april 10, 2003, epfl/sts1 standardization policy and technical development in japan koichi noda,...

April 10, 2003, EPFL/STS 1

Standardization Policyand

Technical Development in

Japan

Koichi NODA, JETRO GENEVEJISC Representative in GENEVE


What is Standards?


Definition of Standardization(ISO/IEC Guide 2)

Standardization : Activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.


Aims of Standardization

Variety ControlCompatibility/ Inter-changeabilitySafety/Protection of the EnvironmentTrade facilityMutual UnderstandingQuality Control Management System It’s NEW! Etc.


Tv for USA Tv for EU Tv for Russia Tv for Japan

PAL NTSC

Variety Control


CD

DVD

Compatibility and

Interchangeability

CASSETTE


Safety and Protection of the Environment

Recycle of Products

Recycle Labeling

Standards for Solar-cell, fuel-cell or other renewable energy


Mutual Understanding

Graphical Symbols

Vocabulary/Glossary of TermsMethodology

10-15 mode test for rate of fuel consumption of automobiles

Superconductivity - Test method- Critical current measurement


Quality Control

ISO 9000

Series Quality Management System

Environmental Management system

ISO 14000

Series

Management System

•Quality Control has been a basic roll of Standards

CSR (Cooperate Social Responsibility)

Under construction


Category of Standards

Technical RegulationsDe jure Standards >International Standards(ISO,IEC,ITU,CODEX) >Regional Standards (CEN/CENELEC) >National Standards(BSI,AFNOR,DIN,JISC)De facto Standards >Windows >TCP/IP etc,Company Standards


Standards in Japan

JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)Standards in the field of Industry

ISO, IEC, BSI (UK), DIN (Germany), AFNOR (France)

JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standards)Standard in the field of processing foods

(CODEX (FAO))


Development of International Standardization

Establishment of National Standardization Bodies

- UK (BSI in 1901), Germany (DIN in 1917), France (AFNOR in 1918), US (ASA in 1918(now ANSI))

Establishment of International Standardization Bodies

- IEC in 1908

- ISA (now ISO) in 1926


Standardization in Japan

Early Standardization in Japan - Development of first JES (Japanese Engineering

Standards) in 1922

- 520 JES standards were developed before WWII Establishment of JISC (Japanese Industrial

Standards Committee) - Established in 1949, under the Industrial

Standardization Law - Joined ISO in 1952, IEC in 1953, representing

Japan


Development of JIS

Total Number of J IS

020004000

60008000

10000

1949

1953

1957

1961

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1997


Increasing Importance of Involving in International Standardization

Original Purpose of Standardization - Quality Improvement, Effective Production (Article

1, Japanese Industrial Standardization Law) …Less aware of international aspect


Paradigm Shift - WTO/TBT Agreement gave a paradigm shift in

standardization - Progress in globalization (i.e. increase in

international trade) encouraged “harmonization” of standardization system among countries

- International standards became a tool for gaining global market: Competition to win international standards


Example 1

Cassette Tape - Phillips invented cassette tape system - They opened its patents - Phillips cassette tape system became de-facto and de-jure standards


Example 2

Video tape recorder

VHS β-system JVCPanasonicHITACHI

MITSUBISHI

SONYTOSHIBA

NECAIWA


Example 3

CD (Compact Discus)

SONY Phillips

Standard for CD-Size of CD-Formatting etc,

Establishment of consortium for CD standards

Other companies attendedthis consortium


Example 4Digital video recorder

DVD-RAM-can use also as PC memory -100,000 times re-writing-non compatible with DVD player TOSHIBA Panasonic HITACHI

DVD-RW-compatible with DVD player-30 minutes recording-1000 times re-writing Pioneer SHARP SANYO MITSUBISHI KENWOODD-VHS

JVCDVD+RW

SONY


JISC effort to involve into international standardization activitiesJapan before 1995 - Relatively weak involvement in international

standardization e.g. Number of TC/SC Secretariats in ISO (Total 795

in 1990) JISC 14 (1.76%), DIN 140 (17.6%), BSI 114 (14.3%), ANSI 81 (10.2%) - Less linkage between JIS and IS


Acceptance of the WTO/TBT Agreement

- Japan in 1995, ratified the WTO/TBT Agreement including Annex 3, Code of Good Practice for Standardization

- Launched alignment of JIS with international standards in accordance with the TBT Agreement


Alignment of JIS with International Standards

= as of April 1995=

8,000 JIS

3,000 JIS with corresponding International Standards

1,700 JIS, necessary to be aligned with International

Standards

Three Year Plan for the Alignment Works (from 1995 to 1997)

=Results of works=

Fiscal Year 1995 1996 1997 Total

Outline numberof JIS aligned

326 492 874 1,692


NEXT STEP

Need for Active Participation in IS Process

- Through the experience of Three Year Alignment Action Plan, in which Japanese found many inappropriate IS from the point of view of its market and society, learned that rather than passively accepting IS, need to actively participate in international standardization

process


“Damaging Exports” - Washing Machines-

- Japanese has been major exporter of electrical washing machines in Asia (17 million/per year, in mid-1990s).

- Japanese electrical washing machines were based on JIS, which was different from IEC standards

- Some Asian economies, Singapore and Chinese Taipei, decided to prohibit import of the Japanese washing machines based on JIS, as they do not fulfill safety standard set by IS, in this case, IEC standard.

- Japanese realized a need to actively realize Japanese ideas and standards in IS process


Cooperation in Asia-Pacific

Utilization of PASC (Pacific Asia Standardization Cooperation) - JISC took a role of PASC standing committee chair from 1995-2000.

- JISC actively participated APEC/PASC Technical Groups to develop NWIPs to ISO

Dialogues with NSBs (National Standardization Bodies) - Annual dialogues with ANSI, ACCSQ (ASEAN) and KATS


Results and Review

Having been steadily successful in improving Japanese representation in international standardization,

Further need for strengthening participation to international standardization to appropriately reflect the interests of Japan


Japanese Activities in ISO/IEC - Participation Status -

Number of committees TC & SC and Secretariats by Japan (as of 2000/12/31)

No. of CommitteesTC & SC

Number ofSecretariats by Japan

Ratio (%)

ISO 728 29 3.9

IEC 181 11 5.6

JTC 17 3 17.6

TOTAL 939 42 4.5


The Number of ISO TC/SC Secretariats

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

86 90 95 00

Year

Th

e N

um

ber

of

Sec

reta

riat Japan

U.S.

U.K.

Germany

France

The Change of the Number of ISO/IEC Secretariat

Reference : ISO "MEMENTO"

Japan


IEC TC/SC Secretariats (Year 2000)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Secretariat 31 31 25 25 13 11 9

U.S. France U.K. Germany Italy J apan Sweden


New Proposal of International standards to ISO・ IEC from JISC

Summary of Activity（2000） 1998　　　　 1999　　　 2000

The Number of New Proposal （ISO）　　　　　　　　（IEC）　　　　　　　　　 TotalNew Proposal from J ISC

The Total Secretary NumberSecretary Number in J apan

695 589 729 258 287 200

953 876 929 41 67 82

948 943 93941 42 42


Further Challenges Ahead

Further Developments in International Standardization, as Globalization Accelerates

Japanese Policy Response; - Development of JISC Standardization

Strategy


European Standardization Policy

Standardization as a tool for European integration

- Adoption of European (CEN/CENELEC) standards for common criteria to fulfil EU Directives

(technical regulations) -New Approach- Systematic transfer of European standards

into International Standards

- The Vienna and Dresden Agreements


“European Council Resolution (28/10/1999)”

- Acknowledging that a strong European standardization system has been developed

- Confirms its intention to continue to provide targeted financial support

- Ensure that interests defined at European level be presented coherently in international standardization


US Standardization Policy

Establishment of “the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995”

- requires the usage of voluntary standards in federal technical regulations

Rapid Increase in Participation to ISO/IEC - Holding 81 Secretariats of ISO TC/SC in 1990 (81 out of 795 (10.2%)) - Increased to 133, out of 741 (18.0%)


Development of National Standardization Strategy (2000) by ANSI

- Recognizes European successes in international standardization

- Warns that losing in international standardization means losing markets

- Commits to contribute consistently in all international standardization activities


Further Challenges for Japanese Standardization

JISC reviewed its standardization policy and developed a standardization strategy to outline its responses to further challenges ahead

- Responding to market and social needs

(e.g. regulator, consumer, environment)

- Usage of information technology in

standardization


The Strategy emphasizes the following

3 points; (1) Responding to market and social needs (2) Strategy for international standardization (3) Integration of R&D and standardization


Integration of R&D and Standardization in EC

Forth Framework Programme (1994 – 1998)

-Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme 173million Euro

Fifth Framework Programme (1998 – 2002)

-GROWTH Programme Measurement and Testing Programme 135 million Euro


Integration of R&D and Standardization in Japan

Establishing the new programme for R&D >Standards development research programme >International cooperation programme for Standards development >R&D programme for intellectual infrastructure


Standards development research programme

Life scienceInformation and telecommunication techno

logyEnvironmental technologyNano-TechnologieMaterialsEtc.

Infrastructure related to human ergonomics and welfare

Measurement standards and standard substances

Creation of common infrastructureCreation of common infrastructure

Information infrastructure for biological resources

Responses to social issuesResponses to social issues Creation of new industriesCreation of new industries

Materials-related infrastructure

Safety management infrastructure for chemical substances

Management of national territoryManagement of national territory

Geological information

Important areas of intellectual infrastructureImportant areas of intellectual infrastructure


Responding to Market and Social Needs

Development of sector-specific strategy --- JISC, together with interested

industries, regulators and consumers, developed 27 sector-specific strategies, which set priorities for standardization in each sector.


Ensuring wider and deeper participation of interested parties to standardization, such as

--- industries --- regulators --- consumers, the elderly and people with

disabilities


Industries - Currently 589 industrial organizations

participate in JISC standardization - In order to give more incentives to industries

for their participation, JISC is considering of giving part of revenues from copyright of JIS to those industrial organizations involved in JIS development.


Regulators - encourage their further participation in JIS

development process, which leads to further adoption of voluntary standards in technical regulations

Consumers - JISC set up “the Special Committee on Consumer

Policy”, in order to have more voices from consumers in JIS development process

ISO (COPOLCO)


Standards and Environment

Establishment of “Environmental JIS WG”

- In order to respond to mounting social needs in the area of environmental issues such as recycling and energy efficiency, JISC established “Environmental JIS WG” to promote the

development of environmental JIS


Summary

Increased importance of international standardization

Need for active participation in international standardization

Need for having a concrete national standardization policy/vision shared by relevant parties such as government, national standardization body, industries, consumers and others


Thank you for your attention

Welcome any question

END

april 10, 2003, epfl/sts1 standardization policy and technical development in japan koichi noda,...

Documents

geneve slide

construction slide

epflsts3 slide

epflsts12 slide

jes standards

epflsts13 standards

zcompany standards

renewable energy slide