nordstrom, N. K. M., 1360

Ochanda, James Opiyo, 1319Oguma, Keiji. 1319

Parada, Jose L., 1352Piexoto. Donald R., 1243Pramer, David, 1358Premachandran. Devidas. 1358

Ribereau-Gayon. P.. 1246Richardson, Kurt E., 1206Rigby, C. E., 1327Rose, Joan B., 1290

Schank, S. C., 1331Scheffers, W. Alexander, 1221Seidler, Ramon J., 1238Seidman, Martin, 1213Simkins, Stephen, 1299

Simpson, Janet P.. 1355Smith, Rex L.. 1331Soderstrom, Bengt. 1316Solari, Alberto J.. 1352Somers, Leslie. 1255Sorenson, W. G., 1355Stahly, Donald P., 1228Stevenson, R. M. W., 1201Strom, Gunnar B., 1316Subba-Rao, R. V., 1195Syuto, Bunei, 1319Szebiotko, Kazimierz, 1210

Thomson, Karen, 1295Thornhill, Patrick J., 1250Toivola, Ansa, 1221Tucker, James D., 1355

van den Bosch, Eduard, 1221van Dijken. Johannes P., 1221

Wang, Henry Y.. 1323Wang, Yei-Shung. 1195Williams, Richard T., 1266Wopat, Paula W.. 1213Wright, Betty A., 1272

Yarrow, David, 1221

Zinder, S. H., 1343

AUTHOR INDEX

VOLUME 47

Abbott, Thomas P., 585Abston, Ann, 986Agbalika, F., 378Aiking, Harry, 374Airdrie, D. W., 1201Akin, E., 144Alexander, Martin, 94, 1195, 1299All, B. P.. 111, 198Allard, Jack, 369Altosaar, 1., 1150Anderson, Albin W., 22Anderson, Ann C., 1295Anderson, Arlen J., 338Anderson, Douglas G., 245Anderson, Roger L., 752, 757Anguish, T., 796, 808, 1343Argo, D. G., 61Armon, Robert, 1337Armstrong, John L., 1238Arroyo, Robert L., 208Asplund, J. M., 715, 724Atlas, Ronald M., 1054Austin, Brett, 1243Ayotte, Christianne, 947

Baez, A., 1074Baker, C. J., 1096Baldwin, Kathleen A., 68Balish, Edward, 647Balish, Marion J., 647Baltensperger, A. A., 1331Banerjee, Sujit, 601Baron, Stephen F., 971Barrion, Melinda, 1080Barros, M. E. C., 593Bartels, Iris, 500Bartha, Richard, 763Bartizal, Kenneth F., 647, 746Bauer, Johann, 416Bauer, Wolfgang D., 895Baxter, Molly, 31Beaman, Jannice, 1146Bechtel, Donald B., 1178Beck, Douglas P., 278Beckler, Gregory S., 868Bedmar, E. J., 876Bender, Robert A., 436Benemann, John R., 449Benner, Ronald, 381, 998Bennett, M., 56Bennett, Reginald W., 283Benson, David R., 489Berg, G., 144Berkelman, Ruth L., 752, 757Berry, Eugene S., 250Beuchat, L. R., 205Beuchat, Larry R., 229Bibb, William F., 369Bills, S.. 886Bitton, G., 905Bitton, Gabriel, 831Blanchette, Robert A., 670Blaser, Martin J., 965Blomquist, Goran K., 1316Bok, Song H., 1213Bond, Walter W., 752Bossert, Ingeborg, 763Bottomley, Peter J., 663Boyd, Stephen A., 272

Braham, Howard W., 421Bree, Annie, 639Brener, David, 1126Brenner, Don J., 369Brewin, N. J., 876Brock, Thomas D., 731Bromel, Mary C., 22, 216Brookman, D. H., 80Brunner, Walter, 167Bryant, Marvin P., 961Buchanan, Robert L., 1216Buchanan-Smith, Jock G., 101Buchholz, S. E., 489Buckley, Earle N., 49Burg, William R., 84Burke, Valerie, 1146Burlingame, G. A., 56Bussard, Robert G., 350Busta, F. F., 768

Calomiris, Jon J., 1238Cameron, A. Scott, 325Campbell, Joyce, 369Campbell, Velma, 1169Cannon, Robert E., 910Cardwell, S. C., 796, 808, 1343Carey, V. C., 198Caruso, Deborah, 658Casida, L. E., Jr., 427Castenholz, Richard W., 576Castignetti, Domenic, 620Cayley, George R., 1113Cerniglia, Carl E., 111, 119Chambliss, Glenn H., 1039Chang, Philip L., 544Chao, W.-L., 94Charriere, Guy, 160Cheetham, Ronald D., 889Chelkowski, Jerzy, 1210Chen, Ellson Y., 15Chiang, V., 268Cholette, H., 1224Chopra, C., 80Christie, Elva J., 1182Christy, Peter E., 325Chu, Fun S., 472, 526Ciochetti, David A., 223Clark, Alice M., 537, 540Clark, Pamela M., 1023Clyne, Jenny, 731Cody, Henry J., 965Cogan, Timothy M., 1250Cole, T. B., Jr., 12Coleman, David L., 942Conner, Donald E., 229Cook, E. H., 752Cooper, D. G., 173, 821Cooper, Margaret, 1146Corbin, James L., 1027Correa, Jose A., 125Coutinio, M., 1074Coveney, Michael F., 1154Crawford, Don L.. 439Crawford, Ronald L., 1266Crist, Deborah K., 895Cromwell, Gary L., 210Cronholm, Lois S., 1054Culbertson, Charles W., 1106Cullen, William R., 443

Daeschel, M. A., 419Dahling, D. R., 144Dahling, Daniel R., 1272Darwazeh, Husam, 125Davidson, Elizabeth W., ]Davis, Barry J., 752, 757Davis, Jennifer, 889Davis, William E., 1346Dawson. Karl A., 210de Jong, M. H., 901Dekleva, Michael L., 239Demain, Arnold L., 1067Dennis, Mark S., 15Dingman, D. W., 1228Dizer, H., 409Dominguez-Rodriguez,

1188do Socorro Barreto da Sil

Maria, 390Doubet, R. Scott, 699, 70.Doyle, Michael P., 455, 5.Dulmage, Howard T., 125DuPont, Herbert L., 1290Dykes, J., 268

Ecobichon, D. J.. 80El-Banna, Amr A., 1169Ellis, W. R., 607Ely, Ray W., 1118El-Zawahry, Yehia A., 11Eng, Sam, 369Enoki, Akio, 597Erdman, John W., Jr., 11Erfle, J. D., 566Esterman, Adrian, 325Evans, Patrick J., 1323Evans, William R., 895Exterkate, Fred A., 177Eyssen, H., 39

Fa, You-hua, 1067Fabregas, Jaime, 445Faghri, Mohammad A., 1Fall, Ray, 1130Fan, Titan S. L., 526Farrah, S. R., 905Farrah, Samuel R., 831Fattom, Ali, 135Favero, Martin S., 752Feary, Thomas W., 1348Fedorak, Phillip M., 858Feeley, James C., 467Fennington, George, 201Ferguson, Randolph L., 4Fernandez-Garayzabal, J

1188Ferry, James G., 971Fields, Barry S., 467Fields, Marion L., 1118Findlay, W. 1., 919Firestone, M. K., 301Fleming, H. P., 419Flickinger, Michael C., 14Fliermans, Carl B., 1307Florentz, M., 519Focht, Dennis D., 167Foliguet, J. M., 378Forsberg, Cecil W., 101Fortin, Sylvie, 591

Freeman, J. P., 111Freeman, Thomas P., 22Fryda, S. J., 219Fuquay, Janice 1., 663

125

Gadelle, D. P., 1167Galbally, I. E., 1284Gareis, Manfred, 416Gatenbeck, Sten, 1277Gedek, Brigitte, 416Geerligs, Harm J., 329Gendloff, E. H., 1161Geneix, C., 1246Gerba, C. P., 335

Lucas, Gerba, Charles P., 484, 588, 989,1290

Iva, Germida, James J., 313Gillies, Duncan C., 1243

4 Gilmour, Cynthia C., 100533 Giovannoni, Stephen J., 576

Glass, J. Steven, 956Gledhill, W. E., 601Glund, Konrad, 710Gold, Michael H., 597Goliuiski, Piotr, 1210Gordon, Andrew S., 495Gorman, George W., 467Gow, John A., 213Goyal, S., 144

L01 Grabarkiewicz-Szczesna, Jad-wiga, 1210

Gracey, Michael, 114618 Granger, P., 519

Grecz, Nicholas, 1101Greve, L. Carl, 1135, 1141Griffith, Ian P.. 75, 993Gupta, Ram C., 537Guttman-Bass, Naomi, 1311Guyot, Jean-Pierre, 1Gyongyossy-Issa, Maria I. C.,

Haas, Michael J., 253054 Habte, Mitiku, 1080

Hagler, Winston M., Jr., 151, 478,643, 1206

Hall, Patrick G., 433Hamasaki, Takashi, 481Hambali, Gregori G., 44Hamilton, P. B., 643, 1206Hamilton, Pat B., 151, 478Hanna, D. G., 489Hansen, Jeffrey B., 704Harder, W., 195

$9 Hart, Frederick L., 889lose F., Hart, L. P., 1161

Hartemann, P., 378, 519Hartmanis, Maris G. N., 1277Harvey, Ray S., 1307Hausler, William J., Jr., 1346Hayashi, Hiroyuki, 513Hedrick, H. G., 1341Hejkal, Thomas W., 588

023 Henner, Dennis J., 15Herrero, Concepcion, 445Herwig, Russell P., 421Highsmith, Anita K., 752Hijnen, W. A. M., 551Hill, Robert A., 84Hirano, Seiju, 735

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

Hodges, Robert A., 288Hodson, Robert, 624Hodson, Robert E., 381, 685, 998Hofle, Manfred G., 356, 843Holdeman, Lillian V., 350Holland, Betty W., 757Hollocher, Thomas C., 620Hook, Leonard A., 868Horie, Tokunaru, 88, 513Horne, Alexander J., 449Houba, C., 1158Howard, Philip H., 601Huber, Ann L., 234Hufford, Charles D., 537, 540Hult, Karl, 1210Hungate, Robert E., 1135, 1141Hutchison, Donna M., 350

lannotti, E. L., 715, 724lida, Hiroo, 1319Ijaz, Mohammad K., 879Ingram, L. O., 198Ingvorsen, Kjeld, 403Iverson, Kathy L., 22

Jarvis, Audrey W., 343, 1031Jenkins, Michael B., 663Johansson, C., 1284John, D. T., 12Johnson, Byron F., 1126Johnson, G. P., 919Johnson, Katherine M., 768Johnson-Lussenburg, C. Marga-

ret, 879Jonas, Robert B., 1005Jones, Frank T., 478Jones, William I., Jr., 1023Jones, W. Jack, 1J0rgensen, Bo B., 403Jouenne, Thierry, 160Junter, Guy-Alain, 160Jurtshuk, Peter, Jr., 1185Juttner, Friedrich, 814

Kachel, Wayne M., 763Kang, C. Y., 80Kapsenberg, Jacoba G., 927Karl, David M., 835Kauss, Heinrich, 616Kawai, Kiyoshi, 481Kazanas, Nuria, 1118Keegstra, K. G., 1096Keller, Lewis C., 915Keller, Ullrich, 710Kelley, Lee M., 989Kenyon, Jane E., 1243Keswick, Bruce H., 1290Keyser, Harold H., 613Khachatourians, George G., 681,

1182Kiessling, Karl-Heinz, 1070Killham, K., 301Kirchman, David, 624Klaenhammer, T. R., 419Klaenhammer, Todd R., 979Klein, Frederick, 1023Kleinkauf, Horst, 710Knackmuss, Hans-Joachim, 395,

500Kneblewski, Piotr, 1210Knowles, Roger, 258

Koch, M., 796Koidis, Pavlos, 455Kole, M., 1150Konopka, Allan, 870Kortt, Alexander A., 75Kott, Yehuda, 1337Kourai, Hiroki, 88, 513Krieg, Noel R., 433Kroon, Wil A., 927Krumholz, Lee, 101Kubak, B., 506Kubo, Shuichiro, 1319Kumagai, Hidehiko, 653Kunkee, Ralph E., 288Kusel, J. Peter, 1067

Laanbroek, Hendrikus J., 329Labavitch, John M., 1135, 1141Lacey, John, 1113Lafon-Lafourcade, S., 1246Lafont, Jean-Pierre, 639LaForce, F. Marc, 965Lake, Jane A., 325Lambert, Kenneth J., 111Lambert, Mary Ann, 369Lance, J. C., 335, 484Langlois, Bruce E., 210LaPat-Polasko, Laura T., 825Larsen, Jens L., 1261Lau, Pui-Yan, 1169La Via, Maria 1., 1352Lawlis, V. Bryan, 15Lee, Kenneth W., 647Lee, M., 796Lemeland, Jean-Francois, 160Lenovich, L. M., 886Levy, Richard V., 889Lewis, A. L., 144Lewis, Donald F., 1216Li, William K. W., 184Lidstrom, Mary E., 1255Lighthart, Bruce, 430Lin, Chi Chung, 427Ling, Kuo Huang, 98Liou, Horng-Huei, 98Liu, Dickson, 1295Liu, Jong-Kang, 1185London, Calvin J., 75, 993Lopez, J. M., 409Lorowitz, William H., 961Lovelock, Lance K. A., 101Luizao, Regina C. C., 390Luli, Gregory W., 239

Maccubbin, A. E., 381, 998Macdonald, Ian A., 350Mackel, Donald C., 752, 757MacLeod, Robert A., 1017Macmillan, James D., 283Macris, Basil J., 560Madry, Norbert, 710Maebayashi, Yukio, 481Magan, Naresh, 1113Mah, Robert A., 884Mahadevan, S., 566Mallison, George F., 942Mallison, Samuel M., III, 910Marciano-Cabral, F. M., 12Marquis, Robert E., 780Martin, Pierre, 1017Martin, William T., 467Martone, William J., 752, 757

Masse, Robert, 947Masuda, Mari, 735Masuda, Noriyuki, 735Maxcy, R. Burt, 915Mayfield, Mary B., 597Mayo, John A., 1348McBride, Barry C., 443McCarty, Perry L., 825McChesney, James D., 537, 54McElhaney, J., 56McFeeters, R. F., 419McKay, Larry L., 68, 245McKellar, R. C., 1224McKenney, D. J., 919McKinley, Vicky L., 933McNulty, J., 506Mellergaard, Stig, 1261Melnick, J. L., 144Messier, Francois, 947Metcalf, Robert H., 223Meyer, Richard F., 283Mickelson, Milo N., 338Mikell, Alfred T., Jr., 1062Milam, J. R., 1331Miller, Dwight W., 111Miller, Jayne R., 441Miller, Llonas, 283Millero, Frank J., 495Mills, Fred H. J., 213Mills, Kim K., 895Mitra, R. S., 1012Moawad, H. A., 607Mok, Wai Yin, 390Montazeri, Mariam, 1341Montenecourt, Bland S., 193Montville, Thomas J., 28Moore, B., 144Moore, Edward R. B., 1185Moore, R., 144Morgan, Meredith A., 597Moss, C. Wayne, 369Moyer, Nelson P., 1346Mueller, R. E., 715, 724Mulla, Mir S., 125Muniz, Emiro G., 390Munns, Donald N., 278Murray, Robert E., 685Murry, Marcia A., 449Myron, J. J. J., 886

Nakagawa, Yoshihiro, 88, 513Nakayama, Reiko, 653Nasser, A., 409Nasser, Abidalfatah, 1311Nealson, Kenneth H., 740Neeman, Ishak, 1337Neilson, M. J., 1096Nerini, Mary K., 421Neubauer, Debbie, 201Neufeld, R. J., 821Neuman, Susan, 658Newell, Steven Y., 873Noble, W. C., 1360Nordbring-Hertz, B., 195Nordstrom, N. K. M., 1360Nozawa, Yoshinori, 481

Obeta, Jason A. N., 863Obi, S. K. C., 571Ochanda, James Opiyo, 1319Oda, Hiroshi, 735Odibo, F. J. C., 571

O'Grady, Dean P., 601Oguma, Keiji, 1319Okada, Hirosuke, 363Okafor, Nduka, 863Okamoto, Kazumi, 130Olijve, J. H., 901Oliver, James D., 461Olsen, Monica, 1070

40 Orberg, Paulo K., 677Oremland, Ronald S., 1106Otjen, Lewis, 670

Paddock, D. A., 173Palmisano, Anna C., 788Palumbo, Anthony V., 49Panchal, Chandra J., 1164Pancorbo, 0. C., 905Paoni, Nicholas F., 208Parada, Jose L., 1352Paris, D. F., 7Parker, Bruce C., 1062Partridge, Kim, 1146Pastian, M. Russell, 216Payment, Pierre, 591Payne, Jewel, 125Peloquin, Luc, 947Pennington, Charles L., 1054Pestka, J. J., 1161Pestka, James J., 472Peterkin, Pearl I., 1047Petersen, Norman J., 752Peterson, Dennis, 1146Pettersson, Hans, 1070Pettey, Thomas M., 439Phelps, Patricia, 1130Phillips, D. A., 876Pickett, A. Wendy, 443Pierson, Beverly K., 576Piexoto, Donald R., 1243Pipes, W. O., 56Plat, Martine, 639Platt, Harold W., 1169Pomroy, A. J., 1191Pramer, David, 1358Premachandran, Devidas, 1358Puri, Ravinder K., 537, 540

Quatrano, Ralph S., 699Quigley, David R., 882Quinto, Marie, 436

Raibaud, P. M., 1167Ram, J., 704Rao, V. C., 144Rawlings, D. E., 593Reeve, John N., 868Reglinski, J., 443Reineke, Walter, 395, 500Remacle, J., 1158Restaino, L., 886Ribereau-Gayon, P., 1246Richardson, Kurt E., 643, 1206Ricketts, Robert T., 1023Ridgway, H. F., 61Riemann, Bo, 632Rigby, C. E., 1327Rigby, M. G., 61RingoS, Einar, 1084, 1090Riottot, M. J., 1167Ritter, L., 80Robinson, Bret S., 325

ii AUTHORINDEX

AUTHOR INDEX iii

Robinson, 1. M.. 219Robinson, Jennifer, 1146Robson, Lori M., 1039Roder. David M., 325Rodriguez-Ferri, Elias, 1188Rohrer, Thomas R., 1023Roland, J. O., 205Rosas, I.. 1074Rose. Joan B., 989, 1290Rosson. Reinhardt A., 740Russell, James B.. 155

Sacquet. E. C., 1167Safferman, R., 144Sakamoto. Tae. 130Sakuma. Takeo, 1169Salkowski, Cindy A.. 647Sanders, Mary E., 979Sandholm, Kerstin, 1070Sandine, William E.. 677Sands, Jeffrey A., 193Sanozky. R. B., 419Sattar, Syed A., 879Sauer. F. D.. 566Savage, Dwayne. C.. 441Schank, S. C., 1331Schappert, Keith T., 681Scheffers, W. Alexander, 1221Schmidt, E. L., 607Schmidt, Edward A., 942Schomer. Ulrike, 307Scott, Peter M.. 1169Segner, Andreas, 307Seidler, Ramon J., 1238Seidman, Martin, 1213Selegny, Eric, 160Sequeira, L., 10)96Sharpe, Anthony N.. 1047Shea, Thomas B.. 250Shelton, Daniel R.. 272. 850Shibasaki, Isao, 88, 513Shilo, Moshe, 135Shinmyo, Atsuhiko, 363Shotts, Emmett B., Jr., 467Shotwell, Odette L., 84Siebeling, R. J.. 658Sieburth, John McN., 31Siehr, Donald J.. 882Sijtsma, Lolke, 329Simkins, Stephen, 1299Simmons, George M., Jr., 1062Simpson, Janet P., 1355Singh. Shri N., 989Sinha. R. P.. 1175

Sleat, Robert, 884Smith. Douglas H.. 15Smith, Eric M., 588Smith, Paul F., 965Smith, Rex L., 1331Smith, Richard L., 1106Snow, Richard, 288Sobsey, M. D., 144Sobsey, Mark D.. 956Soderstr6m. Bengt. 1316Solari, Alberto J.. 1352Somers, Leslie, 1255Somkuti, George A., 253Somville, Martine, 424S0ndergaard. Morten, 632Sorber, C., 144Sorenson, W. G., 1355Sowers, Kevin R., 971Spindler, Diane, 1130Springthorpe, V. Susan, 879Stack, Robert J., 1141Stahly, Donald P., 1228Stahly, Tim S., 210Staley, James T.. 421Steen, W. C.. 7Steigerwalt, Arnold G., 369Stenberg. Even, 1084. 1090Stetler, R., 144Stetler, Ronald E., 319Stevenson. R. M. W.. 1201Stewart, Graham G.. 1164Stijnman, Ann, 374Stoner, Daphne L., 1005Strand, S. E., 268Strike, Terry L., 288Stringer, William F., 461Strohl, William R., 239Strom, Arne R., 1084, 1090Strom, Gunnar B., 1316Stutzenberger, Fred. 201Suarez-Fernandez, Guillermo.

1188Subba-Rao, R. V., 1195Sugatt, Richard H., 601Sullivan. Cornelius W.. 788Swanson, S. P.. 1161Sylvestre, Michel, 947Syuto, Bunei, 1319Szebiotko, Kazimierz, 1210Szentes, Mark, 870

Tanaka, Hiromi, 597Tanaka, Hiromitsu, 735Tannock, Gerald W., 441

Tautorus. T. E., 775Tawaratani. Takahiko, 88. 513Teather, R. M., 566Tebo, Bradley M., 740Teixeira, Maria Francisca S., 390Temeyer, Kevin B.. 952Thom, Stephen R., 780Thomson, Karen, 1295Thornhill. Patrick J., 12(50Thorsen, J., 80Tiedje, James M., 850Timoney, John F., 986Titus, Jeffrey A., 239Tobin, J. M., 821Tochikura, Tatsurokuro. 653Toivola, Ansa, 1221Topp, Edward, 258T6rtora. Joao C. O.. 1172Townsley, P. M., 775Toyama, Hideo, 363Trudel, Michel, 591Tscherneff, K., 886Tucker, James D., 1355Tuttle. Jon H., 1005Tyczkowska, Krystyna. 151

Uchino, Fuji, 44Umberger, Cindy, 1106Uratsu, Sandra L., 613Urban, James E., 1178Urbina, Marilyn, 125

van de Baan, Elly, 927van den Bosch, Eduard. 1221van der Hoeven, J. S., 901van der Kooij, D., 551van Dijken, Johannes P., 1221van Garderen. Carla, 374van Heerikhuizen, Harm, 374van Olphen, Marja, 927van Os, J. H., 901Van Soest, Peter J., 155van 't Riet. Jan, 374Varel, V. H., 219Veenhuis, M., 195Veiga, Manuel, 445Veldkamp, Hans, 329Verhulst, A., 39Vestal, J. Robie. 933Vollherbst-Schneck, Kathryn,

193von Montgelas, Albert, 416von Tigerstrom, Richard G.. 693

Wagner. Fritz, 307Wagner. Morris, 746Walia, S. K.. 198Walsh, Patricia M., 253Walters, Reginald P., 325Waltrip. Steven C., 319Wang, Daniel I. C., 294Wang. George. 294Wang, Henry Y., 1323Wang, Wen-Lan L., 965Wang, Yei-Shung, 1195Ward, Richard L., 319Weber, Deane F., 613Weimer, Paul J., 263Weir, Margaret M., 1005Wellings, F. M., 144Westlake, Donald W. S., 858Wetzel. Robert G., 1154Whitney, Gordon K., 1164Wicklow, D. T., 299Wicklow, Donald T., 585Williams, Richard T.. 1266Williams, Steven A.. 288Wilson, David M., 84Winer. Gary. 889Winn. Christopher D., 835Wolfe, N. L., 7Wolfe, Ralph S., 1Woods, D. R., 593Wopat, Paula W., 1213Wostmann, Bernard S., 746Wright, B. A., 144Wright. Betty A.. 1272Wu-Yuan. C.. 506Wyza, Robert E., 895

Yamaguchi, Kohtaro, 363Yamazaki, Mikio, 481Yang, Chuen-Mao, 98Yang, Chung-Kuang. 98Yang, Shen K., 119Yarrow, David, 1221Yatazawa. Michihiko, 44Yen, Teh Fu, 544Yoshizawa, Takumi, 130Yotis, E.. 506Yotis, W. W., 506Young, David H., 616

Zeb, M., 506Zehnder, Alexander J. B., 403,

825Zhang, G. S., 526Zinder. S. H., 796, 808, 1343

Vol.. 47. 19)84

SUBJECT INDEX

VOLUME 47, 1984

AcetateC. acetobutylicum, 1277D. post,gatei, 403methanogenesis, 1343uptake kinetics, 403

Achromobacter sp.

4-chlorobiphenyl degradation, 947Acinetobacter spp.

response to glucose, 31Actlinomvces i'ScOSU.S

growth in human saliva, 901Acute metal toxicity

marine bacteria, 1005measurement, 1005

[3H]adenine techniquecalibration, 835nucleic acid synthesis in marine bacte-

ria, 835Adhesion

Mycobacteriumn sp., 61reverse-osmosis cellulose diacetate

membranes, 61Aerotnonas spp.

biotyping, 1146virulence, 1146

Aflatoxin B1antibody, 472iumen metabolism, 1070sorbic acid stimulation, 416

Aflatoxinsaflatoxin Q,, 526antibody, 526A. parasiticus, 1216caffeine inhibition of synthesis, 1216ELISA, 526radioimmunoassay, 526wheat, 1216zinc content of feed, 479

Agglutination typingV. anguillarum, 1261

Akinetesblooms, 234N. spumigena, 234

Algaeeutrophic lakes, 814volatile organic substances, 814

AlginaseB. circulans, 704

Alginatealginase, 704alginate lyase, 699B. circlulans, 704marine bacteria, 699

Alkyl carbazolesmicrobial degradation, 858

Alternaria alternatacellulase, 560,B-glucosidase, 560mycotoxins, 1113temperature, 1113water activity, 1113

Alteromonas putrefaciensamino acid catabolism, 1084anaerobic transport, 1090lactate catabolism, 1084trimethylamine oxide respiration, 1084,

1090Amino acids

peptide inhibition of uptake, 624

transport and incorporation regulation,624

Ammonialiquid chromatographic-fluorescence

determination, 1027nitrogenase reactions, 1027

AmoebaeN. fouleri, 13sucker-like structures, 13

3-AmylaseThermoactinomyces sp., 571

Anabaena cylindricaheterocysts, 449oxygen protection mechanisms, 449

Anaerobesantibiotics, 210B. succinogenes, 219cellulolytic, 219chlorophenol degradation, 272chlortetracycline resistance, 210E. lentum, 39pigs, 210, 219R. flavefaciens, 219sludge, 272

Anaerobic biodegradationassessing potential for, 850

Antarcticaheterotrophic plankton, 1062lake, 1062sea ice bacteria, 788

AnthraceneC. elegans, 119

Antibiotic resistanceanaerobic bacteria from pigs, 210bacteria from drinking water, 1238chlortetracycline, 210metal tolerance, 1238multiple, 1238phosphate buffers, 1175plasmids, 198S. cremoris, 1175S. lactis, 1175S. thermophilus, 1175Z. mobilis, 198

AntibioticsBacillus sp., 775chaetomacin, 775C. olivaceum, 775

a-L-ArabinofuranosidaseR. albus 8, 1135

Arizona spp.turtles, 658

Arthrobotrvs oligosporaN-acetylgalactosamine-specific protein,

1358nematode trapping, 1358ultrastructural studies of nematode in-

teractions, 195Aspergillus flavus

conidium germination rate, 299Aspergillus oryzaeAspergillus parasiticus

aflatoxin inhibition by caffeine, 1216conidium germination rate, 299

Aspergillus sojaeconidium germination rate, 299

Aspergillus terreusterritrem C, 98

AttachmentC. lindemuthianum spores, 616

iv

electrolytes, 495V. alginolyticus, 495

Aureobasidium pullulanscell wall composition, 882protoplasts, 882

Averufinmitochondria, 481

Azospirillum brasilenseflagella, 433indirect immunoperoxidase stain, 433Pennisetuin spp., 1331Sorghum spp., 1331

Azotobacteraceaecytochrome oxidase, 1185superoxide dismutase, 1185

Azotobacter vinelandiicytochrome oxidase, 1185superoxide dismutase, 1185

Bacillus acidocaldariusGELRITE, 427

Bacillus brev'is4-chlorobiphenyl degradation, 947

Bacillus cereusheat-induced temperature sensitivity,

768Bacillus circulans

alginase, 704Bacillus larvae

catalase, 1228oxygen toxicity, 1228

Bacillus macerans6-deoxyhexose fermentation, 263

Bacilluis sp.cellulolytic activity, 1039chaetomacin, 775C. olivaceum, 775

Bacillus sphaericusfate in aquatic environment, 125

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensisH. irritans, 952larvicidal activity, 952medium for primary powder production,

863Bacterial conjugation

digestive tract, 639gnotoxenic chickens, 639

Bacterial growthcontrol and monitoring by microcom-

puter, 239E. coli, 780effect of gases and pressure, 780S. cerevisiae, 780T. thermophila, 780

Bacterial secondary productionaquatic environments, 633measurements of diel rates, 633

Bacteriochlorophyll afilamentous, gliding bacteria, 576

Bacteriological analysis of waterpotentiometric detection of indicator or-

ganisms, 160Bacteriophages

P1, 436plasmids, 68resistance, 68S. lactis, 1352S. lactis subsp. diacetvlactis, 68Tn5 insertion mutagenesis, 436Y. ruckeri, 1201

SUBJECT INDEX v

Bacterioplanktonconfinement, 49filtration, 49

Baleen whalesforestomach microbial fermentation,

421Betaine

P. denitifi cans, 1067vitamin B12 overproduction, 1067

Bile acids7ox-dehydroxylation, 735E. lentiurn, 39strain c-25, 735

Biodegradationhydrocarbons, 763phthalate esters, 601

BiofoulingMvcobacteriu,n sp.. 61reverse-osmosis cellulose diacetate

membranes, 61Biosurfactants

T. bomnbicola, 173Biotransformation

bile acids, 39E. lentl,n, 39linoleic acid, 39

1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoincooling tower, 1307L. pneitnophila, 1307

2-Bromoethanesulfonateinhibition of methanogenesis, 1343

Brookston claydenitrification, 919

ButanolC. acetobutvlicumt, 193

ButyrateC. acetobutilicutn. 1277

Bvssochlatnv,s nifi'eagrowth, 205patulin production, 205water activity and temperature effects,

205

Cadaverinedegradation by marine bacteria, 843

CadmiumE. coli protein synthesis, 1012K. aero-genes, 374removal by microorganisms, 1158

Caffeineaflatoxin inhibition, 1216A. parasiticus, 1216

Campylobacter jejiunieggs, 533hens, 533unpasteurized milk, 455

Candida albicans

colonization of athymic, gnotobioticmice, 647

spore formation, 1341Candida humnicola

chromated copper arsenate, 443

trimethylarsine biosynthesis, 443Candida tropicalis

primaquine transformation, 537Carbaryl

goldfish virus-2, 250interferon synthesis, 250virus enhancement, 250

Carboxylic acid estersmicrobial transformation, 7P. putida, 7

CatalaseB. larvae, 1228oxygen toxicity, 1228

Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase3-halocatechols, 500P. putida, 500suicidal inactivation, 500

CellulaseA. alternatia, 560biosynthesis, 201T. curi ata, 201

CelluloseA. alternata cellulase, 560Bacillus sp., 1039B. succinogenes, 219C. thermocellum, 1126degradation, 219oak, 670R. flai'efaciens, 219X. frustulatus, 670

Cellulose diacetate membranesbiofouling, 61reverse osmosis, 61

ChaetomacinBacillus sp., 775C. olllac1(eCum, 775

Chaleto,nii,n olit'aceulmantibiotic, 775chaetomacin, 775

Charge-shift electrophoresisT-2 toxin, 1182

Chickensbacterial conjugation, 639C. jejini. 533gnotoxenic, 639

Chloramphenicolchloramphenicol acetyltransferase, 868resistance, 868

Chloramphenicol acetyltransferaseresistance to chloramphenicol, 868

Chlorobenzenemicrobial metabolism, 395

4-ChlorobiphenylAchromnohacter, 947B. brevis, 947microbial biodegradation, 947

Chlorophenolsanaerobic biodegradation, 272sludge, 272

Chromated copper arsenateC. hurmicola. 443trimethylarsine biosynthesis, 443

Clav'iceps purpuireavacuoles. 710

Clostridiiin acetobut!liculnacetate, 1277butanol, 193butyrate, 1277enzyme levels, 1277intermediary metabolism, 1277

Clostridtimn boltulini,npH and salt tolerance, 28toxin antigenicity, 1319

Clostridiirn parapitrfficuinglycosidase detection, 208

Clos.tridilutm perfringenssporulation medium, 1172

Clostridii,n thermoaceticuinacetic acid production, 294growth inhibition, 294

Clostr-idii,tni thermnocellumnsubstrate concentration and product ra-

tios. 1126

COP. productus growth, 961

CO, evolution in soilkinetic model, 167

Coliformscadmium exposure recovery, 1012clams, 986colony sheen on membrane filters, 56disinfection, 88E. coli, 15, 88, 965, 1012E. coli SK(pHM12), 307enumeration, 56lauryl pyridinium iodide, 88penicillin acylase, 307recovery from laundered fabrics, 965xylose isomerase gene, 15xylulose kinase gene, 15

Colletotrichumn lindemnlthianlonspore adhesion, 616

Colorimetryformate assay, 884

CompetitionDesulfoi'ibrio spp., 329

Corn dustviable fungi, 84

Crabsassociated bacteria, 1054

Cropsbacteriological quality, 1074wastewater irrigation, 1074

Ciunninglhamella elegansanthracene, 1191- and 2-methylnaphthalene transforma-

tion, 111phenanthrene, 119

CyanobacteriaA. cvlindrica, 449adhesion, 135akinetes, 234benthic, 135blooms, 234eutrophic lakes, 814heterocysts, 449hydrophobicity, 135N. spuinigena, 234oxygen protection mechanisms, 449P. borNanum, 910pesticides, 910volatile organic substances, 814

Cvathius specieslignin degradation, 585

Cyclopiazonic acidmutagenicity, 1355S. tvphimnuriumn, 1355

Cystinelactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen

peroxide antagonism, 338Cytochrome oxidase

A. vinelandii, 1185Azotobacteraceae, 1185

Cytophaga jolhtnsonaenutrient excess and starvation, 356

7oa-Dehydroxylationbile acids, 735strain c-25, 735

DenitrificationBrookston clay, 919Fox sandy loam, 919intertidal sediments, 1106temperature, 919

Deoxynivalenolrumen metabolism, 1070

Vol. 47, 1984

vi SUBJECT INDEX

wheat, 151Desulfobacter postgatei

sulfate and acetate uptake kinetics, 403Desulfobacter spp.

competition for sulfate and ethanol, 329intertidal sediments, 329

Desulfobulbus spp.competition for sulfate and ethanol, 329intertidal sediments, 329

Desulfovibrio spp.competition for sulfate and ethanol, 329intertidal sediments, 329

Diacetoxyscirpenolrumen metabolism, 1070

Dialysis membranemicrobial interactions, 195

Diaminescadaverine, 843degradation by marine bacteria, 843putrescine, 843

2,4-Dinitrotoluenebiotransformation, 1295nitroso compounds, 1295

Direct countingLugol iodine solution, 1191

Disinfectantsiodophor contamination with Pseudo-

monas spp., 752, 757Disinfectioncacao beans, 886E. coli, 88floors, 942insolubilized quaternary ammonium

salts, 513ionizing radiation, 886lauryl pyridinium iodide, 88solar pasteurization, 223water, 223

Dissolved organic carbonepilimnetic bacteria, 731

DNAfreezing injury, 1101radiation injury, 1101Y. enterocolitica, 1101

DNA-DNA homologylactic streptococcal phage differentia-

tion, 343Drinking water

enteric viruses, 1290macroinvertebrates, 889multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria,

1238poliovirus, 144

Echovirussludge, 905survival in soil, 905

EggsC. jejuni, 533

Electron microscopyphosphorus metabolism, 519

ELISAaflatoxin Q1, 526Salmonella lipopolysaccharide in poul-

try, 1327S. aureus enumeration, 1047T-2 toxin, 1161

Enhanced oil recoverybacteriophage T4D, 544Berea sandstone, 544E. coli, 544

Enteric bacteriasludge, 831

Enteric virusesdrinking water, 1290echovirus type 1, 956poliovirus type 1, 956reovirus type 3, 956simian adenovirus SV-11, 956water quality effects on concentration,

956Enterobacteriaceamangrove trees, 44nitrogen fixation, 44

Enterotoxinsenterotoxin B, 1047monoclonal antibody interaction, 283S. aureus, 283S. aureus enumeration by ELISA, 1047

Enterovirusesisolation, 378Ma-104 cells, 378simultaneous concentration, 1311

Enzymesuse of color-producing substrates for

detection, 208Epilimnetic bacteria

dissolved organic carbon, 731growth, 731

Epimural bacterialambs, 715, 724rumen, 715, 724succession, 715, 724

Escherichia coliB, 544B/4, 544bacteriophage T4D, 544Berea sandstone, 544cadmium exposure recovery, 1012clams, 986disinfection, 88effect of gases and pressure on growth,

780enhanced oil recovery, 544lauryl pyridinium iodide, 88malolactic fermentation gene, 288penicillin acylase, 307recovery from laundered fabrics, 965strain SK(pHM12), 307xylose isomerase gene, 15xylulose kinase gene, 15

Estuariesdenitrification, 1106intertidal sediments, 1106San Francisco Bay, 1106

EthanolD-xylose, 1221yeasts, 1221

Eubacterium lentumbile acids, 39linoleic acid, 39

Eutrophic bacteriadistinction from oligotrophic bacteria,

1017Eutrophic lakes

algae, 814cyanobacteria, 814volatile organic substances, 814

Fermentationalcoholic, 1246grape must, 1246inhibition, 1246yeasts, 1246

FlagellaA. brasilense, 433

indirect immunoperoxidase stain, 433Fleecepseudomonads, 75

Flocculationferric chloride, 591virus recovery, 591

Floor cleaning in hospitalsimproved system, 942

FluorideS. mutans cytoplasmic proteins, 506

Formatecolorimetric assay, 884

Fox sandy loamdenitrification, 919

Frankia strainstwo-dimensional polyacrylamide gel

electrophoresis, 489FungiA. oligospora Fres., 195aqueous polymer two-phase systems,

1316C. elegans, 111, 119corn dust, 84Monascus sp., 1323nematode trapping, 195pigment production, 1323propagule separation, 1316rhizobial interaction, 1080

Fusarium roseum 'Gibbosum'zearalenol, 1206zearalenone, 1206

Fusarium sporotrichioidescorn, 1161ELISA, 1161T-2 toxin, 1161

Fusarium spp.mycotoxin production, 643potatoes, 1169trichothecenes, 1169

Gas-liquid chromatographyend products of lactic acid bacteria

growth, 1250S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis, 1250

Gelatin-matrix methoduse with salt-marsh samples, 873

GELRITEthermophilic microorganisms, 427

Geneticin G418Saccharomyces spp., 1164Schwanniomyces spp., 1164

Gerbils, gnotobioticeffects of defined microflora, 746

Ghost cellssorption matrix, 1337virus concentration, 1337

Giardia lambliaisolation of cysts, 1346

Glucoisosaccharinic acidaerobic microbial degradation, 268

Glucose isomeraseStreptomyces spp., 1213

,-GlucosidaseA. alternata, 560

y-Glutamyltranspeptidaseglutathione leakage, 653inhibition, 653P. mirabilis, 653

Glutathioney-glutamyltranspeptidase, 653leakage, 653P. mirabilis, 653

Glycosidases

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX vii

detection in bacterial colonies, 208Goldfish virus-2

replication enhancement by carbaryl,250

Grape mustinhibition of alcoholic fermentation,

1246yeasts, 1246

Growth ratesmeasurement by uptake of radiolabeled

substrates, 184Gut flora

B. succinogenes, 219cellulolytic, 219chlortetracycline resistance, 210filamentous microorganisms, 441host specificity, 441mice, 441pigs, 210, 219rats, 441R. flaivefaciens, 219

Haematobia irritansB. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 952larvicide, 952

Haloaromaticschlorobenzene, 395microbial metabolism, 395

3-Halocatecholscatechol 2,3-dioxygenase, 500P. putida, 500

High dissolved oxygenAntarctic lake, 1062heterotrophic plankton, 1062

Horn fliesB. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, 952H. irritans, 952larvicide, 952

Hydrocarbonsbiodegradation, 763fate in soil, 763

Indirect immunoperoxidase stainA. brasilense, 433flagella, 433

InsecticidesB. sphaericus, 125N. locustae, 313

Interleukin-3concentration, 1023membrane ultrafiltration, 1023

lodophorPseudomonas spp., 752, 757

Ionizing radiationantimicrobial effects, 886cacao beans, 886

Klebsiella aerogenescadmium adaptation, 374Pi accumulation, 374

Lactic streptococciantibiotic resistance and phosphate buff-

ers, 1175phage DNA homology, 1031S. cremoris, 1031

Lactobacillus delbrueckiimalolactic fermentation gene, 288

Lactobacilli/s plantarummalate decarboxylation, 419

selection of non-malate-decarboxylatingstrains, 419

Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogenperoxide

cystine antagonism, 338S. agalactiac, 338

LakesAntarctica, 1062heterotrophic plankton, 1062high dissolved oxygen. 1062Lake Washington, 1255methane oxidation. 1255

Lambsepimural bacterial succession, 715, 724

Lauryl pyridinium iodidedisinfection. 88E. c(li. 88

Legionella pneiumophila1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydan-

toin, 1307cooling tower, 1307intracellular protozoan parasite, 467T. pvrifortnis, 467

Legionella sainthelensiisolation, 369

Leuconosstoc oenosbovine bile resistance, 1150lyophilization resistance, 1150

Ligninanaerobic biodegradation, 998Cyathus species, 585degradation, 439. 585model compound degradation, 597P. chrvsosporium, 597protoplast fusion, 439S. setonii, 439S. viridosporus, 439

Lignocellulosesanaerobic biodegradation, 998aquatic macrophytes, 381characterization, 381degradation, 381

Linoleic acidE. lentlum, 39

LipopolysaccharideP. solanacearum, 1096

Liquid chromatography-fluorescenceammonia from nitrogenase reactions,

1027Listeria spp.new isolation method, 1188

Loamnitric oxide production, 1284

Lugol iodine solutiondirect counting of preserved bacteria.

1191Lxvsobacter en<}mnogenes

phosphatases, 693

Ma-104 cellsenterovirus isolation, 378

Macroinvertebratespublic health significance in potable wa-

ter, 889Malolactic fermentation gene

cloning into E. coli and S. cereiisiae,288

L. delbrueckii, 288Manganese(II)

microbial oxidation rates, 740Mangrove treesEnterobacteriaceae, 44nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 44

Marine bacteriaAcinetobacter spp.. 31acute metal toxicity, 1005alginate lyase, 699cadaverine, 843competition, 329Desulfobacter spp., 329Desulfobulbus spp., 329Desiulfovibrio spp., 329estimation of population. 31growth rate measurement, 184intertidal sediments, 329M. a(etiv,orans, 971nucleic acid synthesis, 835oligotrophic and eutrophic distinction,

1017psychrophiles, 213psychrotrophs, 213putrescine, 843response to glucose, 31Vibrio sp., 31

Membrane filtrationG. lamblia cyst isolation, 1346

Membrane ultrafiltrationinterleukin-3 concentration, 1023

Metal ionsR. arrhiz.us, 821uptake, 821

Metalsbacteria from drinking water, 1238cadmium, 1158marine bacteria, 1005measurement of acute toxicity, 1005multiple antibiotic resistance, 1238removal by microorganisms, 1158tolerance, 1238

Methane2-bromoethanesulfonate inhibition, 1343from acetate, 1343Lake Washington, 1255M. acetii'orans, 971Metlianothrix sp., 796Minnesota peatland production, 1266oxidation, 1255thermophilic anaerobic digestors, 796,

808MethanogenesisA. wvoodii, 1defined immobilized consortia, 1D. tw'/garis, 1

M. harkeri, 1M. formicicu,n, 1

MethanolM. aquaticus growth, 870

Methanosarcina acetiv'oransmarine sediments, 971

Methanothrix sp.methanogenesis, 796, 808thermophilic anaerobic digestors, 796,

808Methylene chloridePseiudomonas sp., 825

MethylnaphthalenesC. elegans, 111transformation, 111

Meth/vlosinus tric hosporiiumnitrapyrin, 258

Microbial aerosolscombine harvesting, 430

Microbial interactionsA. oligospora and nematodes, 195dialysis membrane technique for ultra-

structural studies, 195

VOL. 47. 1984

viii SUBJECT INDEX

Microbial transformationcarboxylic acid esters, 7P. putida; 7

Micrococcus radioduransage-dependent radiation resistance, 915

Micrococcus sp.age-dependent radiation resistance, 915

Microcomputersbacterial growth control and monitor-

ing, 239Microcyclus aquaticusgrowth on methanol and hydrogen, 870

Microporous filterscomparison, 989enteric viruses, 956virus concentration, 956, 989water quality and virus concentration,

956Milk

P. fluorescens, 1224proteinase, 1224

Milk, unpasteurizedC. jejuni, 455

Mineralizationkinetic model for carbonaceous sub-

strates in soil, 167models of kinetics, 1299substrate concentration, 1195

Mitochondriaaverufin, 481

Monascus sp.pigment production, 1323

Monoclonal antibodiesS. aureus enterotoxin, 283

Moraxella sp.age-dependent radiation resistance, 915

Muralytic enzymesR. albus 8, 1141

j-Muricholic acidabsence in germfree rats with human

microflora, 1167Mutagens

cyclopiazonic acid, 1355S. typhimurium, 1355

Mycobacterium sp.adhesion to reverse-osmosis cellulose

diacetate membranes, 61MycotoxinsA. alternata, 1113aflatoxin, 151aflatoxin B1, 416, 472, 1070aflatoxin Ql, 526altenuene, 1113alternariol, 1113alternariol monomethyl ether, 1113antibody, 472, 526A. terreus, 98averufin, 481charge-shift electrophoresis, 1182corn, 1161cyclopiazonic acid, 1355deoxynivalenol, 151, 643, 1070detection, 643diacetoxyscirpenol, 1070ELISA, 526, 1161F. roseum 'Gibbosum', 1206F. sambucinum, 1169F. solani var. coeruleum, 1169F. sporotrichioides, 1161Fusarium isolates, 643in vitro metabolism, 130kidneys, 1210membrane influences on toxicity, 681

mitochondrial respiration, 481mutagenicity, 1355ochratoxin A, 1070, 1118, 1210potatoes, 1169radioimmunoassay, 526rumen metabolism, 1070S. carlsbergensis, 681S. cerevisiae, 681sorbic acid stimulation, 416sorghum meal, 1118S. typhimurium, 1355swine, 1210temperature, 1113territrem C, 98trichothecenes, ,1169T-2 toxin, 130, 416, 643, 681, 1070, 1161,

1182water activity, 1113wheat, 151zearalenol, 643, 1206zearalenone, 151, 643, 1070, 1118, 1206zinc, 479

Naegleria fowlerisucker-like structures, 13

NematodesN-acetylgalactoseamine-specific pro-

tein, 1358A. oligospora, 195, 1358

Nisinplasmids, 68resistance, 68S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis, 68

NitrapyrinM. trichosporium, 258

Nitric oxideproduction in loam, 1284

Nitrificationamong denitrifiers, 620effect of salinity, 424heterotrophic, 620nitrifying activity measurements, 424

Nitrogenaseliquid chromatographic-fluorescence

determination of ammonia, 1027Nitrogen fixation

A. brasilense, 1331Enterobacteriaceae, 44mangrove trees, 44Pennisetum spp., 1331Sorghum spp., 1331

Nitroso compounds2,4-dinitrotoluene, 1295

Nodularia spumigenaakinetes, 234blooms, 234

Nosema locustaefluorescence microscopy, 313spore persistence in soil, 313

Nucleic acids[3H]adenine technique, 835synthesis in marine bacteria, 835

Ochratoxin Akidneys, 1210rumen metabolism, 1070swine, 1210

Okefenokee swampdissolved organic matter, 685microbial biomass, 685

Oligotrophic bacteriadistinction from eutrophic bacteria,

1017Oral microorganismsA. viscosus, 901growth in human saliva, 901Streptococcus spp., 901

Organic acidsfermentation by rumen bacteria, 155

OxygenB. larvae, 1228catalase, 1228toxicity, 1228

Oxygen protection mechanismsA. cylindrica, 449cyanobacteria, 449heterocysts, 449

OzoneSpirillum species, 551water treatment, 551

Pasteurizationsolar energy, 223water, 223

Peatsmethane production, 1266Minnesota, 1266

Penicillin acylaseE. coli 5K(pHM12), 307

Pennisetum spp.A. brasilense, 1331

PeptidasesS. cremoris, 177

Peptidesinhibition of amino acid uptake, 624

Peptostreptococcus productusgrowth with CO, 961

Pesticidescyanophage LPP-1, 910P. boryanum, 910

Phagesdifferentiation, 343DNA-DNA homology, 343DNA homology, 1031lactic streptococci, 343S. cremoris, 1031

Phanerochaete chrysosporium3-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4"-

methoxyphenyl)propionic acid, 597Phenanthrene

C. elegans, 119Phosphatase

L. enzymogenes, 693Phosphorus metabolism

electron microscopy, 51931P nuclear magnetic resonance spec-

troscopy, 519wastewater microorganisms, 519

Phthalate estersbiodegradation, 601

Pigsantibiotics, 210

Plasmidsantibiotic resistance, 198bacteriophage resistance, 68DNA isolation, 677lac, 245nisin resistance, 68plJ1008, 876R. leguminosarum, 876R. meliloti, 876S. cremoris, 677

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX ix

S. loctis, 245, 677S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis, 68Z. mobilis, 198

Plectonemna borvanilmpesticides, 910

Plesiomonas shigelloidesinclusion bodies, 216

31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectros-copy

phosphorus metabolism, 519Poliovirus

electrolyte effects on soil adsorption,484

recovery from drinking water, 144sludge, 905survival in soil, 905

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisFrankia strain identification, 489

Polymeric resin adsorptionfungi, 1323Monascus sp.. 1323pigment production, 1323

PotatoesF. sambucinim, 1169F. solani var. c oerlulelm, 1169trichothecene mycotoxins, 1169

Potentiometric detection of indicator or-ganisms

bacteriological analysis of water, 160PoultryELISA, 1327Salmonella spp., 1327

PrimaquineC. tropicalis, 537S. ri,nosls, 540

Propionibacterium avidumaxilla colonization and age, 1360

Proteasesrumen protozoa, 101

Proteinasesextracellular, 1224milk, 1224P. fluorescens, 1224pseudomonads, 75

Proteus ,nirabilisy-glutamyltranspeptidase, 653glutathione leakage, 653

ProtoplastsA. pullulans, 882lignin degradation, 439Streptotnvcyes spp., 439T. reesei, 363

ProtozoaL. pneumoplhila, 467protease, 101rumen, 101T. pvriforlmis, 467

Pseudomonadsproteinases, 75sheep fleece, 75, 993

Pseeudoinonas aieru(iginosaiodophor contamination, 752, 757

Pseudomonas denitrificansvitamin B12 overproduction, 1067

Pseiudomonas fluoresc ensmilk, 1224proteinase synthesis, 1224

Pseidoinonas piatidacatechol 2,3-dioxygenase inactivation,

5003-halocatechols, 500

Pseiudoinonas solanacearumlipopolysaccharide, 1096

Pseucdomonotas sp.methylene chloride, 825

Pseudomonas spp.sheep fleece, 75, 993

Psychrophilescriteria to distinguish from psych

trophs, 213Psychrotrophs

criteria to distinguish from psychphiles, 213

Putrescinedegradation by marine bacteria, 843

ro-

iro-

Quaternary ammonium saltsdisinfection, 513

Quercetin3-glucosidase, 350

rutin, 350streptococci, 350

Radiationage-dependent resistance, 915Micrococcus sp., 915Moraxella sp., 915M. radiodurans, 915Y. enterocolitica DNA, 1101

Radioimmunoassayaflatoxin Ql, 526

Radiorespirometrydouble-vial technique, 1154

Rats,B-muricholic acid and human microflo-

ra, 1167Reverse osmosis

biofouling of membranes, 61Rhizobia

competition, 607cowpea, 895differentiation, 663fine structure, 1178fungal interaction, 1080hydrogenase phenotype distribution,

613inoculants, 94mineral soils as carriers, 94phosphate nutrition, 278pIJ1008, 876rhizosphere response, 607R. japonicion, 94, 607, 613, 895R. legiumninosarutn, 278, 876R. meliloti, 94, 278, 663, 876R. plhaseoli, 94, 278R. t,rifolii, 278, 1178serotype distibution, 613succinate, 1178

Rhiizobiumn japoniculmcompetition, 607hydrogenase phenotype distribution,

613mineral soils as carriers, 94preservation in water, 895rhizosphere response, 607serotype distribution, 613

Rhizobiium legluininosac-riumphosphate nutrition, 278pIJ1008, 876R. tm1eliloti, 876

Rlhizobitnm mnelilotidifferentiation of isolates, 663mineral soils as carriers, 94phosphate nutrition, 278

p1J1008, 876R. legiuminosarumin, 876

Rhlizobium phaseolimineral soils as carriers, 94phosphate nutrition, 278

Rhizobium trifoliifine structure, 1178phosphate nutrition, 278succinate, 1178

Rhizopus arrhizuismetal ion uptake, 821R. japonicuin, 895preservation in water, 895

Rotavirusseasonal occurrence in sewage, 588

Rotavirus SAleffect of humidity, 879

Rumendietary effects on microbial population,

566epimural bacterial succession, 715, 724lambs, 715, 724mycotoxin metabolism, 1070organic acid fermentation, 155protease, 101protozoa, 101protozoal and bacterial levels, 566

Ruminococcus albus 8xf-L-arabinofuranosidase, 1135muralytic activities, 1141

Rutin3-glucosidase, 350

quercetin formation, 350streptococci, 350

Saccharomvnces carlsbergensisT-2 toxin, 681

Sac charomynces cere0isiaeeffect of gases and pressure on growth,

780malolactic fermentation gene, 288T-2 toxin, 681

Saccharomyces spp.Geneticin G418, 1164

SalivaA. viscosus, 901Streptococcus spp., 901

Salmonella albany,ELISA, 1327lipopolysaccharide, 1327poultry, 1327

Salmonella spp.turtles, 658

Salnmonella typhimnuriumclams, 986cyclopiazonic acid. 1355ELISA, 1327lipopolysaccharide. 1327poultry, 1327

Salt stresscontrol, 301streptomycetes, 301

Schw'anniomyces spp.Geneticin G418, 1164

Sea iceAntarctica, 788bacteria, 788

Sedimentsbacterial competition. 329denitrification, 1106Desulfobacter spp.. 329Desidufbulbids spp.. 329

VOL. 47. 1984

x SUBJECT INDEX

Desulfolibrio spp., 329intertidal, 1106lignin biodegradation, 998M. acetivorans, 971marine, 329, 971San Francisco Bay, 1106

Serratia liquefacienssugar beet root maggot, 22symbiont, 22

Serratia marcescens

sugar beet root maggot, 22symbiont, 22

Sewagerotavirus, 588

Sheepfleece, 75, 993Pseudomonas spp., 75, 993

Shellfishassociated bacteria, 1054clams, 986crabs, 1054E. coli, 986elimination of microorganisms, 986S. typhimurium, 986

Sludgeanaerobic chlorophenol degradation,

272enteric bacteria, 831land application, 905temperature effects on composting ac-

tivity, 933viruses, 905

Sorbic acidaflatoxin B,, 416mycotoxins, 416T-2 toxin, 416

Sorghum mealochratoxin A, 1118zearalenone, 1118

Sorghum spp.A. brasilense, 1331

Spirillum speciesgrowth in ozonated water, 551oxalate, 551substrate utilization, 551

Spore formationC. albiccans, 1341

SporulationC. perfringens, 1172medium, 1172

Staphylococcus aureus

enterotoxin, 283enumeration by ELISA, 1047recovery from laundered fabrics, 965

StarvationC. johnsonae, 356lipid composition, 461morphogenesis, 461Vibrio sp., 461

Streptococciphage DNA hotrology, 1031S. cremoris, 1031

Streptococcus agalactiiaecystine antagonism of lactoperoxidase-

thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide,338

Streptococcus cremorispeptidases, 177phage DNA homology, 1031plasmid DNA isolation, 677

Streptococcus faecium,3-glucosidase, 350quercetin, 350

rutin, 350Streptococcus lac'tis

bacteriophages, 1352lac, 245plasmid, 245plasmid DNA isolation, 677temperature-sensitive phage resistance,

979Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis

bacteriophage resistance, 68end products of growth, 1250gas-liquid chromatography, 1250nisin resistance, 68plasmids, 68

Streptococcus itnitanscytoplasmic proteins and fluoride, 506

Streptococcus sanguiissugar catabolism, 1348tetrazolium method, 1348

Streptococ)ccus spp.antibiotic resistance and phosphate buff-

ers, 1175growth in human saliva, 901S. cremoris, 1175S. lactis, 1175S. thermophilu.s, 1175

Streptoc oc cus sp. strain FRP-173-glucosidase, 350

quercetin, 350rutin, 350

Streptomvces californicussalt stress control, 301

Streptomyces griseussalt stress control, 301

Streptomyces rimosusprimaquine, 540

Streptomyces setoniilignin degradation, 439protoplast fusion, 439

Streptomvces spp.acidophilic, 1213glucose isomerase, 1213selective isolation, 1213

Streptoynvces viridosporuslignin degradation, 439protoplast fusion, 439

Streptomycetessalt stress control, 301S. californicus, 301S. griseus, 301

SulfateD. postgatei, 403uptake kinetics, 403

Superoxide dismutaseA. vinelandii, 1185Azotobacteraceae, 1185

Swimming poolsmicrobiology, 325South Australia, 325

Swineochratoxin A, 1210

Symbionts, bacterialS. liquefaciens, 22S. marcescens, 22sugar beet root maggot, 22T. mVopaeformnis, 22

Territrem CA. terreus, 98properties, 98

Tetanops myopaeformisbacterial symbionts, 22S. liqiuefaciens, 22

S. marcescens, 22Tetrahymena thermophila

effect of gases and pressure on growth,780

Tetraselmis suecicaeffects of oil and dispersant, 445

Tetrazolium methodS. sanguis, 1348

Thermoactinomyces sp.,-amylase, 571

Thermomonospora curiatacatabolite repression-resistant mutant,

201cellulase biosynthesis, 201

Thermophilic anaerobic digestorsmethanogenesis, 808temperature, 808

Thermus aquaticusGELRITE, 427

Thermus thermophilusGELRITE, 427

Thiobacillus ferrooxidansmixotrophic growth, 593

Torulopsis bombicolabiosurfactant, 173

Toxinsantigenicity, 26C. botulinum, 28, 1319deoxynivalenol, 643detection, 643Fusarium isolates, 643T-2 toxin, 643zearalenol, 643zearalenone, 643

Transposonsbacteriophage P1, 436Tn5, 436

Trichoderma reeseiprotoplast fusion, 363

TrichothecenesF. sambucinum, 1169F. solani var. coeruleum, 1169potatoes, 1169

Triglyceridesxylan, 1130yeasts, 1130

Trihalomethaneseffects of reduction in water treatment,

319Trimethylamine oxide

A. putrefaciens, 1084, 1090Trimethylarsinechromated copper arsenate, 443C. humicola, 443

T-2 toxincharge-shift electrophoresis, 1182corn, 1161ELISA, 1161F. sporotrichioides, 1161in vitro metabolism, 130membrane influences on toxicity, 681rumen metabolism, 1070S. carlsbergensis, 681S. cerevisiae, 681sorbic acid stimulation, 416

TurtlesArizona spp. eradication, 658Salmonella spp. eradication, 658

Vesicular stomatitis viruspotential infection enhancers, 80

Vibrio alginolyticuselectrolyte effects on attachment, 495

APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.

SUBJECT INDEX xi

Vibrio anguillarumagglutination typing, 1261

Vibrio choleraeCalifornia coast, 1243non-O1, 1243seasonal variation in numbers, 1243

Vibrioselectrolyte effects on attachment, 495lipid composition, 461psychrophilic, 461starvation-induced morphogenesis, 461V. alginolyticus, 495

Vibrio sp.response to glucose, 31

Virusesadsorption to sand, 409concentration from water, 1311, 1337drinking water, 144, 1290echovirus, 905electrolyte effects on soil column adsorp-

tion, 484enteric, 378, 927, 956, 1290enteroviruses, 1311environmental sample processing and

transport, 1272ferric chloride flocculation, 591ghost cells as sorption matrix, 1337isolation, 378land application, 905Ma-104 cells, 378microporous filter concentration, 956,

989movement in soil, 329poliovirus, 144, 484, 905potential infection enhancers, 80removal from surface water, 927sludge, 905trihalomethane reduction, 319

vesicular stomatitis, 80water quality effects on concentration,

956water treatment, 319

Vitamin B12betaine stimulation, 1067overproduction, 1067P. denitrificans, 1067protein synthesis, 1067

Volatile organic substancesalgae, 814cyanobacteria, 814dynamics, 814eutrophic lakes, 814

Wastewatercrop irrigation, 1074

Wastewater microorganismsphosphorus metabolism, 519

Water activityA. alternata, 1113mycotoxins, 1113

Water treatmententeric virus removal, 927ozone, 551Spirilluin species, 551surface water, 927trihalomethane reduction and viruses.

319trihalomethane reduction effects, 319virus adsorption to sand, 409

Wheatmycotoxins, 151

Xanthomonas caampestrislactose utilizing, 253

Xylantriglyceride production, 1130

yeasts, 1130Xylobolus frustulatus

cellulose, 670lignin, 670oak, 670

D-Xylosealcoholic fermentation by yeasts, 1221

Yeastsalcoholic fermentation of D-xylose, 1221Amazonian soil, 390biosurfactant, 173ecology, 390heat stress, 229inhibition of alcoholic fermentation,

1246pathogenic, 390plant essential oils, 229T. bombicola, 173triglyceride production, 1130xylan, 1130

Yersinia enterocoliticaDNA injury by radiation and freezing,

1101Yersinia ruckeribacteriophages, 1201

ZearalenolF. roseiin 'Gibbosum'. 1206zearalenone, 1206

ZearalenoneF. roseumn 'Gibbosum', 1206rumen metabolism, 1070wheat, 151zearalenol, 1206

Zvmomonas ,nobilisantibiotic resistance, 198plasmid pRUT41, 198

VOL. 47. 1984

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