apt-18 2018 south carolina pest management handbook · · 2018-02-15south carolina pest...

APT-18

2018SouthCarolinaPestManagementHandbook

TableofMeasurementsandConversions

StandardMeasure MetricConversionLength:1ft=12in1yd=3ft1mi=5,280ft1mph=88ft/1min

Length:1in=25.4mm=2.54cm1ft=304.8mm=30.48cm1yd=914.4mm=91.44cm=0.914m1mi=1,609m=1.61km1mm=0.03937in1cm=0.394in=0.0328ft1m=39.37in=3,281ft1km=3,281ft=0.621mi

Area:1sqin=0.007sqft1sqft=144sqin1sqyd=1,296sqin=9sqft1ac=43,560sqft=4,840sqyd

Area:1sqin=6.45sqcm1sqft=929sqcm1sqyd=8,361sqcm=0.8361sqm1ac=4,050sqm=0.405h1sqm=1,550sqin=10.76sqft1h=107,600sqft=2.47ac

Volume:1tsp=0.17floz1tbs=3tsp1floz=2tbs=6tsp1cup=8floz=16tbs1pt=2cups=16floz1qt=2pt=32floz1gal=4qt=8pt=128floz=231cuinNote:Toconvertliquidouncestogallons,multiplyby0.0078125(.008)

Volume:1floz=29.5ml=0.0295L1pt=437ml=0.437L1qt=945ml=0.945L1gal=3,785ml=3.785L1ml=0.033floz1L=33.8floz=2.112pt=1.057qt=0.264gal

Weight:1oz=0.0625lb1lb=16oz1ton=2,000lb1galofwater=8.34lb

Weight:1oz=28.35g1lb=454g=0.4536kg1ton=907kg1galofwater=3.786kg1g=0.035oz1kg=35.27oz=2.205Lb

Concentration:1partpermillion(ppm)=0.00001percent=0.013ozin100galofwater1percent=10,000ppm0.1 percent=1,000ppm0.01 percent=100ppm0.001percent=10ppm

Concentration:1partpermillion(ppm)=1milligram/liter=1milligram/kilogram1percent=10grams/liter0.1percent=1,000milligrams/liter0.01percent=100milligrams/liter0.001percent=10milligrams/liter

Temperature:ToconvertdegreesCelsius(°C)todegreesFahrenheit(°F):multiplyby1.8andadd32.Example:30degrees°C=86degrees°F.(30x1.8+32)ToconvertdegreesFahrenheit(°F)todegreesCelsius(°C):subtract32multiplyby0.56.Example:50degrees°F=10degrees°C(50‐32x0.56).Abbreviations:ac=Acre;cm=Centimeter;floz=Fluidounce;ft=FootorFeet;g=Gram;gal=Gallon;h=Hectare(1h=10,000squaremeters);in=Inch;kg=Kilogram;km=Kilometer;L=Liter;lb=Pound;mi=Mile;oz=Ounce;pt=Pint;m=Meter;mg=Milligram;min=Minute;ml=Milliliter;mm=Millimeter;qt=Quart;sq=Square;tbs=Tablespoon;tsp=Teaspoon;yd=Yard.

South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops - 2018

2018SouthCarolinaPestManagementHandbook

ThePestManagementHandbook isasetofrecommendationsdevelopedbyClemsonUniversityExtension pestmanagement specialists and university researchers for South Carolina growers.These recommendations were derived from various sources of information available to thesecontributors at times prior to publishing this handbook and represent their current views onmanaging field crop pests based on pesticide labels, their own research or experience, and/orthroughothersources.Thechemicalrecommendationsprovidedherearebasedonpesticideactiveingredients.Pesticideproductsmentionedhereareforapplicatorconvenienceandareexamplesonly.TheinformationinthispublicationwascurrentasofJanuary16,2018andappliesonlytoSouthCarolina.Itmaynotbeappriopriateforotherstatesorlocations.The 2018 Pest Management Handbook is also available as an electronic copy on the ClemsonUniversityExtensionwebpage:http://www.clemson.edu/extension/rowcrops/

DISCLAIMERThementionisofthepesticideproductisnotanendorsementnordiscriminationagainstanyotherproductbyClemsonUniversityExtensionService.Pesticideproductsnotmentionedheremayalsobeefficaciousandtheirabsencefromtheserecommendationsdoesnotnecessarilymeanthattheyare not also effective pestmanagement tools. These recommendations are notmeant to be anexhaustiverecommendation,andassociatedcomments,givenhereareinallcasesaresupersededbythepesticideproductlabels.Itisyourresponsibilityasapesticideusertoreadandfollowtheinstructionsontheproductlabelin deciding your pesticide purchases and in their use, including mix/loading of the product,application, clean‐up, and thedisposal of unwantedproduct, rinsates, and clean emptyproductcontainers.Remember:TheLabelistheLaw.Forfurtherassistance,pleasecontactyourlocalExtensionoffice.


2018TECHINCALCONTRIBUTORSMikeMarshall

ExtensionWeedSpecialist,2018PMHEditorEdistoResearchandEducationCenter

64ResearchRoadBlackville,SC29817(803)284‐[email protected]

JeremyGreene

ExtensionEntomologistEdistoResearchandEducationCenter


DavidGunter

ExtensionFeedGrainSpecialistEdistoResearchandEducationCenter


FrancisReay‐Jones

ExtensionEntomologistPeeDeeResearchandEducationCenter

2200PocketRoadFlorence,SC29506(843)662‐[email protected]

JohnMueller

ExtensionPlantPathologistEdistoResearchandEducationCenter


DanAnco

ExtensionPeanutSpecialistEdistoResearchandEducationCenter


KatieMoorePesticideSafetyEducationCoordinatorDepartmentofPesticideRegulation

511WestinghouseRoadPendleton,SC29670(803)417‐5198

[email protected]

PaulPetersonResearchPlantPathologist

PeeDeeResearchandEducationCenter2200PocketRoadFlorence,SC29506(843)307‐2966

[email protected]

JenniferTsurudaExtensionApiculturistClemsonUniversity109FBarreHall

Clemson,SC29634(864)656‐2218

[email protected]

CoryHeatonStateWildlifeSpecialist

SandhillResearchandEducationCenter900ClemsonRoadColumbia,SC29229(803)699‐3190

[email protected]

JayCrouchAreaAgronomyAgent

NewberryCountyExtensionOffice1860WilsonRoadNewberry,SC29108(803)276‐[email protected]

BrianBeer

AreaLivestockAgentLancasterCountyExtensionOffice

107SouthFrenchStreetLancaster,SC29721(803)283‐[email protected]


TABLEOFCONTENTSIntroduction

SprayerCalibration....................................................................................................................................................................1SprayDriftManagement.........................................................................................................................................................4SprayerEquipmentCleaning.................................................................................................................................................4PesticideSprayAdditivies......................................................................................................................................................6PesticideStorageandDisposal.............................................................................................................................................6PesticideResistanceManagement......................................................................................................................................7PesticideApplicationRecordkeeping................................................................................................................................9ApplicationRecordkeepingRequirementsforDicambaTolerant(DT)Crops..............................................12DicambaApplicationRecordkeepingandTrainingRequirementForm..........................................................13HoneybeeStewardship..........................................................................................................................................................14ModeofActionforHerbicides............................................................................................................................................16CropReplantandRotationGuideFollowingHerbicideApplication..................................................................18

CornWeedControlinCorn.............................................................................................................................................................23CornInsectControl..................................................................................................................................................................56

CottonWeedControlinCotton..........................................................................................................................................................78CottonInsectManagement................................................................................................................................................109CottonDiseaseControl........................................................................................................................................................123CottonNematodeControl..................................................................................................................................................127

ForagesGrassForageWeedControl...............................................................................................................................................130PastureandHayInsectManagement............................................................................................................................148

GrainSorghumWeedControlinGrainSorghum.....................................................................................................................................154GrainSorghumInsectControl..........................................................................................................................................164

PeanutWeedControlinPeanut......................................................................................................................................................172PeanutInsectControl..........................................................................................................................................................189PeanutDiseaseManagement............................................................................................................................................195PeanutNematodeControl..................................................................................................................................................206

SmallGrainsWeedControlinSmallGrains..........................................................................................................................................207SmallGrainInsectControl.................................................................................................................................................216SmallGrainDiseaseControl..............................................................................................................................................221

SoybeanWeedControlinSoybean...................................................................................................................................................224SoybeanInsectControl.......................................................................................................................................................259SoybeanDiseaseControl....................................................................................................................................................270SoybeanNematodeControl...............................................................................................................................................276

SunflowerWeedControlinSunflower...............................................................................................................................................277

TobaccoWeedControlinTobacco...................................................................................................................................................283TobaccoInsectControl........................................................................................................................................................287TobaccoDiseaseManagement.........................................................................................................................................297TobaccoNematodeManagement...................................................................................................................................306

AquaticWeedControl...............................................................................................................................................................307


1

INTRODUCTION

SPRAYERCALIBRATIONMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Accurateapplicationofpesticides is essentialto adequately control target pests, avoidexcessive crop injury, andminimize chemicalcosts andharm to the environment. This hasbecome evenmore critical in recent years assomepesticideuse ratesgo frompoundsperacre to fractions of one ounce per acre.Unfortunately, sprayer calibration is oftenneglectedoravoided.Therearemanywaystocalibrate a sprayer, somemore difficult thanothers. If you have a reliable method withwhich you are comfortable, stickwith it. Thefollowing is a guide to a straightforwardmethod.Sprayercalibrationshouldbedonewithcleanwater,notwith the chemicalmix in the spraysystem. Before you calibrate your sprayer,thoroughlycleanit.Also,besuretocheckfornozzleoutputuniformity,asdefectsorunevenwear will cause some nozzles to put outsignificantlymorethanothersofthesametype.To do this, catch andmeasure the output ofeach nozzle for a specific length of time (30seconds, 1 minute, etc.) and determine theaverage output per nozzle (total combinedoutputofallnozzlesdividedbythenumberofnozzles).Discardand replaceanynozzle thatvariesmorethan5percentfromtheaverage.1/128acremethod:This isperhapsthemost frequentlyusedandquickest method of calibration. It involvesmeasuring a specific driving distance ratherthananarea.Followthesestepstocalibratebythe1/128acremethod.

1. Measure a specific distance in a fieldaccording to table 1. Select a driving

distancewhichmatchesthenozzlespacingon your boom (for broadcast sprays) orrow spacing you use (for bandapplications). The distance should bemeasuredinafieldtypicalofthoseyouwillbespraying,ratherthanasmoothsurface.

2. Selectagearandenginespeedcombinationwhichwillallowyoutocomfortablydriveacross your fields and develop adequatespraypressurefortheselectednozzlesonyour rig. Drive the measured distance atyour preselected gear and engine speedcombinationandrecordthetimerequiredtodrivethedistanceinseconds.Toimproveprecision, you may want to time two ormoreseparaterunsandtaketheaverageoftworuns.

Table1.DistancecalibrationtableforsprayersNozzleorRowspacing(inches)

Distancetotimefor

calibration(feet)

NozzleorRowspacing(inches)

Distancetotimefor

calibration(feet)

40 102 26 15738 107 24 17036 113 22 18534 120 20 20432 127 18 22730 136 16 25528 146 14 291

3. Park the sprayer and, using ameasuringcuporbucket,catchthesprayoutputfromasinglenozzleforthelengthoftimeittookyoutodrivethemeasureddistanceinstepone.Besurethatthesprayerisrunningatthesameenginespeedandspraypressure.Note:Forbandingrigswhereyouusedrowspacingtodeterminethedistanceinstep1and where more than one nozzle is


2

directedtotherow,catchtheoutputforallnozzlesdirectedtoasinglerow.

4. The total amount of water, measured inounces,collectedpernozzleorrowinstep3equalsgallonsperacre(GPA).

Determininghowmuchherbicideproducttoaddtothespraytank:Nowthatyouhavesuccessfullycalibratedyoursprayer, the next step is to determine howmuch chemical you need to add to the tank.

1. Dividethetankcapacitybygallonsperacretoget thenumberofacresa full tankcanspray:

[Tankcapacity(gallons)÷GPA]=Number

ofacrescoveredbyonefulltank

2. Multiply the recommended pesticide ratefromthelabel(pt/A,oz/A,lb/A,etc.)bythenumber of acres covered by a full tank(fromstep1.)

3. Note:Allpesticide rates in thishandbook

are given as broadcast rates. For bandapplications,youmustadjusttherateusingthe following formula:

[BandWidth×BroadcastRate]÷RowWidth=BandRateExamplesofcalibration&howmuchtoputinthetank.BroadcastApplication:Youplantospraygenericglyphosateherbicide,plusanonionicsurfactantforburn‐downpriortoplantingcotton.Yoursprayerhasauniformnozzle spacing of 18 inches. You havethoroughlycleanedyoursprayerandreplaced

all non‐uniform nozzles (and yes there weresome!)

1. FromTable1,notethatthedistancetodriveis227feet.Measurethisdistanceinthefieldtobesprayed.

2. Setyourthrottleanddrivethe227feetfor several runs. Let’s say that it tookyouanaverageof39secondstodrivethisdistance.

3. Now, at the sameengine speedand atyourdesired spraypressure, andwithyour sprayer standing still, catch theoutput in ounces for 39 seconds fromanyonenozzle,theaveragetimeittookyourrigtotravelthe227feet.Youcatch20 ounces during the 39 second timeperiod.Therefore,yoursprayeroutputis20GPA.

4. After reading the generic glyphosatelabel and the weed controlrecommendations for cotton, youdecide to spray glyphosate at 1 qt/A,plusanonionicsurfactantat1qt/100gallonsofspraymix.Let’sassumeyouhave a 500‐gallon spray tank.How many acres will one tank loadcover?

[500galtank÷20GPA]=25acrescovered

byonetankloadSo,1qt/A×25acres=25quarts(~6.25gallons)ofglyphosatepertankload

Whataboutthesurfactant:

500gal×(1qt/100gal)=5qts.surfactantperspraytankload.

BandApplication:You plan to apply Staple herbicide plusnonionic surfactant ina19 inchband on38inch rows. Your banding rig is set up withthreenozzlesdirectedtothebandoneachrow.


3

Yoursprayerhasbeenthoroughlycleaned,andthe nozzles are uniform in output, afterreplacingthoseoutofrange.

1. Usingthechartagain,thedistancetotravelfora38inchrowis107feet.Youmeasureyour course drive it several times. Let’sassumeittookanaverageof18seconds.

2. Park the sprayer and at the same enginespeed and your desired pressure, collecttheoutputofeachofthethreenozzlesfor18seconds.Ifthecombinedtotaloutputofthe three nozzle band cluster is, forexample,25ounces,thesprayerisapplying25gallonsperacre.

3. Now, let’s say your sprayer has a 200gallontank.ThebroadcastrateforStapleis2.2floz/A,andnonionicsurfactant istobeaddedat1qt/100gal.ofspraymix.

[200galtank÷25GPA]=8acrescoveredpertank

4. Now,reducetheratefora19inchband:[19inchband÷38inchbroadcast]×2.2oz/AStapleproduct=1.1oz/AStaple

Therefore:8acres×1.1floz/A=8.8floz

Stapleneededpertank

Surfactantneededpertankis,200gallontank×(1qtsurfactant/100gallonspray).=2

qts.nonionicsurfactantpertankNote: the surfactant rate in this example iscalculatedbasedonamountpervolumeofspraymix, rather than amount per acre, it iscalculated the same as for broadcastapplications.Post‐DirectedandHoodApplications:Youplantouseahoodedsprayertomakepost‐directed and hooded applications in your38inch row cotton. Given, the gallon per acre

(GPA)underthehoodneedstomatchascloseas possible to the GPA of your post‐directedband. The hooded rig is set up to use twonozzlespost‐directingona13inchbandandhasthreenozzlesunderthehoodsprayinga25inchband.Scenario1:Onepumpapplyingonetankmix.

1. Thedistancetotravelfora38inchrowis107 feet (Table 1). You measure yourcourseanddriveit.Let’sassumeittookanaverageof18seconds.

2. Park the sprayer and at the same enginespeed and at the desired pressure, andcollect the output of the three nozzlesunder the hood for 18 seconds. Combinethe output of the three nozzles andmeasure.The combined total, forexample20 ounces, equals the application rate inGPA.Inthiscaseyourhoodsareapplyingat20GPA.

3. Next, with your sprayer running at thesameenginespeedandpressure,collecttheoutputofthetwopost‐directingnozzles.Combine the output from these twonozzlesandmeasure.Thecombinedtotal,for example 13 ounces, equals theapplicationrateinGPA.Inthiscasethepostdirectingnozzlesareapplyingat13GPA.

4. Remember, youwant the application ratetobethesameforboththepost‐directedandhooded application. To accomplish this,decide which application rate fits yourneeds.Inthisexample,wewillassumethat13GPApost‐directedisideal.Togetyourhoodedapplicationtobe13GPA,insteadof20 GPA, reduce the size of the spray tipsunderthehoodandre‐runthecalibrationprocedure.Continuethisprocessuntilyourhoodedapplicationrateandpost‐directedapplicationratearesimilar.

Scenario 2. Two (2) pumps applyingseparatetankmixes.


4

1. FromTable1, thedistanceto travel fora38 inch row is 107 feet. Your course ismeasuredandyoudriveit.Let’sassumeittook 18 seconds.

2. Park the sprayer and at the same enginespeed and desired pressure, collect theoutputofthethreenozzlesunderthehoodfor18seconds.Combinetheoutputofthethreenozzlesandmeasure.Thecombinedtotal, for example 18 ounces, equals theapplication rate in GPA. In this case thehoods are applying at 18 GPA.

3. Next,withthesprayerrunningatthesameenginespeedanddesiredpressure,collectthe output of the two post‐directingnozzles. Combine the output from thesetwo nozzles and measure. The combinedtotal, for example 15 ounces, equals theapplicationrateinGPA.Inthiscasethepostdirectingnozzlesareapplyingat15GPA.

4. Remember,youwanttheapplicationratetobe the same forboth thepost‐directedandhooded application. To accomplish this,decide which application rate fits yourneeds.Inthisexample,wewillassumethat15GPApost‐directedisideal.Togetyourhoodedapplicationtobe15GPAinsteadof18GPA,youhavetwo(2)options.a) First reduce the pressure for the pumpapplyingunderthehood.Caution:Besurethatafterreducingthepressurethespraytip still produces an acceptable spraypattern. Repeat the calibrationprocedure.Continue this process until your hoodedapplication rate and post‐directedapplicationratearesimilar.b) The second option is to change to asmaller spray tip size under the hood toreduce the application rate to 15 GPA.Repeatthecalibrationprocedure.Continuethisprocessuntilyourhoodedapplication

rateandpost‐directedapplicationratearesimilar.

SPRAYDRIFTMANAGEMENTMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

A variety of factors including weatherconditions (e.g., wind direction, wind speed,temperature, and relative humidity) andmethodofapplication(e.g.,ground,aerial,andairblast) can influence pesticide drift. Theapplicatormustevaluateallfactorsandmakeappropriate adjustments when applyingpesticides.

READ the PESICIDE LABEL for guidelinesonpreventingdrift!

Select a nozzle that maximizes productperformance(i.e.,smalldropletsforcontactherbicides, such as paraquat) andminimizesspraydriftpotential (i.e.,ultra‐coarse droplets for auxin type herbicides,suchasdicamba).

Use recommended spray pressureaccording to the nozzle manufacturerguidelines.

Don’t apply pesticides under windy orgustyconditions(donotspraywhenwindspeedsaregreaterthan15mph).

Usetheminimumboomheightaccordingtonozzle manufacturers recommendations.Spray drift increases as boom heightincreases.

Useahand‐heldanemometertodeterminewindspeedanddirectionattheapplicationsite.

Don’t spraywhen thewind is less than 3mph to avoid spraying in temperatureinversionswhereverticalmixingoftheairislimited.

Maintain required buffer zones accordingthelabelinstructions.

Utilize drift control/reduction agents inyourtankmix.


5

If possible, don’t spray when thetemperatureisabove90–95OF.

Before spraying, document yoursurroundings, especially the location,direction,anddistanceofsusceptiblecropsand sensitive sites relative to the treatedsite.

Asanapplicator,YOUareresponsibleforwherethechemicalsfromyoursprayriggo!

SPRAYEREQUIPMENTCLEANINGMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Residuesofpesticidesolutions left insprayertankorlinescancauseseveredamagelaterifapplied to susceptible crops. For example,traces of growth regulator type herbicidesused for burndown and/or pasture weedcontrol, including 2,4‐D amine/ester, cancreateseriousproblemsifaccidentlyappliedtosusceptiblebroadleafcropsincludingtobacco,cotton,tomatoesfruitingvegetables,andothersusceptible plants. Most of these herbicides,particularlytheoilbasedformulationsof2,4‐DandCrossbow,aredifficulttothoroughlywashout of a sprayer. Therefore, we recommendusing a dedicated sprayer for application ofgrowthregulatortypeherbicides.The sulfonylureas and imidazolinonesherbicides, including Accent, Classic, Exceed,Staple,andScepter,havealsocreatedsprayercleaning challenges. These herbicides have ahighunit activity (a small amountofproductthatisleftinthesprayerisveryactiveonaperacre basis). Tiny amounts of these drymaterials can cause severe damage to non‐target,susceptiblecrops.Somepesticideshavespecificclean‐outinstructionsoutlinedonthelabel and should be followed explicitly topreventsubsequentcontaminationandinjuryof the next sensitive crop sprayed by theapplicator.

Yourtankisonlyonepartofthesprayer.Youcandoanexcellentjobofcleaningthetank,butif chemical residues are left in the hoses,strainers,andpump,seriouscropdamagecanstilloccur.Pesticidescanbeabsorbedintothelines,inadditiontopolyethyleneorfiberglasstanks,wheretheycanremainforalongtime.Some dry flowable and wettable powderformulations can precipitate out of solutionand accumulate on the bottom of the spraytankandsuctionline,particularlyinsprayerswithpooragitation.The longeraspraymix isleft in the system, the greater is the potentialcontamination problem the next time you usethesprayerunit.Sprayersshouldbecleanedas soon as possible and pesticide spraymixtures (especially dry pesticideformulations suspended inwater) shouldneverbeallowedtodryinthesprayer.Personal protective equipment that isrecommeded on the pesticide label for thatproduct should be worn during clean‐up.Donotcleansprayersnearwells,sinkholes,creeksor other surface water, or near desirablevegetation.Many herbicide labels have specific sprayercleanupproceduresonthelabel.Forexample,Valor product label recommends a specifictank mix cleaner product (i.e., Valent tankcleaner) after each use of a flumioxazincontaining product. Other pesticidesrecommend adding household ammonia at 1gallon of ammonia for each 100 gallons ofwater. Ammonia is also useful for removing2,4‐Desterresiduesleftinthesprayerbecauseammoniachangesthelesssolubleesterintoamorehighlywater‐soluble ammonium salt of2,4‐D. Many commercial tank cleaners areavailable and most do an excellent job, ifproperlyused,ofcleaningasprayertankandcomponents.Theyarejustlikeammoniainthatplenty of water and proper procedure arerequired.


6

Sprayercleaningprocedureforpesticides1. Afterspraying,drainthesprayer,boomand

lines in an area appropriate for rinsatedisposal.Donotallowthespraysolutiontoremaininsprayboomlinesovernightpriortoflushingthesystem.

2. Flush the tank, hoses, boom, and nozzleswith clean water. Open boom ends andflushifappropriate.

3. Inspectandcleanallstrainers,screens,andfilters.

4. Prepare a commercial detergent, sprayercleaner, or ammonia according to themanufacturer’sdirections.

5. Take care to wash all parts of the tankincluding the inside top surface. Startagitation in the sprayer and thoroughlyrecirculatethecleaningsolutionforatleast15 minutes. All visible deposits must beremovedfromthesprayingsystem.

6. Flushhoses,spraylines,andnozzlesforatleast1minutewiththecleaningsolution.

7. Repeatthepreviousstepsfor2additionaltimes to accomplish an effective triplerinse.

8. Removenozzles,screens,andstrainersandclean separately in the cleaning solutionafter completing the above procedures.Drainthesump,filter,andlines.

9. Rinse the complete system with cleanwater.

10. Cleanandwashofftheoutsideoftheentiresprayerandboom.

11. Disposeofrinsatefromallthestepsabovein an appropriate manner that complieswithallapplicable local,state,andfederalrequirements,laws,andregulations.

SprayercleaningprocedureforXtendimax,Engenia, FeXapan, Enlist One, Enlist Duoherbicides:

1. Completely drain the spray systemincludingpumps,lines,andsprayboomforatleast5minutes.

2. Fill the spray tankwith cleanwater to atleast 10% of the total tank volume andcirculate the solution through the entiresystem so that all internal surfaces arecontacted for at least 15 minutes tocomplete the first rinse of the applicationequipment. Spray the solution from thetankoutthroughtheboom.

3. Completely drain the spray systemincludingpumps,lines,andsprayboomforatleast5minutes;removeandcleanfiltersandstrainers.

4. During the second rinse, fill the containerwithcleanwatertoatleast10%ofthetotaltankvolume.Theadditionoftankcleaningagentsmaybeusedat themanufacturer’srecommendedrates.Circulatethesolutionthroughtheentiresystemforatleast15to20 minutes. Let the solution stand forseveral hours or overnight. Spray thesolutionoutofthetankthroughtheboom.

5. Completely drain the spray systemincludingpumps,lines,andsprayboomforatleast5minutes.

6. Fill the spray tankwith cleanwater to atleast 10% of the total tank volume andcirculate the solution through the entiresystem so that all internal surfaces arecontacted for at least 15 minutes tocompletethethirdrinseoftheapplicationequipment. Spray the solution out of thetankthroughtheboom.

7. Completelydrainthespraysystem,removenozzles tips and strainers and clean themseparately.

8. Cleanandwashofftheoutsideoftheentiresprayerandboom.

9. Disposeofrinsatefromallthestepsabovein an appropriate manner that complieswithallapplicable local,state,andfederalrequirements,laws,andregulations.

Important: Remember to clean all otherassociated application equipment. Personalprotectiveequipment,asprescribedonthelabel,shouldbewornduringtheclean‐upprocessand


7

do not clean sprayers near wells, sink holes,creeksorothersurfacewater,orneardesirablevegetation.

PESTICIDESPRAYADDITIVESMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

SprayAdditivesAsprayadditiveisanysubstanceaddedtoanherbicide tank mix to enhance performance.Adjuvants are classified based on their useratherthanchemistry.Adjuvantstypesincludesurfactants, emulsifiers, wetting agents,stickers, de‐foamers, compatibility agents,cropoils,anddriftcontrolagents.TypesofSprayAdditives:Surfactants (surface‐active‐agent): Are usedtoimproveemulsifying,dispersing,spreading,wetting,orothersurfacemodifyingpropertiesof a liquid. Three types of surfactants areemulsifiers,wettingagents,stickers.Chooseanon‐ionic surfactantbasedon composition.Asurfactant with 80% or greater activeingredientisadesirablechoice.Emulsifiers: Substances that promotesuspensionofone liquid inanother.Theyaremostcommonlyusedtodisperseoilinwater.These are usually contained in the herbicidepackageformulation.Wetting agents: Reduce interfacial tensionsbetween surfaces that would normally repeleach other. These allow a spray solution tospread and adhere better towaxy cuticles ofplants.Nonionicsurfactants(NIS)arethetypeusuallyadded toa spray tank.Theyaregooddispersing agents, stable in cold water, andhavelowtoxicitytoplantsandanimals.Stickers:Adjuvantsthatpromoteadherenceofherbicides to the plant foliage. They reducerunoff potential during application andwash

offbyrainfall.Theseareusuallyblendedwithwettingagentstoprovidebettercoverageandarecalledspreader‐stickers.AntifoamingAgents:Thesematerialsreducefoaming tendency of some pesticides in asprayersystemsothatpumpsandnozzlescanoperateeffectively.Compatibility Agents: Aid in holdingherbicides in solution when mixed withpesticidesorfertilizers.Crop Oils: These are non‐phytotoxic lightpetroleum or vegetable oils that containsurfactants. Crops oils are used much like asurfactant; but they tend to temporarly burncrop foliage. Choose crop oil which contains80%orgreateroil,andtherestassurfactantsoremulsifiers.DriftControlAgents:Materialsusedtoreducethe number of fine particles in the spraypatternwhichcouldmovefromtheapplicationsiteandresultindriftdamage.

PESTICIDESTORAGEANDDISPOSAL

MikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialistStore pesticides in a cool and dry place,preferably in a locked, detached structure, intheir original container with intact andreadablelabels.Also,pesticidesshouldnotbestored with seed, gasoline, fuels, and otherflammablesolvents.Thepropercontainerrinseprocedurerequiresthatyouplanaccordingly:

Readandfollowlabeldirections! Wear the required protective clothing andequipment.

Rinse containers immediately afteremptying because pesticides will dry orsolidify quickly and become difficult toremove.


8

Consider the volume of the rinsate whenfillingthesprayertank.Leaveenoughroomin the sprayer tank to accommodate therinsatebeforefillingthetank.

Have back‐flow protectionwhen filling thesprayertankandrinsingthecontainer.

Therearetwoacceptablewaystorinseemptypesticidecontainers:1)Triple‐rinsingor2) Pressure‐rinsing (jet‐rinsing)usinganEPA approved device specificallymanufacturedtowashcontainerinteriors.

Triple‐rinsecontainerinstructions: Allow empty pesticide container to drain

into the sprayer tank for at least 30seconds.

Fill container one‐quarter full of cleanwater or appropriate spray rinse diluent.Replace cap securely and roll, swirl andshake the contents vigorously for at leastonefullminutetorinseallsurfaces!

Remove container cap and empty rinsateintothespraytank.Allowthecontainertodrainforatleast30seconds.

Repeatthefill,shakeanddrainproceduretwo(2)moretimes,usingcleanwater.

Properly dispose of the rinsed containersas soon as possible. Dispose of capswiththecontainersunlessrecycling.

Plastic and plastic‐lined bags can betriple‐rinsed.Forpaperandfiberbagsandsimilar containers, completely empty thecontents into the tank.Openbothendsofthe container to remove any remainingpesticideandtopreventreuse.

Howtopressure‐rinsecontainers: Allow the empty pesticide container to

drain into thesprayertank forat least30seconds.

Hold the container upside down over thesprayer tank opening so that rinsate willrun into the sprayer tank. For ease andsafety, puncture through the bottom of

metal containers and through the side ofplasticcontainerswithappropriatetoolorpressure‐rinsing nozzle‐follow specificmanufacturerdirections.

Thoroughly rinse the empty container forthe time interval recommended by thepressure‐rinsenozzlemanufacturer,butnoless than30seconds,usingat least40psiwaterpressure.

Properlydisposeofyourrinsedcontainersas soon as possible. Dispose of capswithcontainers,unlessrecycling. Capsarenotrecyclable.

PESTICIDERESISTANCE

MANAGEMENTMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Repeateduseofanypesticides–herbicides,insecticides, fungicides, nematicides,rodenticides, and others ‐ can lead to theselection of individuals or biotypes that areresistant to that pesticide. Applicators areencouraged to rotate products with differingmodes of action within a crop year. Manypesticidelabelsnowgivedetailedguidance.Resistance may be defined as “a heritablechange in the sensitivity of a pestpopulationthat is reflected in the repeated failure of aproducttoachievetheexpectedlevelofcontrolwhen used according to the labelrecommendationforthatpestspecies”.Resistancearisesthroughtheover‐useand/ormisuseofapesticideagainstapestspeciesandresultsfromtheselectionofresistantbiotypesofthepestandtheresultingevolutionofpestpopulationsthatareresistanttothatpesticideand its mode of action (MOA). Pesticides doNOTcausethemutationsforresistance.Inmostcases,notonlydoesresistancerendertheselectingcompoundmuchlesseffectivebutitoftenalso confers cross‐resistance toother


9

chemically related compounds. Cross‐resistance occurs when resistance to onepesticide confers resistance to anotherpesticide, even where the pest has not beenexposedtothelatterproduct.The objective of successful PesticideResistance Management is to delay theevolutionofpestresistancetopesticides,ortohelp regain susceptibility in pest populationsinwhichresistancehasalreadyarisen.Because many pest populations are usuallypresent in large numbers and quicklyreproduce(especiallymites,manyinsectsandmostplantpathogens), there is always a riskthat pesticide resistance may evolve quickly,especiallywhenpesticidearemisusedorover‐used.Ifyouobtainlesscontrolofapestwithagivenpesticide than you are accustomed to, orbelieveisreasonabletoexpect,firstchecktobesure that you applied the pesticide properlyaccordingtothelabelinstructions.Ifyoumadeyour application properly, next consider ifthere were any extreme environmentalconditions–veryhot,verycool,heavyrain,etc.Ifnoneoftheseconditionsexisted,orarenotbelieved to influence the product’sperformance, then pesticide resistance is apossibility.Doing everything you can to delay pesticideresistance is important for the obviousreasons. Currently, there are few to no newmodes‐of‐action being developed in thepesticidemarket.Thislackofnewalternativesgives us few choices when it comes toswitching to a different pesticide whenresistancearises.Forinstance,therehavenotbeen any significantnewmodes‐of‐action forherbicidesinaboutthreedecades.Whilenewherbicide products are coming onto themarket, often in conjunction with herbicideresistant crop varieties, the herbicides

themselves are someof theoldest herbicideswehave,forinstance2,4‐D.There are several ways to delay pesticideresistance. The best is to use Integrated PestManagement(IPM)andtouseeconomicinjurythresholds to determine when to apply apesticide(s). Other methods include rotatingcrops to prevent buildup of the same pestpopulations over time, to use the lowesteffective rate or rate recommended by thepesticidelabeloraknowledgeableexpert,andmakespotorperimeterapplicationsonsmallor defined pest populations. When usingpesticides,rotatepesticidemodesofactionbyrotatingpesticidechemicalfamilies.For most growers, however, knowing whatpesticides to use to do this has beendifficultbecause of a lack of knowledge of the manydifferent modes of action. Until recentlypesticide labels did not provide muchinformationtoassistinthesedecisions.Tohelpgrowersandotherscombatpesticideresistance several national and internationalresistance action committees have beenformedbythepesticideindustryandotherstoaddress the problem of pesticide resistance.These committees are based on the differentmajorpesticidegroups.So,forherbicidesthereis an Herbicide Resistance Action Committee(HRAC), an Insecticide Resistance ActionCommittee(IRAC)forinsecticides,aFungicideResistance Action Committee (FRAC) forfungicides,andsoon.Thesecommitteeshavestudied themodesof actionof the respectivepesticide families and developed a system tohelp growers and others better selectpesticides from different pesticide chemicalfamiliestoallowuserstoeffectivelyrotatethemodes of action and thus combat pesticideresistance in their pests. This information isnowappearingonpesticidelabels.Inadditionto the system developed by the respectiveActionResistanceCommittees,manypesticide


10

manufacturers are beginning to supplyinformation on resistance management ontheir labels in sections titled “ResistanceManagement”.Todate,genericpesticideproductstendnottohave as much information as brand namepesticideproducts.When you want to rotate modes of actionagainst your pests, first make sure thatwhatever pesticide you select is labeled foryour intended use. Next, look for a pesticidegroup number on the label, or a statementindicating the pesticide group. Using thesepesticide groupnumbers, youdonothave toknow or understand the complex modes ofactionof thesechemicals,youshouldselectaproduct(s)withadifferentgroupnumberthatis labeled for your pest management need.Examplesofgroupnumberswhentheyappearon pesticide labels are usually in the upperright‐handcornerofthelabel,looklikethis:

GROUP 4A INSECTICIDE

GROUP 3 HERBICIDE

GROUP 11 FUNGICIDE

PESTICIDEAPPLICATION

RECORDKEEPINGKatieMoore,PesticideSafetyCoordinator

CertifiedPrivateApplicatorsarerequiredtokeeprecordsoftheirapplicationsofRestrictedUse Pesticides (RUPs). This federalrequirementisadministeredbytheUSDAand

in South Carolina is enforced by theDepartmentofPesticideRegulation.Theinformation–“dataelements”–requiredtobekeptareminimal.PrivateApplicatorswilllikely want to record more information ontheirapplications,alltheirapplications,tohelpwith their present and future pestmanagement efforts. Good records help youtrouble‐shoot application problems andduplicatepestmanagementsuccesses.

The data elements required to be kept oneachRUPapplicationare: The brand/product/trade name of the

pesticide EPAproductRegistrationNumber Totalamountofpesticideproductapplied Sizeofareaorthenumberofunitstreated CroporSiteappliedto Actuallocationoftheapplication Dateofapplication:Month,Day,Year Certified applicator name and license

number

Recordsmustbemadewithin14daysofeachapplication of an RUP. Records must bemaintained for a minimum of two (2) yearsfromthedateoftheapplication.Spottreatments:Spotapplicationsaresmallapplicationswhichtotallessthan1/10thofanacre,andtheyaremadeinthesameday.Spot


11

applications do not apply to nurseries orgreenhouses.ForSpottreatments,youmustrecord: Dateofapplication‐month,day,year Brandorproductname EPARegistrationNumber Totalamountofpesticideapplied Location of the pesticide application,

designated as “spot application” with abriefdescription.

Recordkeepingtips:Record all three (3) identifiers for yourRUP.They’reallonthelabel! TheProductorBrand(Trade)name The Common Chemical name of the

activeingredients TheEPARegistrationNo.KeepadditionalinformationthatwillhelpYOUbetter achieve YOUR pest and pesticide

managementobjectives.Forinstance,amountof water used, spray pump pressure, boomheight, nozzle spacing tipused, tractor speedor rpms, other equipment settings, andweather information such as temperature,rainfallthe24hoursbeforeand24hoursafterthe application, wind speed (recorded at thesite of the application at the time of theapplication), notes on any applicationproblems, and any other information thatwouldbeusefultoyou.Youarerequiredtokeeprecordsofanyworkeror handler pesticide safety training youconduct or have conducted for your agemployees.


12

APPLICATIONRECORDKEEPINGREQUIREMENTSFORDICAMBATOLERANT/XTEND(DT)CROPSMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Applicatorsmustkeepthefollowingrecordsforaperiodoftwoyears,recordsmustbegeneratedwithin14daysofapplicationofaDICAMBAproductinaDTcrop,andarecordmustbekeptforeveryindividualapplication.RecordsmustbemadeavailabletoStatePesticideControlOfficial(s),USDA,andEPAuponrequest.ThefollowinginformationmustberecordedandkeptasrequiredbytheFederalPesticideRecordKeepingProgram,7CFRPart110(Formlocatedonpgxxx):1. Fullnameofcertifiedapplicator2. Certification number of certifiedapplicator3. Productname4. EPAregistrationnumber5. Totalamountapplied6. Applicationmonth,day,andyear7. Locationoftheapplication8. Crop or site receiving theapplication9. Sizeofthetreatedarea10. Training requirement*: Proof thatthe applicator completed a dicamba specifictrainingcourse.11. Application Timing: Whether theapplicatorappliedthisproductpreemergenceor, the number of days after planting ifapplicator applied this productpostemergence.12. Receipts of purchase: Receipts forthepurchaseofthisproduct.13. ProductLabel:Acopyoftheproductlabel(s),andanystatespeciallocalneedslabelthatsupplementsthislabel.14. Sensitive Crop Awareness:Document that the applicator checked anapplicable sensitive crop registry; ordocument that the applicator surveyedneighboring fields for any sensitive areas orsensitive crops prior to application. Atminimum, records must include the date ofapplicator consulted the speciality cropregistry or surveyed neighboring fields, andthenameof the speciality crop registry thatapplicatorconsulted.

15. Spray System Cleanout: Documentthat the applicator compliedwith the SpraySystemCleanoutsectionoftheproductlabel.Ataminimum,recordsmustincludethedatethe applicator performed the cleanout, andcleanoutmethodthattheapplicatorfollowed.16. Tank Mix Products: A list of allproducts (pesticides, adjuvants, and otherproducts)thattheapplicatortankmixedwiththisproductforeachapplication.IncludeEPAregistration numbers in the case of anypesticides.17. StartandFinishTimes:Thetimetheapplicatorbeginsandthetimetheapplicatorcompletesapplicationsoftheproduct.18. NozzleSelection:Whichspraynozzletheapplicatorusedtoapplythisproduct,andthe nozzle pressure the applicator set thesprayertoperform.19. Air Temperature: The airtemperature at boom height at the time theapplicator starts and finishes applicationsofthisproduct.20. WindSpeedandDirection:Thewindspeed at boom height at the time theapplicator starts and finishes applicationsofthis product, and the wind direction at thetime the applicator starts and finishesapplicationsofthisproduct.*TrainingRequirements:Priortoapplyingadicamba product in a DT crop, ALLAPPLICATORSmustattendadicambatrainingcourseprovidedbyClemsonExtensionandyourCountyAgent.


13

U.S.EPADICAMBARESTRICDEUSEPESTICIDEAPPLICATIONRECORDKEEPINGANDTRAININGREQUIREMENTFORM

Applicatorsmustkeepthefollowingrecordsforaperiodoftwoyears,recordsmustbegeneratedwithin14daysofapplicationofaDICAMBAproductinaDICAMBATOLERANTcrop,andarecordmustbekeptforeveryindividualapplication.RecordsmustbemadeavailabletoStatePesticideControlOfficial(s),USDA,andEPAuponrequest.ThefollowinginformationmustberecordedandkeptasrequiredbytheFederalPesticideRecordKeepingProgram,7CFRPart110:

FullNameofCertifiedApplicator ApplicatorName(ifdifferentfromCertifiedApplicator) StateCertification#

Pre‐Application

ProductName: EPAReg#

Ihavethepurchasereceipts(checkforyes)

Ihaveacopyoftheproductlabelandanystatespeciallocalneedslabels(checkforyes)

Dateofsensitivecropregistryconsultation: Registry: ‐OR‐Dateneighboringfieldsweresurveyedforsusceptiblecrops1: Dateofdicambatrainingcompletion2: Provider:

Application

DateofApplication: Crop: LocationoftheApplication:

Howwastheproductapplied? Preemergence Postemergence IfPostemergence,howmanydaysafterplanting?

SprayNozzleType: SprayPressure:

TankMixes

ProductName: EPAReg# ProductName: EPAReg#

(Listallpesticides,adjuvants,andotherproducts–EPAReg#onlyrequiredforpesticides)

Spraying

Conditions

Rate(flozs./A) x AcresTreated(A) = TotalAmountApplied(flozs./A)

StartTime: EndTime:

AirTemperature(atboomheight): F AirTemperature(atboomheight): F

WindSpeed(atboomheight): mph WindSpeed(atboomheight): mph

WindDirection WindDirection

Cleanout SprayerCleanoutProcedure

Date MethodofCleanout

BeforeApplication

AfterApplication


14

HONEYBEESTEWARDSHIPJenniferTsuruda,ExtensionApiculturist

Honeybeesareourmostbeneficialinsect.TheestimatedvalueofhoneybeepollinationintheUSis$19billion.ManycommerciallygrowncropsinSouthCarolinaareheavilydependentonhoneybeesfor good pollination. Annual farm cash receipts of crops harvested in South Carolina that aredependent on honey bees for pollination are estimated at $25 million. This does not includehomegrown vegetables and fruits and plants forwildlife that are highly dependent on bees forpollination.Someofthefruitsandvegetablesthatarehighlydependentonbeesforpollinationareapples,cantaloupes,cucumbers,squash,strawberries,andwatermelon.Useintegratedpestmanagementrecommendationswheneverpossibletominimizeharmfuleffectstoourbeneficialinsects.Manypesticidesareextremelytoxictobees.Thosepesticidesthataretoxicorhighly toxic tobeeswillhaveabeeprotectionwarningstatementon the label.Thepesticideapplicatorshouldalwaysreviewtheproductlabeldirectionscarefullybeforeeachuseandfollowtheguidelinestoprotectourpollinators,whichincludenativebeesaswellashoneybees.Keepinmindthatevenherbicidesandfungicidescanhavenegativeeffectsoninsectpollinatorsandcanhavesynergisticeffectswhencombinedwithotherpesticides.Itisnotonlytheformulationofthechemicalpesticidethatisimportant,applicatorsmustalsobeawareoftheproperdose.Pesticidesshouldbeusedonlywhennecessary,especiallyiffloweringplantsarepresentornearbyandareattractivetobees.Selecttheleasttoxicpesticidetogetthejobdone when possible and use the least hazardous method of application. Granular pesticideformulationsaresafest.Directedspraysappliedwithgroundequipmentarethenextsafestmethodforapplyingpesticidestoprotectbees.Aeriallyapplieddustsorspraysarethemostlikelytocontactbeesandcauseproblems.Applypesticideswhenairiscalmtoreducedriftintoareaswherebeesmaybeforagingornesting.Ifapesticideapplicationisnecessary,applyintheeveningwhenbeesarenotpresent.Ifmanagedbeecoloniesarepresent,itisbesttogivethebeekeeperplentyofnotice(3‐4daysifpossible)ofyourintentions.Thebeekeeperhastheoptiontorelocatetheirbeehivesifadjacentfieldsaretobesprayed.Iftherearemanybeehivesorhivesthatcannotbemovedonshortnotice,thebeekeepermaycovertheirbeehiveswithwetburlapfornolongerthan2days.Itwillbenecessaryforthebeekeepertospraycoveredhiveswithwaterandkeeptheburlapwet,especiallyinhotweather.Beekeepers are advised to cooperate with growers in the area to help protect bees and areencouragedtohaveacontractwiththelandowner.Beekeepersshouldscouttheareabeforebeecolonyplacement to gain a goodunderstanding of local farming practices, especially theuse ofhighlytoxicpesticides.Beekeepersareilladvisedtoplacetheircoloniesinhighpestdensityareas,as theymay requiremultiplepesticide applications.An example is cotton‐growing areaswherevarious pests are expected. Beekeepers should post their name and contact information in theapiary or on colonies for identification purposes. Information on the relative toxicities andenvironmentalimpactsofspecificpesticidestohoneybeesandnaturalenemiesmaybefoundatwww.ipm.ucdavis.eduandnysipm.cornell.edu/eiq.Mosquito abatement programs should take into consideration the protection of our insectpollinators.Manyofthepesticidesusedtokillmosquitoeswillalsokillhoneybees.Beekeepersare


15

urgedtocontactcountyofficialswhomanagemosquitoabatementprogramstoinformthemofthelocationoftheirapiaries,sotheirhoneybeescanbeprotected.ClemsonUniversityhasstartedabeestewardshipprogramtofacilitatecommunicationbetweenbeekeepersandpesticideapplicatorsandpreventaccidentalpoisoningofhoneybees.Beekeeperscanmaptheirhivelocationsandlicensedpesticideapplicatorscanaccessthisinformationwhentheyhaveanapplicationplanned.Theapplicatorcanthencontactthebeekeepersintheareaoravoidapplyingpesticidesnearthehives. Interested individuals frombothsidesof this issueareencouragedtoreadmoreabouttheprogramontheClemsonUniversityBeekeepingwebsite.Tosignup,pleaseusetheappropriatelinkbelow.Forpesticideapplicators:http://www.kellysolutions.com/clemson/pesticideapplicationnotifications/Forbeekeepers:http://www.kellysolutions.com/clemson/beekeepers/


16

MODEOFACTIONFORHERBICIDESMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

MODEOFACTION(MOA)FORHERBICIDEFAMILIESSiteofActionGroup

MOA ChemicalFamily(ies)

Howitkillstheplant ProductExamples

1 ACCaseInhibitors

Arloxyphenoxypropionate(FOPS)

Blocks the first step in fatty acid synthesis ingrasses, broadleaves are naturally resistant tothefopsanddimsduetoaninsensitiveACCaseenzyme.

FOPS:Assure II,FusiladeDX

Cyclohexanedione(DIMS)

DIMS:SelectMAX, PoastPlus

2 ALSInhibitors Sulfonylurea(SU) Blockstheproductionofbranchedchainaminoacids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) in theplant. Plant death occurs due to insufficientbranchedchainaminoacidlevelsatthegrowingpoints.

SU:Accent,Classic,Beacon

Imidazonlinone(IMI) IMI:Cadre,Raptor,Scepter

Pyrimidines(PM) PM:Staple

3 MicrotubuleProteinInhibitor

Dinitroaniline(DNA) Interferes with the alignment of the spindleapparatusduringmitosisandpreventsnormalcelldivisioninroottissue.

DNA:Prowl,Treflan,Sonolan

4 SyntheticAuxins

Phenoxy(PX) Synthetic auxins mimic the natural planthormoneIAA.Theseherbicidesaffectcellwallplasticity and nucleic acid metabolism whichleadstoinhibitedcelldivisionandgrowthinthemeristemregions(growingpoints).

PX:2,4‐D,2,4‐DB

BenzoicAcid(BA) BA:Clarity,Banvel,Status

CarboxylicAcid(CA) CA:Stinger,Milestone

5 PhotosystemIIInhibitor

Triazine(TZ) PS II herbicides inhibit photosynthesis bybindingtotheQB‐bindingsiteontheD1proteinof the photosystem II complex in thechloroplast. ItblockselectronflowfromQAtoQBandstopsCO2fixationandproductionofATPand NADPH2 which is the energy needed forplant growth and development. Plant deathoccursduetoexcessfreeradicalsdestroyingcellmembranes.

TZ:Atrazine,Simazine,Caparol

Triazinone(TN) TN:Sencor

6 Nitriles(NT) NT:Buctril

Benzothiadiazinones(BZ)

BZ:Basagran

7 Ureas(UR) UR:Lorox,Direx,Cotoran

8 FattyAcid/LipidBiosynthesisInhibitor

Thiocarbamate(TB) Mostsusceptibleplantsfailtoemergefromthesoil.Germinationisnotinhibitedbutgrowthofgrass coleoptiles/broadleaf epicotyls ceasesbelowsoilsurface

TB:Tillam

9 EPSPSynthaseInhibitor

Glycines(GC) Glycines inhibit EPSP synthase enzyme whichleads to the depletion of the aromatic aminoacidstryptophan,tyrosine,andphenylalanine.

GC:Glyphosate


17

MODEOFACTION(MOA)FORHERBICIDEFAMILIES(cont)SiteofActionGroup

MOA ChemicalFamily(ies)

Howitkillstheplant ProductExamples

10 GlutamineSynthesisInhibitor

PhosphinicAcids(PA)

Phosphinicacidsinhibittheactivityofglutamine synthetase which convertsglutamateandammoniatoglutamine.Accumulation of ammonia to lethallevelsdestroysplantcellsandtissue.

PA:Liberty

12 PhytoeneDesaturaseInhibitor

Pyridazinone(PZ) Pyridazinone inhibits the phytoenedesaturase enzyme in the carteniodbiosynthesispathwayIsoxazolidinone inhibits the 1‐deoxy‐D‐xyulose 5‐phosphate synthase(DOXP),akeycomponentintheplastidisoprenoidbiosynthesispathway.Pyrazoleand triketones inhibit the4‐hydroxyphenyl‐pyruvate dioxygenase(4‐HPPD) which affects carotenoidbiosynthesis.These herbicide families deplete thecarotenoid (accessory pigments inphotosynthesis) pool that protectschlorophyll in theplantwhichresultsinacharacteristicbleaching(white)oftheplanttissue.

PZ:Solicam,Zorial,Brake

13 DOXPsynthaseInhibitor

Isoxazolidinone(IA)

IA:Command

28 HPPDinhibitor

Pyrazole(PA) PA:Balance,Corvus

Triketone(TE) TE:Callisto,Impact,Laudis

14 PPOinhibitors

Diphenylether(DE)

These herbicides inhibit thephotoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO),an enzyme that is responsible forchlorophyll and heme biosynthesis.PPO inhibition leads to accumulationof PPIX (protoporphyrin IX) whichcreates free radicaloxygen in thecellanddestroyscellmembranes.

DE:Flexstar,Reflex,Blazer,Cobra

N‐phenylphthalimide

(NP)

NP:Resource,Valor

Arytriazinone(AT)

AT:Spartan,Aim,Cadet

15 VLFAinhibitors

Chloroacetamide(CA)

Acetamidesareherbicidesthatinhibitvery long chain fatty acid synthesis(VLFA) in shoot tissue duringgerminationofsensitiveplants.

CA:DualMagnum,Intrro,Warrant,Outlook,Parrlay,Zidua

22 PhotosystemIInhibitor

Bipyridyliums(BP)

Bipyridyliums are herbicides thatcaptureelectrons fromphotosystemIcomplex in the chloroplast and arereduced to form herbicide freeradicals. These free radicals destroycellmembranes.

BP:Gramoxone,Reward


18

CROPREPLANTGUIDELINESFOLLOWINGHERBICIDEAPPLICATIONMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

1Fieldcornmaybeplanted4monthsafterAuthorityMTZwasappliedat14oz/Aorless;2Grainsorghummaybeplanted12monthsafterAuthorityMTZwasappliedat20oz/Aorless;3Rotationis7dayswhenratesof10oz/AofAxiomorlesshavebeenapplied;otherwise,wait4monthstoplantwheat;4Clearfieldcorn,sunflower,andwheat;5Non‐Clearfieldcorn,sunflower,andwheat.

Corn

Cotton

Grain

Sorghum

Peanuts

Soybeans

Sunflow

er

Tobacco

Wheat

M=months,D=days,Spring=Thespringfollowingapplication,‐‐‐=noinformationAatrex 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring SpringAcuron 0D 10M 10M 10M 10M 18M 18M 4MAccent/Q 0D 10M 10M 10M 15D 10M 10M 4MAchieve 30D 106D 30D 106D 106D 106D 106D 30DAim 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 12M 0DAnthem 0D 4M 18M 4M 0D 4M 18M 4MAnthemATZ 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring SpringArmezon 0D 9M 9M 9M 9M 9M 18M 3MAssureII 120D 0D 120D 120D 0D 0D 120D 120DAuthorityMAXX 10M 12M 10M 9M 0D 18M 10M 4MAuthorityMTZ 10/41M 12M 18/122M 12M 0D 12M 12M 4MAxialXL 90D 90D 90D 90D 90D 90D 90D 0DAxiom 0D 8M 12M 12M 0D 12M 12M 7D/4M3BalanceFlexx 0D 10M 6M 11M 6M 6M 18M 4MBanvel 120D 120D 120D 120D 120D 120D 120D 120DBasagran ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐Beacon 14D 8M 8M 8M 8M 8M 8M 3MBeyond 0D4/8.5M5 9M 9M 9M 0D 0D4/9M5 9M 0D4/3M5BicepIIMagnum 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring SpringBoundary 4M 8M 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M 4.5MBrake≤16floz/A17‐21floz/A22‐32floz/A

10M12M18M

0D0D0D

10M12M18M

8M8M8M

2M4M12M

18M18M18M

18M18M18M

8M8M12M

Breakfree 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring 4MBreakfreeATZ 0D Spring Spring 15M Spring 15M 15M 15MBuctril 30D 30D 30D 30D 30D 30D 30D 30DBullet/Lariat 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring SpringCadet 0D Spring Spring Spring 0D Spring Spring SpringCadre 9M 18M 18M 0D 9M 26M 9M 4MCallisto 0D 10M 0D 10M 10M 10M 10M 120DCanopy 10M 10M 10M 8M 0D 18M 10M 4MCaparol Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring SpringCapreno 0D 10M 10M 11M 10M 18M 12M 4MCinch 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D Spring 4.5MCinchATZ 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring SpringClarity8floz/A16floz/A24floz/A25‐64floz/A

0D0D120D120D

21D120D120D120D

15D120D120D120D

120D120D120D120D

14D28D120D120D

120D120D120D120D

120D120D120D120D

15D30D45D120D

Classic 8M 7M 9M 6M 0D 18M 9M 3MCobra None None None None None None None None


19

CropReplantandRotationRestrictionsGuideforHerbicides(cont)

1DIREXUSEPATTERN1=BandedDIREXPreemergenceorPostemergenceapplicationonly;2DIREXUSEPATTERN2=BandedDIREXPreemergenceand Postemergence or Broadcast DIREX Preemergence (and preplant) or Broadcast DIREX preemergence plus Banded DIREX postemergenceapplications;3Xtendcotton/soybeanvarieties;4non‐Xtendcotton/soybeanvarieties;5Reducedtillageproduction;6Conventionaltillageproduction;7Afieldbioassaymustbeconductedforcropsnotlistedonthelabel.Toconductafieldbioassay,plantstripsofthecropyouwanttogrowtheseasonfollowingherbicideapplicationandmoniterforcropsafety;8STStolerantsoybeansonly.

Corn

Cotton

Grain

Sorghum

Peanuts

Soybeans

Sunflow

er

Tobacco

Wheat

M=months,D=days,Spring=Thespringfollowingapplication,‐‐‐=noinformationCommand 9M 0D 9M 9M 0D 12M 0D 12MCorvus 0D 10M 17M 11M 9M 17M 17M 4MCotoran 8M 0D 9M 8M 9M 12M 12M 3MCrusher 0D 1M 10M 1.5M 1M 10M 10M 3MDawn 10M 0D 18M 10M 0D 18M 18M 4MDefine 0D 4M 12M 12M 0D 12M 12M 12MDegree 0D Spring 0D Spring 0D Spring 0D SpringDegreeXtra 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring 4MDevrinol 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M 0D 180DDirex/DiuronUSEPATTERN11USEPATTERN22LAYBY

4MSpringSpring

4MSpringSpring

4MSpringSpring

4M12M12M

4M12M12M

4M12M12M

4M12M12M

4M12M12M

Distinct 30D 30D 30D 120D 30D 120D 120D 30DDual8E 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M Spring 4.5MDualMagnum 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M Spring 4.5MDualIIMagnum 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M Spring 4.5MEngenia≤6.4floz/A9.6floz/A12.8floz/A

000

03/21D403/28D403/42D4

14D21D28D

120D120D120D

03/14D403/21D403/28D4

120D120D120D

120D120D120D

14D21D28D

EnlistDuo 0D/7‐14D 0D/30D ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0D/30D ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐EnlistOne 0D/7‐14D 0D/30D ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0D/30D ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐Envive 8M 10M 12M 8M 0D 18M 10M 4MEnvoke 7M 7M 7M 7M 7M 18M 7M 3MET/ETX 0D 0D 30D 30D 0D 30D 30D 0DEvik 11M 11M 11M 11M 11M 11M 11M 3MExpert 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring SpringExpress 14D 14D 14D 45D 14D 45D 45D 0DFierce3.0oz/A3.75oz/A

7D5/1M630D

30D5/45D6

2M

18M18M

4M4M

0D0D

4M4M

18M18M

30D2M

Finesse 14M Spring7 Spring7 Spring7 6M8 Spring7 Spring7 4MFirestorm 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0DFirstRate 9M 9M 9M 9M 0D 30M 18M 4MFirstShot 14D 14D 14D 45D 7D 45D 45D 0DFlexstar 10M 0D 10M 10M 0D 18M 18M 4MFlexstarGT/GT3.5 10M 0D 10M 10M 0D 18M 18M 4MFulTimeNXT 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring 4MFusiladeDX 60D 0D 60D 0D 0D 0D 0D 60DFusion 60D 0D 60D 0D 0D 0D 0D 60DGangster 9M 9M 9M 9M 0D 30M 30M 3M


20


Corn

Cotton

Grain

Sorghum

Peanuts

Soybeans

Sunflow

er

Tobacco

Wheat

M=months,D=days,Spring=Thespringfollowingapplication,‐‐‐=noinformationGlyphosate 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 1M 0DGoal/GoalTender 10M 7D 10M 60D 7D 60D 60D 10MGramoxoneSL 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0DGuardsmanMax 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring 24M SpringHalexGT 0D 10M 0D 10M 10M 10M 10M 120DHarmonyExtra 21D 21D 21D 45D 14D 45D 45D 0DHarmonyGT/XP 0D 7D 0D 45D 0D 45D 45D 0DHornetWDG 0D 18M 12M 18M 10.5M 18M 18M 4MHuskie 9M Spring10 4M Spring 4M 9M Spring1 1MImpact 0D 9M 9M 9M 9M 9M 18M 3MImpactZ 0D 9M 9M 9M 9M 9M 18M 9MInstigate 0D 10M 10M 18M 10M 10M 18M 4MInterline 0D 0D 180D 180D 0D 180D 180D 70DIntrro ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐KeystoneNXT 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring 4MLaudis 0D 10M 10M 18M 8M 18M 18M 4MLaybyPro20‐0.6lbai0.61‐1.0lbai1.01‐1.6lbai1.61‐2.2lbai

4M4M4M8M

4M4M4M8M

4M4M4M8M

4M8M12M12M

4M8M8M12M

4M12M12M12M

4M8M8M12M

3M4M8M12M

Leadoff 0D 1M 10M 10M 1M 10M 10M 3MLiberty280SL 0D 0D 180D 180D 0D 180D 180D 70DLinex/Lorox 0D 0D 0D 4M 0D 4M 4M 4MLumax/Lexar 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring 18M 18M 4.5MMarksman 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring 24M 10MMCPA None None None None None None None NoneMicro‐Tech None None None None None None None NoneMSMA None None None None None None None NoneNIC‐IT 0D 10M 18M 18M 15D 10M 18M 8MNimble 21D 21D 21D 45D 14D 45D 45D 0DOptill 8.5M 18M 18M 4M 0‐1M3 18M 9.5M 4MOption 7D 60D 60D 60D 14D 60D 60D 60DOsprey 12M 90D 10M 90D 90D 30D 10M 7DOutlook 0D Spring Spring 0D 0D Spring Spring 4MParallelPCS 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M 12M Spring 4.5MParazone 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D 0DPeak 1M 10M 1M 10M 10M 22M 18M 0DPoast/PoastPlus 30D 0D 30D 0D 0D 30D 0D 30DPowerFlex/HL 9M 9M 9M 9M 5M 9M 12M 30DPrefix 10M 1M 18M 10M 0M 18M 18M 4.5MPrincep 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring 24M SpringProwl/ProwlH2O Spring 0D 10M 0D 0D 0D 0D 4M

1Afieldbioassaymustbeconductedforcropsnotlistedonthelabel.Toconductafieldbioassay,plantstripsofthecropyouwanttogrowtheseasonfollowingherbicideapplicationandmoniterforcropsafety;2CroprotationintervalsarebasedonthecumulativeamountofDIURONinLAYBYPROappliedtoasiteinthepreceding12months;3Usethelongerintervalwithintherangeslistedforcropsgrownoncoarsetexturedsoilswithorganicmatterlessthan2.0%.


21


Corn

Cotton

Grain

Sorghum

Peanuts

Soybeans

Sunflow

er

Tobacco

Wheat

M=months,D=days,Spring=Thespringfollowingapplication,‐‐‐=noinformationPursuit 8.5M 18M 18M 0D 0D 18M 9.5M 4MPython 0D 18M 12M 4M 0D 18M 9M 4MRaptor 8.5M 9M 9M 9M 0D 9M 9M 3MQuelex 3M 3M 3M 9M 3M 3M 15M 0DReflex 10M 0D 10M 10M 0D 18M 18M 4MRealmQ 0D 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 4MReportExtra 181M 18M 181/42M ‐‐‐ 63/181M ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 04/45MResicore 0D 18M 10.5M 18M 10.5M 18M 18M 4MResolveDF1.0oz/A2.0oz/A

0D0D

10M10M

10M18M

18M18M

10M10M

10M10M

18M18M

3M3M

ResolveQ/Q(mp)1.25oz/A2.5oz/A

0D0D

1M10M

10M18M

10M18M

10M10M

10M10M

10M18M

3M3M

ResolveSG1.0oz/A2.0oz/A

0D0D

1M10M

10M18M

18M18M

10M10M

10M10M

18M18M

4M4M

Resource 0D 30D 30D 30D 0D 30D 30D 30DRevulinQ 0D 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M 4MRhythm 8M 0D 18M 10M 0D 18M 18M 4MSandea 1M 4M 2M 6M 9M 18M 36M 2MScepter 9.5M 18M 11M 11M 0D 18M 9.5M 3MSentrallas 0D 120D 0D 120D 120D 120D 120D 0DSelect/SelectMAX None None None None None None None NoneSequence 0D 0D 0D 0D 0D Spring Spring 4.5MSharpen1.0oz/A2.0oz/A3.0oz/A

0D0D0D

1.5M3M4M

0D0D0D

4M5M6M

0‐1M61‐2M62‐3M6

4M5M6M

4M5M6M

0D0D0D

Solida1.0oz/A2.0oz/A

0D0D

1M10M

10M18M

18M18M

1M10M

10M10M

18M18M

3M4M

Sonalan Spring Spring Spring 0D 0D 0D Spring SpringSonic 10M 12‐18M7 12M 12M 0D 30M 30M 4MSpartan 10M 12M 10M 12D 0D 0D 0D 4MSpartanCharge 4M 12M 10M 4M 0D 0D 0D 4MStanza 0D 18M 12M 18M 10.5M 18M 18M 4MStapleLX 10M 0D 24M 10M 10M 10M 10M 6MStatus 7D 120D 120D 120D 120D 120D 120D 120DSteadfast 0D 10M 10M 18M 15D 10M 18M 4MSteadfastQ 0D 10M 10M 18M 15D 10M 18M 4MSteadfastATZ 10M 10M 10M 18M 10M 10M 18M 8MStinger 0D 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 0D

1Applicationratesabove0.4oz/A;followthe18‐monthrotationintervalforgrainsorghum,non‐STStolerantsoybeans,andfieldcorn;2Applicationrates0.2to0.4oz/A;followthe4‐monthrotationintervalforgrainsorghum;3Applicationrates0.2to0.5oz/A;followthe6‐monthrotationifplantingSTStolerantsoybeans;4Applicationrates0.2to0.4oz/A;nowaitingintervalforwheat;5Applicationrates0.5oz/A;followingthe4‐monthrotationintervalforwheat;6Usethelongerintervalwithintherangeslistedforreplantingsoybeans(i.e.,2monthsforcoarsetexturedsoilswithorganicmatterlessthan2.0%anda1monthforcoarsetexturedsoilswithorganicmattergreaterthanorequalto2.0%);7Cottonmaybeplantedafter12monthswhereSONICwasappliedatratesof5oz/Aorlessandmeetthefollowingconditions:medium/finesoils;pH<7.2;andrainfallorirrigationexceed15inchesafterapplication.


22


Corn

Cotton

Grain

Sorghum

Peanuts

Soybeans

Sunflow

er

Tobacco

Wheat

M=months,D=days,Spring=Thespringfollowingapplication,‐‐‐=noinformationStorm 100D 100D 100D 100D 100D 100D 100D 40DStout 0D 10M 10M 18M 15D 10M 18M 4MStrongarm 18M 10M 18M 0D 0D 30M 18M 4MSuprend 7M 7M 7M 7M 7M 18M 7M 3MSureStartII 0D 26M 12M 26M Spring 18M 26M 4MSurpass 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring 4MSurpassNXT 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring 4MSurveil 9M 9M 9M 9M 0D 30M 30M 3MSynchronyXP 7M 8M 9M 30M 0D 30M 9M 3MTillam None None None None None None None NoneTopNotch 0D Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring Spring 4MTreflan 5M 0D 5M 0D 0D 0D 5M 5MTrivence 10M 18M 18M 18M 0D 18M 18M 4MUltraBlazer 100D 100D 100D 0D 0D 100D 100D 40DValorSX/ValorEZ1.0oz/A1.5‐2.0oz/A2.1‐3.0oz/A

7‐30D17‐30D114‐30D1

7‐28D27‐28D22M

30D30D30D

0D0D0D

0D0D0D

30D30D2M

30D30D2M

30D30D2M

ValorXLTSoilpH<7.0SoilpH>7.0

10M18M

10M30M

10M18M

18M30M

0D0D

10M30D

10M18M

4M4M

Verdict10‐12oz/A13‐15oz/A

0D0D

SpringSpring

0D0D

SpringSpring

1M3‐2M42M3‐3M4

SpringSpring

SpringSpring

4M4M

Warrant 0D 0D 0D Spring 0D Spring Spring 4MWideMatch 0D 18M 12M 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 0DXtendimax/FexapanUpto33floz/A34‐88floz/A

15‐45D120D

0D5/15‐45D60D5/120D6

15‐30D120D

120D120D

0D5/15‐45D60D5/120D6

120D120D

120D120D

15‐45D120D

Yukon 30D 4M 2M 6M 9M 18M ‐‐‐‐ 2MWideMatch 0D 18M 12M 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 10.5M 0DZest 0D 10M 18M 10M 15D 11M 10M 4MZidua1.0oz/A2.0oz/A3.0oz/A4.0oz/A

0D0D0D0D

1M2M4M4M

6M6M10M12M

4M4M4M4M

0D0D0D4M

4M4M4M4M

18M18M18M18M

1M1M4M6M

ZiduaSC1.75floz/A3.25floz/A5.00floz/A6.50floz/A

0D0D0D0D

1M2M4M4M

6M6M10M12M

1M2M4M4M

0D0D0D4M

1M2M3M3M

18M18M18M18M

1M1M4M6M

ZiduaPRO 8.5M 18M 18M 4M 30D 18M 18M 4M2,4‐D Onlyreplantinthesamegrowingseasonwithcropsregisteredfor2,4‐Duse2,4‐DB Onlyreplantinthesamegrowingseasonwithcropsregisteredfor2,4‐DBuse

1Forcorn:Plantaminimumof14days(minimumorstrip‐till)or30daysafterVALORSX(conventionaltillagesystem);2Forcotton:AfterValorSX(2.0oz/Aorless)application,conductstriptilloperationaminimumof7daysbeforeplanting(regardlessofcropresiduelevels).Afterconductingstrip‐tilloperation,applyValorSXherbicideaminimumof28daysbeforeplanting(<30%cropresiduelevels)or21daysbeforeplanting(>30%cropresiduelevels);3Forcoarsetexturedsoilswithlessthan2%organicmatter;4Allothersoiltypes;5Xtendcottonorsoybeanvarietiesonly;6Non‐Xtendsoybeanandcottonvarieties.


23

WEEDCONTROLINFIELDCORNMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinFieldCorn

HerbicideRate/AcreBroadcast

ModeofAction PreharvestInterval

RestrictedEntryIntervalFormulation ActiveIngredient

BalanceFlexx2SC(isoxaflutole)

6.0floz 0.094lb

27

45days 12hours

Comments:BALANCEFLEXXisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyBALANCEFLEXXupto30daysbeforeplantingcorn.AddMSOat0.5galper100galorCOCat1.0galper100galofspraysolutionforweeds3inchesorlessinheight.BALANCEFLEXXmaybetankmixedwithPARAQUAT,GLYPHOSATE,or2,4‐Difweedsaregreaterthan3inchesinheight.Ifthewatertable(levelofsaturation)islessthan25feetbelowthegroundsurface,donotuseBALANCEFLEXXonsoilswherethesubsoilisloamysandorsand(i.e.,noclaysubsoil).Donotapplymorethan6.0flozBALANCEFLEXper365dayperiod.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).

Clarity/Banvel4S(dicamba)

8.0‐16oz 0.25‐0.5lb

4

‐‐‐ 24hours

Comments:Applyanytimepriortoplantingcorn.Use16oz/Arateonmediumtofinetexturesoilswith>2.5%organicmatter.Use8oz/Arateoncoarsetexturedsoilswithlessthan2.5%organicmatter.

Corvus2.63SC(thiencarbazone+isoxaflutole)

3.33floz 0.012lb

+0.031lb

227

45days 12hours

Comments:CORVUSisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyCORVUSupto30daysbeforeplantingcorn.AddMSOat0.5galper100galorCOCat1.0galper100galofspraysolutionforweeds6inchesorlessinheight.CORVUSmaybetankmixedwithPARAQUAT,GLYPHOSATE,or2,4‐Difweedsaregreaterthan6inchesinheight.Douseseedorsoil‐applied CHLORPYRIFOS, TERBUFOS, PHORATE, FONOPHOS, and other organophosphate or carbamateinsecticidesinthesameseasonasCORVUS.Ifthewatertable(levelofsaturation)islessthan25feetbelowthegroundsurface,donotuseCORVUSonsoilswherethesubsoilisloamysandorsand(i.e.,noclaysubsoil).Donotapplymorethan5.6floz/AofCORVUSper365dayperiod.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).

Direx4L(diuron)

0.5‐0.8qt 0.5‐0.8lb

7

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimefromfallthroughspringpriortoplantingcorn.Heavytexturedsoilswillrequirehigherapplicationrate.DIREX4Lmaybetankmixedwithotherburndownherbicides,consulttankmixpartnerlabelformoredetails.Plantcornatleast1.5”deepandmakesureseedslotisclosed.Donotapplymorethan1.6qt/AofDIREX4Lperyear.

ET0.208EC(pyraflufenethyl)

0.5‐2.0oz 0.0008‐0.003lb

14

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:FieldcornmaybeplantedanytimeafterETapplication.Forbestresult,applyETtobroadleafweedslessthan4inchestallorrosetteslessthan3inchesindiameter.Groundapplicationrequiresminimumof10gallons/A.


24

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinFieldCorn(cont.)


ModeofActionPreharvestInterval


Fierce76WDG(flumioxazin+pyroxasulfone)

3.0‐4.5oz 0.063‐0.094lb

+0.080‐0.120lb

1415

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIERCE7to30dayspriortoplantingfieldcorn.Donotapplymorethan4.5oz/AofFIERCEduringasinglegrowingseason.AddaCOCormethylatedseedoilat1to2pt/Aornon‐ionicsurfactantat0.25%v/v.Useonlyonno‐tillorminimumtillagefieldswherelastyear’scropresiduehasnotbeenincorporatedintothesoil.Donotuseonpopcorn,sweetcorn,orcorngrownforseed.TankmixpartnersincludeGLYPHOSATE,2,4‐DLVE,ATRAZINE,BASIS, EXPRESS, HORNET, PYTHON, RESOLVE, SIMAZINE, DICAMBA, PARAQUAT, or WEEDMASTER. Sprayequipment,includingmixingvesselsandnursetanks,mustbecleanedeachdayfollowingaFIERCEapplication.

KeystoneNXT5.6SC(acetochlor+atrazine)

1.4‐3.0qt 1.09‐2.33lb

+0.88‐1.88lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:KEYSTONENXTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyKEYSTONENXTupto45dayspriortoplantingfield corn;However, planting shouldbedoneas close aspossible to the timeof applicationofKEYSTONENXT toprovideeffectiveweedcontrolduringcriticalearlyseasoncorndevelopment.Forcontrolofemergedweedsatthetimeofapplication,tankmixKEYSTONENXTwithGLYPHOSATE,LIBERTY,BANVEL,CLARITY,2,4‐D,orGRAMOXONE.DonotapplyKEYSTONENXT(acetochlor)tothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3.8qtperofKEYSTONENXTperseason.

Liberty2802.34SL(glufosinate)Interline2.34SL

29‐36oz 0.53‐0.66lb

10

70days 12hours

Comments:Thoroughspraycoverageisessentialforoptimumperformance.Groundapplicationrequiresaminimumof15gallonsofwater/acre.Denseweedcanopiesrequire20to40gallonsperacre.Seelabelforfurtherapplicationinstructionsandtank‐mixpartners.

Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)3lbae/gal4.17lbae/gal4.5lbae/gal

32‐47oz23‐45oz22‐32oz

0.75‐1.13lbae

9 ‐‐‐ 4hours

Comments:Apply in 10‐20 gal ofwater 2 to 4weeks prior to your anticipated planting date to control existinggroundcover.Inmostfields,afollow‐upapplicationofPARAQUATwillbeneededatplanting.Consultproductlabeltodetermineifasurfactantisneeded.

2,4‐DLVE(various)

1.0‐2.0pt 0.5‐1.0lb

4

‐‐‐ 48hours

Comments:Apply7to14dayspriortoplantingfieldcorn.Donotuseonalight,sandysoil,orwheresoilmoistureislimitingweedgrowth.Veryeffectiveforcutleafeveningprimrosecontrol.Canbetank‐mixedwithotherburndownherbicides(seelabel).


25





GramoxoneSL2E(paraquat)Firestorm3SParazone3S

2.0‐4.0pt

1.3‐2.7pt

0.5‐1.0lb

22

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:GRAMOXONEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applyatplantingasafollow‐uptoanearlierapplicationofGLYPHOSATE.Providesbettercontrolofchickweed,henbit,purpledeadnettle,andcutleafeveningprimrosethanGLYPHOSATE.AddNISat1qtper100galofspraysolution.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.

Hornet68.5WDG(flumetsulam+clopyralid)Stanza68.5WDG

4.0‐5.0oz 0.046‐0.057lb

+0.125‐0.156lb

24

85days 48hours14

Comments:ApplyHORNETupto30daysbeforeplantingcorn.Ifweedsarepresentattimeofapplication,tankmixHORNETwithPARAQUAT,GLYPHOSATE,or2,4‐D.AddCOCorNISat1.0‐2.0qtper100galofspraysolution.Rainfastinterval=2hours.

Leadoff33.4DF(rimsulfuron+thifensufluron)

1.5‐2.7oz 0.0157‐0.0282lb

0.0157‐0.0282lb

22

‐‐‐ 4hours

Comments:ApplyLEADOFFanytimeafterharvestuntilrightbeforeplantingcorn.LEADOFFtankmixpartnersmayincludeGLYPHOSATE,PARAQUAT,2,4‐DLVE,DICAMBA,orGLUFOSINATE.NoadditionalsurfactantisneedediftankmixedwithGLYPHOSATEorLIBERTYwithabuilt‐inadjuvantsystem.Otherwise,addNISat1qtper100galorCOCat1galper100galorMSOat0.5galper100galofspraysolutionplusanammoniumnitrogenfertilizer(AMSat2lb/AorUANat2qt/A).Donotapplypostemergencetocorn.

Resicore3.29SC(acetochlor+mesotrione+clopyralid)

2.25‐2.5qt

1.58‐1.75lb

+0.17‐0.19lb

+0.11‐0.12lb

15274

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyRESICOREupto28daysbeforeplantingcorn.RESICOREshouldbetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE,PARAQUAT,GLUFOSINATE,and/or2,4‐Dforcontrolofexistingemergedweedsatthetimeofapplication.Donotapplymorethan3.25qtofRESICOREperacreperyear.DonotmakemorethantwoapplicationsofRESICOREperyear.DonotapplyRESICORE(acetochlor)tothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.


26





Sharpen2.85SC(saflufenacil)

2.0‐3.0floz 0.045‐0.067lb

14

80days 12hours

Comments:ApplySHARPEN14to30daysbeforeplantingcorn.ForoptimumSHARPENburndownactivity,addMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusammoniumnitrogenfertilizer(UANat1.25‐2.5galsper100galorAMSat8.5‐17 lbs/100 gals). SHARPENmaybe tankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE, CLARITY,ATRAZINE, STATUS,HARNESS,HARNESSXTRA,VERDICT,PROWLH2O,OUTLOOK,GUARDSMANMAX,andGUARDSMANMAXLITE.DonotapplySHARPENaftercornemergenceorseverecropinjurywilloccur.Donotapplymorethan6.0floz(0.134lbai/A)ofSHARPENpercroppingseason.DonotapplySHARPENwhereanat‐plantingapplicationofanorganophoshateorcarbamateinsecticideisplannedorhasoccurredorseverecropinjurymayoccur.However,SHARPENmaybeappliedwhenAZTECorFORTRESSinsecticidesifappliedatplantingasaBAND,T‐BAND,orIN‐FURROW.SHARPENmaybeappliedwithallotherclassesofat‐plantinginsecticidesincludingpyrethroids,neonictinoids,andfipronil.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

SureStartII4.25(acetochlor+flumetsulam+clopyralid)

1.5‐3.0pt 0.703‐1.406lb

+0.023‐0.046lb

+0.071‐0.142lb

1524

85days 12hours

Comments:ApplySURESTARTIIupto14daysbeforeplantingcorn.Forenhancedcontrolofemergedweedsatthetimeofburndownapplication,SURESTARTIImaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE,2,4‐D,LIBERTY,orGRAMOXONE.DonotapplySURESTARTII(acetochlor)tothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3pt/AofSURESTARTIIinasingleapplication.

ValorSX51WDG(flumioxazin)

2.0‐3.0oz 0.064‐0.096lb

14

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Apply14to30dayspriortoplantingfieldcorn.Donotapplymorethan3oz/AofVALORSXduringasinglegrowingseason.Donotirrigatewhencornisemergingtothe2‐leafstage.Donotuseonpopcorn,sweetcorn,orcorngrownforseed.Canbetank‐mixedwithotherburndownherbicides(seelabel).

Verdict5.57EC(saflufencil+dimethenamid‐p)

10‐15floz 0.045‐0.067lb

+0.391‐0.586lb

1415

80days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVERDICT14to30daysbeforeplantingcorn.ForoptimumVERDICTburndownactivity,addMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusammoniumnitrogenfertilizer(UANat1.25‐2.5galsper100galorAMSat8.5‐17lbs/100gals).VERDICTmaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE,CLARITY,ATRAZINE,STATUS,andSHARPEN.DonotapplyVERDICTaftercornemergenceorseverecropinjurywilloccur.Donotapplymorethan0.134lbai/Asaflufenacilfromallproductsourcespercroppingseason.Donotapplymorethan25flozofVERDICTpercroppingseason.DonotapplyVERDICTwhereanat‐plantingapplicationofanorganophoshateor carbamate insecticide isplannedor hasoccurredor severe crop injurymayoccur.However, VERDICTmaybe appliedwhenAZTEC2.1%granular,AZTEC4.67Ggranular,orFORTRESS5GgranularinsecticidesisappliedatplantingasaBAND,T‐BAND,orIN‐FURROW. VERDICT may be applied with all other classes of at‐planting insecticides including pyrethroids,neonictinoids,andfipronil.


27





Zidua0.85WG(pyroxasulfone)

1.5‐3.0oz 0.080‐0.16lb

15

‐‐ 12hours

Comments: Apply ZIDUA 15 to 45 days before planting corn. ZIDUA tank mix partners include ATRAZINE,GLYPHOSATE,LIGHTNING,OUTLOOK,PROWLH2O,SHARPEN,andSTATUS.Oncoarsetexturedsoils,donotapplymorethan2.75oz/AofZIDUA(0.142lbai/Aofpyroxasulfone)percroppingseason.Onallothersoiltypes,donotapplymorethan5.0oz/AofZIDUA(0.266lbai/Aofpyroxasulfone)percroppingseason.


28

WeedandCoverCropResponsetoBurndown/PreplantHerbicidesinFieldCorn1

ET2

Glyphosate2

Glyphosate+2,4‐D

2

Glyphosate+Atrazine2

Glyphosate+Clarity

2

Glyphosate+Direx

2

Glyphosate+Leadoff2

Glyphosate+Sharpen

2

Glyphosate+ValorSX2

Gramoxone2

Gramoxone+2,4‐D

2

Gramoxone+Clarity

2

Gramoxone+ValorSX2

Gramoxone+Direx

2

Liberty

2

barley,little F E E E E E E E E G G G G G G

bluegrass,annual G F F E F E E E E G G G G G P

buttercups G E E E E E E E E E E E E E E

chickweed,common G F G E GE GE E E E E E GE E E E

clovers P PF F F FG F G E F G G GE GE GE F

cudweed G E E E E E E E E FG FG FG FG FG G

dandelion P P E GE E GE E G G N E GE P GE FG

dock,curly P PF G G GE F F F G F FG GE P F G

eveningprimrose,cutleaf GE PF E E GE GE E E FG F E GE E GE G

geranium,Carolina GE FG E E E GE E E E GE E GE E E GE

henbit/deadnettle G F G E GE E E E E G GE E E GE G

horseweed(marestail) G E GE E E E GE E GE F GE E GE GE GE

mustard,wild G FG E GE G GE G E GE FG E G GE G GE

pansy,field G F F GE F G ‐‐‐ E F G G G G GE G

peanut,volunteer F F F F G F P GE FG P F GE F F GE

pepperweed,Virginia G G E GE GE GE E E G G GE G G GE G

radish,wild G FG GE GE GE GE G E GE G GE GE GE GE GE

ryegrass,Italian F G F GE F FG E E G FG FG FG FG G P

sorrel,red F E E E E E G G E E E E E E PF

spurry,corn G GE GE GE GE GE E E G FG G G G G ‐‐‐

swinecress G FG G G G G E E FG PF FG FG PF FG GE

vetch GE F E E E G E E FG G GE GE GE G GE

wheat/ryecovercrop P E E E E G E E E FG F F G G F

1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2HerbicideratesforburndownareAtrazineat1.0lb/A;ETat1.0oz/A;Glyphosateat0.75lbae/A(22oz/Aof4.5lbae/galor32oz/Aof3.0lbai/gal);2,4‐Dat1‐2pt/A;Clarityat8oz/A;Direxat1.6pt/A;Leadoffat1.5oz/A;Sharpenat1.0oz/A;Gramoxoneat3.0pt/A;ValorSXat2.0oz/A;andLibertyat29oz/A.


29

WeedResponsetoSoilAppliedPreemergenceHerbicidesforCornWeedManagement1

Acuron

Anthem

Anthem

ATZ

Atrazine(ATZ)

Acetochlor

Acetochlor+ATZ

Alachlor

Alachlor+ATZ

BalanceFlexx

Corvus

Dimethenam

id‐p

Hornet

anoda,spurred G ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Gbarnyardgrass FG E E G E E E E E E E Pbeggarweed,Florida G ‐‐‐ E E F P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P FG

bermudagrass P P P P P P P P P P P Pcitronmelon ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G P G P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐cocklebur,common G P GE GE P GE P GE F F P E

crabgrass E E E G E E E E E E E Pcowpea E P E E P E P E GE GE P Gcrotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ P GE GE P GE P GE GE GE P G

croton,tropic E P G G P G P G GE GE P Pcrowfootgrass E GE GE G E E E E E E E Pdayflower,Benghal GE GE GE F GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐

eclipta GE G GE GE ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐goosegrass E GE GE G E E E E E E E Pjimsonweed E ‐‐‐ E E P E P E E E P GE

johnsongrass,seedling E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P P P GE GE P Pjohnsongrass,rhizome P P P P P P P P P P P Plambsquarters,common ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E F E FG E G G F E

morningglory,annual G P G G P G P G F F P FGnutsedge,purple P P P P P P P P P P P Pnutsedge,yellow FG P P P F FG F FG P P FG P

panicum,fall E GE GE P E E E E GE GE E Ppanicum,Texas F F F P PF P PF PF F F PF P

pigweedALS‐resistantDNA‐resistant

EEE

GEGEGE

EEE

EEE

GGG

EEE

GGG

EEE

EEE

EEE

GGG

EEE

poinsettia,wild ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE P GE P GE G G P Gpurslane,common E ‐‐‐ E E G E G E G G G ‐‐‐pusley,Florida E G E E GE E GE E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE G

ragweed,common E ‐‐‐ E E P E P E GE GE P Gryegrass,annual ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Psandbur,field GE GE GE P FG FG FG FG F F FG P

senna,coffee GE ‐‐‐ FG FG P FG P FG G G P ‐‐‐sesbania,hemp GE ‐‐‐ FG FG P FG P FG G G P ‐‐‐sicklepod E F G G P G P G GE GE P FG

sida,prickly E ‐‐‐ E E P E P E G G F Esignalgrass,broadleaf GE FG FG P G G FG FG G G G Psmartweed,Pennsylvania GE P GE GE P GE P GE GE GE P G

spurge GE ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE GE GE ‐‐‐ Gstarbur,bristly GE ‐‐‐ GE GE PF GE P GE G G P Gvelvetleaf E P G G P G P G G G P E

vol.RRsoybean GE P GE E P GE P GE GE GE P Evol.peanut G P GE E P GE P GE GE GE P GE1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.


30

WeedResponsetoSoilAppliedPreemergenceHerbicidesforCornWeedManagement(cont)1

Instigate

Lumax/Lexar

S‐Metolachlor

S‐Metolachlor+ATZ

Princep

Prowl

Python

Resolve

Sharpen

SureStartII

Verdict

Zidua/ZiduaSC

anoda,spurred ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐barnyardgrass GE GE E E G GE P G P GE E Ebeggarweed,Florida ‐‐‐ E F E G ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P

bermudagrass P P P P P P P P P P P Pcitronmelon ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ Pcocklebur,common G GE P GE G P E G G GE G P

crabgrass GE GE E E G GE P G P GE E Pcowpea ‐‐‐ E P E G P G ‐‐‐ E E G Ecrotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ GE P GE G ‐‐‐ G G G GE P P

croton,tropic G G P G G P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐crowfootgrass GE E E E G E P G P E E Edayflower,Benghal ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F GE

eclipta G GE ‐‐‐ GE GE G G ‐‐‐ GE GE GE ‐‐‐goosegrass GE ‐‐‐ E E G E P F P E E GEjimsonweed GE E P E E P GE G G G G GE

johnsongrass,seedling GE F F F P E P F P P P GEjohnsongrass,rhizome P P P P P P P P P P P Plambsquarters,common G E G E E G E G E E E G

morningglory,annual FG G P G G P FG F G FG G Pnutsedge,purple P P P P P P P P P P P Pnutsedge,yellow P FG FG FG P P P P P P FG FG

panicum,fall GE GE E E G FG P G P E E GEpanicum,Texas GE PF PF P P PF P F P PF PF FG

pigweedALS‐resistantDNA‐resistant

GGG

EEE

GGG

EEE

EEE

FGFGP

EPE

FGPFG

EEE

EEE

EEE

GEGEGE

poinsettia,wild ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P GE G P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐purslane,common G G G E ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE G ‐‐‐pusley,Florida G ‐‐‐ GE E G E G ‐‐‐ F GE F G

ragweed,common G E PF E E P G F ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ryegrass,annual GE ‐‐‐ G G E FG P F P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Gsandbur,field GE FG FG FG G GE P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE

senna,coffee G ‐‐‐ P F ‐‐‐ P FG G ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐sesbania,hemp G ‐‐‐ P F ‐‐‐ P FG G ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐sicklepod GE G P G G P FG FG GE G GE F

sida,prickly ‐‐‐ FG P E E P E F G G F Gsignalgrass,broadleaf FG FG FG FG P GE P F P FG FG Gsmartweed,Pennsylvania G GE P GE G P G G G G P P

spurge G G ‐‐‐ GE G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE G Gstarbur,bristly ‐‐‐ G P GE GE P G ‐‐‐ P G P ‐‐‐velvetleaf GE G P G G P E F G E G P

vol.RRsoybean G G P GE G P P P ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ Pvol.peanut F G P GE G P P P ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ P1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.


31

ImportantGroundandSurfaceWaterConsiderationsRegardingtheUseofAtrazineandSimazineContainingHerbicideProducts.

ATRAZINEandSIMAZINEusersarestronglyencouragedtofollowlabelguidelines,discussedbelow,toshareintheresponsibilityofpreservingthefutureuseofATRAZINEandSIMAZINE.TheserestrictionsapplytoallformulationsofATRAZINEandSIMAZINE,andallpre‐mixpackageproductsthatcontainATRAZINEandSIMAZINE.ApplicationRateRestrictions:Forsoilsthatarenotdefinedashighlyerodible,themaximumuserateforATRAZINEis2.0lbai(activeingredient)peracreandforSIMAZINEis2.0lbaiperacreperseason.Forsoilsclassifiedashighlyerodible(asdefinedbyNRCS), Ifconservationtillage ispracticedwithat least30percentcropresiduecoverageatplanting,themaximumuserateis2.0lbaiperacreforATRAZINEandSIMAZINE.Ifcropresiduecoverageislessthan30percent,thenthemaximumrateforATRAZINEandSIMAZINEis1.6lbaiperacre.IfATRAZINEwasnotappliedpriortocornemergence,thenthetotalamountappliedshouldnotexceed2.0lbaiperacre.IfATRAZINEwasappliedtoafieldpreemergence,thenthetotalamountofATRAZINEshouldnotexceed2.5lbaiperacrepercalendaryear.ThetotalamountofSIMAZINEshouldnotexceed2.0lbaiperacrepercalendaryear.Setbacks:Operationsthatinvolvemixing,loading,rinsing,orwashingATRAZINEorSIMAZINEwithin50feetofwells(including abandoned wells, drainage wells, or sink holes), rivers, intermittent streams, lakes, or reservoirs isprohibited. This restriction does not apply to operations within a properly designed impervious pads and dikedmixing/loadingareas.ATRAZINEorSIMAZINEmustnotbeappliedaeriallyorbygroundequipmentwithin66feetofpointswherefieldsurfacewaterentersperennialorintermittentstreamsandriversorwithin200feetaroundnaturalorimpoundedlakesandreservoirs.IfATRAZINEorSIMAZINEisappliedtohighlyerodibleland,the66footbufferorsetbackfromrunoffentrypointsmustbeplantedtocrop,seededwithgrass,orothersuitablecrop.IfATRAZINEorSIMAZINEisappliedtotile‐terracedfieldscontainingstandpipes,thenusersareadvisedtofollowonethe following restrictions: 1) donot applyATRAZINEor SIMAZINEwithin66 feet of standpipes; 2)After applyingATRAZINEorSIMAZINEtotheentirefield,immediatelyincorporateittoadepthof2‐3inches;or3)ApplyATRAZINEorSIMAZINEtotheentirefieldunderconservationtillagepracticeswherehighcropresiduelevelsarepresent.ExamplesofHerbicideProductsthatContainAtrazineorSimazineTradeName ActiveIngredient(s) TradeName ActiveIngredient(s)Aatrex atrazine HarnessXtra acetochlor+atrazineBicepIIMagnum atrazine+s‐metolachlor Guardsman

MAXdimethenamid‐p+atrazine

BicepLiteIIMagnum

atrazine+s‐metolachlor Keystone acetochlor+atrazine

Bullet alachlor+atrazine Lariat alachlor+atrazineCinchATZ s‐metolachlor+atrazine Lumax s‐metolachlor+atrazine+

mestrioneDegreeXtra acetochlor+atrazine Marksman dicamba+atrazineExpert glyphosate+s‐metolachlor+

atrazinePrincep simazine

Fultime acetochlor+atrazine SteadfastATZ nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron+atrazine


32

ManagementofGlyphosate‐ResistantPalmerAmaranthinFieldCornPalmeramaranthpopulationshavebeendocumentedinSouthCarolinatoberesistanttoacetolactatesynthase(ALS)inhibitingherbicides(i.e.,Accent,Resolve,Steadfast,andOption)anddinitroaniline(yellow)herbicides(i.e.,Prowl),and glyphosate (i.e., Roundup,Touchdown). The following table is designed to aidproducers inmanaging and/orpreventingherbicide‐resistantPalmeramaranthpopulationsincorn.SeedProgram HerbicideProgram

PRE1 POST2 POST‐DIRECTED3

ConventionalHybrids

atrazine,Harness,BicepIIMagnum,CinchATZ,

Guardsman,Lexar,Corvus,Verdict,Sharpen,Bullet,Breakree,BalanceFlexx,

Acuron

dicamba,Status,2,4‐D,Impact,Laudis,Callisto,Capreno,atrazine,Armezon,BalanceFlexx,

Acuron

2,4‐D,Evik,Lorox,Status,

Clarity

NoPREapplied

dicamba,Laudis,Callisto,ImpactCorvus,Capreno,BalanceFlexx,Marksman,Buctril

+atrazine

Liberty‐LinkHybrids


Guardsman,Lexar,Corvus,Verdict,Sharpen,Bullet,Breakree,BalanceFlexx

Liberty+BanvelorClarity,Liberty+dicambaLiberty+2,4‐D

Liberty+ArmezonLiberty+Warrant 2,4‐D,

Evik,Lorox,Status,Clarity

NoPREapplied

Liberty+atrazine+CallistoLiberty+dicamba

Liberty+atrazine+LaudisLiberty+atrazine+ImpactLiberty+atrazine+Warrant

RoundupReadyHybrids


Guardsman,Lexar,Corvus,Verdict,Sharpen,Bullet,Breakree,BalanceFlexx

glyphosate+atrazineglyphosate+dicambaglyphosate+2,4‐D

glyphosate+Armezonglyphosate+Warrant

HalexGT 2,4‐D,Evik,Lorox,Status,

Clarity

NoPREapplied

glyphosate+s‐metolachlor+atrazineglyphosate+atrazine+Laudis

glyphosate+s‐metolachlor+Callistoglyphosate+atrazine+Impactglyphosate+atrazine+Warrant

HalexGT1PRE=Preemergence.Applytosoilsurfaceafteralltillageandplantinghasoccurred.2POST=Postemergence.Consultindividualproductlabelsforcornheightrestrictions,e.g.,atrazineappliedPOSTlimitedtocorn12inchestallorless.3Consultindividualproductlabelregardingspecificcornheightrestrictions.


33

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinFieldCorn

HerbicideRate/AcreBroadcast Modeof

ActionPreharvestInterval


Acuron3.44SC(s‐metolachlor+atrazine+mesotrione+bicyclopyrone)

2.5qt 1.34lb+

0.625lb+

0.15lb+

0.038lb

1552727

60days 24hours

Comments:ACURONisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Providesgoodtoexcellentcontrolofmostgrassandbroadleafweeds.TankmixpartnersincludeATRAZINE,PRINCEP,GLYPHOSATE,andWARRIOR.

Aatrex4SC(atrazine)

1.6‐2.0qt 1.6‐2.0lb

5

60days 12hours

Comments:ATRAZINEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Usetocontrolmostlybroadleafweedsandafewgrasses. TankmixwithACETOCHLOR, S‐METOLACHLOR,ALACHLOR, orDIMETHENAMID‐P for improvedgrasscontrol.

Acetochlor(Breakfree6.4ECHarness7EHarness20GSurpass6.4ECSurpassNXT7ECTopNotch3.2MEDegree3.8ME)

1.5‐2.5pt1.5‐3.0pt6.0‐10.0lb1.5‐2.5pt1.25‐2.25pt2.0‐3.0qt2.25‐4.25pt

1.2‐2.0lb1.3‐2.6lb1.2‐2.0lb1.2‐2.0lb1.1‐2.0lb1.6‐2.4lb1.1‐2.0lb

15 120days 12hours

Comments:HARNESSisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Controlsmostannualgrasses(exceptTexaspanicum)andsmall‐seededbroadleafweeds.ACETOCHLORcanbetank‐mixedwithATRAZINEforimprovedbroadleafweedcontrol.DonotapplyACETOCHLORtothefollowingsoilswithin150ft(50ftforSURPASS/NXT)ofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3lbaiACETOCHLORperacreperyear.

Alachlor(Micro‐Tech4ME)

2.0‐2.75qt

2.0‐2.75lb 15 None 12hours

Comments:MICRO‐TECH isaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Controlssmall seededannualgrasses (exceptTexaspanicum)andbroadleafweeds.

Anthem2.15EC(pyroxasulfone+fluthiacet‐methyl)

5.0‐10.0floz 0.082‐0.163lb

+0.003‐0.005lb

1514

70days 12hours

Comments:Providessmallseededgrassandbroadleafweedcontrol.Applicationrateisbasedonsoiltexture:coarsetextured5.0‐8.0floz/A;mediumtextured6.5‐10.0floz/A.TankmixwithATRAZINE,BALANCE,orHORNETforcontrolofadditionalweedspecies.


34

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinFieldCorn(cont)

Herbicide

Rate/AcreBroadcastModeofAction

PreharvestInterval

RestrictedEntryInterval

Formulation ActiveIngredient

AnthemATZ4.505SC(atrazine+pyroxasulfone+fluthiacet‐methyl)

1.75‐2.5pt 0.88‐1.25lb

+0.106‐0.152

lb+

0.003‐0.004lb

51514

60days 12hours

Comments:ANTHEMATZisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applicationrateisbasedonsoiltexture:coarsetextured1.75‐2pt/A;mediumtextured2.0‐2.5pt/A.Providessmallseededgrassandbroadleafweedcontrol.TankmixwithATRAZINE,BALANCE,orHORNETforcontrolofadditionalweedspecies.

BalanceFlexx2SC(isoxaflutole)+atrazine4SC

6.0floz+

1.5qt

0.094lb

+1.5lb

275

45days 12hours

Comments: BALANCE FLEXX is a RESTRICTEDUSE PESTICIDE. Apply BALANCE FLEXX during planting(behindtheplanterafterfurrowclosure)orafterplanting,butbeforeweedsemerge.Failuretothoroughlycloseandfirmtheseedfurrowmayallowherbicidetodirectlycontactseedwhichcancauseinjury.Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.Add1.5lb/AATRAZINEtoenhanceresidualcontrolofweeds.If thewatertable(levelofsaturation) is lessthan25feetbelowthegroundsurface,donotuseBALANCEFLEXXonsoilswherethesubsoilisloamysandorsand(i.e.,noclaysubsoil).

BicepIIMagnum5.5SC(s‐metolachlor+atrazine)

1.3‐2.1qt

0.78‐1.27lb

+1.0‐1.63lb

155

60days 24hours

Comments:BICEPIIMAGNUMisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applicationuserateisbasedonsoiltexture:Sandysoils=1.3‐1.6qt/A,Mediumtexturedsoils=1.6‐2.1qt/A.Usehigherrateforeachsoiltypeifapplyinginareducedtillagesystem.Availableasapre‐mixwithglyphosate(EXPERT).

BreakfreeATZ5.25SC(acetochlor+atrazine)

2.2‐2.8qt

1.65‐2.1lb

+1.24‐1.58lb

156

60days 12hours

Comments:BREAKFREEATZisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applicationuserateisbasedonsoiltextureandorganicmattercontent:Sandysoils=2.2‐2.6qt/A,mediumtexturedsoils=2.4‐2.8qt/A.Usehigherrateforeachsoiltextureifapplyinginareducedtillagesystem.DonotapplyBREAKFREEATZtothefollowingsoilswithin150ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3lbaiACETOCHLORperacreperyear.DonotapplyACETOCHLORthroughanyirrigationsystemorusingaerialapplicationequipment.


35





Bullet4MELariat4EC(alachlor+atrazine)

2.5‐3.75qt

1.56‐2.34lb+

0.94‐1.41lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:BULLETandLARIATareRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDES.Applicationrateisbasedonsoiltypeandorganicmatter:Sandysoils=2.5‐3.0qt/A,mediumtexturedsoils=3.0‐3.75qt/A.Usehigherrateforeachsoiltypeifapplyinginareducedtillagesystem.

Corvus2.63SC(thiencarbazone+isoxaflutole)+atrazine4SC

3.33floz+

1.0qt

0.012lb

+0.049lb

+1.0lb

2275

45days 12hours

Comments:CORVUSisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyCORVUSduringplanting(behindtheplanterafterfurrowclosure)orafterplanting,butbeforeweedsemerge.Failuretothoroughlycloseandfirmtheseedfurrowrowmayallowherbicidetodirectlycontactseedwhichcancauseinjury.Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth,sicklepod,andpricklysida.Add1.0lb/AATRAZINEtoenhanceresidualcontrolofweeds. If thewater table (levelof saturation) is less than25 feetbelowthegroundsurface,donotuseCORVUSonsoilswherethesubsoilisloamysandorsand(i.e.,noclaysubsoil).

CinchATZ5.5SC(s‐metolachlor+atrazine)

2.6‐3.2pt

0.78‐0.96lb

+1.0‐1.24lb

155

60days 24hours

Comments:CINCHATZisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applicationrateisbasedonsoiltype:Sandysoils=2.6pt/A,mediumtexturedsoils=3.2pt/A.Usehigherrateforeachsoiltypeifapplyinginareducedtillagesystem.

Dimethenamid‐p(Outlook6EC)

10‐16oz

0.47‐0.75lb 15 40days 12hours

Comments: Controls most annual grasses (except Texas panicum) and some broadleaf weeds.DIMETHENAMID‐Pmaybetank‐mixedwithATRAZINEorSIMAZINE.

FulTimeNXT4.04SC(acetochlor+atrazine)

2.0‐3.7qt 1.35‐2.50lb

0.67‐1.24lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:FULTIMENXTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.TheapplicationrateofFULTIMENXTisbasedonorganicmattercontentofthesoil:Forsoilswithlessthan1.5%organicmatter,applicationraterangeis2.0‐2.9qt/A.Forsoilswith1.5%organicmatterormore,theapplicationraterangeis2.3‐3.7qt/A.Useonlyonsorghumseedtreatedwithasafener.DonotapplyFULTIMEtothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3lbaiACETOCHLORperacreperyear.


36





Hornet68.5WDG(flumetsulam+clopyralid)Stanza68.5WDG

4.0‐5.0oz 0.046‐0.057lb

+0.125‐0.156lb

24

85days 48hours

Comments:ApplyHORNETatthetimeofplantingorafterplanting,butpriortocroporweedemergence.Cornmustbeplantedaminimumof1.5inchesdeep.ApplicationofHORNETWDGorSTANZAonsoilswithlessthan1.5%organicmattermayresultincropinjury.SoilappliedorganophosphateinsecticidesshouldbeappliedinaT‐bandorabandtoavoidpotentialcropinjury.DonotapplyHORNETWDGorSTANZAifCOUNTER(terbufos)orTHIMET(phorate)insecticideswereappliedpreviously.OthercorninsecticidesshouldbeappliedinaT‐bandtoavoidinjury.Donotplantcottonwithin18monthsofapplication.

Instigate45.8WDG(rimsulfuron+mesotrione)

6.0oz 0.034lb

+0.34lb

227

None 12hours

Comments:ApplyINSTIGATEaftercornplantingbutbeforecropemergence.SeedfurrowmustbefirmlyclosedsothatINSTIGATEspraydoesnotcontacttheseed.Donotapplymorethan0.0625lbaiofRIMSULFURON(i.e.,fromLEADOFF,PREQUEL,REALMQ,orSTEADFASTQ)duringthecropyear.DonotapplyCOUNTER(terbufos)within60daysofapreemergenceorpreplantapplicationofINSTIGATE.DonotapplyINSTIGATEpreemergencetocoarse‐texturedsoils(sand,loamysand,orsandyloam)withlessthan1%organicmatter.INSTIGATEmaybetankmixedwithATRAZINE,GLYPHOSATE,DICAMBA,2,4‐D,CINCH,orBREAKFREE.


1.4‐3.0qt 1.09‐2.33lb

+0.88‐1.88lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:KEYSTONENXTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyKEYSTONENXTafterplanting(oraftercornemergenceupto11 inches inheight).Plantingshouldbedoneascloseaspossible to the timeofapplicationofKEYSTONENXTtoprovideeffectiveweedcontrolduringcriticalearlyseasoncorndevelopment.Donotapplymorethan3.8qtperofKEYSTONENXTperseason.KEYSTONENXTmaybetankmixedwithAIM,ATRAZINE,BALANCEPRO,BALANCEFLEXX,BANVEL,CALLISTO,CALLISTOXTRA,CLARITY,DISTINCT,DURANGODMA,HORNETWDG,LINEX4L,LOROXDF,MARKSMAN,PRINCEP,PYTHONWDG,RESOURCE,or2,4‐D.

Lexar3.7SC(s‐metolachlor+mesotrione+atrazine)

3.0qt 1.31lb+

0.17lb+

1.31lb

15275

60days 24hours

Comments:LEXARisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyLEXARafterplanting(oraftercornemergenceupto12inchesinheight).Donotapplymorethan3.5qtperacreofLEXARperseason.LEXARmaybetankmixedwith2,4‐D, ATRAZINE, PRINCEP, GRAMOXONE, GLYPHOSATE, LIBERTY, and WARRIOR. Conduct a tank mixcompatabilitytesteachtime2,4‐DisaddedtothetankmixturewithLEXAR.TemporarycorninjurymayoccurifLEXAR is applied to emerged corn that has received an at‐plant application of an organophosphate insecticide(except COUNTER). Do not make a postemergence application of LEXAR to emerged corn with anyorganophosphateorcarbamateinsecticide,orseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonotapplyasoloHPPDinhibitorpostemergence(i.e.,CALLISTO,IMPACT,orLAUDIS)togroundthathasbeentreatedwithLEXARinthesameseason.


37





Lumax3.95SC(s‐metolachlor+mesotrione+atrazine)

2.5qt 1.68lb+

0.17lb+

0.63lb

15275

60days 24hours

Comments:LUMAXisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyLUMAXafterplanting(oraftercornemergenceupto12inchesinheight).Donotapplymorethan3.0qtperacreofLUMAXperseason.LUMAXmaybetankmixedwithATRAZINE,PRINCEP,GRAMOXONE,GLYPHOSATE,LIBERTY,andWARRIOR.Tankmixeswith2,4‐Dareallowedbutshouldbedonewithextremecarewithregardtocompatabilitybeforemixingaload.2,4‐Dbatchesvarygreatlyandshouldbetestedforcompatabilityeachtimeawaterorcarriersource,waterorcarriertemperature,productsource,ortankmixturerecipeischanged.

ProwlH2O3.8CS(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3EC

1.55‐3.13pt

1.8‐3.6pt

0.74‐1.49lb

0.74‐1.49lb

3

21days 24hours

Comments:Donotapplypendimethalinpreplantincorporatedorseriouscorninjurymayresult.Plantcornatleast1.5in.deep.Cornseedmustbecompletelycoveredwithsoil.Applyafterplantingbeforeemergenceofweeds.Usethehigherratesonfine‐texturedsoils.Incaseofstandfailure,cornseedshouldbereplantedbelowtheherbicidetreatedzone.AddATRAZINEat1.0to2.0qt/Aforcontrolofbroadleafweeds.

Python80WDG(flumetsulam)

1.0oz 0.05lb

2

85days 12hours

Comments:ForareaswhereATRAZINEcannotbeusedorinfieldspronetofloodingwheresoybeansmaybere‐planted. Plant cornat least1.5"deep.Mixwithapreemergencegrassherbicideandapplyon the surface. SoilappliedorganophosphateinsecticidesshouldbeappliedinaT‐bandorabandtoavoidpotentialcropinjury.DonotapplyPYTHON ifCOUNTERorTHIMET insecticideswereappliedpreviously.Othercorn insecticides shouldbeappliedinaT‐bandtoavoidinjury.Donotplantcottonwithin18monthsofapplication.


2.25‐2.5qt

1.58‐1.75lb

+0.17‐0.19lb

+0.11‐0.12lb

15274

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: Apply RESICORE after planting corn into a clean seedbed. RESICORE may be tank mixed withATRAZINEforenhanceresidualbroadleafweedactivity.Donotapplymorethan3.25qtofRESICOREperacreperyear.DonotmakemorethantwoapplicationsofRESICOREperyear.DonotapplyRESICORE(acetochlor)tothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwater is30feetor less:sandswith lessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.

Resolve25DF(rimsulfuron)

0.5‐2.0oz 0.008‐0.031lb

2

30days 4hours

Comments:Controlsmostannualgrassesandbroadleavesincludingbroadleafsignalgrass.Forcontrolofemergedweedsatthetimeofapplication,addNISat1qt/100galorCOCat1gal/100galofspraysolutionplus2qt/AofUAN(28‐32%N)or2lb/AofspraygradeAMS.


38





(s)‐metolachlor

(Dual8E/IIDual25G/IIGMag.DualMag.7.62ECDualIIMag.7.64ECCinch7.64EC)

1.5‐2.0pt6.0‐8.0lb1.0‐1.33pt1.0‐1.33pt1.0‐1.33pt

1.5‐2.0lb1.5‐2.0lb0.96‐1.27lb0.96‐1.27lb0.96‐1.27lb

15 30days 24hours

Comments:METOLACHLORandS‐METOLACHLORcanbetankmixedwithATRAZINE.GenericformulationsofMETOLACHLORarealsoavailable.DUALIIandDUALIIMAGNUMcontainasafenerthathelpsreducethepossibilityofinjuryfromS‐METOLACHLORapplications.


2.0‐3.0floz 0.045‐0.067lb

14

80days 12hours

Comments:ApplySHARPENafterplantingbutbeforecropemergence.Forcontrolofweedsthatareemergedattimeofplanting,addMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusammoniumnitrogenfertilizer(UANat1.25‐2.5galsper100galorAMSat8.5‐17lbs/100gals).SHARPENmaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE,CLARITY,ATRAZINE,STATUS,HARNESS,HARNESSXTRA,VERDICT,PROWLH2O,OUTLOOK,GUARDSMANMAX,andGUARDSMANMAXLITE.DonotapplySHARPENaftercornemergenceorseverecropinjurywilloccur.Donotapplymorethan6.0floz(0.134lbai/Aofsaflufenacil)ofSHARPENpercroppingseason.DonotapplySHARPENwhereanat‐plantingapplicationofanorganophoshateorcarbamateinsecticideisplannedor has occurred or severe crop injury may occur. However, SHARPEN may be applied when AZTEC orFORTRESSinsecticidesifappliedatplantingasaBAND,T‐BAND,orIN‐FURROW.SHARPENmaybeappliedwithallotherclassesofat‐plantinginsecticidesincludingpyrethroids,neonictinoids,andfipronil.


1.5‐3.0pt 0.703‐1.406lb

+0.023‐0.046lb

+0.071‐0.142lb

1524

85days 12hours

Comments: SURESTARTIIisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplySURESTARTIIafterplanting(oraftercrop emergence up to 11 inches in height) into a clean seedbed. Plant corn at least 1.5” deep. Use ofSURESTARTIIonsoilswithlessthan1.5%organicmattermayresultincropinjury.IfanALSherbicidesuchasCANOPY,CLASSIC,PURSUIT,SCEPTER,orSQUADRONwasappliedinthepreviousyear,applySURESTARTIItocornonlyiftherotationalrestrictionshavebeenmet.Extendedcold,wetconditionsfollowingapplicationofSURESTARTIItocornduringgerminationandearlycropdevelopmentmayresultincropinjury.Injurysymptomsincludingyellowingleavesorstuntingareusuallytemporaryandplantsrecoverwithoutaffectingyield.Soilappliedorganophosphateinsecticides(exceptTERBUFOSorPHORATE)mustbeappliedinaT‐bandorabandandnot in‐furrowtoavoidpotentialcrop injury.DonotuseCOUNTER(TERBUFOS)orTHIMET(PHORATE) insecticides. Other corn soil insecticides from other classes of chemistrymay be applied in‐furrow,T‐banded,orbanded.DonotapplySURESTARTII(acetochlor)tothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3pt/AofSURESTARTIIinasingleapplication.Donotplantcottonwithin18monthsofapplication.


39





Verdict5.57EC(saflufencil+ dimethenamid‐p)

10‐15floz 0.045‐0.067lb

+0.391‐0.586lb

1415

80days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVERDICTaftercornplantingbutbeforecropemergence.Ifweedsarepresentatplanting,addMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusammoniumnitrogenfertilizer(UANat1.25‐2.5galsper100galorAMSat8.5‐17lbs/100gals).VERDICTmaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE,CLARITY,ATRAZINE,STATUS,andSHARPEN.DonotapplyVERDICTaftercornemergenceorseverecropinjurywilloccur.Donotapplymorethan0.134lbai/Asaflufenacilfromallproductsourcespercroppingseason.Donotapplymorethan25flozofVERDICTpercroppingseason.DonotapplyVERDICTwhereanat‐plantingapplicationofanorganophoshate or carbamate insecticide is planned or has occurred or severe crop injury may occur.However,VERDICTmaybeappliedwhenAZTEC2.1%granular,AZTEC4.67Ggranular,orFORTRESS5GgranularinsecticidesisappliedatplantingasaBAND,T‐BAND,orIN‐FURROW.VERDICTmaybeappliedwithallotherclassesofat‐plantinginsecticidesincludingpyrethroids,neonictinoids,andfipronil.

Warrant3.0ME(acetochlor)

1.5‐2.75qt 1.125‐2.063lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyWARRANTaftercornplantingbutbeforeweedsgerminate.Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededbroadleavesandgrasses.TheoptimumrateofWARRANTis3pt/A.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.LabeledtankmixpartnersincludeAIM,BALANCEPRO,BALANCEFLEXX,CALLISTO,CLARITY, DISTINCT, GLYPHOSATE, LINEX 4L, LOROX DF, MARKSMAN, PRINCEP, RESOURCE, 2,4‐D,ATRAZINE,andPARAQUAT.DonotapplyACETOCHLORwithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandy loamswith less than1%organicmatter.ApplicationofWARRANTfollowedbypoorenvironmentalconditions (coolwet soils and/orwaterlogged soils)may result in crop response. Do not useWARRANTpreplant,at‐planting,orpreemergencetosweetcorn.

Zidua0.85WG(pyroxasulfone)ZiduaSC4.17SC

1.5‐3.0oz

2.5‐5.0floz

0.080‐0.16lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyZIDUAafterplantingcornbutbeforecropemergence.Cornseedmustbeplantedatleast1inchdeep.ZIDUAtankmixpartnersincludeATRAZINE,GLYPHOSATE,LIGHTNING,OUTLOOK,PROWLH2O,SHARPEN,andSTATUS.Oncoarsetexturedsoils,donotapplymorethan2.75oz/AofZIDUAor4.5floz/AofZIDUASCpercroppingseason.Onallothersoiltypes,donotapplymorethan5.0oz/AofZIDUAor8.25floz/AofZIDUASCpercroppingseason.


40

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceHerbicidesforFieldCornWeedManagement1 POSTEMERGENCE

Acuron

Accent/NIC‐IT

Aim

Atrazine(ATZ)

BalanceFlexx

Basagran

Banvel/Clarity

Beacon

Buctril

Cadet

Callisto

Capreno

Corvus

Distinct/Status

Expert2

Glyphosate2

HalexGT2

Impact/Arm

ezon

Keystone/Fultime4

Laudis

Liberty

3

anoda,spurred G FG P E ‐‐‐ P GE F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE E GE GE ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ Gbarnyardgrass FG GE P GE GE G P P P G G GE E P E E E GE GE GE Gbeggarweed,Florida G G F G GE P G GE G G G GE GE GE E E E G G GE GE

bermudagrass P P P P P P P P P P P P P P F F F P P P Pcitronmelon ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG E GE P E ‐‐‐ G FG G GE GE E E E E ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ Ecocklebur,common G F G E G E E GE E G E E G E E E E E E E E

cowpea GE ‐‐‐ FG G GE P E ‐‐‐ FG FG GE GE GE E G G GE GE G GE Gcrabgrass E GE P G G P P P P P P GE G P E E E P G P Gcrotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F GE GE P G ‐‐‐ G G ‐‐‐ GE GE GE G E E GE GE GE G

croton,tropic E ‐‐‐ G G G GE GE ‐‐‐ FG G P G G GE G G G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ Gcrowfootgrass E E P G GE P P P P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P E E E P G P Gdayflower,Benghal F ‐‐‐ GE P ‐‐‐ FG P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ PF

eclipta GE ‐‐‐ FG GE GE FG G ‐‐‐ G FG G GE GE GE E E E GE ‐‐‐ GE Ggoosegrass E E P G GE P P P P P P E G P E E E P G P Gjimsonweed E FG G E E E E E E G E E E E E GE GE GE E GE G

johnsongrass,seedling E E P F G P P E P P P E G F E E E P F P GEjohnsongrass,rhizome P GE P P P P P G P P P P P P E E E P P P Flambsquarters,common GE P GE E GE FG E PF G G E GE GE E E E E GE E GE E

morningglory,annual G F E G G P E PF G G GE GE G E FG FG GE GE G GE Enutsedge,purple P P P P F P P P P P F F F P G G G P P P Pnutsedge,yellow FG P P PF F G P PF P P F F F P FG FG FG P PF P P

panicum,fall E G P G G P P G P P P E G F E E E P G P Gpanicum,Texas F GE P F FG P P PF P P P GE F P E E E P F P F

pigweedglyphosate‐resistantALS‐resistant

EEE

GEGEP

GGG

EEE

EEE

PPP

GEGEGE

GEGEP

GGG

GGG

EEE

GEGEGE

EEE

EEE

EGE

EPE

EEE

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

FGFGFG

poinsettia,wild ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐purslane,common E ‐‐‐ G E ‐‐‐ P E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E G G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Gpusley,Florida E P FG G ‐‐‐ P G GE E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ G P P P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ FG

ragweed,common E P F GE ‐‐‐ G E ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ F E ‐‐‐ E E GE GE F GE GE Eryegrass,annual P GE P FG GE P P FG F F P GE GE P E E E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F FGsandbur,field GE E P F G P P PF P P P E F P GE GE GE P F P G

senna,coffee GE FG P FG ‐‐‐ P E FG F ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE GE GE ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ Gsesbania,hemp GE PF F FG GE P E P G G P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E F F F G ‐‐‐ G GEsicklepod E PF P P GE P GE GE P G P P GE GE E E E GE G P E

sida,prickly E P F GE G G G G F G P G G GE E G G ‐‐‐ GE E GEsignalgrass,broadleaf GE GE P F P P P P P P P GE ‐‐‐ P GE GE GE P F P Gsmartweed,Pennsylvania GE G G G ‐‐‐ E E G GE ‐‐‐ G GE ‐‐‐ E G G G GE G GE E

spurge GE ‐‐‐ FG GE GE F G G GE G G GE GE GE E E E GE FG G Gstarbur,bristly GE ‐‐‐ P E ‐‐‐ E E ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE E GE E ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ Gvelvetleaf E F E G E GE FG PF G F GE E E GE G G GE GE G GE GE

vol.peanut FG G P G GE P G F P P P GE GE GE G G G GE G GE Evol.RRsoybean GE G P E E P E P F P G GE E GE E P G GE E GE G1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Useonlyonglyphosate‐tolerant(RoundupReady,RoundupReady2,AgrisureGT)cornhybrids.3UseonlyonLibertyLinkcornhybrids.4Forcontroloflistedweeds,theseherbicidesmustbeappliedpriortoweedemergenceortankmixedwithafoliaractiveherbicide.


41

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceHerbicidesforFieldCornWeedMgmt(cont)1 POSTEMERGENCE POSTEMERGENCE‐DIRECTED

Marksm

an

Option

Prowl4

Pursuit2

RealmQ

Resolve

ResolveQ

RevulinQ

Sandea

Sequence

3

Steadfast/Q

SteadfastATZ

Stinger

Warrant4

2,4‐D

Aim

Evi k

Linex/Lorox

Gramoxone

2,4‐D

anoda,spurred GE ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P GE FG E P ‐‐‐ G P G ‐‐‐ GE Gbarnyardgrass P G GE P GE G GE G P E E E P GE P G E E G Pbeggarweed,Florida FG P ‐‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ E E E P

bermudagrass P P P P P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P Pcitronmelon G P ‐‐‐‐ PF ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE PF E ‐‐‐ G FG ‐‐‐ E G G E F Ecocklebur,common E G P E ‐‐‐ P PF E G E FG E GE P E G F E G E

cowpea E P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ G GE P E ‐‐‐ G G G Ecrabgrass,large P FG GE F G F F GE P E PF FG P GE P P E G G Pcrotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ G G E E G G

croton,tropic GE P P PF ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G G G Gcrowfootgrass P F GE F F PF PF GE P E E GE P G P P E E G Pdayflower,Benghal ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE F GE GE

eclipta G ‐‐‐ G GE GE G G G P E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G FG G G FG Ggoosegrass P F GE F F PF PF GE P E P GE P GE P P E E G Pjimsonweed E G P PF G P P GE ‐‐‐ GE G E G G E GE E E G E

johnsongrassseedling P E G PF F PF PF GE P E E E P G P P E E G Pjohnsongrassrhizome P G P P P P P G P E G GE P P P P P P P Plambsquarters,common E G P P G PF PF GE PF GE F E P G E G E E FG E

morninggloryspp. E F P FG F P P G PF G G G P FG GE G G G G GEnutsedge,purple F P P G PF P P P G FG P P P P P P G F F Pnutsedge,yellow F P P F F P P F GE FG P PF P P PF P G F F PF

panicum,fall P G GE F G F F FG P E G G P GE P P E E G Ppanicum,Texas P F F PF G F F F P E G E P G P P GE GE E P

pigweedglyphosate‐resistantALS‐resistant

EEE

GGP

FFF

GGP

GEGEGE

PFPFP

PFPFP

GEGEGE

FGFGP

EPE

GGP

EEE

GGG

GGG

GEGEGE

GGG

EEE

GGG

GGG

GEGEGE

poinsettia,wild ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐purslane,common ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G E G G Gpusley,Florida GE P GE PF ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ FG FG GE FG FG G FG E G FG G

ragweed,common E G P P G P P FG GE GE FG E G F E P E E G Eryegrass,annual ‐‐‐ G GE P F G G G P E F F P GE P P E E G Psandbur,annual P F G P F F PF G P E PF PF P GE P P E E G P

senna,coffee GE P P FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐‐ GE FG FG G ‐‐‐ G P E G G Gsesbania,hemp GE P P P G P P G FG GE ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P PF G PF Gsicklepod GE F P P F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG P GE PF E FG P E P E E G E

sida,prickly E ‐‐‐ P GE F P P FG F GE P GE ‐‐‐ F G G E G FG Gsignalgrass,broadleaf P F GE P F PF PF F P E GE GE P GE P P GE G G Psmartweed,Pennsylvania E PF P G G P P G FG GE FG GE F P PF G G G FG PF

spurge G ‐‐‐ G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ GE G ‐‐‐ G F G G FG Gstarbur,bristly GE P P F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G GE ‐‐‐ E FG ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ E G G GEvelvetleaf E G P G G PF PF G E G F G ‐‐‐ G G E G G GE G

vol.peanut E P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G G FG P P P GE G P Pvol.RRsoybean E P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G E E P FG P E P G GE1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2UseonlyonClearfieldcornhybrids.3Useonlyonglyphosate‐tolerant(RoundupReady,RoundupReady2,AgrisureGT)cornhybrids.4Forcontroloflistedweeds,theseherbicidesmustbeappliedpriortoweedemergenceortankmixedwithafoliaractiveherbicide.


42

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinFieldCorn




Aatrex4SC(atrazine)

1.0‐2.0qt 1.0‐2.0lb

5

None 12hours

Comments:ApplyATRAZINEtocornfromemergenceupto12inchesinheight.AddCOCat1galper100galofspraymix. IfATRAZINEwasnotappliedprior tocornemergence,upto2 lbsai/Amaybeapplied. IfanearlierATRAZINEapplicationwasmade,thetotalATRAZINEappliedmaynotexceed2.5lbsai/acrepercalendaryear.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).

Accent75DF(nicosulfuron)AccentQ54.5WDGNIC‐IT2EC

0.67oz

0.9oz

2.0oz

0.031lb

2

30days 4hours

Comments:ApplyACCENT,ACCENTQ,orNIC‐ITovertoporwithdropnozzlestocontrolrhizomejohnsongrass8to18"tall.ACCENT,ACCENTQ,andNIC‐ITmaybeappliedovertopcornupto20inchestall.Forcornfrom20to36inchestall,usedropnozzlestoavoidsprayingintothewhorloftheplant. AddNISat1qt/100galorCOCat1gal/100galofspraymixplus2qt/AofUANor2lb/AofAMS.DonotapplyACCENT,ACCENTQ,orNIC‐ITtocornpreviouslytreatedwithCOUNTER15G,orCOUNTER20CR(in‐furrow)unlesshybridisIR(imidazolinoneresistant).Injurymay occur when ACCENT, ACCENT Q, or NIC‐IT is applied to corn previously treated with soil‐appliedTHIMET,LORSBANorCOUNTER20CRT‐banded.Infieldsheavilyinfestedwithjohnsongrass,applyonlytovirustoleranthybrids.Donotuseonsweetcorn. Donot tankmixACCENT,ACCENTQ,orNIC‐ITwith foliar‐appliedorganophosphateinsecticidesasseverecropinjurymayoccur.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Acuron3.44SC(s‐metolachlor+atrazine+mesotrione+bicyclopyrone)

1.25‐2.5qt 0.67‐1.34lb

+0.313‐0.625lb

+0.075‐0.15lb

+0.019‐0.038lb

1552727

60days 24hours

Comments:ACURONisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyACURONfromemergenceupto12inchesinheightbeforebroadleafweedsaregreaterthan3inchesinheight.DonotapplyACURONinliquidfertilizerorseverecropinjurymay occur. ACURON applied alonewill not provide consistent postemergence control of emerged grassweeds.Donotapplymorethan2.5qt/AofACURONpergrowingseason.TankmixpartnersincludeATRAZINE,ACCENTQ,STEADFASTQ,GLYPHOSATE,andWARRIOR.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).

Aim2EC(carfentrazone)Aim1.9EW

0.5‐1.0floz

0.008‐0.016lb

14

3days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMbroadcasttocornfromemergenceuntil8leafcollargrowthstage(V8).Excellentcontrolofsmall sicklepod,glyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth, andmorningglory.AddaCOC(1‐2gal/100gals),NIS (1qt/100gals),orMSO(1‐2gal/100gals).MaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATEforbroaderspectrumweedcontrolinRoundupReadycorn.**ConsultAIMproductlabelregardingspecificrecommendationsforpreharvestintervals.Rainfastinterval=6hours


43

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinFieldCorn(cont)




Armezon2.8SC(topramezone)+atrazine4SC

0.75‐1.0floz+

1.0‐2.0pt

0.016‐0.022lb

+0.5‐1.0lb

285

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyARMEZONovertopcornfromemergenceupto12inchestall.Forbestresults,addMSOoraCOCat1.0‐1.5galper100galofspraymixplusafertilizersolutionofUANat1.25‐2.5galorspraygradeAMSat8.5‐17lbper100gal(usehigheradjuvantratesforperiodswherehotdryweatherisexpected).Donotapplymorethan1.0floz/Aperseason.Goodtoexcellentcontrolofglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantandPalmeramaranth(lessthan6”tall).Rainfastinterval=1hour.

BalanceFlexx2SC(isoxaflutole)+atrazine4SC

6.0floz+

1.0pt

0.094lb

+0.5lb

275

45days 12hours

Comments: BALANCEFLEXX is aRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyBALANCEFLEXXovertopon corn fromspikingthroughthe2leafcollarstage(V2).Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth,sicklepod,andprickly sida. Add 0.5 lb/A ATRAZINE to enhance control of weeds larger than 6 inches (restricts broadcastapplicationtocorn12inchestallorless).DonotuseCOCorMSOwithBALANCEFLEXXappliedtoemergedcorn.Donotapplytank‐mixesofBALANCEFLEXXwithorganophosphateorcarbamateinsecticidestoemergedcorn.Foliarapplicationsoforganophosphoteorcarbamateinsecticidesshouldnotbemadewithin7daysofanapplicationofBALANCEFLEXX.Ifthewatertable(levelofsaturation)islessthan25feetbelowthegroundsurface,donotuseBALANCEFLEXXonsoilswherethesubsoilisloamysandorsand(i.e.,noclaysubsoil).Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).

Banvel/Clarity4S(dicamba)

0.5‐1.0pt 0.25‐0.5lb

4

** 24hours

Comments:ApplyBANVELorCLARITYatthe1.0ptrateovertopcornfromthespikestageupto8inchtallcornor5leafcollarstage(V5)toprovideearlycontrolofvinesandbroadleafweeds.Applythe0.5pt/Aratefromthe8inchtallupto36inchtallcornor15daysbeforetasselemergence,whichevercomesfirst.Forbestperformance,applywhenweedsarelessthan3inchestall.Usedirectedapplicationswhencornleavespreventproperspraycoverage,sensitivecropsaregrowingnearby,ortankmixingwith2,4‐D.DonotapplyBANVELorCLARITYunderconditionswhichfavordriftontonearbycrops.**CorntreatedwithBANVELorCLARITYmaybeharvestedorusedforfeedoncethecrophasreachedthemilkstageofdevelopment.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).

Basagran4S(bentazon)

1.5‐2.0pt 0.75‐1.0lb

6

12days 48hours

Comments:Treatwhenbroadleafweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing. Donotapplytoweedsthatareunderstresssuchasmoistureorherbicideinjury,asunsatisfactorycontrolmayresult.Adjustrateaccordingtoweedsizeasindicatedontheproductlabel.AddCOCtothespraytankatrateof1qt/A.Donotapplymorethan4ptperacreofBASAGRANperseason.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Beacon75DF(primisulfuron)

0.76oz 0.036lb

2

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyBEACONovertop,directedorsemi‐directedtocontrolrhizomejohnsongrass8to16inchestall.BEACONmaybeappliedbroadcastovertopcornupto20inchestall.Directedorsemi‐directedapplicationsmayimproveweedcoverageandminimizecropinjury.AddNISat1.0qt/100galofspraymix,orCOCat1.0to4.0pt/A.DonotapplyBEACONtocornpreviouslytreatedwithCOUNTER15G,orCOUNTER20CR(in‐furrow)unlesshybridisIR(imidazolinoneresistant).InjurymayoccurwhereBEACONisappliedtocornpreviouslytreatedwithsoil‐appliedLORSBANorCOUNTER20CRT‐banded.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


44






Buctril4EC(bromoxynil)+atrazine4SC

0.5‐0.75pt+

1.0‐2.0qt

0.25‐0.38lb

+1.0‐2.0lb

65

45days 24hours

Comments:ApplyBUCTRILovertopcorn from4 leafgrowthstage(V4)up tobefore tasselemergence tocontrolglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantandPalmeramaranth(lessthan2inchesinheight).Applywhenweedsareinthe2‐to4‐leafstageorlessthan6inchestall.Lessdangerofvolatilitydriftthan2,4‐DorBANVEL.TankmixtureswithBANVEL,2,4‐D,orCLARITYmaycausestalkbrittleness.Tankmixeswithliquidfertilizersmaycauseexcessiveleafburn.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).

Cadet0.91EC(fluthiacetmethyl) 0.9oz 0.006lb 14 60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCADETbroadcasttocornfrom2leafgrowthstage(V2)upto48inchesinheight,butbeforetasseling.Excellentcontrolofsmallsicklepod,glyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,andmorningglory.AddeitheraCOC(1‐2pt/A)orNIS(1qt/100gals)plusUANat1‐2qt/AorspraygradeAMSat8.5lb/100gals.MaybetankmixedwithglyphosateforbroaderspectrumweedcontrolinRoundupReadycorn.Donotapplymorethan1.25oz/ACADETperseason.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Callisto4SC(mesotrione)+atrazine4SC

3.0floz+

1.0qt

0.094lb

+1.0lb

275

45days 12hours

Comments: Apply CALLISTO + ATRAZINE overtop corn up to 12 inches tall. [Note: without ATRAZINE,CALLISTOmaybeappliedtocornupto30inchestallor8leafgrowthstage(V8)].Providesgoodcontrolofglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantandPalmeramaranth.ApplybeforePalmeramaranthreaches5inches.AlwaysaddCOCat1gal/100galofspraymixandUANatarateof2.5%v/vorAMSatarateof8.5lbs/100gal.DonotuseMSOadjuvantswithCALLISTOasseverecropinjurymayoccur.Donotapplymorethan7.7floz/AofCALLISTO per season. Do not make more than 2 applications of CALLISTO per season. Delay secondapplicationuntil14daysafterthefirst.Rainfastinterval=12hours.

Capreno3.45SC(thiencarbazone+tembotrione)+atrazine4SC

3.0floz+

1.0qt

0.013lb

+0.068lb

+

1.0lb

2275

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCAPRENOovertoponcornfromthe1leafcollarstage(V1)uptothe6leafcollarstage(V6).Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth,sicklepod,andpricklysida.Add0.5lb/AATRAZINEtoenhancecontrolofweedslargerthan6inches(restrictsbroadcastapplicationtocorn12inchestallorless).AddCOCat1gal/100galofspraymixplus1.5qt/AofUANor1.5lb/AofspraygradeAMS.TheuseofNISwilldecreaseweedcontrolperformance.Asequentialapplicationof3.0flozcanbemade(waitaminimumof14days).Donotexceed6.0floz/Ainagrowingseason.DonotuseCAPRENOinthesameseasonasLORSBAN,COUNTER,DYFONATE,orTHIMET.Foliarapplicationsoforganophosphoteorcarbamateinsecticidesshouldnotbemadewithin7daysofanapplicationofCAPRENO.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicide(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


45






Corvus2.63SC(thiencarbazone+isoxaflutole)+atrazine)

3.33floz+

1.0qt

0.020lb

+0.049lb

+1.0lb

2275

45days 12hours

Comments: CORVUS is a RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE. Apply CORVUS overtop on corn from spikingthroughthe2leafcollarstage(V2).Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth,sicklepod,andpricklysida.Add1.0lb/AATRAZINEtoenhancecontrolofweedslargerthan6inches.DonotuseCOCorMSOwithCORVUSappliedtoemergedcorn.Donotapplytank‐mixesofCORVUSwithorganophosphateorcarbamateinsecticidestoemergedcorn.DonotapplysoloHPPDinhibitorpostemergenceherbicides(i.e.,LAUDIS,CALLISTO, IMPACT) tocorn thathasbeen treatedwithCORVUSherbicide in the samegrowingseason. Do not apply more than one application of CORVUS per 365 day period. Foliar applications oforganophosphoteorcarbamateinsecticidesshouldnotbemadewithin7daysofanapplicationofCORVUS.Ifthewatertable(levelofsaturation)islessthan25feetbelowthegroundsurface,donotuseCORVUSonsoilswherethesubsoilisloamysandorsand(i.e.,noclaysubsoil).CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).

Distinct70DG

(dicamba+diflufenzopyr)

4.0‐6.0oz

0.138‐0.207lb+

0.054‐0.80lb

419

** 12hours

Comments:Applyovertoptocornbetween4and24inchestall.Forcorn4to10inchestall,use6oz/A.Forcorn10to24inchestall,use4oz/A.Usedropnozzlesatthe4oz/Arateasarescuetreatmentforcorn24to36inchestall.AlwaysaddNISat1qtper100galofspraymix.DonotuseCOCwithDISNTINCT.DISTINCTprovides excellent control of several broadleaf weeds, including glyphosate‐ and ALS‐resistant Palmeramaranth.Donotapplyunderweatherconditionsthatfavordriftontonearby,sensitivecrops.Donottank‐mixwithgrowthregulatorherbicides,suchasBANVELor2,4‐D.**Donotharvestforcorngrainandstoverwithin 72 days of DISTINCT application or do not harvest corn for fodderwithin 32 days of DISTINCTapplication.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Expert4.88L(glyphosate+s‐metolachlor+atrazine)

2.5‐3.75qt 0.47‐0.71lbae

+1.09‐1.63lb

+1.33‐2.0lb

9155

60days 24hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON GLYPHOSATE‐TOLERANT (ROUNDUP READY, ROUNDUP READY 2,AGRISUREGT)CORNHYBRIDS!EXPERTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyEXPERTfromemergenceuptill12inchestallcorn.EXPERTprovidesexcellentcontrolofseveralbroadleafandgrassweedswhileprovidingresidualcontrolofweedsthathavenotemerged.Rainfastinterval=2hours.


46







2.0‐3.7qt 1.35‐2.50lb

0.67‐1.24lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:FULTIMENXTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyFULTIMENXTbeforecornexceeds11inchesinheight.Applicationrateisbasedonorganicmattercontentofthesoil: Forsoilswithlessthan1.5%organicmatter,applicationraterangeis2.0‐2.9qt/A.Forsoilswith1.5%organicmatterormore,theapplication rate range is 2.3‐3.7 qt/A. FULTIME NXT may be applied before, with, or followingpostemergence herbicides in corn: AIM, ATRAZINE, BALANCE FLEX BANVEL, CALLISTO, CAPRENO,CLARITY,DISTINCT,DURANGODMA,HORNETWDG, IMPACT, LAUDIS, LIBERTY, LINEX4L, LOROXDF,MARKSMAN,RESOURCE,STATUS,or2,4‐D.DonotapplyFULTIMENXTtothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter; loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3lbaiACETOCHLORperacreperyear.

Glyphosate(various)acidequivalent(ae)

3lbae/gal4lbae/gal4.17lbae/gal4.5lbae/gal

32oz24oz23oz22oz

0.75lbae

9 50days 4hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON GLYPHOSATE‐TOLERANT (ROUNDUP READY, ROUNDUP READY 2,AGRISUREGT)CORNHYBRIDS!ApplyGLYPHOSATEbroadcastincornuptotheV8growthstage(about30”tall)beforeweedsexceed4inchesinheight.Usedropnozzlesfor30‐48”tallcorntoavoidsprayinginto thewhirlsof theplants.Allowaminimumof10daysbetweenapplications.Maybe tankmixedwithATRAZINE(applicationrestrictedto12"tallcorn)forresidualcontrol.Asinglein‐cropapplicationmustnotexceed1.12lbae/A.Asequentialapplicationmustnotexceed1.12lbae/A(2.24lbae/Atotalforin‐cropapplicationsthrough48inchcorn).Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).

HalexGT4.39SC(s‐metolachlor+glyphosate+mesotrione)

3.6‐4.0pt 0.94‐1.05lb

+0.94‐1.05lb

+0.094‐0.105lb

15927

45days 24hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON GLYPHOSATE‐TOLERANT (ROUNDUP READY, ROUNDUP READY 2,AGRISUREGT)CORNHYBRIDS!ApplyHALEXGTovertopcornfromemergenceupto30inchesinheightorthe8‐leafstageofcorngrowth.HALEXGTmustbeappliedwithaNISat1‐2qt/100galofspraymix.UsethehigherrateofNISwhenweedsaregrowingunderstressconditions.InadditiontoNIS,addspraygradeAMSat8.5‐17lb/100galofspraymix.TheuseofUANinsteadofAMSinnotrecommendedduetoriskofcropinjury. IftankmixingHALEXGTwithatrazine,donotapplywhencornexceed12inchesinheight.Temporarycropsresponse(transientbleaching)mayoccurunderextremeweatherconditionsorwhenthecrop is suffering from stress. Rainfast interval =heavy rainfall soon after applicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).


47






Hornet68.5WDG(flumetsulam+clopyralid)Stanza68.5WDF

2.0‐5.0oz 0.023‐0.057lb

+0.063‐0.156lb

24

85days 48hours

Comments:ApplyHORNETorSTANZAfromemergence(spikestage)untilcornreaches20inchesinheight(ortheV6growthstage). IncludeaNISat1qt/100galorCOC/MSOat1gal/100galof sprayvolume.PostemergenceapplicationsofHORNETorSTANZAtocornpreviouslytreatedwithT‐band,band,orin‐furrowapplicationsofotherorganophosphate insecticides, suchasLORSBAN,AZTEC,FORTRESS,orDYFONATE,maycause temporarycropinjury.Donot tankmixHORNETorSTANZAwithfoliarpostemergenceorganophosphate insecticidesasseverecropinjurymayresult.Foliarorganophosphateinsecticideshouldbeappliedasleast10daysbeforeoraftertheapplicationofHORNETorSTANZA.DonotapplyHORNETorSTANZAifCOUNTER(terbufos)orTHIMET(phorate)insecticides were applied at planting. HORNET or STANZA may be tank mixed with other foliar non‐organophosphateinsecticides.Donotplantcottonwithin18monthsofapplication.Rainfastinterval=2hours.

Impact2.8SC(topramezone)+atrazine4SC

0.75‐1.0floz

+1.0‐3.0pt

0.016‐0.022lb

+0.5‐1.5lb

275

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyIMPACTovertopcornfromemergenceupto12inchestall. Forimprovedfoliarandresidualweedcontrolperformance,it isrecommendedthatATRAZINEistankmixedwithIMPACT.Forbestresults,addMSOat1.0‐1.5galper100galofspraymixcombinedwithafertilizersolutionofUANat1.25‐2.5galper100galofspraymixorspraygradeAMSat8.5‐17lbper100gal(usehigheradjuvantratesforlargerweedsorduringperiodswhenhotdryweatherisexpected).Donotapplymorethan1.0floz/Aperseason.Goodtoexcellentcontrolofglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantandPalmeramaranth(lessthan6”tall).Rainfastinterval=1hour.

ImpactZ4.26SC(topramezone+atrazine)

8.0‐10.7floz 0.016‐0.022

+0.25‐0.333

275

45days 12hours

Comments:IMPACTZisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyIMPACTZovertopcornfromemergenceupto12inchestall.ApplicationsofIMPACTZtoemergedweedsrequiretheadditionofanadjuvantandanitrogenfertilizersourcetoachieveoptimumweedcontrol.AddMSO(minimumof80%oiland14%emulsifiers)at1.0‐1.5galper100galofspraymixwithanitrogenfertilizersolutionofUANat1.25‐2.5galper100galofspraymixoraspraygradeAMSat8.5‐17lbper100gal.Usethehigheradjuvantrateforapplicationtolargerweedsandduringperiodswhenhotdryweatherisexpected.Donotapplymorethan10.7floz/Aperseason.Goodtoexcellentcontrolofglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantandPalmeramaranth(lessthan6”tall).Rainfastinterval=4hours.


1.4‐3.0qt 1.09‐2.33lb

+0.88‐1.88lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:KEYSTONENXTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyKEYSTONENXTafteremergenceupto11inchesinheight.Donotapplymorethan3.8qtperofKEYSTONENXTperseason.PostemergenceKEYSTONENXTtankmixpartnersmayincludeACCENT,AIM,ATRAZINE,BALANCEFLEXX,BANVEL,BASIS,BASISGOLD,BEACON,BUCTRIL,CALLISTO,CALLISTOXTRA,CAPRENO,CLARITY,DISTINCT,HORNETWDG,IMPACT,LAUDIS,LIBERTY,LIGHTNING, LINEX 4L, LOROX DF, MARKSMAN, PEAK, PERMIT, PROWL, PENDIMAX, PURSUIT, RESOURCE,SHOTGUN,SPIRIT,STATUS,STEADFAST,or2,4‐D.


48






Laudis3.5SC(tembotrione)+atrazine4SC

3.0floz+

1.0pt

0.082lb

+0.5lb

275

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyLAUDISovertoponcornfromemergenceuptothe8leafcollarstage(V8).Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmer amaranth.Add0.5 lb/AATRAZINE to enhance control ofweeds larger than6 inches(restrictsapplicationtocorn12”tallorless).AddMSOat1galper100galofspraymixplus1.5qt/AofUANor1.5lb/AofspraygradeAMS.DonotusenitrogenfertilizersolutionastheprimarycarrierforapplyingLAUDIS.DonotuseNISasweedcontrolperformancewillbeerratic.Asecondsequential3floz/Aapplicationcanbemade(waitaminimumof7days).Donotexceed6oz/Apergrowingseason.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


22‐29floz 0.40‐0.53lb

10

** 12hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON CORN HYBRIDS CONTAINING THE LIBERTY‐LINK TECHNOLOGY! ApplyLIBERTYovertoponcornfromemergenceuptothe24‐inch‐tallcorn(V7).Forcorn24to36inchestall,usedropnozzles.Avoid spraying into thewhorl or leaf axils of the corn stalks.Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth(lessthan4”).Usethe29oz/ArateofLIBERTYwhentargetingPalmeramaranth.AlwaysaddAMSat3lb/AwhenapplyingLIBERTY.DonotaddNISorCOCasitmayincreasecropresponse.Donotexceed44ozLIBERTYperacreperseason.Donotusenitrogensolutionsasspraycarriers.**DoapplyLIBERTYwithin60daysofharvestingcornforageandwithin70daysofharvestingcorngrainandcornfodder.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Marksman3.2S

(dicamba+atrazine)

2.0‐3.5pt

0.28‐0.48lb+

0.53‐0.92lb

45

60days 24hours

Comments:MARKSMANisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyMARKSMANovertopcornfromemergencethroughthe5leafgrowthstage(V5)or8inchestall.Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.ReduceMARKSMANrateto2.0pt/Aoncoarsetexturedsoils(sand,loamysand,andsandyloam).DonotuseCOCaftercornemergenceascropinjurymayresult.Amaximumof5.25pt/Aperseasonisallowed.ANISmaybeaddedtothespraytank.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Option35DF(foramsulfuron)

1.5‐1.75oz 0.003‐0.038lb

2

** 12hours

Comments: ApplyOPTION to corn from theV1 to theV6 growth stage.Usedirectedordropnozzles forapplicationsattheV7‐V8growthstage.Addmethylatedorethylatedseedoilat1.5pt/Aincombinationwithanitrogen fertilizer (1.5‐2qt/AofUANor1.5‐3 lb/AofAMS).DonotuseOPTION in the sameseasonasCOUNTER15G(alluses),COUNTER20CR(in‐furrow),DYFONATE(alluses)andTHIMET(alluses).FoliarapplicationsofanOPinsecticideshouldnotoccurwithin7daysofanOPTIONapplication.Infieldsheavilyinfestedwithjohnsongrass,applyonlytovirustoleranthybrids.**DonotapplyOPTIONwithin70daysofharvestinggrainor45daysof harvesting corn forage. Certain cornhybridsare sensitive toALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=2hours.


49






ProwlH2O3.8CS(pendimethalin)

Prowl3.3EC+atrazine4SC

2.0‐3.0pt

1.8‐2.4pt+

1.5‐2.0qt

0.95‐1.43lb

0.75‐1.0lb+

1.5‐2.0lb

3

5

21days

24hours

Comments:ApplyPROWLover‐the‐topaftercornemergenceupto12‐inch‐tall(V4)cornbutwhenseedlinggrassesarelessthan1inchtall.IfATRAZINEisnotused,PROWLcanbeappliedupto30‐inch‐tallcorn.Usethe higher rates on fine‐textured soils. In case of stand failure, corn seed should be replanted below theherbicidetreatedzone.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hour).

RealmQ38.75DF(rimsulfuron+mesotrione)

4.0oz 0.019lb

+0.078lb

227

70days 12hours

Comments: ApplyREALMQ over‐the‐top to corn from emergence up to 20 inches (or 7 ormore collarsvisible),whicheverismorerestrictive.AddNISat1qtper100galorCOCat1galper100galplusnitrogenfertilizersolutionat2qt/Aorammoniumsulfateat2lb/A.Donotapplymorethan4.0oz/AofREALMQpergrowingseason.Ifactivatingrainfallisnotreceivedwithin7daysofapplication,afollow‐upwithcultivationorasequentialapplicationofACCENTQorGLYPHOSATEmaybeneeded.DonottankmixREALMQwithBASAGRANorseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonotapplyREALMQwithin45daysofcropemergencewhereCOUNTER was applied since crop injury may occur. Do not tank mix RESOLVE Q with a foliar appliedorganophosphateinsecticides,suchasLORSBAN,MALATHION,PARATHION,etc.,asseverecropinjurymayoccur.Toavoidcropinjury,applytheseproductsasleast7daysbeforeor3daysafterapplicationofREALMQ.DonotapplyREALMQaeriallyorapplythroughanytypeofirrigationsystem.Donotapplytofieldcorngrownforseed.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


2.25‐2.5qt

1.58‐1.75lb

+0.17‐0.19lb

+0.11‐0.12lb

15274

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyRESICOREaftercornemergenceupto11inchesinheight.RESICOREmaybetankmixedwithATRAZINEforenhancedbroadleafandgrassweedcontrol. Forcontrolofemergedgrasses,tankmixRESICORE with ACCENT Q or STEADFAST Q in conventional corn. RESICORE may be tank mixed withGLYPHOSATEforglyphosate‐tolerantcornorLIBERTYforglufosinate‐tolerantcorn.ApplyRESICOREwhenweedsaresmall(1‐2inchesinheight).DonotapplyRESICOREtoemergedcornthathasreceivedanat‐plantapplication of PHORATE or TERBUFOS insecticide or severe crop injury may occur. Postemergenceapplicationsofanyorganophosphateorcarbamateinsecticidewithin7daysbeforeor7daysafteraRESICOREapplicationmayresultinseverecorninjury.Donotapplymorethan3.25qtofRESICOREperacreperyear.DonotmakemorethantwoapplicationsofRESICOREperyear.DonotapplyRESICORE(acetochlor)tothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter; loamysandswith lessthan2%organicmatter;orsandy loamswith lessthan1%organicmatter.


50






Resolve25DF(rimsulfuron)

1.0oz 0.016lb

2

30days 4hours

Comments:ApplyRESOLVE25DFovertoptocornfromemergenceupto12‐inchcornor6leafcollarsvisible,whicheverismorerestrictive.ProvidessuppressionofPalmeramaranth.AddNISat1.0qtper100galplusnitrogenfertilizerat2.0qt/AorAMSat2lb/A.Ifrainfallisnotreceivedwithin7daysofapplication,afollow‐upcultivationorasequentialapplicationofACCENTmaybeneeded.Donotapplymore than2.0oz/AofRESOLVE25DFinagrowingseason.DonottankmixRESOLVE25DFwithBASAGRANorseverecropinjurymay occur. Do not tankmix RESOLVE 25DFwith a foliar applied organophosphate insecticides, such asLORSBAN,MALATHION,PARATHION,etc.,asseverecropinjurymayoccur.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hour).

ResolveQ(mp)22.4DF

(thifensulfuron+rimsulfuron)

1.25oz

0.014lb+

0.003lb

22

30days 4hours

Comments:ApplyRESOLVEQover‐the‐toptocornfromemergenceupto20‐inchcornor5collarsvisible,whicheverismorerestrictive.ProvidessuppressionofPalmeramaranth.AddNISat1qtper100galorCOCat1galper100galorMSOat0.5galper100galplusnitrogenfertilizersolutionat2qt/Aorammoniumsulfate at 2 lb/A. If rainfall is not receivedwithin 7days of application, a follow‐upwith cultivation or asequentialapplicationofACCENTmaybeneeded.Donotapplymorethan2.5oz/AofRESOLVEQinagrowingseason.DonotapplyRESOLVEQwithin45daysofcropemergencewhereCOUNTERwasappliedsincecropinjurymayoccur.DonottankmixRESOLVEQwithBASAGRANorseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonottankmixRESOLVEQwith foliar appliedOP insecticides, such as LORSBAN,MALATHION, PARATHION, etc., asseverecropinjurymayoccur.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hour).

RevulinQ51.2DF(nicosulfuron +mesotrione)

3.4‐4.0oz

227

70days 12hours

ApplyREVULINQover‐the‐toptocornfromemergenceupto20‐inchcornor6collarsvisible,whicheverismorerestrictive.Forapplicationstocornfrom20to30inchestall,usedropnozzlesonlyandavoidsprayingintothewhorloftheplant.Donotapplytocornafterheightexceeds30inches.Optimumapplicationtimingiswhencornis12inchesorlessandweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing.AddCOCat1galper100galplusnitrogenfertilizersolutionat2qt/Aorammoniumsulfateat2lb/A.DonotusemethylatedseedoiladjuvantsorblendswithREVULINQ.Ifactivatingrainfallisnotreceivedwithin7daysofapplication,afollow‐upwithcultivationorasequentialapplicationofACCENTQorGLYPHOSATEmaybeneeded.Donotapplymorethan4.0oz/AofREVULINQinagrowingseason.DonottankmixREVULINQwithBASAGRANorseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonotapplyREVULINQwithin45daysofcropemergencewhereCOUNTERwasapplied.DonottankmixREVULINQwithafoliarorganophosateinsecticides,suchasLORSBAN,MALATHION,PARATHION,etc.,asseverecropinjurymayoccur.Toavoidcropinjury,applytheseproductsasleast7daysbeforeor3daysafterapplicationofREVULINQ.DonotapplyREVULINQaeriallyorapplythroughanytypeofirrigationsystem.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


51






Sandea75WDG(halosulfuron)

0.67‐1.33oz 0.031‐0.062lb

2

30days 12hours

Comments:ApplySANDEAover‐the‐toptocornfromemergencethroughthelaybystage.Usedropnozzlesaftercanopypreventsadequatecoverageofweeds.Controlsyellowandpurplenutsedge.AddNISat1qtper100galsspraysolution.TankmixpartnersincludeBANVEL,2,4‐D,BUCTRIL,andATRAZINE.Pleaseobserveandfollowthemorerestrictiveapplicationtimingsonthetankmixpartnerlabels.Donotexceed2.67ozperacreperseason.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Sequence5.25S

(glyphosate+s‐metolachlor)

2.0‐2.5pt

0.56‐0.71lbae+

0.56‐0.70lb

915

50days 24hours

Comments:USEONLYONGLYPHOSATE‐TOLERANT(ROUNDUPREADY,ROUNDUPREADY2,AGRISUREGT)CORNHYBRIDS!ApplySEQUENCEfromemergenceuptillcornplantsreach30inchestall.Applicationsfrom30to48inchesrequiredropnozzlestoensureSEQUENCEdoesnotcontactthewhorloftheplant.Donotexceed3.5pt/Ainasingleapplicationor5.0pt/Atotalperyear.CanbetankmixedwithATRAZINEforimprovedresidualbroadleafweedcontrol(consultlabelforadditionaltankmixchoices).Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).

Status56WDG

(dicamba+diflufenzopyr+isoxadifen)

5‐10oz

0.223‐0.446lb+

0.089‐0.178lb+

safener

419

** 24hours

Comments:ApplySTATUSover‐the‐toponcornfromV2(4inchestall)toV10(36inchestall)growthstages.Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.AddNISat1qtorCOCat1.0‐2.0pt/AorMSOat1.0‐2.0pt/Aper100galplusnitrogenfertilizerat5.0qtper100galorAMSat8.5lb/A.Donotapplyunderweatherconditions that favordriftontonearby,sensitivecrops.Donotapplymorethan12.5oz/AofSTATUSperseason.DonotapplySTATUSusinganitrogenfertilizersolutionasacarrier.Donotapplyifcornismorethan36inchestall(V10stage)or15daysbeforetasselemergence,whichevercomesfirst.**Donotharvestforcorngrainandstoverwithin72daysofSTATUSapplicationordonotharvestcornforfodderwithin32daysofSTATUSapplication.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


52






Steadfast75DF(nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron)

0.75oz

0.023lb+

0.012lb

22

30days 4hours

Comments:ApplySTEADFASTover‐the‐topcornupto20”tallor6collars(V6),whicheverismorerestricitve.AddCOCat1galper100gallonsorNISat1qtper100gallons.Addnitrogenfertilizersolutionat2qt/AorAMSat4lb/A.DonotapplytocornpreviouslytreatedwithCOUNTER15G,orCOUNTER20CR(in‐furrow).InjurymayoccurwhenSTEADFASTisappliedtocornpreviouslytreatedwithsoilappliedLORSBAN,THIMET,orCOUNTER20CRT‐banded.DonottankmixSTEADFASTorwithBASAGRANorLADDOCKorseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonottankmixSTEADFASTwithafoliarappliedorganophosphateinsecticides,suchasLORSBAN,MALATHION,PARATHION,etc.,asseverecropinjurymayoccur.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

SteadfastQ37.7WDG(nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron)

1.5oz

0.023lb+

0.012lb

22

30days 4hours

Comments: Apply STEADFAST Q over‐the‐top corn up to 20” tall or 6 collars (V6), whichever is morerestrictive.AddCOCat1galper100gallonsorMSOat0.5galper100gallonsorNISat1qtper100gallonsplusanitrogenfertilizersolutionat2qt/A(28to32%N)orspraygradeAMSat4lb/A.DonotapplytocornpreviouslytreatedwithCOUNTER15G,orCOUNTER20CR(in‐furrow).InjurymayoccurwhenSTEADFASTQisappliedtocornpreviouslytreatedwithsoilappliedLORSBAN,THIMET,orCOUNTER20CR.DonottankmixSTEADFASTQwithBASAGRANorLADDOCKorseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonottankmixSTEADFASTor STEADFAST Q with a foliar applied organophosphate insecticides, such as LORSBAN, MALATHION,PARATHION, etc., as severe crop injury may occur. Do not tank mix with 2,4‐D or severe grass controlantagonismmayoccur.CertaincornhybridsaresensitivetoALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

SteadfastATZ89.3WDG

(nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron+atrazine)

14oz

0.024lb+

0.011lb+

0.75lb

225

60days 12hours

Comments: Apply STEADFAST ATZ over‐the‐top corn from emergence up to 12 inches tall or up andexhibiting6collars(V6).AddNISat1qtper100galorCOCat1galper100galofspraymixplus2qt/AofUANor2lb/AofAMS.DonotapplySTEADFASTATZtocornpreviouslytreatedwithasoilinsecticidesuchasCOUNTER15G,COUNTER20CR(in‐furrow),THIMET,LORSBAN,orCOUNTER20CR(T‐banded).DonottankmixSTEADFASTATZwithany2,4‐Dcontainingproductsasseveregrasscontrolantagonismmayoccur.DonottankmixSTEADFASTATZwithBASAGRANorLADDOCKorseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonottankmixSTEADFAST ATZ with a foliar applied organophosphate insecticides, such as LORSBAN, MALATHION,PARATHION, etc., or severe crop injury may occur. Certain corn hybrids are sensitive to ALS‐inhibitorherbicides(MOA=2),consultyourlocalseeddealerformoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


53






Stinger3.0SL(clopyralid)

0.33‐0.67pt 0.124‐0.25lb

4

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplySTINGERover‐the‐topcornfromemergenceupto24inchestalltocontrolsmallbroadleafweed species.Usehigher rate for largerweeds.Applywithgroundequipmentasabroadcast spray in10gallonsofwaterormoretoensureuniformandthroughspraycoverageoftheweedfoliage.STINGERmaybetankmixedwithHORNETWDG.Seelabelforadditionalinformation.CorninbredlinesorbreedingstockmaybeinjuredbySTINGER.Donotapplymorethan0.67ptSTINGERperacreperyear.Donotallowlivestocktograzetreatedareasorharvesttreatedcornsilageasfeedwithin40daysafterlasttreatment.Rainfastinterval=6hours.


1.5‐3.0pt 0.703‐1.406lb

+0.023‐0.046lb

+0.071‐0.142lb

1524

85days 12hours

Comments: Apply SURESTART II from planting until corn reaches 11 inches in height. Do not applySURESTART II postemergence if corn was previously treated with COUNTER (TERBUFOS) or THIMET(PHORATE)asseverecropinjurymayresult.PostemergenceapplicationsofSURESTARTIItocornpreviouslytreatedwithT‐band,band,orin‐furrowapplicationsofotherorganophosphateinsecticides,suchasLORSBAN,AZTEC,orFORTRESSinsecticidemaycausetemporarycropinjury.DonottankmixSURESTARTIIwithfoliarpostemergenceorganophospateinsecticidesasseverecropmayresult.Toavoidcropinjury,applythefoliarorganophosateinsecticideatleast10daysbeforeor10daysaftertheapplicationofSURESTARTII.DonotapplySURESTARTIItosweetcornorpopcorn.Donotplantcottonwithin18monthsofapplication.DonotapplySURESTARTII(acetochlor)tothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3pt/AofSURESTARTIIinasingleapplication.


1.5‐3.0qt 1.13‐2.25lb

15

40days 12hours

Comments:ApplyWARRANTover‐the‐toptocornfromseedlingemergenceuntilcornreaches30inchesinheight.Dropnozzlesarerecommendedforoptimumspraycoverageandweedcontrolwhencornheightis24to30inches.WeedsemergedattimeofapplicationwillnotbecontrolledbyWARRANT.Ifweedsareemergedat time of application, tankmix a labeled postemergence corn herbicidewithWARRANT. Do notmake apostemergencesurfaceapplicationusingasprayablefluidfertilizerasthecarrierbecauseseverecropinjurymayoccur.Donotexceed4qtperacreperseasonwhenmakingasecondapplicationofWARRANT.DonotuseWARRANTonsweetcorn.Tankmixpartnersinclude2,4‐D,ATRAZINE,AIM,AXIOM,BALANCE,DICAMBA,DISTINCT,PYTHON,RESOURCE,GLYPHOSATE,LOROX,CALLISTO,MARKSMAN,PROWL,andRESOLVE.

2,4‐D4S(various)

0.5‐1.0pt 0.25‐0.5lb

4

7days 48hours

Comments:Apply2,4‐Dover‐the‐toptocornunder8"tall(totopofcanopy).Ifcornismorethan8inchestall,usedropnozzlestokeepsprayoutofthewhorls.DotankmixwithATRAZINE,oil,orotheradjuvants.Donotapplyfromtasselingtoharddoughstage.Corntreatedwith2,4‐Dmaybecometemporarilybrittle.Windorcultivationmaycausestembreakageduringthattimeperiod.Makenomorethanoneapplicationpercropcycle. Do not apply more than 1.0 pt/A per application. Controls glyphosate‐ and ALS‐resistant Palmeramaranth.Donotapplyunderconditionswhichfavordriftontonearby,sensitivecrops.Rainfastintervalnotindicatedonlabel(suggest1hour).


54

PostemergenceDirectedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinFieldCorn





2,4‐D4Samineorlowvolatileester

0.5‐1.0pt 0.125‐0.25lb

4

7days 48hours

Comments: Apply2,4‐D as a postemergencedirected spray from8 inches tall up to tasselingusingdropnozzlestominimizecontactwithcornplant.Ifcornplantsaregrowingrapidly,reduce2,4‐Drateto0.5pttominimizecropinjurypotential.

Aim2EC(carfentrazone)

Aim1.9EW

0.5‐2.0floz

0.008‐0.031lb

14

** 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMasapostemergencedirectedsprayfromV8toV14growthstage.AddaCOCat1‐2galper100gals,NISat1qtper100gals,orMSOat1‐2galper100galsofspraymixture.Avoiddirectingthesprayinthewhorloftheplant. **ConsultAIMproductlabelregardingspecificrecommendationsforpreharvestintervals.

Evik80WDG(ametryn)

0.75‐2.0lb 0.6‐1.6lb

5

30days 12hours

Comments:ApplyEVIKasapostemergencedirectedsprayafterthesmallestcornisatleast12inchestall(measuredfromthehighestleafsurfaceonfree‐standingplants).Applyinaminimumof20gallonsofwaterperacre.Coverageisimportantforweedcontrolperformance.AddNISatarateof2qtper100galsofspraymixture.Donotsprayovertopofcornorinjurywilloccur.Donotmakemorethanoneapplicationperyear.Donotapplywithin3weeksoftasseling.

GramoxoneSL2E(paraquat)Parazone3SFirestorm3S

1.0‐2.0pt

0.7‐1.3pt

0.25‐0.5lb

0.26‐0.49lb

22

7days 12hours

Comments: Apply PARAQUAT as a postemergence directed spraywhen corn is at least 10 inches tall. Ahoodedorshieldedsprayerisrecommendedtominimizespraycontactwithcornfoliage.Applyinaminimumof10gallonsofwaterperacre.Coverageisimportantforweedcontrolperformance.Weeds6inchesortallermaynotbecontrolled.AddNISatarateof1qtper100galsofspraymixture.Ifusingdropnozzles,arrangenozzlestospraynohigherthanlower3inchesofthecornstalks.Cornplantsshorterthan10inchesmaybeinjuredandnotrecover.Forcorngreaterthan20inchesinheight,arrangenozzlestospraynohigherthanthelower1/3ofthecornstalks.Cornfoliagesprayedwillbeinjuredbutcropwillrecoveranddevelopnormally.Donotapplymorethan3applicationsofPARAQUATpost‐directedperyear.

Linex4L(linuron)

Lorox50DF

1.25‐3.0pt

1.25‐3.0lb

0.63‐1.5lb

0.63‐1.5lb

7

57days 24hours

Comments:ApplyLINEXorLOROXasapostemergencedirectedspraywhencornisatleast15inchestall.Applywhen there is sufficient height differential betweenweeds and the crop so that thedirected spraythoroughlycoversallweedfoliagewithoutcontactofupperleavesorwhorlofthecornbysprayordrift.AddNISatarateof2qtper100galsofspraymixture.Spraytocoverweedsnomorethan3to4inchestall.Uselowerratewhenweedsarenotallerthan2inchesandhigherrateforweedsupto4inchestall.Non‐pressurenitrogensolutionmaybesubstitutedforallorpartofthewatercarrier.


55

HarvestAidsforFieldCorn






1.0‐3.0pt 0.25‐1.5lb 4 7days 48hours

Comments:Apply2,4‐Dbroadcastaftertheharddoughordentgrowthstagetocontrolweedsthatinterferewithharvest.Makenomorethanoneapplicationpercropcycle.Donotapplymorethan3pintsperacreperapplication.


Aim1.9EW

1.0‐2.0floz

0.008‐0.031lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMafterphysiologicalmaturity(lessthan35%moistureandtheblacklayerhasformed).Desiccatesannualmorninggloryandotherweedyharvestimpediments.AddaCOCat1‐2gal/100gals,NISat1qt/100gals,orMSOat1‐2gal/100galstothespraymix.Applyinsprayvolumeswithaminimumof10gal/A

Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)

3lbae/gal4lbae/gal4.17lbae/gal4.5lbae/gal

32oz24oz23oz22oz

0.75lbae

9 7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyGLYPHOSATEafterphysiologicalmaturity(lessthan35%moistureandtheblacklayerhasformed). ConsultGLYPHOSATEproduct label for recommendationson adjuvants andotheradditives.Notrecommendedforcorngrownforseed.

Parazone3S(paraquat)Firestorm3S

0.8‐1.3pt 0.3‐0.49lb

22

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyPARAQUAT3Sinaminimumof20gallonsofsprayperacrebygroundor5gallonsofsprayperacrebyairaftercornismature.Ablacklayeratthebaseofeachkernelindicatesmaturity.AddaNISat1qt/100galofspraysolution.Usethehigherratetodesiccatematurebroadleafweedsandgrasses.Droughtstressedplantscanbedifficulttokillanddesiccationmaynotbecomplete.Makeonly1preharvestapplicationofPARAQUAT3Speryear.


56

CORNINSECTCONTROLFrancisP.F.Reay‐Jones,ExtensionEntomologist

Grainyieldreductionsandlossesingrainqualitydueto insectpestsareaconstantprobleminthe

Southeast.Controloptionsincludeculturalpracticestopreventoravoidinjury,transgenicBtcorn,at‐plantinginsecticides(includingseed treatments),and foliar insecticides. Insectpressurevariesgreatly fromfield tofield.Decisionsconcerningpestmanagementoptionsshouldthereforebemadeincarefulconsiderationofthehistoryofinsectproblemsineachfieldwherecornistobeplanted.

MajorinsectpestsofcorninSouthCarolina.

Insect Descriptionoffeedinghabit Methodsofcontrol

Wireworms Feedonplantedkernelsresultinginpoorgerminationandstuntedseedlings

Insecticide,tillage,controlofwinterweeds

Cutworms Girdlingofstalkatsoilsurface Avoidplantingcornonsodorweedyland,selectedBthybrids,insecticides

Sugarcanebeetles Burrowintostalkabovebaseofroots

Plantearlyanddonotplantcornaftersod

Billbugs Chewintostalkandcausebudleavestowiltanddie

Croprotation,weedremovalinandaroundcornfield,insecticides

Cornearworms Feedonleavesinwhorlandoneartissueneareartip

Insecticides,selectedBthybrids,plantearly

Fallarmyworms Mayfeedonallabovegroundpartsofcornplant

Bthybrid,insecticides,plantandharvestearly,controlgrassyweeds

Lessercornstalkborers Tunnelintocornseedling Croprotationandearlyplanting,selectedBthybrids,insecticides

SeveraltypesofBtcornareavailable,eachcharacterizedbyan‘event’(i.e.asuccessfulinsertionofthegeneticpackageintoaplant)andcryproteins.Inanutshell,thereareBttraitsforabove‐groundpestsandBttraitsforrootworms.Pleaserefertotablebelowforefficacyofavailableproducts.

Bttraitsforabove‐groundpests.- HerculexI(eventTC1507;proteinCry1F).- OptimumIntrasect(eventsTC1507andMON810;proteinsCry1FandCry1Ab).- OptimumLeptra(eventsTC1507,MON810,andMIR162;proteinsCry1F,Cry1AbandVip3Aa20).- YieldGardCB(eventMON810;proteinCry1Ab).- GenuityVTDoublePro(eventMON89034;proteinsCry1A.105andCry2Ab2).- AgrisureArtesian3010A(eventBt11;proteinCry1Ab).- AgrisureGT/CB/LL(eventBt11;proteinCry1Ab).- AgrisureViptera3110(eventsMIR162andBt11;proteinsVip3Aa20andCry1Ab).- AgrisureViptera3220(eventsMIR162andTC1507;proteinsVip3Aa20,Cry1AbandCry1F)- PowerCore(eventsMON89034andTC1507;proteinsCry1A.105,Cry2Ab2,andCry1F)- Trecepta(eventsMON89034andMIR162;proteinsCry1A.105andCry2Ab2)


57

Allproductsprovideexcellentcontrolofstalkborers(Europeancornborer,southerncornstalkborer).Theactivity in seedling andwhorl stage is greater inHerculex I, which provides good early season control ofcutworms,lessercornstalkborer,andfallarmyworm.YieldGardCBandAgrisureCB/LLhavefairactivityforcornearworminfestationsincornears,whereascontrolwithHerculexIispoor.ThemorerecentGenuityVTDoubleProisthefirstBtcorntohavetwogenesexpressingBttoxinstocontrolabovegroundLepidopteranpests.Themajoradvantagerelativetothepreviouslymentionedproductsisthatitprovidesgoodtoverygoodcontrolofcornearwormandverygoodcontroloffallarmyworm.ThenewVip3Aa20proteinthatisincludedinAgrisureVipterahybrids,OptimumLeptraandinTreceptahybridswillalsoprovideexcellentcontrolofcornearwormandfallarmyworm.Thesehybridsmaybeparticularlyusefulinlateplantedandno‐tillcorn.

Bttraitsforrootworms.

- HerculexRW(eventDAS59122‐7,proteinCry34/35Ab1).- YieldGardRootworm(eventMON863,proteinCry3Bb).- YieldGardVTRootworm/RR2(eventMON88017,proteinCry3Bb).- AgrisureRW(eventMIR604,proteinmCry3A).

Allproductsprovidecontrolofwesterncornrootworms(butnocontrolofgrubsandwireworm).WesterncornrootwormsarenotcurrentlywidespreadpestsinSouthCarolina,andtheseproductsshouldgenerallynotbeneeded.

StackedBttraitsforabove‐groundpestsandrootworms.

- OptimumIntrasectXTRA(eventsTC1507,MON810,andDAS59122‐7,cryproteinsCry1F,Cry1Ab,andCry34/35Ab1).

- YieldGardVTTriple(eventsMON810andMON88017,cryproteinsCry1AbandCry3Bb1).- AgrisureCB/LL/RW(eventsBt11andMIR604,cryproteinsCry1AbandmCry3A).- Agrisure3000GT,AgrisureArtesian3011A(eventsBt11,andMIR604,cryproteinsCry1Aband

mCry3A).- AgrisureViptera3111(eventsMIR162,Bt11andMIR604,vipproteinVip3AandcryproteinsCry1Ab

andmCry3A).- GenuityVTTriplePro(eventsMON89034andMON88017,cryproteinsCry1A.105,Cry2Ab2and

Cry3Bb1).- Powercore(eventsMON89034andTC1507,cryproteinsCry1A.105,Cry2Ab2,andCry1F).- SmartStaxorGenuitySmartStax(eventsMON89034,MON88017,TC1507andDAS59122,cry

proteinsCry1A.105,Cry2Ab2,Cry3Bb,Cry1F,andCry34/35Ab1).

Theseproductscombinethecryproteins(andefficacy)oftheabove‐groundpestandrootwormBtcorntraits.

RefugerequirementsforBtcornforabove‐groundpestsinCottonBelt(seedealersforcompleterefugerequirements)

- ForYieldGardCornBorer,AgrisureGT/CB/LL,AgrisureArtesian3010A,HerculexI:50%ofcornonafarmcanbeplantedasBtcorn.

- GenuityVTDoublePro,AgrisureViptera3110,AgrisureViptera3220,OptimumIntrasect,OptimumLeptra,PowerCore:20%ofcornonafarmcanbeplantedasBtcorn.

- Blocks can be internal (within Bt field) or external (in separate fieldwithin½mile of Bt field tomaximizerandommating;¼mileishoweverpreferred.

- Infieldstrips:atleast4rowswidetoreduceeffectoflarvalmovement(6rowspreferred)- RefugecanbesprayedwithanyinsecticideexceptBtproducts


58

RefugerequirementsforBtcornforrootwormsinCottonBelt(seedealersforcompleterefugerequirements)

Btcornforrootwormhasspecificregulationsthatdiffer fromstalkborerBtcorn.ThemajordifferenceforrootwormBtcornisthatrefugesmustbeeitheradjacenttoorwithintheBtfield,ratherthanwithin¼mileoftheBtfieldforstalkborerBtcorn.Thisisduetothepoorflightabilityofcornrootwormadults.

RefugerequirementsforstackedBtcornforabove‐groundpestsandrootwormsinCottonBelt(seedealersforcompleterefugerequirements)

- ForYieldGardVTTriple,AgrisureCB/LL/RW,AgrisureGT3000,AgrisureArtisian3011A:50%ofcornonafarmcanbeplantedasBtcorn.

- Genuity VT Triple PRO, SmartStax, Genuity SmartStax, Agrisure Viptera 3111, Optimum IntrasectXTRA:20%ofcornonafarmcanbeplantedasBtcorn.

2optionsfortherefuge:

o Commonrootworm/cornborerrefugeo Discreterootwormandcornborerrefuges

- Forcommonrefugeanddiscreterootwormrefuge:useadjacentfield,blockperimeter,orin‐fieldstrip.- Fordiscretecornborerrefuge:separatefieldscanbeusedinadditiontootherrefugeoptions.- Forsharedrefugeanddiscreterootwormrefuge:refugesmustbeadjacenttoorwithinfield.- Fordiscretecornborerrefuge:separaterefugesmustbewithin1/2mile(but1/4milepreferred).- Atleast4rows(fordiscretecornborerrefuges,atleast6rowsarerecommended).

- RefugecanbesprayedwithanyinsecticideexceptBtproducts.


59


60

INSECTICIDESATPLANTING

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION

RATE REI PHI PGI COMMENTS

Armyworm(fallarmyworm)

TransgenicBtcorn(seetableabovefordetails)

Insecticideinplant

‐ ‐ ‐ SeedealersforrefugerequirementsforBtcorn.

Billbugs(seedtreatment)

ClothianidinPONCHO1250orACCELERON

1.25mg(ai)/seed

‐

‐

‐

Seedtreatment

ThiomethoxamCRUISER5FS1250

1.25mg(ai)/seed

12

‐

‐

Seedtreatment

Billbugs(atplantinginsecticide)

TerbufosCOUNTER15GR

6to8oz/1000ftofrow

48 60 30 Applyeitherin7inchbandorinfurrow

TelfluthrinFORCE3GR

4to5oz/1000ftofrow

0 ‐ ‐ ApplyasbandorT‐band.

Chinchbug(seedtreatment)

ClothianidinPONCHO250orACCELERONPONCHO1250orACCELERON

0.25mg(ai)/seed1.25mg(ai)/seed

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

Seedtreatment

ThiomethoxamCRUISER5FS250CRUISER5FS1250


1212

‐‐

‐‐

Seedtreatment

Chinchbug(atplantinginsecticide)

TerbufosCOUNTER15GR

6to8oz/1000ftofrow


ChlorpyrifosLORSBAN4ER

CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR

LORSBAN15G

1‐2pts/acre1‐2pts/acre8oz/1000ftofrow.

242424

212121

212121

Applyaspreplantbroadcastgranulesorapreplantbroadcastsprayin20galspray/acormore.

R=Restrictedusepesticide;REI=re‐entryinterval;PHI=pre‐harvestinterval;PGI=pre‐grazinginterval


61

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Chinchbug(atplantinginsecticide)(cont.)

TelfluthrinFORCE3GR

4to5oz/1000ftofrow


Cornearworm


Insecticideinplant


Cutworm


Insecticideinplant


Cutworm(atplantinginsecticide)

BifenthrinCAPTURE2ECRCAPTURE1.15G

R

0.15‐0.30oz/1000ftofrow6.4‐8oz/1000ft

1212

3030

3030

ChlorpyrifosLORSBAN4ERCHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR

LORSBAN15G

1‐2pts/acre1‐2pts/acre8oz/1000ftofrow

242424

212121

212121


EsfenvalerateASANAXLR

0.45oz/1000ftofrow

12 21 ‐ Applyinband,T‐band,orinfurrow.

Gamma‐cyhalothrinPROAXISR

0.66oz/1000ftofrow

24 21 1(green)21(fodder)

Applyinband,T‐band,orinfurrow.

Lambda‐cyhalothrinWARRIORR

0.66oz/1000ftofrow


Applyinband,T‐band,orinfurrow

PermethrinPERMETHRIN3.2ECR

POUNCE25WPR

4‐8oz/acor0.3‐0.6oz/1000ftofrow.6.4‐9.6oz/acor0.5‐0.75oz/1000ftofrow

1212

3030

0(green)30(fodder)0(green)30(fodder)




62

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Cutworm(atplantinginsecticide)(cont.)

PermethrinPOUNCE1.5GR

8oz/1000ftofrow



TerbufosCOUNTER15GR

6to8oz/1000ftofrow

48 60 30 Applyeitherin7inchbandorinfurrow.Suppressiononly.

Zeta‐cypermethrinMUSTANGMAXR

0.16oz/1000ftofrow

12 30 60

Europeancornborer


Insecticideinplant


Lessercornstalkborer


Insecticideinplant

‐ ‐ ‐ SeedealersforrefugerequirementsforBtcorn.HerculexI,HerculexXtra,andGenuitySmartstaxprovidegood‐excellentcontrol;otherBtproductswillprovidepoor‐goodcontrol.

Lessercornstalkborer(atplantinginsecticide)


LORSBAN15G

2pts/acre2pts/acre8oz/1000ftofrow

242424

212121

212121



0.66oz/1000ftofrow


Applyin5‐7inchT‐band,orinfurrow.Useaminimumof3gal/ac.


0.66oz/1000ftofrow



TerbufosCOUNTER15GR

6to8oz/1000ftofrow

48 60 30 Applyeitherin7inchbandorinfurrow.Supressiononly.



63

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Lessercornstalkborer(atplantinginsecticide)(cont.)

TelfluthrinFORCE3GR

4to5oz/1000ftofrow


Wireworm(seedtreatment)

ClothianidinPONCHO250orACCELERONPONCHO1250or

ACCELERON


‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

Seedtreatment


CRUISER5FS1250


1212

‐‐

‐‐

Seedtreatment.

Wireworm(atplantinginsecticide)

BifenthrinCAPTURE2ECR

0.15‐0.30oz/1000ftofrow

12 30 30 Applyin5‐7inchT‐band.Orinfurrow.

BifenthrinCAPTURE1.15GR

CAPTURE1.15GR

6.4‐8oz/1000ftofrow3.2‐8oz/1000ftofrow

12 30 30 Applyin5‐7inchT‐band.Applyinfurrow.

ChlorpyrifosLORSBAN15G

8oz/1000ftofrow

24

21

21

ApplyinT‐bandorinfurrow.


0.66oz/1000ftofrow


Applyin5‐7inchT‐band,orinfurrow.Useaminimumof3gal/ac.Suppressiononly.


0.66oz/1000ftofrow




0.3oz/1000ftofrow

12

30

0(green)30(fodder)

Applyinfurrow,bandorT‐bandusingatleasta4inchband.


8oz/1000ftofrow


PhorateTHIMET20G

4.5‐6oz/1000ftofrow

48 30 30 Applyeitherin7inchband.



64

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Wireworm(atplantinginsecticide)(cont.)

TerbufosCOUNTER15GR

6to8oz/1000ftofrow


TelfluthrinFORCE3GR

4to5oz/1000ftofrow


Seedcornmaggot(seedtreatment)

ClothianidinPONCHO250orACCELERONPONCHO1250

orACCELERON

0.25mg(ai)/seed

1.25mg(ai)/seed

‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

Seedtreatment


CRUISER5FS1250

0.25mg(ai)/seed

1.25mg(ai)/seed

12

12

‐

‐

‐

‐

Seedtreatment.

Seedcornmaggot(atplantinginsecticide)


CAPTURE1.15GR

0.15‐0.30oz/1000ftofrow



12

12

30

30

30

30

Applyin5‐7inchT‐band.Orinfurrow.

Applyin5‐7inchT‐band.

Applyinfurrow.


8oz/1000ftofrow

24

21

21



0.66oz/1000ftofrow




0.66oz/1000ftofrow




POUNCE3.2ECR

0.3oz/1000ftofrow0.3oz/1000ftofrow

1212

3030





65

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Seedcornmaggot(atplantinginsecticide)(cont.)


POUNCE3.2ECR

0.3oz/1000ftofrow0.3oz/1000ftofrow

1212

3030




8oz/1000ftofrow


PhorateTHIMET20G



TerbufosCOUNTER15GR

6to8oz/1000ftofrow


TelfluthrinFORCE3GR

4to5oz/1000ftofrow


TelfluthrinFORCE3GR

4to5oz/1000ftofrow


Southerncornrootwormlarvae(seedtreatment)

ClothianidinPONCHO250orACCELERONPONCHO1250or

ACCELERON


‐‐

‐‐

‐‐

Seedtreatment


CRUISER5FS1250


1212

‐‐

‐‐

Seedtreatment.

Southerncornrootwormlarvae(atplantinginsecticide)


0.30oz/1000ftofrow

12 30 30 Applyin5‐7inchT‐band.Orinfurrow.

BifenthrinCAPTURE1.15GR

6.4‐8oz/1000ftofrow3.2‐8oz/1000ftofrow

12 30 30 Applyin5‐7inchT‐band.Applyinfurrow.


8oz/1000ftofrow

24

21

21




66

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Southerncornrootwormlarvae(atplantinginsecticide)(cont.)


0.66oz/1000ftofrow




0.66oz/1000ftofrow



PhorateTHIMET20G



PhorateTHIMET20G



TerbufosCOUNTER15GR

6to8oz/1000ftofrow


TelfluthrinFORCE3GR

4to5oz/1000ftofrow




67

POSTEMERGENCEINSECTICIDES

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Armyworms

Beta‐cyfluthrinBAYTHROIDXLR

1.6‐2.8oz/ac


BifenthrinCAPTURE2ECRCAPTURE1.15GR

2.1‐6.4oz/ac3.5‐8.7oz/ac

1212

3030

3030

Applybroadcastinatleast10gal/acofwaterbyground.Applybroadcastwheninsectsfirstappear.

CarbarylSEVIN80S,80WSP4F,XLRPlus

1.25‐2.5lb/ac1‐2qts/ac

1212

14(silage)48(ears)14(silage)48(ears)



CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR

1‐2pts/acre1‐2pts/acre

2424

2121

2121

ChloroantraniliprolePREVATHON

14‐20oz/ac 4 14 ‐

DeltamethrinDELTAGOLD1.5ECR

1.5‐1.9oz/ac


Forgroundapplication,useatleast5gal/acofwater.


5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐


2.56‐3.84oz/ac


Forcontrolof1stand2ndinstarsonly.


2.56‐3.84oz/ac


Usehigherratesforlargelarvae.

MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

0.75‐1.5pts/ac0.25‐0.5lbs/ac

4848

21(ears)21(ears)




68

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Armyworms(cont.)

MethoxyfenozideINTREPID2F

4‐16oz/ac 4 21 21 Useonlyfortruearmyworm.Applyatfirstsignofegghatch.


POUNCE25WGR

4‐6oz/ac6.4‐9.6oz/ac

1212

3030


Applyatfirstsignofegghatch.


6.7‐13.3oz/ac


Applyatfirstsignofegghatch.

SpinosadTRACERBLACKHAWK

2‐3oz/ac1.1‐3.3

44

2828

1(grain)3(fodder)

Applyatpeakegghatchofeachgeneration.


3.2‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60

Chinchbug


2.1‐6.4oz/ac

12 30 30 Applybroadcastinatleast10gal/acofwaterbyground.

CarbarylSEVIN80S,80WSP

4F,XLRPlus


1212



Usegroundequipmenttoapplyatleast20gal/acofwateranddirectspraytowardsstalk


CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR


2424

2121

2121


1.6‐2.8oz/ac




69

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Chinchbug

(cont.)


1.5‐1.9oz/ac




5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐ Sprayneedstobedirectedtowardsbaseofplant.


3.84oz/ac 24 21 1(green)21(fodder)


3.84oz/ac 24 21 1(green)21(fodder)


3.2‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60

Cornearworm


1.6‐2.8oz/ac



2.1‐6.4oz/ac



4F,XLRPlus


1212




CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR

1.5‐2pts/acre1.5‐2pts/ac

2424

2121

2121


14‐20oz/ac

4 14


1.5‐1.9oz/ac




5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐ Sprayneedstobedirectedtowardsbaseofplant.


1.92‐3.2oz/ac


Usebeforelarvaeenterstalkorear.


1.92‐3.2oz/ac





70

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Cornearworm(cont.)

MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

0.75‐1.5pts/ac0.25‐0.5lbs/ac

4848

21(ears)21(ears)



POUNCE25WGR


1212

3030


Applyjustbeforesilking.

SpinosadTRACERBLACKHAWK

2‐3oz/ac2.2‐3.3

44

2828

1(grain)3(fodder)



1.76‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60

Cutworm


0.8‐1.6oz/ac



2.1‐6.4oz/ac



2.5lb/ac2qts/ac

1212



Applyin12‐inchbandovertherowusingsufficientvolumeofwatertoobtainthoroughcoverage.Forbroadcast,useatleast20gal/acofwaterbyground


1‐1.5oz/ac 12 21 12(green)21(fodder)




71

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Cutworm(cont.)


5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐


1.92‐3.20oz/ac



1.92‐3.20oz/ac


MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

1.5pts/ac0.5lbs/ac

4848

21(ears)21(ears)



POUNCE25WGR


1212

3030



6.7‐13.3oz/ac



1.28‐2.8oz/ac

12 30 60

Europeancornborer


CAPTURE1.15GR

2.1‐6.4oz/ac3.5‐8.7oz/ac

1212

3030

3030

Applybroadcastinatleast10gal/acofwaterbyground.Applybroadcastatorjustbeforeegghatch.


4F,XLRPlus

1.875‐2.5lb/ac1.5‐2qts/ac

1212



Usegroundequipmenttoapplyatleast15gal/acreofwateranddirectspraytowardsstalk.



72

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Europeancornborer(cont.)


LORSBAN15G1stgeneration2ndgeneration

1‐2pts/ac1‐2pts/ac3.5‐8oz/1000ftofrow6‐8oz/1000ftofrow

24242424

21212121

21212121


14‐20oz/ac

4 14


1.6‐2.8oz/ac


Applicationmustbemadebeforelarvaeenterplant.


1.5‐1.9oz/ac




7.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐ Spraywheneggsareinblackheadstageorbeforelarvaeenterwhorl.


2.56‐3.84oz/ac




2.56‐3.84oz/ac



MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

0.75‐1.5pts/ac0.25‐0.5lbs/ac

4848

21(ears)21(ears)




73

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Europeancornborer(cont.)

MethoxyfenozideINTREPID2F

4‐16oz/ac 4 21 21 Applyatfirstsignofegghatch.Directapplicationatwhorlforearlyseason(1stgeneration).Applyasbroadcastoverrowmidandlateseason.


POUNCE25WGR


1212

3030



6.7‐13.3oz/ac


SpinosadTRACER

BLACKHAWK

1‐3oz/ac1.1‐3.3

44

2828

7 Applyatpeakegghatchofeachgeneration.


2.72‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60

Fleabeetle


2.1‐6.4oz/ac

12 30 30 Applybroadcastinatleast10gal/acofwaterbyground


4F,XLRPlus


1212




CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR


2424

2121

2121



74

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Fleabeetle(cont.)


0.8‐1.6oz/ac



1.0‐1.5oz/ac 12 21 12(green)21(fodder)



5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐


2.56‐3.84oz/ac



2.56‐3.84oz/ac



POUNCE25WGR


1212

3030



2.72‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60

Grasshoppers


2.1‐6.4oz/ac



0.5‐1pts/acre0.5‐1pts/acre

2424

2121

2121


2.1‐2.8oz/ac




75

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Grasshoppers(cont.)


1.0‐1.5oz/ac




5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐ For1stand2ndinstarnymph,use3.9‐5.8oz/ac.Timingandgoodcoverageiscritical.Beyond2ndinstar,use5.8‐9.6oz/ac


2.56‐3.84oz/ac



2.56‐3.84oz/ac



2.72‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60

Lessercornstalkborer


2pts/acre2pts/acre

2424

2121

2121

Applyasbroadcastsprayinatleast15gal/acforgroundequipment.


2.56‐3.84oz/ac


Southerncornrootwormbeetles


1.6‐2.8oz/ac



2.1‐6.4oz/ac

12

30

30

Applybroadcast.



76

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Southerncornrootwormbeetles(cont.)



1212




1.5‐1.9oz/ac


Useatleast5gal/acforgroundapplication.


5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 ‐ Applyatfirstsignofsilkfeeding.


2.56‐3.84oz/ac



2.56‐3.84oz/ac


MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

0.75‐1.5pts/ac0.25‐0.5lbs/ac

4848

21(ears)21(ears)



POUNCE25WGR


1212

3030



3.2‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60 Useatleast10gal/acforgroundapplication.



77

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Stinkbugs


1.6‐2.8oz/ac



2.1‐6.4oz/ac

12

30

30

Applybroadcast.


1.5‐1.9oz/ac


Useatleast5gal/acforgroundapplication.


2.56‐3.84oz/ac



2.56‐3.84oz/ac



2.72‐4.0oz/ac

12 30 60 Useatleast10gal/acforgroundapplication.

PRE‐MIXEDorCO‐PACKAGEDINSECTICIDESBRANDNAME RATE REI PHI PGI COMMENTS

COBALT(chlorpyrifos,gamma‐cyhalothrin) 7‐42oz/ac 24 32 1(green)21(fodder)

HERO(Bifenthrin,zeta‐cypermethrin) 2.6‐10.3oz/ac

12 30 30(green)60(forage)

BESIEGE(lambda‐cyhalothrin,clorantraniliprole)

5‐10oz/ac 24 21 1(green)21(fodder)



78

WEEDCONTROLINCOTTON

MikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

PreplantBurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton





1.0‐2.0floz 0.016‐0.032lb

14

3days 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimepriortoplanting.Forbestresults,applytoweedsthatarelessthan4inchestall(lessthan3inchrosettes).Usehigherratefortreatinglargerweeds.AddaCOC(1‐2galper100galsspraysolution,NIS(1qtper100galsspraysolution,orMSO(1‐2galper100galsofspraysolution).Add2,4‐DLVEtoimprovecontrolofcutleafeveningprimroseandwildradish.Tankmixpartners includeGLYPHOSATE,LIBERTY,GRAMOXONE,2,4‐DLVE,orCLARITY.Rainfastinterval=6‐8hours.

BrakeF162.7SC(fluridone+fomesafen)

16floz 0.15lb+

0.1875lb

1214

None 24hours

Comments: ApplyBRAKEF16 up to 14days beforeplanting cotton. Very effective onPalmer amaranth (glyphosate‐resistantandALS‐resistantbiotypes).Donotapplymorethan16flozperacreperseason.Donotapplybyairorthroughan irrigation system. Dry weather following application of BRAKE F16 will reduce its effectiveness on Palmeramaranth.TankmixBrakeF16withglyphosateand2,4‐Dforcontrolofexistingweedspriortoplanting.FollowupBRAKEF16witharesidualherbicideprogramatplanting.

Clarity4S(dicamba)

8.0floz 0.25lb

4

7days 24hours

Comments:Excellentcontrolofmostwinterannualbroadleafweeds.FollowingapplicationofCLARITYandatleast1inchrainfall,awaitingperiodofatleast21daysisrequiredbeforecottonplanting.Ingeneral,CLARITYislesseffectivethan2,4‐DLVEoncutleafeveningprimrosecontrol.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Direx4L(diuron)

1.5‐2.0pt 0.75‐1.0lb

7

7days 12hours

Comments:Applyinaminimumof10GPAofwaterperacre.Controlswinterannualweeds(upto2”insize)andprovidessomeresidualcontrolintotheearlygrowingseason.Mustbeapplied15to150dayspriortocottonplanting.AddacompatibilityagenttothespraytankwhentankmixingwithGLYPHOSATE.Donotapplywheresoil‐appliedorganophosphateinsecticidewasusedasseverecropinjurywilloccur.Donotapplytosandyorsandyloamsoilswithorganicmatterlessthan1.0%.Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).

ET0.208EC(pyraflufenethyl)ETX0.338EC

0.5‐2.0floz

0.3‐0.6floz

0.0008‐0.003lb

14

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:CottonmaybeplantedanytimeafterETapplication.Forbestresult,applyETtobroadleafweedslessthan4inchestallorrosetteslessthan3inchesindiameter.Donotapplymorethan2.0oz/Aforburndown.Addasuitable adjuvant like NIS at 1.0% v/v (1 gal per 100 gal of spray solution) will optimize weed control. Groundapplicationrequiresminimumof10gallons/A.Donotallowlivestocktograzeintreatedareas.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


79

PreplantBurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton(cont.)




FlexstarGT3.52.82EC(fomesafen+glyphosate)

3.5‐5.3pt

0.25‐0.37lb+

0.99‐1.50lbae

149

70days 24hours

Comments:ApplyFLEXSTARGT7‐14daysbeforeplanting.VeryeffectiveonPalmeramaranth(glyphosate‐resistantandALS‐resistantbiotypes)thathasnotemergedfromthesoil.Applyonlytocoarsetexturedsoils(sandyloam,loamysand, sandyclay loam).Adequate rainfall or irrigation (around0.25”)within7daysof application is required foractivation.Somecrinklingorspottingofcottonfoliageorstuntingmayoccur,especiallyifheavyrainfalloccursduringorsoonafteremergence,butplantsoutgrowtheseeffectsanddevelopnormally.TankmixwithCOTORAN,DIREX,PROWL, or STAPLE to broaden the spectrum of weed control.Rainfast interval=heavy rainfall shortlyafterapplicationmayreduceeffectiveness.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.

FirstShot50SG(thifensulfuron+tribenuron)

0.5‐0.8oz

0.125‐0.20lb+

0.125+0.20lb

22

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Apply14daysbeforeplantingcotton.Ifapplyingtolight‐texturedsoils,suchassands,loamysands,andsandyloams,waitanadditional7daystoplant.AddCOCat1galper100galsorNISat2ptper100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizer(UANat2qt/AorAMSat2lb/A).FIRSTSHOTmaybetankmixedwith2,4‐DLVE(forimprovedcontrol of cutleaf eveningprimrose, henbit, and Carolina geranium), GLYPHOSATE, CLARITY, LIBERTY, orGRAMOXONE. If tankmixingwith 2,4‐D LVE, observe themore restrictivewaiting interval to plant (14‐30 days,dependingonrate,see2,4‐DLVEsection).Rainfastinterval=2hours.

Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal

22‐32floz

0.75‐1.13lbae

9

7days 4hours

Comments: Applyinaminimumof10GPAofwaterperacre14‐30dayspriortocottonplanting.Controlshenbit,ryegrass, cutleaf evening primrose andwild radish (althoughnotas effectiveasglyphosate+2,4‐DLVE). 2,4‐D orCLARITYcanbeaddedtothismixture.Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).

Goal2XL(oxyfluorfen)

1.0‐2.0pt 0.25‐0.5lb

14

75days 24hours

Comments:ApplyGOAL2XLaminimumof7daysbeforeplantingcotton.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATEorPARAQUATforcontroloflargerwinterannualbroadleafweedsorannualgrassesinfallowbeds(fallorlatewinter/earlyspringburndown).Providespostemergenceandsoilresidualcontrolofhorseweed,pigweeds,andhenbit.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


80

PreplantBurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton(cont)




GramoxoneSL2S(paraquat)paraquat3S

2.0‐4.0pt

1.5‐2.0pt

0.5‐1.0lb

22

7days 12hours

Comments: GRAMOXONE isaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Apply inaminimumof10GPAatplanting.Controlsseedling glyphosate‐ and ALS‐resistant Palmer amaranth that have emerged since the early preplant burndowntreatment.AddNISat1qt/100galofspraymix.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.

Leadoff33.4DF(rimsulfuron+thifensufluron)

1.5oz

0.0157lb

0.0157lb

22

30days 4hours

Comments: Apply LEADOFF 30 days or more prior to planting cotton. LEADOFF tank mix partners includeGLYPHOSATE,PARAQUAT,2,4‐DLVE,DICAMBA,orGLUFOSINATE.Noadditionalsurfactantisneedediftankmixedwithglyphosateorglufosinatewithabuilt‐inadjuvantsystem.Otherwise,addNISat1qtper100galorCOCat1galper100galorMSOat0.5galper100galofspraysolutionplusanammoniumnitrogenfertilizer(AMSat2lb/AorUANat2qt/A).

Liberty280SL(glufosinate)Interline2.34SL

29‐43oz 0.53‐0.79lb

10

70days 12hours

Comments:Thoroughspraycoverageisessentialforoptimumperformance.Groundapplicationrequiresaminimumof15gallonsofwater/acre.Denseweedcanopiesrequire20to40gallonsperacre.Bestresultsobtainedwhendaytimetemps exceed 75 F. Consult label for maximum season application rates for LIBERTY (burndown + in‐seasonapplications).Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Prowl3.3EC(pendimethalin)

1.8‐3.6pt

0.75‐1.5lb

3

60days 24hours

Comments:Applyinaminimumof10GPAofwaterperacre.ApplyPROWLupto15daysbeforeplanting.PROWLmustbeactivatedbyrainfallorirrigation,preferablywithin2days.Forbestresults,applytoweedsthatarelessthan4”tall(lessthan3”rosettes).Usehigherratefortreatinglargerweeds.Denseweedorcovercropstandswillreducetheeffectivenessofresidualweedcontrol.Add2,4‐DLVEtoimprovecontrolofcutleafeveningprimroseandCarolinageranium.

Resource0.86EC(fumiclorac)

2.0‐4.0floz 0.013‐0.026lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments: Applyinaminimumof10GPAofwaterperacreanytimepriortoplanting.Forbestresults,applytoweedsthatarelessthan4”tall(lessthan3”rosettes).Usehigherratefortreatinglargerweeds.AddaCOC(1‐2gal/100gals),NIS(1qt/100gals),orMSO(1‐2gal/100gals).Add2,4‐DLVEtoimprovecontrolofcutleafeveningprimrose.Rainfast interval=heavy rainfall soonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffof the foliageanda repeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).


81

PreplantBurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton(cont)





1.0floz 0.022lb

14

80days 12hours

Comments:ApplySHARPENaminimumof42daysplustheaccumulationof1.0inchofrainfallorirrigationbeforeplantingcotton.AddCOCat1galper100galorMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizer(UANat2qt/AorAMSat2lb/A).IftankmixingwithGLYPHOSATE,AMSisrecommended.DonotapplySHARPENwithothergroup14(PPOinhibitors)products(i.e.,VALORORREFLEX)asatankmixorasasequentialapplicationwithin30daysorcropinjurymayresult.DonotapplytocoarsesoilsclassifiedasSANDwithlessthan1.5%organicmatterorcottoninjurymayresult.TankmixpartnersincludeCLARITY,DISTINCT,GLYPHOSATE,andPROWLH2O.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Valor51WDG(flumioxazin)ValorEZ4SC

2.0oz

2.0floz

0.063lb

14

21days 12hours

Comments: Applyinaminimumof10GPAofwaterperacre14‐30dayspriortocottonplanting.Controlscutleafeveningprimroseandwild radish(althoughnotaseffectiveasglyphosate+2,4‐DLVE)andprovides2‐4weeksofresidualcontrolofweedssuchasglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.2,4‐DorCLARITYmaybetankmixedwiththismixture.Besuretofollowtheclean‐outinstructionsforremovingVALORfromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletVALORsitovernightinthetank.Seebelowforpreplantburndownwaitingintervalspriortocottonplanting(Assumes2.0oz/AofValorSX):

GroundResidueAmountsCottonPlant‐BackIntervals(daysbeforeplanting)

Strip‐TillBeforeValorSX Strip‐TillfollowingValorSX

<30%residuecover 28days 7days

>30%residuecover 21days 7days

ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


1.25‐2.0qt 0.94‐1.5lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: ApplyWARRANTanytimepriortoplantingbutbeforeweedsgerminate.Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededbroadleavesandgrasses.TheoptimumrateofWARRANTis3pt/A.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATEorPARAQUATtocontrolexisitingweeds.DonotapplyACETOCHLORwithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.

At‐PlantPostemergenceBroadcastforGlyphosate‐ResistantPalmerAmaranth





2.0‐4.0pt

1.5‐2.0pt

0.5‐1.0lb

22

7days 12hours

Comments:PARAQUATisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyPARAQUATbroadcastorinabandbehindtheplanterfurrowaloneinaminimumof10GPAatplantingorafterplanting(beforecottonemerges)tankmixedwithresidualherbicides,suchasREFLEX,DIURON,WARRANT,and/orPROWLH2O.Controlsseedlingglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranththathaveemergedfromanearlierpreplantburndownapplication.IncreasetherateofPARAQUATandsprayvolumeifweedsaredenseorhavesignificantsize(greaterthan4inches).AddNISat1qt/100galofspraymix.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.


82

WeedandCoverCropResponsetoBurndown/PreplantHerbicidesinCotton1

Aim/ET2

Glyphosate2

Glyphosate+2,4‐D

2

Glyphosate+Direx

2

Glyphosate+Leadoff2

Glyphosate+Sharpen

2

Glyphosate+ValorSX2

Gramoxone2

Gramoxone+2,4‐D

2

Gramoxone+Clarity

2

Gramoxone+ValorSX2

Gramoxone+Direx

2

Liberty

2

barley,little F E E E E E E G G G G G G

bluegrass,annual G F F E E E E G G G G G P

buttercups G E E E E E E E E E E E E

chickweed,common G F G GE E E E E E GE E E E

clovers P PF F F G E F G G GE GE GE F

cudweed G E E E E E E FG FG FG FG FG G

dandelion P P E GE E G G N E GE P GE FG

dock,curly P PF G F F F G F FG GE P F G

eveningprimrose,cutleaf GE PF E GE E E FG F E GE E GE G

geranium,Carolina GE FG E GE E E E GE E GE E E GE

henbit/deadnettle G F G E E E E G GE E E GE G

horseweed(marestail) G E GE E GE E GE F GE E GE GE GE

mustard,wild G FG E GE G E GE FG E G GE G GE

pansy,field G F F G ‐‐‐ E F G G G G GE G

peanut,volunteer F F F F P GE FG P F GE F F GE

pepperweed,Virginia G G E GE E E G G GE G G GE G

radish,wild G FG GE GE G E GE G GE GE GE GE GE

ryegrass,Italian F G F FG E E G FG FG FG FG G P

sorrel,red F E E E G G E E E E E E PF

spurry,corn G GE GE GE E E G FG G G G G ‐‐‐

swinecress G FG G G E E FG PF FG FG PF FG GE

vetch GE F E G E E FG G GE GE GE G GE

wheat/ryecovercrop P E E G E E E FG F F G G F

1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2HerbicideratesforburndownareETat1.0oz/A;Aimat2.0oz/A;Glyphosateat0.75lbae/A(22oz/Aof4.5lbae/galor32oz/Aof3.0lbai/gal);2,4‐Dat1‐2pt/A;Clarityat8oz/A;Direxat1.6pt/A;Leadoffat1.5oz/A;Sharpenat1.0oz/A;Gramoxoneat3.0pt/A;ValorSXat2.0oz/A;andLibertyat29oz/A.


83

ManagementofGlyphosate‐ResistantPalmerAmaranthinCottonPalmeramaranthpopulationshavebeendocumentedinSouthCarolinathatareresistanttoglyphosate(i.e.,Roundup,Touchown), acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides (i.e., Staple, Envoke) and dinitroaniline (yellow)herbicides(i.e.,Prowl,Treflan,andSonalan).Thefollowingtableisdesignedtoaidproducersinmanagingglyphosate‐resistantandALS‐resistantPalmeramaranthpopulationsincotton.

TherecentintroductionofEnlist(2,4‐Dcholinetolerant)andXtend(dicambatolerant)cottonhasallowedgrowerstouseanadditionalmode‐of‐actionincottontocontrolglyphosateandALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.Pleasereadthelabelsforeachtechnologyandfollowtherecommendedstewardshippracticestomaintaintheirfutureavailabilityincotton.Useofoverlappingresidualherbicidesandrotationofpostemergenceherbicideswillstillbeanimportantpartofthesenewvarieties.

ManagingGlyphosate‐resistantPalmerAmaranthinGlyphosateTolerantCotton1HerbicideProgram

PreplantBurndown(PPB),PreplantIncorporate(PPI)orPreemergence(PRE)

POSTBROADCAST(1to4leaf)

POSTBROADCAST(5‐6leaf)

POST‐DIRECTED/LAYBY

HOODED

ConventionalTillageDrylandProwlorTreflanPPIfbReflex2+DiuronPRE

glyphosate+

DualMagnumor

Warrant(noPalmeremerged)

OR

glyphosate+

StapleLX3(Palmer<2”)

glyphosate+


ORglyphosate

+Envoke3

(Palmer<4”)

LaybyPro+

MSMAOR

Caparol+

MSMAOR

Suprend+

MSMA

Paraquat+

DirexConventionalTillageIrrigatedReflex2+StapleLX3PREorReflex2+DiuronPREorReflex2+ProwlPRE

ConservationTillageDrylandValor2,4PPBfollowedbyDirex+Warrant+ParaquatPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+DiuronPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+WarrantPRE

ConservationTillageIrrigatedValor2,4PPBfollowedbyDirex+StapleLX3+ParaquatPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+DiuronPRE

ManagingGlyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmerAmaranthinGlyphosateTolerantCotton1HerbicideProgram





HOODED

ConventionalTillageDrylandProwlorTreflanorTreflan+CotoranPPIfollowedbyReflex2+WarrantorWarrant+DiuronPRE

glyphosate+

DualMagnumor


glyphosate+


LaybyPro+

MSMAOR

Caparol+

MSMAOR

Suprend+

MSMA

paraquat+

DirexOR

paraquat+

Caparol

ConventionalTillageIrrigatedReflex2+DiuronPREorReflex2+ProwlPRE

ConservationTillageDrylandValor2,4PPBfollowedbyDiuron+Warrant+ParaquatPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+DiuronPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+WarrantPRE

ConservationTillageIrrigatedValor2,4PPBfollowedbyDiuron+Warrant+ParaquatPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+DiuronPRE1Handweeding,cultivation,and/orapplicationofparaquatmixtureswithhoodedsprayerswilllikelybeneeded.2MakeonlyoneapplicationofReflexorValorduringthegrowingseasonforresistancemanagement.3MakeonlyoneapplicationofanALS‐inhibitingherbicide (Staple,Envoke,Suprend)pergrowingseason. WillnotcontrolALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.4SeeValorSXinthepreplantburndowndiscussionforintervalbetweenapplicationandplantingwithastrip‐tillplanter.


84

ManagingGlyphosate‐resistantPalmerAmaranthinLibertyTolerantCotton1HerbicideProgram





HOODED


Liberty4+

DualMagnumOR

Warrant(Palmer<4”)

ORLiberty4

+StapleLX3(Palmer<4”)

Liberty4+

Warrant

(Palmer<4”)

LaybyPro+MSMA

OR

diuron+Valor2+MSMA

OR

diuron+MSMA

Paraquat

ConventionalTillageIrrigatedReflex2+StapleLX3PREorReflex2+DiuronPREorReflex2+ProwlPRE


ConservationTillageIrrigatedValor2,4PPBfollowedbyDirex+StapleLX3+ParaquatPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+DiuronPRE1Handweeding,cultivation,and/orapplicationofparaquatmixtureswithhoodedsprayerswilllikelybeneeded.2MakeonlyoneapplicationofReflexorValorthroughoutthegrowingseasonforresistancemanagement.3MakeonlyoneapplicationofanALS‐inhibitingherbicide (Staple,Envoke,Suprend)pergrowingseason. WillnotcontrolALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.4LibertywillnotconsistentlycontrolPalmeramaranthlargerthan4”tall.5SeeValorSXinthepreplantburndowndiscussionforintervalbetweenapplicationandplantingwithastrip‐tillplanter.

ManagingResistantPalmerAmaranthinEnlist/XtendCottonHerbicideProgram





HOODED


Palmer<4”

Liberty4+

DualMagnumOR

EnlistOne6+

residualOR

Dicamba7+

residualOR

EnlistDuo6

Palmer<4”

Liberty4+

WarrantOR

EnlistOne6+

GlyphosateOR

Dicamba7+

GlyphosateOR

EnlistDuo6

LaybyPro+MSMA

OR

diuron+Valor2+MSMA

OR

diuron+MSMA

Paraquat

ConventionalTillageIrrigatedReflex2+StapleLX3PREorReflex2+DiuronPREorReflex2+ProwlPRE


ConservationTillageIrrigatedValor2,4PPBfollowedbyDirex+StapleLX3+ParaquatPREorValor2,4PPBfollowedbyParaquat+Reflex2+DiuronPRE

2MakeonlyoneapplicationofReflexorValorthroughoutthegrowingseasonforresistancemanagement.3MakeonlyoneapplicationofanALS‐inhibitingherbicidepergrowingseason.WillnotcontrolALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth.4LibertywillnotconsistentlycontrolPalmeramaranthlargerthan4”tall.5SeeValorSXinthepreplantburndowndiscussionforintervalbetweenapplicationandplantingwithastrip‐tillplanter.6USEENLISTONEORENLISTDUOHERBICIDESONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESCONTAININGTHEENLISTTRAIT.ConsultthewebsiteforapprovedresidualherbicidetankmixpartnersforEnlistOneatwww.enlisttankmix.com.7USEONLYXTENDIMAX,FEXAPAN,ORENGENIADICAMBAHERBICIDESONXTEND(DICAMBATOLERANT)COTTONVARIETIES.DonotuseanyotherdicambaproductonXTENDcotton.ConsultthewebsiteXTENDIMAX/FEXAPAN/ENGENIAtankmixwebsitesforapprovedresidualherbicidetankmixpartnersforDICAMBA.


85

WeedResponsetoSoilAppliedCottonHerbicides1 PREPLANT

INCORPORATEDPREEMERGENCE

Prowl

Treflan

Brake

Command

Cotoran

Direx

Prowl

Reflex

StapleLX

Warrant

anoda,spurred P P ‐‐‐ GE F F P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐barnyardgrass E E E E G G G P FG GEbeggarweed,Florida P P ‐‐‐ FG GE G P P G Pbermudagrass P P P PF P P P P P Pcitronmelon P P P P FG F P P FG Pcocklebur,common P P P F GE P P G P Pcowpea P P P P P P P P FG Pcrabgrass E E E E FG FG G FG P Ecrotalaria,showy P P P G G G P P FG Pcroton,tropic P P G P G F P FG P ‐‐‐crowfootgrass E E E E FG FG G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Edayflower,Benghal P P ‐‐‐ P G P P P P ‐‐‐eclipta P P ‐‐‐ G G G P GE G Pgoosegrass E E E E F F G ‐‐‐ PF Ejimsonweed P P E G G G P ‐‐‐ FG Pjohnsongrass,seedling E E E G P P G ‐‐‐ FG Pjohnsongrass,rhizome P P P P P P P P P Plambsquarters,common GE GE E G E E G E FG Fmorninggloryspp. P P F P G F P PF F Pnutsedge,purple P P P P P P P ‐‐‐ P Pnutsedge,yellow P P P P P P P GE P Fpanicum,fall G G E E F P F ‐‐‐ PF Epanicum,Texas P P E G P P F F P PFpigweedspp.ALS‐resistantDNA‐resistant

GGP

GEGEP

EEE

PPP

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

FFP

EEE

GEPGE

GEGEGE

poinsettia,wild P P ‐‐‐ G P P P GE G Ppurslane,common E E E GE E F G G G Gpusley,Florida E E E GE G F G P P GEragweed,common P P F GE E G P G P PFredweed P P F GE E GE P G GE Pryegrass,annual E E E GE G G G P P Gsandbur E E E G G G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FGsenna,coffee P P FG P GE P P P G Psesbania,hemp P P FG G P P P P P Psicklepod P P FG P G F P P PF Psida,prickly P P G E G F P ‐‐‐ PF Psignalgrass,broadleaf G G E E P P G FG P Gsmartweed,Pennsylvania P P FG G G G P ‐‐‐ G PFspurge P P G P P F P G G Fstarbur,bristly GE GE F P GE G P GE FG PFvelvetleaf P P G E F PF P P E Pvol.peanuts P P P F P P P P P P1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2


86

PreplantIncorporatedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton




Prowl3.3EC(pendimethalin)ProwlH2O3.8CS

1.0‐2.0pt

2.0‐4.0pt

0.5‐1.5lb

0.95‐1.9lb

3

21days 24hours

Comments:ApplyPROWLupto60daysbeforeplantingandincorporate.Controlsannualgrassesandsomesmall‐seeded broadleaf weeds, seedling johnsongrass; poor control of large‐seeded broadleaf weeds (i.e., annualmorningglory,cocklebur,sicklepod).Formaximumpigweedcontrol,use2.0pt/Aapplicationrate.Usethelowerrateifasequentialapplicationofpendimethalinisplannedatplanting.Incorporatetoadepthof2to3inchesimmediatelyafterapplication.Crossdiskforbestresults.Applicationwithinaweekofplantingisrecommended.NOTE: If your field(s)have ahistory ofpoorPalmeramaranth controlwith yellow herbicides (PROWL,TREFLAN,SONALAN), a follow‐up preemergence herbicide (i.e. DualMagnum,Warrant) will be needed at planting or earlypostemergence.

Treflan4HFP(trifluralin)

1.0‐2.0pt 0.5‐1.0lb

3

60days 12hours

Comments:Controlsannualgrassesandsomesmall‐seededbroadleafweeds,seedlingjohnsongrass;poorcontroloflarge‐seeded broadleaf weeds (i.e., annual morningglory, cocklebur, sicklepod). Use 2.0 to 3.0 pt/A for rhizomejohnsongrasscontrol.Forenhancedpigweedcontrol,use1.5pt/Aoncoarse‐texturedsoilsand2.0pt/Aonmedium‐textured soils. Incorporate to a depth of 2 to 3 inches immediately after application. Cross disk for best results.Applicationwithinaweekofplantingisrecommended.NOTE: If your field(s)have ahistory ofpoorPalmeramaranth controlwith yellow herbicides (PROWL,TREFLAN,SONALAN),a follow‐uppreemergenceherbicide (i.e.DUALMAGNUM,WARRANT)willbeneededatplantingorearlypostemergence.

Treflan4HFP(trifluralin)+Cotoran4F(fluometuron)

1.0‐2.0pt

1.0‐2.0qt

0.5‐1.0lb

1.0‐2.0lb

37

90days 12hours

Comments: Controls annual grasses andbroadleafweeds, seedling johnsongrass;COTORAN improves control oflarge‐seededbroadleafweeds(i.e., annualmorningglory, cocklebur, sicklepod).Seeabove forsoil textureandratediscussiononTREFLAN.UselowerrateofCOTORANoncoarsetexturedsoils.Incorporatetoadepthof2to3inchesimmediatelyafterapplication.Crossdiskforbestresults.Applicationwithinaweekofplantingisrecommended.


87

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton




Brake1.2SC(fluridone)

16‐32floz 0.15‐0.30lb

12

None 24hours

Comments:VeryeffectiveonPalmeramaranth (glyphosate‐resistantandALS‐resistantbiotypes), crabgrass,pricklysida,andcrowfootgrass.AresidualherbicidetankmixpartnerwithBRAKEisrequiredifrateisbelow21floz/A.TankmixpartnersincludeREFLEXandDIURON.Donotapplymorethan32flozperacreperapplication.IfthereisanextendeddryperiodfollowingapplicationofBRAKE,planonscoutingyourfieldstoensureweedsarecontrolledbeforeexceedingweed size restrictions.Applyan earlypostemergenceherbicideLIBERTYplus a residualherbicide (i.e.,DUALMAGNUM,STAPLE,orWARRANT)within18daysafterBRAKEpreemergenceapplication.

Command3ME(clomazone)

2.0‐3.33pt 0.75‐1.25lb

13

65days 12hours

Comments: Controlscrabgrass, fallpanicum,crowfootgrass,Texaspanicum,velvetleaf,spurredanoda,andpricklysida.Providesonlymarginal suppressionofmostotherbroadleafweeds (i.e.,Palmeramaranth).Maybe tankmixwithotherherbicides tobroadenweedspectrum.DonotapplyCOMMANDtocottonunlessdisulfotonorphorateorganophosphateinsecticideisappliedin‐furrowwiththeseedatplantingtimeataminimumof0.75lbofactiveingredientperacre.Donotreduce the application rate of the organophosphate insecticide when COMMAND is applied as a band treatment.Combinations of at‐planting systemic granular carbamate and organophospate insecticides applied in conjunctionwithCOMMANDmayresultininjurytocotton.CropinjurymayoccurwithhigherratesofCOMMANDonsandysoils.DIURONisnotrecommendedatplantingwhenCOMMANDisusedasplantinjurymayresult.Donotapplyintheairorwithin1200ftof housing developments, commercial fruit, vegetable, or nut production; or commercial ornamental nurseries orgreenhouses.Donotapplymorethan1.25lbaiperacreperseason.Donotallowliverstocktograzeontreatedcottonforageortrash,orfeedtreatedcottonforageortrashtolivestock.

Cotoran4F(fluometuron)

2.0‐4.0pt 1.0‐2.0lb

7

60days 24hours

Comments: Controls Palmer amaranth (includingALS‐andglyphosate‐resistant), sandbur, crabgrass, tropic croton, andcoffeesenna.TankmixwithSTAPLELXforimprovedcontrolofspurredanodaandvelvetleaf.Forimprovedpigweedcontrol,particularlyinconservationtillage,REFLEXmaybeappliedincombinationwithCOTORANpreemergence.CottoninjurymaybeobservedwhenCOTORANisappliedincombinationwithasystemicinsecticideatplanting.Inaddition,COTORANappliedwithCOMMANDmayresultincottoninjury.Usethelowerendoftheraterangeonlightersoils.

Direx4L(diuron)

0.8qt 0.8lb

7

90days 12hours

Comments:ControlsPalmeramaranth(includingALS‐andglyphosate‐resistant),commonragweed,andbristlystarbur.Donotapplywheresoil‐appliedorganophosphateinsecticidewasusedasseverecropinjuryandstandlosswilloccur.SeedlingdiseasesmayweakencottonplantsandincreasethepossibilityofinjuryfromtheuseofTRIFLURALINproductsfollowedbyDIREX.ThesetreatmentsshouldonlybeusedinconjunctionwithastandardfungicideseedtreatmentplusasupplementalsoilfungicideprogramsuchasCAPTAN‐PCNBmixture.Donotapplytosandsorsandyloamsoilswithorganicmatterlessthan1.0%.

FlexstarGT3.52.82EC(fomesafen+glyphosate)

3.5‐5.3pt 0.25‐0.37lb

+0.99‐1.50lbae

149

70days 24hours

Comments:VeryeffectiveonPalmeramaranth(glyphosate‐resistantandALS‐resistantbiotypes)thathasnotemergedfromthesoil.Applyonlytocoarsetexturedsoils(sandyloam,loamysand,sandyclayloam).Adequaterainfallorirrigation(around0.25”)within7daysofapplicationisrequiredforactivation.Somecrinklingorspottingofcottonfoliageorstuntingmayoccur, especially if heavy rainfall occurs during or soon after emergence, but plants outgrow these effects and developnormally.TankmixwithCOTORAN,DIREX,PROWL,orSTAPLEtobroadenthespectrumofweedcontrol.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


88

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton(cont)





1.0‐2.0pt

1.2‐2.4pt

0.48‐0.95lb

0.50‐0.99lb

3

60days 24hours

Comments: Controls Palmer amaranth (glyphosate‐ andALS‐resistant biotypes), common lambsquarters, Floridapusley,andcrabgrass.Applyatplantingorupto2daysafterplanting.Note:IfyourfieldhasahistoryofpoorPalmeramaranthcontrolwithyellowherbicides,considertankmixingPROWLwithCOTORAN,REFLEX,orSTAPLE.

Reflex2EC(fomesafen)Dawn2EC

12‐16floz 0.1875‐0.25lb

14

70days 24hours

Comments:VeryeffectiveonPalmeramaranth(glyphosate‐resistantandALS‐resistantbiotypes).Applyonlytocoarsetexturedsoils(sandyloam,loamysand,sandyclayloam).Adequaterainfallorirrigationwithin7daysofapplicationisrequiredforactivation.Somecrinklingorspottingofcottonfoliageorstuntingmayoccur,especiallyifheavyrainfalloccursduringorsoonaftercottonemergence,butplantsoutgrowtheseeffectsanddevelopnormally.TankmixwithCOTORAN,DIREX,PROWL,orSTAPLEtobroadenthespectrumofweedcontrol.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.

StapleLX3.2SL(pyrithiobac)

1.7‐2.1floz 0.0425‐0.0525lb

2

60days 4hours

Comments:ControlsPalmeramaranth(glyphosate‐resistantbiotypes),spurredanoda,andvelvetleaf.Plantstressesfrom cool temps, thrips damage, or excessive soil moisture may cause temporary leaf yellowing or stunting. Asconditions improve, cottonwill recover.Donotuseon soilswhereorganicmatter is less than0.5%oron coarsetexturedsoils(sandsorloamysands).DonotapplymorethanonepreemergenceapplicationofSTAPLEperyear.TankmixwithPROWLforimprovedgrasscontrol.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


1.25‐2.0qt 0.94‐1.5lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededbroadleavesandgrasses.Applyafterplantingbutbeforeweedsgerminate.TheoptimumrateofWARRANTis3pt/A.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATEorPARAQUATtocontrolweedsthathavegerminatedsinceplanting.Environmentalconditions thatfollowapplicationofWARRANTincludingcold,wetsoilsorsaturatedconditionsfromexcessiverainmayresult incropinjury.DonotapplyACETOCHLORwithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.


89

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceBroadcastCottonHerbicides1

AssureII

Cotoran

Dicam

ba2

EnlistDuo3

EnlistOne3

Envoke

Envoke+Staple

FusiladeDX/Fusion

Glyphosate4

Glyphosate+DualMag.4

Glyphosate+Envoke4

Glyphosate+Prowl4

anoda,spurred P ‐‐‐ G GE G P G P GE GE E GEbarnyardgrass G G P E P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G E E E Ebeggarweed,Florida P G G E G GE GE G E E E Ebermudagrass G P P F P P P G F F FG Fcitronmelon P G G GE G GE GE P GE GE E GEcocklebur,common P FG E E E GE G P E E E Ecowpea P FG E E E G GE P E E E Ecrabgrass G PF P E P P P G E E E Ecrotalaria,showy P G G G E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G G Gcroton,tropic P FG GE E E PF PF P E E E Ecrowfootgrass G PF P E P F P F E E E Edayflower,Benghal P P P FG P F F P FG G G FGeclipta P ‐‐‐ G E G P FG P E E E Egoosegrass G PF P E P P P G E E E Ejimsonweed P G E E E P GE P E E E Ejohnsongrass,seedling E P P E P FG FG GE E E E Ejohnsongrass,rhizome E P P GE P PF PF GE GE G GE Elambsquarters,common P G E G E G GE P G G E Gmorninggloryspp. P G E G E G G P G G E Gnutsedge,purple P P P F P FG FG P F F G Fnutsedge,yellow P P P FG P G G P FG FG GE FGpanicum,fall GE PF P E P P P GE E E E Epanicum,Texas G P P E P P P G E E E Epigweedspp.glyphosate‐resistantALS‐resistant

PPP

PFPFPF

EEE

EPE

EEE

PFPFP

FFP

PPP

EPE

EPE

GPE

EPE

poinsettia,wild P F E G E G G P G G E Gpurslane,common P FG P F P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P F F G Fpusley,Florida P PF P F P P P P F F PF FGragweed,common P G E E E G G P E E E Eredweed P FG E GE G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G G Gryegrass,annual G P P E P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G E E E Esandbur,field G PF P E P ‐‐‐ P G E E E Esenna,coffee P FG E G FG ‐‐‐ GE P E E E Esesbania,hemp P FG E G FG ‐‐‐ GE P F F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐sicklepod P FG E GE G E E P GE GE E GEsida,prickly P FG E E E P F P E E G Esignalgrass,broadleaf G P P E P P P GE E E E Esmartweed,Pennsylvania P FG E GE E G G P GE GE E GEspurge,annual P F E G E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G G Gstarbur,bristly P G E E E GE GE FG E E E Evelvetleaf P G E GE GE G G P GE GE E GEvol.cornRRhybridsRR+LLhybrids

GGG

PPP

PPP

EPP

PPP

PPP

PPP

EEE

EPP

EPP

EPP

EPP

vol.peanuts P F E F F PF PF P F F F F1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2USEONLYXTENDIMAX,FEXAPAN,ORENGENIADICAMBAHERBICIDESONXTEND(DICAMBATOLERANT)COTTONVARIETIES.DonotuseanyotherdicambaproductonXTENDcotton.UseonlyonEnlist(2,4‐Dtolerant)traitedcottonvarieties.3Useonlyonglyphosatetolerantcottonvarieties.


90

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceBroadcastCottonHerbicides1

Glyphosate+Staple

2

Glyphosate+Warrant2

Liberty

3

Liberty+DualMag.3

Liberty+Prowl3

Liberty+Warrant3

MSM

A

Poast/PoastPlus

Select/SelectM

AX

Sequence

2

Staple

anoda,spurred E GE P P P P P P P GE Gbarnyardgrass E E G G G G F GE GE E ‐‐‐beggarweed,Florida E E G G G G E P P E Gbermudagrass FG F P P P P P F G F Pcitronmelon E GE G G G G PF P P GE ‐‐‐cocklebur,common E E E E E E E P P E Gcowpea E E G G G G F P P E ‐‐‐crabgrass E E FG G G FG F GE GE E Pcrotalaria,showy G G G G G G F P P G ‐‐‐croton,tropic E E G G G G F P P E Pcrowfootgrass E E G G G GE F FG G E Pdayflower,Benghal G FG FG G FG FG P P P FG Peclipta E E G G G G ‐‐‐ P P E Ggoosegrass E E FG G G FG F GE GE E Pjimsonweed E E E E E E P P P E Ejohnsongrass,seedling E E G G G GE F GE E E Pjohnsongrass,rhizome GE E P P P P P G GE E Plambsquarters,common G G E G G G P P P E Pmorninggloryspp. G G E E E E F P P G Gnutsedge,purple FG FG P P P P F P P FG PFnutsedge,yellow FG F P P P P FG P P F PFpanicum,fall E E G G GE GE F E E E Ppanicum,Texas E E G G GE GE P E E E Ppigweedspp.glyphosate‐resistantALS‐resistant

EEE

EPE

GGG

GGG

GGG

GGG

PPP

PPP

PPP

EPE

GGP

poinsettia,wild GE E GE GE GE GE N P P G Fpurslane,common G F FG FG FG FG P P P G Fpusley,Florida PF FG P P G PF P P P FG Pragweed,common E E E E E E P P P E FGredweed G G E E E E P P P G ‐‐‐ryegrass,annual E E FG FG FG FG GE G G E ‐‐‐sandbur,field E E G G GE GE F G G E Psenna,coffee E E GE GE GE GE P P P E GEsesbania,hemp GE ‐‐‐ G G G G P P P ‐‐‐ GEsicklepod GE GE E E E E F P P E PFsida,prickly G E G G G G P P P E Fsignalgrass,broadleaf E E G G GE GE F E E E Psmartweed,Pennsylvania E GE GE GE GE GE P P P GE Gspurge,annual G G FG FG FG FG P P P G FGstarbur,bristly E E GE GE GE GE P P P E GEvelvetleaf E GE G G G G P P P GE Gvol.cornRRhybridsRR+LLhybrids

EPP

EPP

FFP

FFP

FFP

FFP

PPP

EEE

GEGEGE

EPP

PPP

vol.peanuts F F GE E GE GE P P P F P1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Useonlyonglyphosate‐tolerantcottonvarieties.3Useonlyonglufosinate‐tolerant(LibertyLink[LL])cottonvarieties.


91

PostemergenceBroadcastHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton(cont)

Herbicide

Rate/AcreBroadcast

ModeofAction

PreharvestInterval

RestrictedEntryIntervalFormulation

ActiveIngredient

AssureII0.88E(quizalofop)

5‐12floz 0.034‐0.069lb

1

80days 12hours

Comments: ApplyASSURE at 7‐8 oz/A over‐top to control annual grasses up to 6” tall. Apply 5 oz/A to controlvolunteerRR‐cornincotton.Forcontrolofrhizomejohnsongrass,apply5ozofAssureIIwhenjohnsongrassis10‐24"tallandthenretreatwith5ozwhenregrowthreaches6‐10"tall.Forbermudagrasscontrol,apply10‐12oz/Aat3”tall(upto6”runners).AddCOCat1gal/100gallonsor1qt/100gallonsofspraymixture.Applicationintervalsshouldbe7daysaparttoallowforregrowth.Donotexceed18oz/Ainagrowingseason.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Cotoran4L(fluometuron)

2.0‐2.5pt 1.0‐1.25lb

7

60days 24hours

Comments:ApplyCOTORANtocottonafterreaching3inchesinheight.Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth(lessthan2inchestall)andannualmorningglory(lessthan3inchestall).Addsurfactantat2qt/100galofspraysolution.TankmixpartnersmayincludeMSMA,PARALLELPCS,PYRIMAXRainfastinterval=2hours.

DualMag.7.62EC(s‐metolachlor)ParallelPCS8.0EC(metolachlor)

1.0‐1.33pt 0.95‐1.27lb

15

100days 24hours

Comments: ApplyMETOLACHLORatwhencottonis3to6 inchestall.DUALMAGNUMdoesnotcontrolemergedweeds,butwillprovideresidualcontrolofannualgrasses,pigweeds,andsuppressionofyellownutsedge.TankmixwithMSMA,GLYPHOSATE(ROUNDUPREADYFLEX)orLIBERTY(LIBERTY‐LINK)forcontrolofemergedweeds.Donotapplytosandorloamysandsoils.Rainfastinterval=none.

EnlistOne3.8SL(2,4‐Dcholine)

1.5‐2.0pt 0.71‐0.95lbae 4 30days 48hours

Comments:USEONLYONENLISTTRAITEDCOTTONVARIETIES.ApplyENLISTONEfromcottonemergencebutnolaterthanfullflowering(mid‐bloomstage)whenweedsaresmallsmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4inchesforPalmeramaranth).BeforeapplyingENLISTONE,conductasurveyoftheareasurroundingtheplannedtreatedfield forsusceptiblecrops(tomatoes, fruitingvegetables,cucurbits,grapes,andcotton). Ifyoucansee thesusceptiblecropandthewindisblowingtowardit,DONOTSPRAY.Makeonetotwopostemergenceapplicationswithaminimumof12daysbetweenapplications.Watercarriervolumeshouldbe10to15gallonsperacreforbestresults.Donotapplyatwindspeedsarelessthan3mphorgreaterthan15mph.Donotapplyduringtemperatureinversion conditions because drift potential is high.A30 ftdownwide fieldbuffer (whereENLISTONE isnotsprayed)isrequiredwhenwindisblowingtowardasensitivearea(i.e.,woodedfenceline).Spraydriftpotentialincreasessignificantlyasboomheightincreases;therefore,positiontheboomheightattheminimumheightsuggestedonthenozzlemanufacturer’sdirections.DonotaeriallyapplyENLISTONE.Donotapplymorethan2.0ptsperacreinasingleapplicationandmorethan6.0ptsofENLISTONEperacrecombinedperseason.DonotapplyENLISTONEifrainisexpectedwithin24hoursofapplicationorirrigatetreatedfieldswithin24hours.ConsultENLISTDUOlabeland/or theweb sitewww.enlisttankmix.com for themost up‐to‐date approved tankmixpartners, required spraynozzles,andstewardshippractices.Toavoid futuresusceptiblecrop injury fromre‐useof thesprayeraftersprayingENLISTONE,thoroughlycleanusingcleanwaterthetank,lines,filters,pumps,strainers,nozzlesbodies,andnozzlesusingthetriplerinsemethodrecommendedintheENLISTONElabel.

REMEMBER:AVOIDINGSPRAYDRIFTATTHEAPPLICATIONSITEISTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEAPPLICATOR!


92





EnlistDuo3.3SL(2,4‐DCholine+glyphosate)

3.5‐4.75pt 0.70‐0.95lbae

+0.73‐1.01lbae

49

30days 48hours

Comments:USEONLYONENLISTTRAITEDCOTTONVARIETIES.ApplyENLISTDUOfromcottonemergencebutnolaterthanfullflowering(mid‐bloomstage)whenweedsaresmallsmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4inchesforPalmeramaranth).BeforeapplyingENLISTDUO,conductasurveyoftheareasurroundingtheplannedtreatedfieldforsusceptiblecrops(tomatoes,fruitingvegetables,cucurbits,grapes,andcotton[non‐ENLIST]).Ifyoucanseethesusceptiblecropandthewindisblowingtowardit,DONOTSPRAY.Makeonetotwopostemergenceapplicationswithaminimumof12daysbetweenapplications.Watercarriervolumeshouldbe10to15gallonsperacreforbestresults.Donotapplyatwindspeedsarelessthan3mphorgreaterthan15mph.Donotapplyduringtemperatureinversionconditionsbecausedriftpotentialishigh.A30ftdownwidefieldbuffer(whereENLISTDUOisnotsprayed)isrequiredwhenwindisblowingtowardasensitivearea(i.e.,woodedfenceline).Spraydriftpotentialincreasessignificantlyasboomheightincreases;therefore,positiontheboomheightattheminimumheightsuggestedonthenozzlemanufacturer’sdirections.DonotaeriallyapplyENLISTDUO.Donotapplymorethan4.75ptsperacreperapplicationandmorethan14.75ptsofENLISTDUOperacrefromallapplicationsperseason.DonotapplyENLISTDUOifrainisexpectedwithin24hoursofapplicationorirrigatetreatedfieldswithin24hours.ConsultENLISTDUOlabeland/orthewebsitewww.enlisttankmix.comforthemostup‐to‐dateapprovedtankmixpartners,requiredspraynozzles,andstewardshippractices.Toavoidfuturesusceptiblecropinjuryfromre‐useofthesprayeraftersprayingENLISTDUO,thoroughlycleanusingcleanwaterthetank,lines,filters,pumps,strainers,nozzlesbodies,andnozzlesusingthetriplerinsemethoddescribedinthesprayerequipmentcleanoutsectiononpagexx.BufferRequirementsforSensitiveAreas:Maintaina30‐footdownwindbufferbetweenthelasttreatedrowandclosestdownwindedge(inthedirectioninwhichthewindisblowing).Thefollowingareasmaybeincludedinthebufferdistancewhenadjacenttofieldedges:roads,pavedorgravelsurfaces;plantedagriculturalfields(exceptthosecropslistedinthesusceptiblecropssectionbelow);agriculturalfieldsthathavebeenpreparedforplanting;andareascoveredbythefootprintofabuilding,silo,orothermanmadestructurewithwallsandaroof.

EnlistCotton

30ftDownwind

Buffer

SensitiveArea

WindDirection SusceptibleCrops:DONOTAPPLYENLISTDUOwhenwindisblowingtowardanadjacentnon‐Enlistsusceptiblecrop[suchastomatoes,fruitingvegetables,cucurbits,grapes,andcotton(non‐Enlist)]:

DONOTSPRAY

EnlistCotton

Susceptible

Crop

WindDirection

REMEMBER:AVOIDINGSPRAYDRIFTATTHEAPPLICATIONSITEISTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHE

APPLICATOR!


93





Engenia5.0SL(dicamba)

12.8floz. 0.5lbae

4

7days 24hours

Comments:ENGENIAisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.NoapplicationsofENGENIAarepermittedafterDecember20,2018.USEONLYONCOTTONCONTAININGTHEXTENDFLEXTECHNOLOGY!ApplyENGENIAover‐the‐topfromemergenceuntil7daysbeforeharvestwhenbroadleafweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4inchesforPalmeramaranth). BeforeapplyingENGENIA,conductasurveyoftheareasurroundingtheplannedtreatedareaforsusceptiblecrops(tomatoes,fruitingvegetables,cucurbits,grapes,andnon‐dicambatolerantcrops).Ifyoucanseethesusceptiblecropandthewindisblowingtowardit,DONOTSPRAY. Nozzlesthatproducecoarse to ultra‐coarse dropletsAREREQUIRED when applying ENGENIA. Consult www.engeniatankmix.com forapprovednozzles.Donotuseanyothernozzleandpressurecombinationnotspecificallylistedonthewebsite.Makeonetotwopostemergenceapplicationswithaminimumof7daysbetweenapplications.Applyinaminimumof10gallonsperacre(Ahighervolumemaybeneededfordenseweedinfestations).Donotapplyatwindspeedslessthan3mphorgreaterthan10mph.Donotexceedaboomheightof24inchesabovetargetpestorcropcanopy.DonotapplyENGENIAbetweensunsetandsunrise(nonightapplicationsallowed).DonotaeriallyapplyENGENIA.Donotapplyduringtemperatureinversionconditionsbecausedriftpotentialishigh.Donotexceedagroundspeedof15milesperhour(5mphisrecommendedgroundspeed).DonottankmixammoniumcontainingadditiveswithENGENIA.DonottankmixENGENIAwithLORSBANinsecticide.DonotapplyENGENIAifrainisexpectedinnext24hours. Clean spray equipment immediately after applying ENGENIA using the triple rinse method (see sprayerequipmentcleanoutsectiononpagexxofthishandbookformoredetails).Rainfastinterval=4hours.BufferRequirementsforSensitiveAreas:Maintaina110‐footdownwindbufferbetweenthelasttreatedrowandclosestdownwindedge(inthedirectioninwhichthewindisblowing).Thefollowingareasmaybeincludedinthebufferdistancewhenadjacenttofieldedges:roads,pavedorgravelsurfaces;plantedagriculturalfieldscontainingcorn, dicamba tolerant cotton, dicamba tolerant soybean, sorghum, proso millet, small grains, and sugarcane;agriculturalfieldsthathavebeenpreparedforplanting;andareascoveredbythefootprintofabuilding,silo,orothermanmadestructurewithwallsandaroof.

DicambaTolerantCotton

110or220ftDownwindBuffer

SensitiveArea

WindDirection SuscetibleCrops:DONOTAPPLYENGENIAwhenwindisblowingtowardadjacentnon‐dicambatolerantsusceptiblecrops(ThisincludesNON‐DICAMBATOLERANTSOYBEANANDCOTTON):

DONOTSPRAY


Susceptible

Crop

WindDirection



94





Envoke75WDG(trifloxysulfuron)

0.10‐0.15oz 0.0046‐0.0069lb

2

60days 12hours

Comments: Apply ENVOKE to 5‐leaf or greater cotton for control of pigweed, annual morningglory, and yellownutsedge.WeakonPalmeramaranth.AddNIS(aminimumof80%surfaceactive)at1qt/100galofspraysolution.Donotapplywithanyotheradditiveorgrowthregulatorasunacceptableinjurymayoccur.TankmixwithSTAPLEforenhancedsmallflowermorningglorycontrol.Donotapplyasapreemergenceassubstantialcottoninjurywillresult.Rainfastinterval=3hours.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason.

FusiladeDX2EC(fluazifop‐p‐butyl)

8‐12floz 0.125‐0.188lb

1

90days 12hours

Comments: Controlsannualandperennialgrassesbeforetheyexceed6‐8"tall.Forrhizomejohnsongrasscontrol,apply12oz/Awhenitis8‐18"tall.Makeasecondapplication(8oz/A)whenregrowthis6‐12"tall.Forbermudagrass,apply12oz/Awhenrunnersare4‐8"long,and8oz/Awhenre‐growthreaches4‐8".AddCOCat1gal/100gallonorNIS2pt/100galofspraysolution.ControlsvolunteerRR‐cornincotton.Donotapplyafterbollset.Doapplymorethan48oz/Aperorwithin90daysofharvest.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Fusion2.56EC(fluazifop‐p‐butyl+fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl)

8‐12oz 0.16‐0.24lb

11

90days 24hours

Comments:ApplyFUSIONat8oz/A forcontrolofmostannualgrassesbefore theyexceed6‐8" tall.For rhizomejohnsongrass,apply10‐12oz/Aforcontrolofjohnsongrass8‐18"tall.Asecond8oz/Atreatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowth6‐12"tall.Forbermudagrass,treat4‐8"runnerswith12oz/A,andthenapplyasecondapplicationof8oz/Ato4‐8"re‐growth.AddCOCat1gal/100orNISat2pt/100gallonofspraysolution.ControlsvolunteerRR‐cornincotton.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


22‐32floz

0.75‐1.12lbae

9 7days 4hours

Comments: USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASGLY‐TOLORROUNDUPREADYFLEX!ApplyGLYPHOSATEat0.75to1.12lbae/Aover‐the‐topfromgroundcrackingupto7daysbeforeharvest.Controlsannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Ingeneral,thefirstover‐the‐topbroadcastapplicationshouldbeappliedearlytominimizeweedcompetition(1to3”tallweeds).Norestrictiononthetimingofsequentialtreatments.TankmixwithSTAPLE,DUALMAGNUM, orWARRANT for residual control ofweeds. Aerial application rates are limited to 0.75 lb ae/A.Maximumcombined totalofallapplications fromemergence throughharvestcannotexceed4.5 lbae/A.Rainfastinterval=2hours.ResistanceManagement: Glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth is spreading rapidly throughout South Carolina.Continuedrelianceonglyphosate‐onlyprogramswillenhanceselectionandspreadofresistantbiotypes. Tankmixingglyphosatewithotherchemistriesmustbeutilized.BiotypesofPalmeramaranthresistanttobothALS‐andglyphosatechemistrieshavebeenconfirmedinSouthCarolina.


95






29‐43floz 0.53‐0.79lb

10

70days 12hours

Comments:USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASLIBERTY‐LINK!ApplyLIBERTY/INTERLINEinaminimumof 15GPAusing flat fannozzles at 30‐60PSI fromemergenceup to thebloomgrowth stage. Spraycoverage isessential formaximumLIBERTY/INTERLINEperformance.Controlsannualgrasses,broadleafweeds,andALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth(lessthan4”tall).Uptothreeover‐the‐topapplications(donotexceed36oz/Aperapplication)spacedapartby10‐14daysmaybemade,butdonotexceed87oz/Apergrowingseason.AddAMSat3lb/Atothespraysolution.TankmixwithSTAPLEorDUALMAGNUMforresidualweedcontrol.Donot apply LIBERTY in conjunctionwith grass herbicides (i.e., SELECT, FUSILADE, or POAST).Applications ofpostemergencegrassherbicidesandLIBERTY/INTERLINEshouldbeseparatedbyatleast5days.Donotgrazethetreatedcroporcutforhay.Rainfastinterval=4hours.ResistanceManagement:DonotrelysolelyonGLUFOSINATEforcompleteweedcontrolincotton.Tankmixaresidualherbicide(s)ateachGLUFOSINATEapplication.Soilresidualherbicidesatburndownandatplantingwillhelpensureoptimum weed management particularly if environmental conditions delay timely sprayer operations. Residualherbicidesthroughtoutthegrowingseasonareakeycomponentofgoodweedresistancestrategies.

MSMA6.6(MSMA)MSMA6Plus

2.4pt

2.66pt

2.0lb

17

‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyMSMAover‐the‐top cotton from3‐leaf (3 inches)up toearly first square stage (about6 inchcotton),whichevercomesfirstusinggroundequipment.Slightburningandareddishcolorationofthecottonleavesmayoccurfollowingapplication,butplantwilldevelopnormally.Onlyoneapplicationisallowedperseason(at2lbai/A),exceptwhereasalvageoperation isneeded(i.e.,Palmeramaranthescapesthe firstapplication).Asecondrepeatsalvagetreatmentshouldbetimed1to3weeksafterfirstapplication.Donotmakemorethantwoapplicationsperseasonwithaseasonalmaximumof4lbaiperacreperseason.Donotapplywithin50ftofpermanentwaterbodies or aquatic habitat including, but not limited to lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, marshes, ponds, andestuaries.Applyonlywhenconditionsdonotfavordriftontoadjacentcrops.Donotfeedfoliagetolivestockorgrazetreatedareas.Donotapplyafterfirstbloom.

Poast1.5E(sethoxydim)PoastPlus1E

1.0‐1.5pt

1.5‐2.25pt

0.19‐0.28lb

1

75days 12hours

Comments: ApplyPOAST/POASTPLUSanytimeduringcropgrowthbeforeannualgrassesexceed4‐6"tall. Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply1.5pt/A(2.25pt/APOASTPLUS)upto25"tall.Asecond1.0pt/A(1.5pt/APOASTPLUS)treatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowthupto12"tall.Forbermudagrass,treat6"runnerswith1.5pt/A(2.25pt/APOASTPLUS),andthenapplyasecondapplicationof1.0pt/A(1.5pt/APOASTPLUS)to4"re‐growth.Add1pt/AofDASHHCorSUNDANCEHCadjuvantorCOC2pt/A.IncludeUANat4‐8pt/AorAMSat2.5lb/Aforenhanced crabgrass activity. Consult label for tankmix partners. Controls volunteer corn in cotton.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


96






1.0‐2.0pt

1.2‐2.4pt

0.48‐0.95lb

0.50‐0.99lb

3

60days 24hours

Comments:ApplyPROWLbroadcastpostemergenceoverthetopaftercottonreachesthe4‐to5‐leafstageofgrowth,butnotafterthe8‐leafstageofgrowth.Overthetopapplicationsmadebeforethe4‐leafstageorafterthe8‐leafstageofdevelopmentmayresultincropinjuryand/oryieldloss.Ifatimelyirrigationfollowsorrainoccursafterapplication,PROWL provides residual control of Palmer amaranth (glyphosate‐ and ALS‐resistant biotypes), commonlambsquarters,Floridapusley,andcrabgrass.PostemergenceapplicationsofPROWLmaycausetemporarygrowthreductionand/orleafdiscolorationormalformationofcottonfollowingapplication.Note: If your field has a history of poor Palmer amaranth controlwith yellow herbicides, consider an alternativepostemergenceresidualherbicide,suchasWARRANTorDUALMAGNUM.

ProwlH2O3.8CS(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3EC+Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal

1.0‐2.0pt

1.2‐2.4pt

22‐32floz

0.48‐0.95lb

0.50‐0.99lb

0.75‐1.12lbae

39

60days 24hours

Comments:USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASROUNDUPREADYFLEX!ApplyPROWLbroadcastpostemergenceoverthetopaftercottonreachesthe4‐to5‐leafstageofgrowth,butnotafterthe8‐leafstageofgrowth.Overthetopapplicationsmadebeforethe4‐leafstageorafterthe8‐leafstageofdevelopmentmayresultincropinjuryand/oryieldloss.ControlsPalmeramaranth(glyphosate‐andALS‐resistantbiotypes),commonlambsquarters,Floridapusley, andcrabgrass. PostemergenceapplicationsofPROWLmaycause temporarygrowth reduction and/or leafdiscolorationormalformationofcottonfollowingapplication.Note:IfyourfieldhasahistoryofpoorPalmeramaranthcontrolwithyellowherbicides,consideranalternativepostemergenceresidualherbicide suchasWARRANTorDUALMAGNUM.

ProwlH2O3.8CS(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3EC+Liberty280SL2.34S(glufosinate)

1.0‐2.0pt

1.2‐2.4pt

29‐43floz

0.48‐0.95lb

0.50‐0.99lb

0.53‐0.79lb

310

70days 24hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON COTTON VARIETIES DESIGNATED AS LIBERTY‐LINK! Apply PROWL broadcastpostemergenceoverthetopaftercottonreachesthe4‐to5‐leafstageofgrowth,butnotafterthe8‐leafstageofgrowth.Overthetopapplicationsmadebeforethe4‐leafstageorafterthe8‐leafstageofdevelopmentmayresultincropinjuryand/oryieldloss.ControlsPalmeramaranth(glyphosate‐andALS‐resistantbiotypes),commonlambsquarters,Floridapusley, andcrabgrass. PostemergenceapplicationsofPROWLmaycause temporarygrowth reduction and/or leafdiscolorationormalformationofcottonfollowingapplication.Note:IfyourfieldhasahistoryofpoorPalmeramaranthcontrolwithyellowherbicides,consideranalternativepostemergenceresidualherbicide suchasWARRANTorDUALMAGNUM.


97





Select2EC(clethodim)SelectMAX0.97EC

6.0‐16.0oz

9.0‐32.0oz

0.094‐0.25lb

0.068‐0.24lb

1

70days 24hours

Comments: ApplySELECT/SELECTMAXanytimeduringcropgrowthbeforeannualgrassesexceed4‐6"tall. Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply8oz/A(12‐14oz/ASELECTMAX)upto24"tall.Asecond6oz/A(6‐18oz/ASELECTMAX)treatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowth.Forbermudagrass,treat6"runnerswith8oz/A(16oz/ASELECTMAX), andapply8oz/A (16oz/ASELECTMAX) to6" re‐growth.AddCOCat1qt/AplusAMSat2.5‐4.0 lb/A forenhancedjohnsongrassandvolunteercornactivity.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Sequence5.25L(glyphosate+s‐metolachlor)

2.5pt

0.75lbae

+0.94lb

915

100days 24hours

Comments: USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASROUNDUPREADYFLEX!Apply2.5pt/Aover‐the‐topfromcotyledonstageupto10‐leafstage(nottoexceed12‐inchcotton).Donotapplyafterthe10‐leafstageofcottondevelopmentas severe injury, includingyield loss,mayoccur.Controls annual grassesandbroadleaves. Ingeneral,thefirstover‐the‐topbroadcastapplicationshouldbeappliedearlytominimizeweedcompetition(1to3”tallweeds).DonotaddAMSorotheradjuvants.Thiscombinationprovidesresidualcontrolofannualgrasses,pigweeds,Floridapusley,dayflower,andsuppressionofyellownutsedge.Donotexceed3.5pt/Aperseason.DonottankmixwithSTAPLE.Rainfastinterval=2hours.

StapleLX3.2SL(pyrithiobac)

1.3‐3.8floz

0.033‐0.095lb

2

60days 4hours

Comments: ApplySTAPLEover‐the‐toporpost‐directedbeginningat the first true leafstageofcottontocontrolcocklebur,pigweed,andannualmorningglory.FairtogoodperformanceonPalmeramaranth(lessthan2”tall).Forheavilyinfestedfieldwithglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,applySTAPLEat2.6oz/A.AddNISat1qt/100galofspraysolution.Maycausetemporaryleafyellowing,bronzing,orcrinklingparticularlyundercoolconditions.Atotalof5.1oz/Amaybeappliedperseason.Allowaminimumof7daysbetweenapplications.STAPLEmaybetank‐mixedwithmost insecticides approved for use on cotton. Do not tankmixwith any DUAL product. DUAL and STAPLEapplicationsshouldbespacedapartbyat least5days.Donottank‐mixwithmalathion‐containing insecticides.Toavoid injury, MALATHION insecticide application should be made at least 24 hours before or after a STAPLEapplication.Rainfastinterval=4hours.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


3pt 1.125lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyWARRANTover‐the‐topfromemergenceuntilcottonreachesfirstbloom.Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededbroadleavesandgrasses.Optimumapplicationtimingforfirstbroadcastapplicationis2‐3leafstagefollowedbyaseconddirectedapplicationat5‐6leafstage(seePOSTDIRECTEDsection).Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATE(useonlyonROUNDUPREADYFLEXvarieties)orLIBERTY(useonlyonLIBERTYLINKvarieties)forcontrolofexistingweeds.DonotapplyWARRANTusingasprayablefluidfertilizerasthecarrierbecauseofseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonotapplyWARRANTtothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.


98





Xtendimax2.9SL(dicamba)FeXapan2.9SL

22floz. 0.5lbae

4

7days 24hours

Comments:XTENDIMAXANDFEXAPANARERESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDES.USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESWITHTHE XTENDFLEX TECHNOLOGY! Do not use XTENDIMAX or FEXAPAN after November 9, 2018. ApplyXTENDIMAX/FEXAPANover‐the‐topfromemergenceupto7daysbeforeharvestwhenbroadleafweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4inchesforPalmeramaranth). BeforeapplyingXENDIMAXorFEXAPAN,conductasurveyoftheareasurroundingtheplannedtreatedareaforsusceptiblecrops(tomatoes,fruitingvegetables,cucurbits,grapes,andnon‐dicambatolerantcrops).Ifyoucanseethesusceptiblecropandthewindisblowingtoward it,DO NOT SPRAY. Nozzles that produce coarse to ultra‐coarse droplets are required when applyingXTENDIMAX or FEXAPAN. Consult the websites www.xtendimaxapplicationrequirements.com orwww.fexapanapplicationrequirements.dupont.comforapprovednozzles.Donotuseanyothernozzleandpressurecombinationnotspecificallylistedonthewebsites.Makeonetotwopostemergenceapplicationswithaminimumof7daysbetweenapplications.Applyinaminimumof15gallonsperacre.Donotapplyatwindspeedslessthan3mphorgreaterthan10mph.Donotexceedaboomheightof24inchesabovetargetpestorcropcanopy.Donotapply XTENDIMAX or FEXAPAN between sunset and sunrise (no night applications). Do not aerially applyXTENDIMAXorFEXAPAN.Donotapplyduringtemperatureinversionconditionsbecausedriftpotentialishigh.Donotexceedagroundspeedof15milesperhour(5mphisrecommendedgroundspeed).DonottankmixammoniumsaltcontainingproductswithXTENDIMAXorFEXAPAN.DonotapplyXTENDIMAXorFEXAPANifrainisexpectedinnext24hours.CleansprayequipmentimmediatelyafterapplyingXTENDIMAXorFEXAPANusingthetriplerinsemethod(seesprayerequipmentcleanoutsectiononpagexxofthishandbookformoredetails).Buffer Requirements for Sensitive Areas: Maintain a 110‐foot downwind buffer (up to 22 fl oz ofXTENDIMAX/FEXAPANperacre)ora220‐footdownwindbuffer(>22upto44flozofXTENDIMAX/FEXAPANperacre)betweenthelasttreatedrowandclosestdownwindedge(inthedirectioninwhichthewindisblowing).Thefollowingareasmaybeincludedinthebufferdistancewhenadjacenttofieldedges:roads,pavedorgravelsurfaces;plantedagriculturalfieldscontainingcorn,dicambatolerantcotton,dicambatolerantsoybean,sorghum,prosomillet,smallgrains,andsugarcane;agriculturalfieldthathavebeenpreparedforplanting;andareascoveredbythefootprintofabuilding,silo,orothermanmadestructurewithwallsand/orroof.



SensitiveArea

WindDirection SuscetibleCrops: DONOTAPPLYXTENDIMAXorFEXAPANwhenwindisblowingtowardadjacentnon‐dicambatolerantsusceptiblecrops(ThisincludesNON‐DICAMBATOLERANTSOYBEANANDCOTTON):

DONOTSPRAY


Susceptible

Crop

WindDirection



99

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceDirectedCottonHerbicides1

Aim

Liberty

2

MSM

A

MSM

A+Caparol

MSM

A+Cobra

MSM

A+Cotoran

MSM

A+Direx

MSM

A+LaybyPro

MSM

A+Suprend

MSM

A+Valor

FlexstarGT3

anoda,spurred G P P F F FG F F F G Ebarnyardgrass P FG F FG F F F FG FG FG Ebeggarweed,Florida G P P F F FG F F F G Ebermudagrass P P P P P P P P P P Fcitronmelon P G F G G G G G G G Ecocklebur,common G E E E E E E E E E Ecowpea G G FG G FG G G G G G Ecrabgrass P FG F FG F F F FG FG FG Ecrotalaria,showy G E G G G G G G G G Ecroton,tropic G G F G E G G G GE E Ecrowfootgrass P FG F FG F F F FG FG FG Edayflower,Benghal P PF GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE PFeclipta G G G G G G E E G E Egoosegrass P F F FG F F F FG FG F Ejimsonweed G E F G GE GE G G G G Ejohnsongrass,seedling P G F FG F F F FG FG F Ejohnsongrass,rhizome P F P P P P P P P P Glambsquarters,common FG E P G F G G G G G Emorninggloryspp. GE E F E E G GE GE E E Gnutsedge,purple P P F F F F F F E FG FGnutsedge,yellow P P FG FG FG FG G G E G Gpanicum,fall P FG F FG F F F FG FG FG Epanicum,Texas P P P F P P P F F PF Epigweedspp.glyphosate‐resistantALS‐resistant

GGG

GGG

PPP

FGFGFG

GGG

FGFGFG

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

GGG

EGE

poinsettia,wild G PF PF PF G F PF G P G Gpurslane,common P F PF FG G FG G G G G FGpusley,Florida G F P F F F F F F FG Gragweed,common FG E F E E GE E E E GE Eredweed(chocolateweed) G GE P G GE FG GE GE G GE Gryegrass,annual G FG P P FG P GE GE P F Esandbur P FG F FG F F F FG FG F Esenna,coffee ‐‐‐ GE F G F G G G ‐‐‐ G Esesbania,hemp P ‐‐‐ P PF F PF PF ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G GEsicklepod P E F GE PF G GE GE E GE Esida,prickly FG GE P GE GE FG GE GE GE GE Gsignalgrass,broadleaf P FG F FG F F F FG FG F Esmartweed,Pennsylvania ‐‐‐ GE P F F G F F ‐‐‐ G Gspurge G FG P G G P G G G G Estarbur,bristly ‐‐‐ G PF G G G G G GE G GEvelvetleaf F G P G G F G G FG G Evol.cornRRhybridsRR+LLhybrids

PPP

GGP

PPP

FGFGFG

FGFGFG

FGFGFG

GGG

GGG

FGFGFG

GGG

EFF

vol.peanut P E F F F F G G FG G F1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2UseonlyonLibertyLink(LL)cottonvarieties3Useonlyonglyphosate‐tolerant(Gly‐TolorRoundupReady[RR]Flex)cottonvarieties.


100

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceDirectedCottonHerbicides(cont)1

Glyphosate2

Glyphosate+Aim/ET2

Glyphosate+Caparol

2

Glyphosate+Direx

2

Glyphosate+Envoke2

Glyphosate+Prowl2

Glyphosate+Staple

2

Glypohsate+Valor

2

Prefix

Reflex

Sequence

2

Xtendimax

3

HOOD

Gramoxone+Direx

anoda,spurred E E E E E E E E P P E G Gbarnyardgrass E E E E E E E E P P E P Gbeggarweed,Florida E E E E E E E E G G E G Ebermudagrass F F F F F F F F P P F P Pcitronmelon GE GE GE GE E GE E E G G E G Gcocklebur,common E E E E E E E E G G E E Gcowpea GE GE GE GE GE GE GE E F F GE E Gcrabgrass E E GE GE E E E E P P E P Gcrotalaria,showy G G G G G G G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G Gcroton,tropic E E E E E E E E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E GE Fcrowfootgrass E E GE GE E E E E P P E P Gdayflower,Benghal PF GE FG FG PF PF FG GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ PF P Geclipta E E E E E E E E G G E G Fgoosegrass E E GE GE E E E E P P E P Gjimsonweed E E E E E E E E G G E E Gjohnsongrass,seedling E E GE GE E E E E P P E P Gjohnsongrass,rhizome GE GE G G E GE GE GE P P GE P Plambsquarters,common G GE GE GE GE G GE GE FG FG G E Fmorningglory,annual FG E GE GE GE FG GE E G G FG E FGnutsedge,purple FG FG FG FG GE FG FG GE FG P FG P PFnutsedge,yellow G F F F E G FG E F P F P PFpanicum,fall E E GE GE E E E E P P E P Gpanicum,Texas E E GE GE E E E E P P E P Gpigweedspp.glyphosate‐resistantALS‐resistant

EPE

EFE

EFE

EGE

EGE

EPE

EGE

EGE

EEE

EEE

EPE

EEE

GEGEGE

poinsettia,wild G GE GE G E G G GE G G GE E Gpurslane,common F G FG GE FG F FG GE P P F ‐‐‐ Gpusley,Florida PF G G G PF PF PF GE GE GE PF P PFragweed,common E E E E E E E E GE GE GE E Fredweed(chocolateweed) GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE G G GE E FGryegrass,annual E E E E E E E E F F E P Fsandbur,field E E GE GE E E E E P P E P Gsenna,coffee E E E E E E E E FG FG GE E Fsesbania,hemp F GE GE FG FG F GE FG GE GE G E Fsicklepod E E E E E E E E FG FG E E GEsida,prickly FG FG G G FG FG G GE FG FG FG E PFsignalgrass,broadleaf E E GE GE E E E E P P E P GEsmartweed,Pennsylvania G GE G G E G E G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G E Gspurge G GE G GE G G G G G G G E Gstarbur,bristly GE GE GE GE GE GE GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE E Evelvetleaf E E E E E E E E PF PF E E ‐‐‐vol.cornRRhybridsRR+LLhybrids

EFGFG

EFGFG

EFGFG

EFGFG

EGEGE

EFGFG

EFGFG

EGEGE

FGFGFG

FFF

EFGFG

PPP

FFF

vol.peanut G GE G G FG FG F FG P P G E P1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Useonlyonglyphosate‐tolerant(Gly‐TolorRoundupReady[RR]Flex)cottonvarieties3UseonlyonBollgardIIXtendFlexcottonvarieties


101

PostemergenceDirectedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton





1.0‐1.6floz 0.013‐0.025lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMat1.0‐1.6oz/Awhencotton isaminimumof6” tall (if less than5‐6nodes,useahoodedsprayer)andwhereasufficientheightdifferentialexistsbetweencropandweed(3‐4”).Caremustbetakentoensurethatnospraycontactsgreenfoliageorunbarkedstem;otherwise,severecropinjurymayoccur.Forbestperformance,applytoactivelygrowingweedslessthan4”tall.Coverageisessentialforgoodcontrol.AddCOC1galorNISat2pt/100gallonsofspraysolution.Foradditionalcontrolofbroadleafandgrassweeds,AIMmaybetankmixedwithotherherbicideslabeledforcottonpost‐directedandlaybyapplications.

Caparol4L(prometryn)

1.3‐2.4pt 0.65‐1.2lb

5

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyCAPAROLat1.3pt/Awhencottonis6inchestallandupto2.4pt/Awhencottonisatleast12”tallbefore weeds are 2 inches in height. Add NIS at 2 qt/100 gal of spray solution. Tankmix partnersmay includeGLYPHOSATE,MSMA,orGRAMOXONE(hoodedapplicatationsonly).

Cobra2EC(lactofen)

6.0‐12.5floz 0.094‐0.195lb

14

70days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCOBRAwhencottonis6”tallandwheresufficientheightdifferentialexistsbetweencropandweed(3‐4”).Directspraytothelower2inchesofthecottonstemtoavoidinjury.Applywhenweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing.Adjustnozzlestoensurefullcoverageoftargetweeds.Donotapplymorethan25floz/AofCOBRAperyear.Donotapplymorethan2applicationsofCOBRAperseason.DonotapplyasequentialapplicationofCOBRAwithin14daysoffirstapplication.TankmixpartnersmayincludeMSMAorDIURON.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.

Cotoran4L(fluometuron)

2.0‐4.0pt 1.0‐2.0lb

7

60days 24hours

Comments:ApplyCOTORANat2.0‐4.0pt/A(dependingonsoiltexture)whencottonisatleast3”tall.Addsurfactantat2qt/100galofspraysolution.TankmixpartnersmayincludePYRIMAX,PARALLELPCS,andMSMA.

Diuron4F(diuron)

1.0‐1.5pt

0.4‐1.2lb

7

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyDIREXat1.0‐1.5pt/Awhencottonisatleast6inchestall(1.0pt/Aon6‐8”tallcottonand1.5pt/Aon cotton that is 8‐12” tall). For enhanced control of emerged weeds, tank mix with MSMA, GLYPHOSATE, orGRAMOXONE(hoodedonly).

DualMagnum7.62EC(s‐metolachlor)

1.0‐1.33qt

0.95‐1.27lb

15

80days 24hours

Comments: ApplyDUALMAGNUMat 1.0‐1.33 pt/Awhen cotton is at least 3 inches tall. For enhanced control ofemergedweeds,tankmixwithMSMA,GLYPHOSATE,CAPAROLorCOTORAN.


102

PostemergenceDirectedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton(cont)





0.5‐1.0floz

0.3‐0.6floz

0.0008‐0.0016lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyETat0.5‐1.0floz/AorETXat0.3‐0.6floz/Awhencottonisatleast18"tallandhasaminimumof3”ofstembark.Applywhenweedsarelessthan4”tall.Avoidcontactwithdesirablefoliage.Allowaminimumof30daysbetweenapplications.Rainfastinterval=N/A

Envoke(trifloxysulfuron)

0.1‐0.2oz 0.0047‐0.0094lb

2

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyENVOKEat0.1‐0.2oz/Awhencottonatleast6"tallthroughlayby.Forcontrolofemergedweeds(usehigherratefor largerweeds;max4”tall).AddNISat2qtorCOCat1gal/100galofspraysolution.Rainfastinterval=3hours.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


3.0oz 0.063lb

+0.080lb

1415

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIERCEat3.0oz/Awhencottonisatleast6”tallwithadirectedshieldedsprayer.Forlaybytimings,FIERCEappliedwhencottonisatleast18”tallandshouldbedirectedatthelower2inchesofthecottonstemtoavoidinjury.FIERCEshouldbetankmixedwithMSMA,DIURON,orGLYPHOSATEtocontrolemergedweeds.AddNISat1qtper100galofspraysolution.Donotapplymorethan3oz/AofFIERCEduringasingleapplication.Donotapplymore6oz/Aduringasinglegrowingseason.DonotmakeasequentialapplicationofFIERCEwithin30daysofthefirstapplicationofFIERCE.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

FlexstarGT3.5SL(fomesafen +glyphosate)

3.5pt 0.25lb+

0.99lbae

149

70days 24hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON COTTON VARIETIES DESIGNATED AS ROUNDUP READY FLEX! For directedapplications,applyFLEXSTARGTtocottonatleast6”tall.ApplyFLEXSTARGTtocottonatleast18”tallwith4”ofbarkatthebaseoftheplantatlayby.Caremustbetakensothatnospraycontactsgreenfoliageorunbarkedstem;otherwise,severecropinjurymayoccur.ApplyFLEXSTARGTwhenweedsaresmall(2‐4cotyledonstageforbroadleafweeds)andifactivatedbyrainfallwillprovideresidualweedcontrol.Donotapplymorethan3.5pt/AofFLEXSTARGT per postemergence directed application per year. Tank mix partners may include any herbicide labeled forpostemergencedirectedapplicationsincotton.Rainfastinterval=1hour.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


103





Glyphosate acidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal

22‐32floz

0.75‐1.12lbae

9

7days 4hours

Comments:USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASROUNDUPREADYFLEX!Apply0.63to1.12lbae/Afromcrackinguntil7daysbeforeharvest.Controlsannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Directsprayallowsbettercontactwithweedsunderthecottoncanopy.Bestresultsareobtainedwhenweedsarelessthan3”tall.Consultlabelformaximumapplicationratesallowedduringtheseason.TankmixeswithGLYPHOSATElabeledforpost‐directedapplications to ROUNDUPREADY FLEX cotton varieties include AIM, CAPAROL, DIREX, DUALMAGNUM, DUAL IIMAGNUM,ENVOKE,PARRLAY,STAPLE,VALOR,WARRANT,andPENDIMETHALIN.Seetankmixpartner labels formoreinformation.Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).ResistanceManagement:Glyphosate‐resistant (Group 9)Palmer amaranth is spreading rapidly throughout SouthCarolina.Continuedrelianceonglyphosate‐onlyprogramswillenhanceselectionandspreadofresistantbiotypes.Tankmixingglyphosatewithotherchemistriesmustbeutilized.

Goal2XL(oxyflourfen)GoalTender

1.0‐2.0pt

0.5‐1.0pt

0.25‐0.5lb

14 90days 24hours

Comments:ApplyGOAL/GOALTENDERwhencottonis6to8inchestall.Applywhenweedsaresmallandactivelygrowingpreferablywhentherearenotmorethan4trueleavespresent.Adjustnozzlestoensurefullcoverageoftargetweeds.Donotusehollowconenozzles.Useaminimumof20GPAsprayvolume.Donotapplymorethan0.5lbai/Aofoxyflourfenperseason.GOAL/GOALTENDERmaybetankmixedwithotherherbicidesregisteredforpostemergenceuseincotton.


LaybyPro4L(liuron+diuron)

1.0‐2.0pt

0.25‐0.5lb

+0.25‐0.5lb

77

76days 24hours

Comments:ApplyLAYBYPROat1.0‐1.5pt/Awhencottonatleast8"talland1.6‐2.0pt/Awhencottongreaterthan15"tall.Forcontrolofemergedweeds(usehigherrate for largerweeds;max4”tall).AddNISat2qtorCOCat1gal/100galofspraysolution.Rainfastinterval=2hours.


29‐43floz

0.53‐0.79lb

10

70days 12hours

Comments:USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASLIBERTY‐LINK!ApplyLIBERTYat29oz/Aasadirected applicationwhen cotton canopy prevents spray from reachingweeds below.Do not exceed 87oz/Aperseason(uptothree29oz/Aapplications).Ifweatherconditionspreventatimely1stapplication,thenLIBERTYmaybeappliedupto43oz/Atocontrollargerweeds.Ifmorethan29oz/Aareusedinanysingleapplication,seasonaltotalmaynotexceed72oz/Aincludingallapplicationtimings.Controlsannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Directsprayallowsbettercontactwithweedsunderthecottoncanopy.Bestresultsareobtainedwhenweedsarelessthan3”tall.Directspraytothelowerthirdofthecottonplant.AddAMSat3lb/Atothespraysolution.Forresidualcontrolofweeds,tankmixDUALMAGNUM,WARRANT,orSTAPLE.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


104





MSMA6L 2.67pt 2.0lb 17 ‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyMSMAwhencottonis3"talluptofirstbloom.Donotapplyafterfirstbloom.Aslightburningorreddishdiscolorationofthefoliagemayoccurafterapplication;however,cottonplantswilldevelopnormally.Addsurfactantat2qt/100galtothespraysolution.Donotapplymorethan4lbai/AofMSMA.Rainfastinterval=2hours.

Prefix5.29EC(s‐metolachlor+fomesafen)

2.0‐2.33pt 1.09‐1.26lb

+0.24‐0.28lb

1514

80days

24hours

Comments:Fordirectedapplications,applyPREFIXtocottonatleast6”tall.ApplyPREFIXtocottonatleast18”tallwith4”ofbarkatthebaseoftheplantatlayby.Caremustbetakensothatnospraycontactsgreenfoliageorunbarkedstem;otherwise,severecropinjurymayoccur.PREFIXwillcontrolsmallemergedweeds(2‐4cotyledonsforbroadleafweeds)andifactivatedbyrainfallwithin7‐10dayswillprovideresidualweedcontrol.AddNISat1‐2qtorCOCat1gal/100gallonsofspraysolution.Donotapplymorethan2.33pt/AofPREFIXperseason.DonotaddliquidnitrogentoPREFIXtankmixesincotton.TankmixpartnersmayincludeCAPAROL,DSMA,DIREX,ENVOKE,KARMEX,LAYBYPRO,MSMA,GLYPHOSATE(glyphosate‐tolerantcottonvarietiesonly),andSUPREND.Rainfastinterval=N/A.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.

ProwlH203.8CS(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3EC

1.0‐2.0pt

1.2‐2.4pt

0.48‐0.95lb

3

60days 24hours

Comments:ApplyPROWLdirectlytothesoilbetweenrowsasadirectedsprayfollowingthelastcultivation.LaybyapplicationscanbeappliedincottonpreviouslytreatedwithPROWL.However,thetotalamountofPROWLappliedperacreperseasoncannotexceedthehighestlabelrateofPROWLforthegivensoiltype.ControlsPalmeramaranth(glyphosate‐andALS‐resistantbiotypes),commonlambsquarters,Floridapusley,andcrabgrass.Note:Ifyourfieldhasa history of poor Palmer amaranth control with yellow herbicides, consider alternative soil residual partner forGLYPHOSATE(i.e.,DUALorWARRANT).Rainfastinterval=N/A.

Sequence5.25SL(glyphosate+s‐metolachlor)

2.5pt

0.75lbae+

0.94lb

915

50days 24hours

Comments:USEONLYONCOTTONVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASROUNDUPREADYFLEX!ApplySEQUENCEat2.5pt/Aupto12"tallcotton(10leafstage).Donotapplylaterincottondevelopmentassevereinjury,includingyieldloss,mayoccur.Controlsannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Bestresultsareobtainedwhenweedsarelessthan3”tall.Donotexceed3.5pt/AofSequenceperseason.CanbetankmixedwithCENTRICorKARATEinsecticides.Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallshortlyafterapplicationrequireretreatment.


105





Suprend80WDG(prometryn+trifloxysulfuron)

1.0‐1.5lb 0.79‐1.18lb

+0.007‐0.0105lb

72

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplySUPRENDat1.0‐1.5lb/Awhencottonisatleast6"tall.Forcontrolofemergedweeds(usehigherrateforlargerweeds;lessthan6”tall).Addsurfactantat2qt/100galtothespraysolution.DonottankmixSUPRENDwithMALATHION,PROFENFOS,DENIM,ACEPHATE,BIDRIN,CAPTURE,KARATEorunacceptablecropinjurymayoccur.Donotexceed0.0188lbai/Aoftrifloxysulfuronperyear.Rainfastinterval=3hours.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


1.0‐2.0oz 0.032‐0.064lb

14

21days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVALORSXat2oz/Awhencottonisatleast18"tallasadirectspraytocontactonlylower2”ofbarkonstem(nospraycontactsgreenfoliageorunbarkedstem).DonotapplyMSMAafterfirstbloom.AddNISat1qt/100galofspraysolution.DonotuseCOC,MSO,organo‐siliconeadjuvants,oranyadjuvantcontaininganyofthese.Rainfastinterval=2hours.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


1.5‐2.0qt 1.125lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyWARRANTpostemergencedirectedfrom5‐6leafstageuntilcottonreachesfirstbloom.Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededbroadleavesandgrasses.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATE(useonlyonROUNDUPREADYFLEXvarieties)orLIBERTY(useonlyonLIBERTYLINKvarieties)forcontrolofexistingweeds.DonotapplyWARRANTusingasprayablefluidfertilizerasthecarrierbecauseofseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonotapplyWARRANTtothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.


106

HoodedSprayerHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton





0.5‐1.0floz

0.3‐1.25floz

0.0008‐0.0033lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyETat0.5‐1.0floz/AorETXat0.3‐1.25floz/Awhencottonis18inchesormoreandhasaleast3inchesofstembarkusinghoodedgroundequipmentonly.Applywhenweedsarelessthan4”tall.Avoidcontactwithdesirablefoliage.Allowaminimumof30daysbetweenapplications.Donotexceed0.0033lbaiPYRAFLUFENETHYLperseason.


3.0oz 0.063lb

+0.080lb

1415

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIERCEat3.0oz/Awhencottonisatleast6”tallwithahoodedsprayer.FIERCEshouldbetankmixedwithMSMA,DIURON,orGLYPHOSATEtocontrolemergedweeds.AddNISat1qtper100galofspraysolution.Donotapplymorethan3oz/AofFIERCEduringasingleapplication.Donotapplymore6oz/Aduringasinglegrowingseason.DonotmakeasequentialapplicationofFIERCEwithin30daysofthefirstapplicationofFIERCE.Rainfastinterval=1hour

FlexstarGT3.5SL(fomesafen+glyphosate)

3.5pt 0.25lb+

0.99lbae

149

70days 24hours

Comments:Forhoodedorshieldedsprayerapplications,applyFLEXSTARGTtocottonatleast6”tall.Caremustbetakensothatnospraycontactsgreenfoliageorunbarkedstem;otherwise,severecropinjurymayoccur.ApplyFLEXSTARGTwhenweedsaresmall(2‐4cotyledonstageforbroadleafweeds)andifactivatedbyrainfallwillprovideresidualweedcontrol.Adjustnozzlestoensurefullcoverageoftargetweeds.Donotapplymorethan3.5pt/AofFLEXSTARGTperpostemergencedirectedapplicationperyear.Tankmixpartnersmayincludeanyherbicidelabeledforpostemergencedirectedapplicationsincotton.Rainfastinterval=1hour.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


22floz

0.75lbae

9 7days 12hours

Comments:Hoodsshouldbekeptasclosetothegroundaspossibleinconventionalandnon‐RoundupReadycottonvarieties.Donotallowthespraytocontactstemsorfoliageofnon‐RoundupReadycotton.Applyin5‐10GPAatamaximumof25PSI.Donotexceed5MPH.Cottonshouldbeatleast8”tall.SeeGLYPHOSATEproductlabelforadjuvantrecommendation.TankmixeswithCAPAROL,DIREX,ENVOKE,LAYBYPRO,STAPLE,PROWL,andVALORwillenhanceresidualweed control.Rainfast interval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffof thefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).ResistanceManagement: Glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth is spreading rapidly throughout South Carolina.Continuedrelianceonglyphosate‐onlyprogramswillenhanceselectionandspreadofresistantbiotypes.Tankmixingglyphosatewithotherchemistriesmustbeused.


107

HoodedSprayerHerbicidesforWeedManagementinCotton(cont)




GramoxoneSL2S(paraquat)

1.2‐2.0pt 0.3‐0.5lb

22

15days 24hours

Comments:Hoodsshouldbekeptasclosetothegroundaspossible.Donotallowthespraytocontactstemsorfoliageofcotton.Applyinaminimumof10GPAatamaximumof25PSI.Donotexceed5MPH.Cottonshouldbeatleast8”tall.AddNISat2ptorCOCat1gal/100galofspraysolution.Allow14daysbetweenmultipleapplications.CAPAROL or DIREX may be tank mixed with GRAMOXONE and will enhance residual weed control.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.


29‐43floz

0.53‐0.79lb

10

70days 12hours

Comments:Hoodsshouldbekeptasclosetothegroundaspossibleinconventionalandnon‐Liberty‐Linkcottonvarieties.Donotallowthespraytocontactstemsorfoliageofcotton.Applyinaminimumof15GPAatamaximumof25PSI.Donotexceed5MPH.ApplyLIBERTYat29‐43oz/Aasahoodedapplicationwhencottoncanopypreventsspray fromreachingweedsbelow.Cottonshouldbeat least8” tall.Donotexceed87oz/Aperseason fromallapplicationsources.AddAMSat3lb/Atothespraysolution.Fornon‐Liberty‐Linkvarieties,Tankmixpartnersforhooded applications of LIBERTY include AIM, CAPAROL, COTORAN, DIREX, DUAL MAGNUM, GLYPHOSATE,KARMEX,PENDIMAX,PROWL,SELECTMAX,andSTAPLE.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


2.0‐2.33pt 1.09‐1.26lb

+0.24‐0.28lb

1514

80days

24hours

Comments:Forhoodedorshieldedsprayerapplications,applyPREFIXtocottonatleast6”tall.Caremustbetakensothatnospraycontactsgreenfoliageorunbarkedstem;otherwise,severecropinjurymayoccur.PREFIXwillcontrolsmallemergedweeds(2‐4cotyledonsforbroadleafweeds)andifactivatedbyrainfallwithin7‐10dayswillprovideresidualweedcontrol.AddNISat1‐2qtorCOCat1gal/100gallonsofspraysolution.Donotapplymorethan2.33pt/AofPREFIXperseason.TankmixpartnersincludeCAPAROL,DSMA,DIREX,ENVOKE,KARMEX,LAYBYPRO, MSMA, GLYPHOSATE (glyphosate‐tolerant cotton varieties only), and SUPREND.Rainfastperiod =N/A(suggest1hour)ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


108

HarvestAidsforCotton





1.6floz 0.025lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMupto1.6oz/Aafter60to70%ofthebollsareopen.Useaminimumof10gallonsperacreforgroundapplicationsand5gallonsperacreforaerialapplications.Coverageisessentialforgooddefoliation.Arepeatapplicationofupto1.6oz/Aisallowediffoliageisremainingorregrowthisoccurring.Densecanopy,largeplantsizes,andenvironmentalconditionsnon‐conducivetocompleteplantcoveragemayreduceinitialapplicationperformanceandincreaseneedforasecondapplication.AIMmaybetankmixedwithPREP,FINISH,DEF,DROPP,FOLEX,HARVADE,GINSTAR,COTTONQUIK,orotherregisteredcottonharvestaidproducts.Donotapplymorethan3.2oz/Aperseasonasaharvestaid.AddaNISa0.25%v/v(warmerperiodsofdefoliation)orCOCat1galper100gal(coolerperiodsofdefoliation).Rainfastinterval=6‐8hours.


1.5‐2.75floz 0.0024‐0.0045lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyETupto2.75oz/Awhenbollsare60%open.Useaminimumof20gallonsperacreforgroundapplications or 5 gallons per acre for aerial applications. Coverage is essential for good defoliation. Adequatedefoliationisgenerallyachievedwithin7to14daysafterapplication.Arepeatapplicationofupto2.75oz/Aisallowed if foliage is remaining or regrowth is occurring. Do not exceed 2 applications or 5.5 oz/A of ET fordefoliation of cotton. Applications must be made a minimum of 7 days apart. ET may be tank mixed withCOTTONQUIK, CYCLONE, DEF, DROPP, FINISH, FOLEX, GINSTAR, PREP, GRAMOXONE, and/or GLYPHOSATE.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


22‐44floz

0.75‐1.5lbae

9 7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyGLYPHOSATEafter60%ofthebollsareopen(non‐RoundupReadycotton).Canbetankmixedwithsomedefoliants;seelabelsfordetails.ApplytoRoundupReadycottonvarietiesafter20%crackedbollstageortoRoundupReadyFLEXcottonupto7daysbeforeharvest.DonotapplyGLYHOSTEtocottongrownforseedasareductioninvigororgerminationmayoccur.Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).


8.0floz

5.4floz

0.13lb

22

7days 12hours

Comments:Defoliatecottonasnormal.Afteratleast75‐80%ofbollsareopen,theremainingbollsexpectedtobeharvestedaremature,andmostofthecottonleaveshavedropped,applyGRAMOXONEinaminimumof20GPAandadd1ptNISper100galofspraysolution.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.


109

COTTONINSECTMANAGEMENTJeremyK.Greene,Research/ExtensionEntomologist

InsectpestsaremajorlimitingfactorsinproducingcottoninSouthCarolina.Hundredsofspeciesofinsectsmaybefoundincotton,butonlyalimitednumberofthosespeciesareeconomicallyimportant.Acottonscoutmustbeabletoidentifythedamagingspeciesofinsectsaswellasthecommonbeneficialarthropods.Agoodscoutingprogramisstillthefirstlineofdefenseagainstinsectpestsincotton.Therearemanyvalidtechniquesthatcanbeusedtoassesstheimpactofinsectsinafieldofcotton.Thefollowinginformationisintendedtoserveasaguideforuseinmonitoringandcontrollinginfestationsofpestiferousinsectsincotton.Insecticidetreatmentsshouldonlybeappliedwhennumbersof insect pests reach levels that correspond to economic thresholds. Avoid treating infestations that are belowthresholdsbecauseunnecessarydisruptionstopopulationsofbeneficialspeciesoftenresultinplantinjurybyotherinsectpests.

Since 1996, cotton growers in South Carolina have planted cotton varieties protected from tobacco budworm andbollwormbygenesderivedfromthebacterium,Bacillusthuringiensis(Bt).GenestransferredfromBttocottonenableplantstoproduceproteinstoxictocaterpillars.Cellsofleaves,stems,squares,bloomsandbollsofthesegeneticallyengineeredcottonplantscontainlethaldosesofthetoxin.Whencaterpillarseattheproteins,theirdigestiveenzymesactivate the toxic formof theprotein. Theproteinsbind to receptorson the liningof the insect gut, and cells areruptured.Thepoisonedinsectsstopfeedingwithinafewhoursanddiewithin2or3daysifthedoseissufficientlyhigh.Varietieswithsingle‐gene(first‐generation)Bttechnologyprovidedexcellentcontrol(virtually100%)oftobaccobudwormandfair‐to‐good(about60to90%)controlofbollwormovertheyears(1996‐2010).InSouthCarolina,therewasinsufficientcontrolofbollwormwithsingle‐geneBtcottonalone,andsupplementalapplicationsofinsecticideswereneededtopreventeconomicdamage.

Thresholdsforbollworminfirst‐generationBtcottonweredevelopedinresponsetoobservationsthatmanyproblemswithbollwormoccurredinfieldsofBtcottonwheretherehadbeenmoderatetohighlevelsofeggs.Forthisreason,thresholdswereadoptedthatcalledforinsecticidetreatmentswhennumbersofeggsandsmalllarvaewereexcessive,especiallyifscoutswouldbeunabletogetbackwithinafewdaystoassessinfestationsoflarvae.Aneggthresholdof75eggsper100plantswasinstitutedinthe1997cropyear,alongwithathresholdof30smallwormsper100plants.SquaredamagehasbeenapoorerindicatorofeconomicdamageinBtcotton,asmostsurvivinglarvaehavebeenfoundinassociationwithbollsandattacheddriedblooms(commonlycalled“bloomtags”).ResearchershaveshownthatBttoxinsareapparentlyexpressedinlowerconcentrationsinblooms,pollen,anddriedbloomtags,creatingawindowofopportunityforsmallbollworms.Ifsmalllarvaecansurviveandgrowforseveraldays,theyarenotlikelytobekilledbyBttoxins.

Since2011,almost100%ofthecottonacreageinSouthCarolinahasbeenplantedtovarietiescontainingtwoBtgenesfor production of two toxic proteins. Research has shown that, when additional genes are added that producesupplementarytoxicproteins,effectivenessagainstlepidopteranpestssuchasbollworms,armyworms,andsoybeanloopersincreases.AvailabilityofBttechnologieschangedon30September2009whenthelastopportunitytopurchasefirst‐generationBtcotton(Bollgardvarieties–forexampleDP555BR)forplantingduringthe2010seasonexpired(i.e.thephasingoutofsingle‐geneBtvarieties).Beginningwiththe2011season,onlydual‐Bt‐genecottonvarietieswerecommericiallyavailable.VarietiesexpressingmorethantwoBtproteinsarenowavailableandcontinuetobeapprovedandtested.

CottonwithBttechnologyhasmanypotentialbenefitsintermsofinsectcontrol,buttherewillcontinuetobepotentialproblemswithstinkbugsandotherarthropodpeststhatarenotcontrolledbyBttoxinsandthatbenefitfromreduceduseofinsecticides.AlthoughBtcottonhasofferedgood‐to‐excellentcontrolofimportantcaterpillarpests,thebestwaytomaximizebenefitsofplantingtransgenicBtcottonistoscoutvigilantlyforpests,allowingproperlytimedsprayswhennecessaryanddetectingadditionalpotentialshiftsinspeciesimportance.ResearcherswithClemsonUniversitywillcontinuetoevaluateinsectpestthresholdsandcontrolmethodswithnewtransgenicvarieties,andadjustmentswillbemadetorecommendationsasdeemedappropriate.


110

INSECTPESTS

Thripsfeedonleavesandterminalsofseedlingplants,therebystuntinggrowthanddelayingmaturity.Damagedleavesappearcrinkledontop,andlowersurfaceswilloftenhaveasilverysheen.Leafmarginsbecomecuppedandterminalbudsmaybedestroyed.Tobaccothrips,Frankliniellafusca,isthepredominantspeciesencounteredincottoninSouthCarolina.

Aphidstypicallyinfestplantterminalsanduppermostleavesinitially.Thesesoft‐bodiedinsectshavepiercing‐suckingmouthpartsthatareusedtosuckplantjuicesfromleavesandstems.Heavyinfestationsontheundersidesofleavesproducewiltingandcausetheleafmarginstocurltowardtheground.Aparasiticwaspandafungus,Neozygitesfresenii,oftenprovideadequateaphidcontrol.Whitefliescanalsodamagecottonbysuckingplantfluids,butthishappensveryrarely inSouthCarolina. Theseinsectsaregenerallycontrolledbynaturallyoccurringbeneficialarthropodsbeforetheirdamagecanreduceyields.Bothaphidsandwhitefliesexcreteasubstancewithahighsugarcontentreferredtoashoneydew.Heavyinfestationsofaphidsorwhitefliescanproducelargeamountsofhoneydew,therebycoatinglowerleaves, and giving them a shiny appearance. Aftermature bolls have opened, honeydewmay produce sticky lint.Honeydewmayalsoserveasasubstrateforthegrowthofasootymold,whichstainslintandreducescolorgrade.

Plantbugs(tarnishedplantbugandcottonfleahopper)infrequentlycauseproblemsinJuneandJuly.Tarnishedplantbugsmayalsopuncturesmallbolls,inflictingdamagesymptomssimilartothatcausedbystinkbugs.Adultsofbothspeciesofplantbugsmovetocottonfromwildhostplants.Lygusbugsdevelopinwildhostssuchasaster,bluevervain,andfleabane,whilefleahoppersarefondoftropiccrotonandprimrose.Bothadultsandnymphsfeedonsmallsquaresandothertenderplantparts.

Tobaccobudwormpopulationshavebeenincreasingduringrecentyears.Historically,mostproblemswithtobaccobudwormshaveoccurredintheCoastalPlainfrommothsthatdepositedeggsduringJune(pre‐bloom).However,inrecentyears,populationsoftobaccobudwormhavebeendetectedinearlyJuly.Tobaccobudwormandbollwormareoftencalledthebollworm/budwormcomplexbecausetheywilloftenbepresentinthesamefield,theyeatthesameplantstructures,andtheyaremorphologicallyquitesimilaraslarvae.Beforefirstbloom,innon‐Btcotton,fieldsshouldbetreatedwhen15ormoresmall(<0.25inch) larvaeor20damagedsquaresarefoundper100plants. Afterfirstbloom,innon‐Btcottonthathasnotbeentreatedpreviously,insecticideshouldbeappliedat20ormoreeggs,3smalllarvae,or5%damagedsquaresper100plants.Tobaccobudwormshavebeendocumentedtoberesistanttomultipleinsecticideclasses,soinsecticidechoicesarelimitedinnon‐Btcotton.Pyrethroid‐resistanttobaccobudwormsoccurincottoninSouthCarolinaandshouldbeconsideredresistanttothatclassofchemistry.Bollworm(cornearworm)isakeyinsectpestofcottoninSouthCarolinabecauseitwillinfestmostfieldsinthestateeveryyear.InfestationsaremostlikelytooccurinJulyaftermothsthathaveemergedfromcornfieldsbegintodepositeggsoncottonplants.IntheCoastal‐Plainregion,mothflightswillusuallybeginwithintheperiodfrom6to20July,withtheearliestflightsoccurringintheSavannahValleyarea.BollwormshavegenerallybeenlessofathreatinthePiedmontregion,whereinfestationsgenerallydon’tmaterializebeforethelastweekinJuly.Insecticideapplicationswillbetriggeredwhenthenumbersofeggs,larvae,ordamagereacheconomiclevels(economicthresholds).Scoutingforeggsandhatchinglarvaeisaresponsibilityofacottonscout.Afterbollwormmothshavedepositedtheireggsoncottonplants,theeggswillbeginhatchinginaboutthreedays.Eggsaredepositedsinglyandgenerallyontheupperleafsurfacesnearplantterminals.Bymid‐Julyorlater,mothsmaydepositahigherpercentageofeggslowerontheplantsonleaves,squares,stems,andevenbloomsordriedblooms(bloomtags).Scoutsshouldcheckwholeplantsforbollwormeggsandlarvaeandexaminethefollowingfruitingformsoneachplant:awhitebloom,apinkbloomandthetwosmallestbolls.Removebloomtagstolookfordamageonthetipsofsmallbollswherebollwormlarvaeoftengainentry.Historically,infirst‐generationBtcotton,aninsecticidetreatmentwasrecommendedwhen30ormoresmall(<0.25inchinlength)larvaewerefoundper100plants,andthethresholdforbollwormsthatwerenotcontrolledwithBtcotton(commonlycalled“escapedwormthreshold”)wasthreelarger(>0.25inchinlength)larvaeper100plantsor5%damagedbolls.Treatmentthresholdsforbollworminsecond‐generationBtcottonarebeingre‐evaluated,butthebest available options are to consider intervention when egg numbers approach 100 or more per 100 plants forconsecutiveweeks,whenthreelarge(>0.25inchinlength)larvaearefoundper100plants,orwhen5%ofbollsaredamagedbybollworm.Afterfirstbloom,innon‐Btcotton,insecticideshouldbeappliedat20ormoreeggs,3smalllarvae,or5%damagedsquaresper100plants. Cottonfieldsshouldbecheckedatleastonceaweek,fromseedlingemergencethroughthefirstweekinJuly.MorefrequentscoutingisrecommendedfromearlyJulythroughmidAugust,primarilytodetecthatch‐outofbollwormlarvae.Thereafter,weeklyfieldvisitsshouldcontinueuntilmostplantshave


111

reachedastageofmaturityconsideredrelativelysafefrominsectdamage.

In 1996 pyrethroid‐resistant bollwormswere found in cotton fields inHampton County near Estill, SC. Vial testsconductedwithmothstrappedintheSavannahValleyin1997confirmedthepresenceofresistance.Also,pyrethroidresistancewasconfirmedfromfieldsinOrangeburgandCalhounCountiesinAugustof1997.Bothofthesefieldswerecharacterizedbythepresenceofnumerouslargebollwormsfollowingmultipleapplicationsofpyrethroids.Pyrethroidresistancewasdocumentedinfivelocationsbelowthelakesin1998frombollwormscollectedinfieldswheretherehadbeencontrolproblems.Recentstudieshaveshownthatratesofsurvivalshownbybollworminadultvialtestsandreported from confirmed field collections after exposure to pyrethroids are increasing, indicating that pyrethroid‐resistancegenesarestillpresent.Effortstomonitorpyrethroidresistancewillcontinue,butrotationofinsecticideclassisrecommendedaspartofaresistancemanagementapproach.Avoidingconsecutiveapplicationsofpyrethroidsforbollwormwouldbeonepossibletactictodelaydevelopmentofresistance.Seedetailedrecommendationsforbollworminsecticidesthatcanbeusedasalternativestopyrethroids.

BeetandfallarmywormsusuallydonotoccuruntillateJulyorearlyAugust,asneitherspeciesisknowntooverwinterinSouthCarolina.Mothsofbothspecieslayeggsinmassesof80to100ontheundersidesofleaves.Newlyemergedfallarmyworms(firstinstars)tendtofeedsinglyontheyoungergrowthwithinthemiddleportionofaplant.Smallbeetarmywormsaregregarious,andwillfeedinclustersontheundersidesofleavesthroughthirdinstars.Whensmalllarvaefeedontheinnersurfacesofsquarebracts,theetchingswillbevisibleexternally.Fallarmywormsareoftenfoundinblooms,wheretheyfeedonfloraltissueandpollen.Likebollworms,fallarmywormswilleventuallydamagelarger bolls. Beet armyworms feed on squares and blooms, but they usually do not bore into bolls. Large beetarmyworms are capable of completely defoliating non‐Bt cotton plants. Second‐ and third‐generation Bt cottonvarietiesdoaverygoodjobincontrollingarmyworms,buttheyarenotimmunefrominjury,andsubtledifferencesinefficacyexistamongthetechnologies(seeGENETICINSECTCONTROLbelow).

SpidermitesareoccasionallyaprobleminSouthCarolinacotton.Infestationsofmitesareoftenflaredbyextremelyhotanddryweatherconditions.Applicationsofinsecticides(e.g.acephate)forotherpestscanalsoflareinfestationsofspidermitesbyreducingthenumbersofbeneficialarthropodsthatpreyuponthem. Initial infestationsoccurfromspidermitesmovingfromwildhostplantsorothercropsintoborderrowsofcotton.Yellowspecklingontheuppersurfacesofleaves(inproximitytopetioleattachment)willbethefirstindicationofamiteinfestation.Asmitescontinuetofeedontheundersidesofleaves,theuppersurfaceswillbecomereddened.Earlyrecognitionofthesesymptoms,andspottreatinginfestedareas,willoftenpreventspidermitesfromspreadingthroughoutafield.

Stinkbugshavepiercing‐suckingmouthpartsthattheyusetopiercesmallbollsandsucksapfromtheseeds.Seedcoatsmoreorlesscollapse,andtheattachedlintoftenacquiresayellowishtobrownishcoloredstain.Small,wartygrowthsontheinsideofabollwallwillgenerallymarkthepointsofpenetration.Wartstypicallyformwithin48hoursafterpenetration.Water‐soakedlesionsaresignsofmorerecentpenetrations,wherewartsmaynothavehadtimetodevelop. Wartsmayneverdevelopwhenastinkbugpenetratesthebollwall, fails to findaseed,andthenquicklywithdrawsitsbeak. Furthermore,wartsdonotformonbollsthathavereachedfullsize. Damagedbollsmayopenprematurelyorbecomehard‐locked.Usuallyonlyoneortwolockswillbedamaged,butoccasionally,ifinfestationsareheavy,bollsmaybecompletelyhardlocked.Bolldamageisthemaincriterionusedtoevaluateinfestationsofstinkbugs.Ascoutshouldrandomlyselect25ormorequarter‐sizedbolls,breakthemopen,andchecktheinnerwallsofthebollsforthedamagesymptomsindicatedabove.Careshouldbetakentoensurethatallbollsexaminedareofthesameageclassbecausethesewillprovidethemostreliableestimateoftheactualcurrentdamageinafield.Whendamagesymptomsarepresent,lookforadultsandlargenymphsbyshakingplantsoverabeatclothorintoaplasticpanwheretheycanbeexaminedandidentified.Itispossiblethatplantbugsorothersuckinginsectsmightdamagesmallbolls,soidentificationisimportantbeforeactionistaken.Bythetimeabollis25daysold,itshouldberelativelysafefromattack.

ACTIONTHRESHOLDSComparenumbersonscoutingreportstorecommendedactionthresholdsdescribedintheremarksaftereachtableintheinsecticiderecommendationssectiontohelpdetermineneedforaninsecticidetreatment.OnemustalsoconsiderfactorssuchasthestageofplantgrowthorwhetherthecottonisaBtornot‐Btvariety.Forsomeinsectpests,suchasbollworm,insectnumbersordamaged‐squarecountsareprovidedtoenableagrowertodeterminewhetherornotan


112

insecticideapplicationiswarranted.Actionthresholdsarenotwelldefinedforeveryinsectpest,anddecidingwhetherornottotreatmaybemoredifficult.Inthesesituations,thereisoftenagreaterlikelihoodoftreatingafieldwhenitisunnecessary.Thresholdnumbersaregeneralinnatureandaresubjecttoprofessionalinterpretation.Countyagentsandcottonconsultantsshouldhavetheexpertisetohelpdeterminehowthesethresholdsbestapplytofieldsituationsonaparticularfarm.

RESISTANCEMANAGEMENTINBTCOTTONMostvarietiesofcottoncontainBttechnology(optionslistedintablebelow)forcontrollingcaterpillarpestsinthecrop.AstructuredcottonrefugeisnolongerrequiredforBtcotton,buta“naturalrefuge”optionisavailableforanybrandofcottonseedcontainingBttraits.CompaniesprovideguidanceaboutresistancemanagementandproductstewardshipwithBttechnologyatthefollowingwebpages:

http://www.monsanto.com/products/pages/insect‐resistance‐management.aspxhttp://www.dowagro.com/phytogen/stewardship/https://www.bayercropscience.us/products/traits/twinlink/resistance‐managementGENETICINSECTCONTROLTradename

Bollworm

Tobaccobudworm

Beetarmyworm

Fallarmyworm

Soybeanlooper

Cutworm

BollgardII VeryGood Excellent Excellent Good Excellent PoorBollgard3 Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent PoorWideStrike Good Excellent Excellent Good Good PoorWideStrike3 Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent PoorTwinLink VeryGood Excellent Excellent Good Excellent PoorTwinLinkPlus Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Poor

TransgenicBtvarietiesoffercottongrowersauniquetechnologicaltoolforthemanagementoflepidopterousinsectpests.TherearedifferencesintheirrelativeeffectivenessagainstseveralspeciesthatarecommoninSouthCarolina.


113

COTTONINSECTCONTROLRECOMMENDATIONS“Instant–View”ThresholdGuide

Insect NumberperunitStinkbugs(SB) Stinkbugspresentwithinjury(%)tomedium‐sizedbollsbyweekofbloom:50,

30,10,10,10,20,30,50%;weeks3‐5importantatreduced(10%)injuryBollworms2nd&3rdgenerationBtcotton

After1stbloom,considertreatmentsoonafterpeakegglayor>1egg/plant,3ormorelarger(>0.25inch)larvaeper100plants,or5%bolldamage

BollwormsNon‐Btcotton

After1stbloom:20ormoreeggsor3small(<0.25inch)larvaeper100plantsor5%damagedsquares

Tobaccobudworms(TBW)Non‐Btcottononly–notfoundinBtcotton

Before1stbloom:15small(<0.25inch)larvaeper100plantsor20%squaredamage;after1stbloom:20eggsor3smalllarvaeper100plantsor5%squaredamage

Thrips 2ormorethripsperplant(lessifimmatures)anddamagepresentAphids PlantsseverelyinfestedandstressedwithactivelygrowingcoloniespresentFallarmyworms(FAW) 10ormoreper100plants,checkingbloomsandbollsSpidermites 50%ofplantsinfestedandstressedwithactivelygrowingcoloniespresent

Thisquick‐viewthresholdtablewasintendedtobeaquickreferencefortreatmentthresholdsforthemostcommoninsectpestsofcottoninSouthCarolina.Thesectionsdescribedhereafterincludedetailedinformationaboutthresholdsandspecificinsecticiderecommendations.

THRIPSProduct(atplanting) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsaldicarb(R)AgLogic15GorTemik15G

3.5‐5.0lb

0.525‐0.75 ‐

48hr 90d In‐furrowgranular

thiamethoxamCruiserorAvictaDuoorAcceleron(checkcoding)

‐‐

‐ ‐‐

12hr ‐ Seedtreatment

imidaclopridGaucho600orAerisorAcceleron(checkcoding)

‐‐

‐ ‐‐

12hr ‐ Seedtreatment

acephateOrthene/Acephate97Orthene/Acephate90

16.0oz17.2oz

0.97 ‐‐

24hr 21d In‐furrowspray

phorate(R)Thimet20G

5.0lb

1.0 ‐

48hr 60d In‐furrowgranular

imidaclopridCouraze4FCouraze2FAdmirePro4.6VelumTotal3.67

10.55oz21.1oz9.2oz14‐18oz

0.33(0.237‐0.305)

12.16.013.97.1‐9.1

12hr 14d In‐furrowspray;seedtrt+IFSnottoexceed0.5lb/acretotal

Product(foliarsprays) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsdicrotophos(R)Bidrin8E

3.2oz

0.2 40

6d 30d 3.2ozlimitpre‐bloom


3.0oz3.2oz

0.18 ‐‐

24hr 21d

dimethoateDimethoate4EC

8.0oz

0.25 16

48hr 14d

spinetoramRadiant1SC

1.5‐3.0oz

0.0117‐0.0234 42.7‐85.3

4hr 28d Adjuvantrecommended

Thehighrateofaldicarbshouldalsoprovidesomeprotectionagainstnematodesandsuppressearlypopulationsofaphidsandspidermites.WhencottonisplantedafterMay20,seedtreatmentshaveproventobeeffectiveinlimitingthripsdamagetoseedlingcottonplants. Avicta(withabamectin)andAeris(withthiodicarb)havesomeactivityonnematodes. Generally, a preventative insecticide used at planting will protect seedlings from severe stunting


114

characteristicof thrips injury. Occasionally,however,conditionswillbeunfavorable forproperuptakeofsystemicinsecticides(toocool,drysoil,excessivemoisture,etc.),andplantscanbeseverelydamaged.Foliartreatmentswillbemosteffectivewhenappliedtocottonseedlingspriortounfoldingofthesecondtrueleaf.Afoliarinsecticidetreatmentmaybeneededwhentwoormorethripsarefoundperplant.Shakeeachplant(randomlyselect25ormore)intoacoffeecuporasimilarutensiltofacilitatecounting.Whenmostplantshaveseverelydamagedgrowingpointsandimmaturethripsarepresent,oneormorefoliartreatmentsmaybeneededtoallowtheplantstoresumenormalgrowthanddevelopment. Examineplants5‐7daysaftertheinitialtreatment,andtreatagainif immaturesarestillpresentonmostplants.Whenthenewlyunfoldedleavesofinfestedplantsarefreeofdamage,andplantsappeartobegrowingatanormalrate,furtherapplicationsofinsecticideswillhavelittlebenefit.Treatmentsappliedbeyondthefour‐leafstageofgrowthmayactuallybecounterproductive,asthesewouldlikelyreducebeneficialpopulationsandresultinearly‐seasonproblemswithotherpests.Althougheffective,acephatecanflarepopulationsofspidermitesandaphids.CUTWORMSProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentschlorpyrifos(R)Lorsban4ENufos4ELorsbanAdvanced3.755

1.5‐2.0pt1.5‐2.0pt1.5‐2.0pt

0.70‐1.0(0.75‐1.0)(0.75‐1.0)(0.70‐0.94)

4.0‐5.34.0‐5.34.0‐5.3

24hr 14d


12.0‐16.0oz13.0‐16.0oz

0.73‐0.97 ‐‐

24hr 21d

beta‐cyfluthrin(R)BaythroidXL1EC

0.8‐1.6oz

0.0065‐0.025 80‐160

12hr 0d

lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)KarateZ2.08CSKarate1ECSilencer1ECLambda‐Cy1EC

0.96‐1.28oz1.92‐2.56oz1.92‐2.56oz1.92‐2.56oz

0.015‐0.02 100‐13350‐6750‐6750‐67

24hr 21d

cypermethrin(R)Up‐Cyde2.5EC

1.35‐5.0oz

0.026‐0.097 25.6‐94.8

12hr 14d

zeta‐cypermethrin/bifenthrin(R)Hero1.24EC

5.2‐10.3oz

0.05‐0.1

12.4‐24.6

12hr

14d

esfenvalerate(R)AsanaXL0.66EC

5.8‐9.6oz

0.03‐0.05 13‐22

12hr 21d

gamma‐cyhalothrin(R)Declare1.25CS

0.77‐1.02oz

0.0075‐0.01 125‐166

24hr 21d

zeta‐cypermethrin(R)MustangMax0.8EC

1.28‐1.92oz

0.008‐0.012 67‐100

12hr 14d

bifenthrin(R)Discipline2ECBrigade2ECFanfare2ECBifenture2EC

2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz

0.04‐0.1 20‐5020‐5020‐5020‐50

12hr 14d

Treatwhencutwormsthreatentoreduceplantpopulationsbelowanacceptablelevel.Theriskofinfestationswillbegreaterunder reduced tillage conditions and inheavier soils,where cutwormscanbecomeestablishedonexistingvegetationandwillmovetocottonwhenitemerges.Destroyingestablishedvegetation3to4weeksbeforeplantingwilloftenpreventcutwormproblems.Someofthelistedinsecticidesmaybeusedas“rescue”treatmentsoncottonseedlingsandsomearelabeledforpre‐emergenceuseaseitherbroadcast,banded,orin‐furrowsprays.At‐plantingtreatments may be warranted in situations where cutworms are already established and vegetation cannot bedestroyedaheadoftime.Oftenlowerratesofinsecticidecanbeuseforthesepreventativeat‐planttreatments.


115

APHIDSProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentssulfoxaflorTransform50WG

0.75‐1.0oz

0.23‐0.031

‐

24hr 14d Enduserstocksonly

acetamipridAssail30SGAssail70WP(Intruder70)

1.5‐2.5oz0.6‐1.1oz

0.025‐0.05 ‐‐

12hr 28d Ovicidalactivityoncaterpillars

dicrotophosBidrin8

8.0oz

0.5 16

6d 30d 16ozlimitpostbloom

flonicamidCarbine50WG

1.4‐2.8oz

0.044‐0.088 ‐

12hr 30d

thiamethoxamCentric40WG

1.25‐2.0oz

0.031‐0.05 ‐

12hr 21d 5ozlimitforseason

imidaclopridCouraze4FCouraze2FAdmirePro4.6

1.0‐2.0oz2.0‐4.0oz0.9‐1.7oz

0.031‐0.0625 64‐12832‐6475‐142

12hr 14d

clothianidinBelay2.13

3.0‐5.0oz

0.05‐0.083 25.6‐42.6

12hr Pinheadsquare

1applicationforseason

Treatonlywhenhighnumbersofaphidsareseverely infestingplants,populationsarebuilding,andthemarginsofterminalleavesaredrooping. Aphidswillcausemoredamagewhenplantsaresufferingfromlackofmoisture,andtherearefewsignsofnaturalcontrolagents.Ifthereisevidenceofwidespreadparasitism(deadaphids,tancoloredand swollen in appearance) and/or fungal pathogens (diseased aphid bodies have a grayish‐green colored fuzzyappearance)aninsecticideshouldnotbeapplied.Avoidunnecessaryinsecticideapplications,assubsequentreductionsinbeneficialpopulationscanresultindamagefrombollwormandfallarmyworm.PLANTBUGS(COTTONFLEAHOPPERANDTARNISHEDPLANTBUG)Product Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsacephateOrthene/Acephate97Orthene/Acephate90

4.1‐12.3oz4.4‐13.3oz

0.25‐0.75 ‐‐

24hr 21d


1.5‐2.0oz3.0‐4.0oz0.9‐1.7oz

0.031‐0.0625 64‐8332‐42.675‐142

12hr 14d


2.0‐2.5oz

0.05‐0.0625 ‐


dicrotophos(R)Bidrin8E

4.0‐8.0oz

0.25‐0.5 16‐32

6d 30d 16ozlimitpostbloom

oxamyl(R)Vydate3.77CLV

8.5‐17.0oz

0.25‐0.5 7.5‐15

48hr 14d

clothianidinBelay2.13

3.0‐5.0oz

0.05‐0.083 25.6‐42.6

12hr Pinheadsquare

1applicationforseason

novaluronDiamond0.83EC

9.0‐12.0oz

0.058‐0.078 14.2‐21.3

12hr 30d Effectiveonnymphsonly

sulfoxaflorTransform50WG

0.75‐2.25oz

0.23‐0.071

‐

24hr 14d Enduserstocksonly

Plant‐buginjurytosquaresrarelycauseseconomicproblemsinSouthCarolina.Aneconomicproblemcoulddevelopifanearly‐maturingvarietywasplantedlate,anaverageof3plantbugsper6rowftisdetectedusingabeatclothorbeatpan,anaverageof1plantbugper10sweeps,or25%ormoreofpinheadsquareshavebeenlost.Pyrethroidinsecticidesgenerallyprovidecontrolofplantbugswhenappliedatstinkbug/bollwormcontrolrates.AvoidtreatingBtcottonforplantbugsunlessabsolutelynecessaryinJuneandJulyassubsequentreductionsinbeneficialpopulationsoftentriggerproblemswithbollwormorfallarmyworm.Plantbugscanalsoinjuresmallbollslikestinkbugs.Forcombinationsofplantandstinkbugsfeedingonsmallbolls,useboll‐injurytreatmentthresholdsforstinkbugs.


116

ARMYWORMS(BEETANDFALLARMYWORM)Product Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsBtcotton ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ emamectinbenzoate(R)Denim0.16EC(BAW)Denim0.16EC(FAW)

6.0‐8.0oz8.0‐12.0oz

0.0075‐0.015 16‐21.310.7‐16

12hr 21d Suppressionofspidermites

indoxacarbSteward1.25EC

9.2‐11.3oz

0.09‐0.11

11.5‐14

12hr 14d

methoxyfenozideIntrepid2F

4.0‐10.0oz

0.0625‐0.156 12.8‐32

4hr 14d HigherratesforFAW


9.0‐12.0oz

0.058‐0.078 10.7‐14.2

12hr 30d

spinosadTracer4SCBlackhawk36WG

2.14‐2.9oz2.4‐3.2oz

0.067‐0.090.054‐0.072

44‐60‐

4hr 28d ExistingstocksofTracer

methomyl(R)Lannate2.4LV(FAW)

1.5‐2.25pt

0.45‐0.675 3.6‐5.3

3d 15d Mayreddenleaves

chlorantraniliproleCoragen1.67SCPrevathon0.43SC

3.5‐7.0oz14.0‐27.0oz

0.045‐0.09 18.3‐36.54.7‐9.1

4hr 21d 5‐dinterval/application

flubendiamideBelt4SC

2.0‐3.0oz

0.0625‐0.094 42.6‐64

12hr 28d Canuseuntilsupplygone

VarietiescontainingtwoormoreBtendotoxinsshouldprovidegoodcontrolofarmyworms.Controloffallarmyworms(FAW)maybejustifiedwhen10ormorelarvaearefoundper100plants.CheckbloomsforthepresenceofFAWandlook for feeding symptoms on boll bracts in the lower canopy. For beet armyworms (BAW) consider applying aninsecticidewhentherearelarvaepresentinnoticeablenumbersanddamageiseasilyobserved.PopulationsofBAWcandeveloponpigweedsinthefieldandmovetocottonandovercometheBttoxins.Pyrethroidsappliedforcontrolofstinkbugsandbollwormwillalsoprovidesomedegreeofcontrolofeggsandnewlyhatchedarmyworms;however,after the worms have fed on cotton plants, these materials will be less effective. Best control is achieved whenapplicationsofinsecticidearetimedtocoincidewithegghatchandemerginglarvae.


117

BOLLWORMProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsBtcotton ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Product(pyrethoids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsbifenthrin(R)Discipline2ECBrigade2ECFanfare2ECBifenture2EC

2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz

0.04‐0.1 20‐5020‐5020‐5020‐50

12hr 14d Controlofspidermitespossibleathighrates


1.6‐2.6oz

0.0125‐0.02 49‐80

12hr 0d


1.6‐2.5oz3.2‐5.12oz3.2‐5.12oz3.2‐5.12oz

0.025‐0.04 50‐8025‐4025‐4025‐40

24hr 21d


2.0‐5.0oz

0.04‐0.1 25‐64

12hr 14d


5.2‐10.3oz

0.05‐0.1

12.4‐24.6

12hr

14d


9.6oz

0.05 13

12hr 21d


1.28‐2.05oz

0.0125‐0.02 63‐100

24hr 21d


2.64‐3.6oz

0.017‐0.0225 35‐48

12hr 14d

Product(non‐pyrethoids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsnovaluronDiamond0.83EC

12.0‐14.0oz

0.078‐0.09 9.1‐10.6

12hr 30d Applyategghatch


11.3oz

0.11 11.5

12hr 14d


2.14‐2.9oz2.4‐3.2oz

0.067‐0.090.054‐0.072

44‐60‐


emamectinbenzoate(R)Denim0.16EC

8.0‐12.0oz

0.01‐0.015 10.7‐16

12hr 21d Spidermitesuppression

methomyl(R)Lannate2.4LV

1.5‐2.25pt

0.45‐0.675 3.5‐5.3

72hr 15d Mayreddenleaves


2.0‐3.0oz

0.0625‐0.094 42.6‐64



4.25‐8.0oz

0.0332‐0.0625 16‐30.1


chlorantraniliprolePrevathon0.43SC

20.0‐27.0oz

0.067‐0.09 4.7‐6.4


methoxyfenozide/spinetoramIntrepidEdge3

6.0‐8.0oz

0.14‐0.1875 16‐21.3

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed

To reduce selection pressure for resistance in bollworm, avoid using pyrethroid insecticides before 1 July, unlessinfestationsareextremelyhigh. In transgenic cottonvarieties that containBt endotoxins, an insecticide treatmentshouldnotbeneededbeforefirstbloom.TransgenicBtcottonvarietiesthathavetwoormoreBtgeneshaveincreasedefficacies against bollworms; however, under potential situations of very heavy pressure frombollworm, some Bttechnologies,particularlyWideStrike,canincursignificantinjuryandlossesifnotprotectedwithsupplemental/timelyapplication(s)ofinsecticide.TocontrolescapedwormsinBtcotton,aninsecticidetreatmentshouldbeappliedwhen3ormorelarger(>0.25inch)wormsarefoundper100plantsor5%ofsmallbollsaredamaged.Also,entireplantscanbeexaminedforeggstodeterminependingpressure.Insecticideapplicationcanbejustifiedifpeakegglayapproaches


118

1eggperplant.Oneachplantascoutshouldexamineawhitebloom,apinkbloom,andthetwosmallestbolls.Ifdriedblooms(bloomtags)adheretosmallbolls,removethemandlookforlarvaeboringintothebolltips. AFTERFIRSTBLOOM,innon‐Btcottonthathasnotbeenpreviouslytreated,applyaninitialinsecticidetreatmentwhen20eggsor3smalllarvaearefoundper100plantsorat5%damagedsquares.Onnon‐Btcotton,twotreatmentsmightberequiredtocontrolbollwormsfollowingtheinitialmothflightinJuly.AFTERMID‐AUGUST,considerthematurityofthecropindeterminingtheneedforatreatment.Forexample,3smallwormsor5%damagedsquaresmaystillbeanapplicablethresholdinlate‐maturingnon‐Btcotton(early‐tomid‐bloomstageofdevelopment),butthisinfestationlevelcouldbetoleratedincottonthatisnearingcutout,wheremostbollsaretoomaturetobedamagedbybollworm.BUDWORM(TOBACCOBUDWORM)Product Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsBtCotton ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ spinosadTracer4SCBlackhawk36WG

1.4‐2.9oz1.6‐3.2oz

0.044‐0.090.036‐0.072

44‐91.4‐



11.3oz

0.11 11.5

12hr 14d


12.0‐14.0oz

0.078‐0.09 9.1‐10.6

12hr 30d Applyategghatch


1.5‐2.25pt

0.45‐0.675 3.5‐5.3

72hr 15d Mayreddenleaves


8.0‐12.0oz

0.01‐0.015 10.7‐16



2.0‐3.0oz

0.0625‐0.094 42.6‐64



4.25‐8.0oz

0.0332‐0.0625 16‐30.1



20.0‐27.0oz

0.067‐0.09 4.7‐6.4



6.0‐8.0oz

0.14‐0.1875 16‐21.3

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed

Varieties containing Bt toxins will provide excellent control of tobacco budworm. Insecticides listed for tobaccobudwormwillprovideeffectivealternativestothepyrethroidsforearly‐tolate‐seasoncontrolwheretherehavebeencontrolfailures,andforuseinresistancemanagement.Indoxacarbandspinosadwillconservebeneficialinsectsandspiders.Spinosadandallofthepyrethroidshaveactivityoneggsofbollworm/tobaccobudworm.Whentreatmentsareappliedusinganeggthreshold,someeggswillbekilledpriortolarvalemergence.Stewardhaslowovicidalactivity,butwhen applied to eggs in the blackhead stage, larvaemay be killed soon after emergence from consuming theeggshells.BEFOREFIRSTBLOOM,incottonvarietiesthatdonotcontainBtendotoxin(s),treatwhen15small(<0.25inch)larvaearefoundper100plantterminals,or20%ofsquaresaredamaged.AFTERFIRSTBLOOM,innon‐Btcotton,insecticideshouldbeappliedat20ormoreeggs,3smalllarvae,or5%damagedsquaresper100plants.


119

SOYBEANLOOPERANDCABBAGELOOPERProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsBtcotton ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ spinosadTracer4SCBlackhawk36WG

2.14‐2.9oz2.4‐3.2oz

0.067‐0.090.054‐0.072

44‐60‐



6.7‐9.2oz

0.065‐0.09 14‐19

12hr 14d


6.0‐12.0oz

0.039‐0.078 10.7‐21.3

12hr 30d

methoxyfenozideIntrepid2F

4.0‐10.0oz

0.0625‐0.156 12.8‐32

4hr 14d


8.0‐12.0oz

0.01‐0.015 10.7‐16



20.0‐29.0oz

0.067‐0.097 4.4‐6.4



2.0‐3.0oz

0.0625‐0.094 42.6‐64



4.0‐8.0oz

0.0938‐0.1875 16‐32

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed

VarietiescontainingtwoormoreBttoxinswillprovideverygoodcontrolofloopers.Applyaninsecticidetreatmentwhenthereis25%ormoredefoliationandharvestablebollsarestilldeveloping.Therearetwospeciesofloopersthatdefoliatecotton. Thecabbagelooperisgenerallycontrolledbyanyofthelistedinsecticides. Thesoybeanlooperismoredifficulttocontrolandisresistanttomostinsecticides.SPIDERMITESProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentschlorpyrifos(R)Lorsban4ENufos4ELorsbanAdvanced3.755

16.0oz16.0oz16.0oz

0.47‐0.50(0.50)(0.50)(0.47)

888

24hr 14d Donotgrazetreatedareasorusegintrashasfeed


3.8‐6.4oz3.8‐6.4oz3.8‐6.4oz3.8‐6.4oz

0.06‐0.1 20‐33.720‐33.720‐33.720‐33.7

12hr 14d Higherratesrequiredforadequatecontrol

propargiteComite6.55ComiteII6

16.0‐32.0oz20.0‐36.0oz

0.82‐1.69 4‐83.55‐6.4

7d 50d Donotapplyuntilplantsare12intall

spiromesifenOberon2SCOberon4SC

8.0‐16.0oz4.0‐8.0oz

0.125‐0.25 8‐1616‐32

12hr 30d Perseason32ozlimit16ozlimit

etoxazoleZeal72.7WSP

0.66‐1.0oz

0.03‐0.045 ‐

12hr 28d Maxof1application

abamectin(R)Agri‐Mek0.15ECZoro0.15EC

8.0‐16.0oz8.0‐16.0oz

0.009‐0.0188 8‐168‐16

12hr 20d 32ozlimitperseason

fepyroximatePortal0.4

16.0‐32.0oz

0.05‐0.1 4‐8

12hr 14d Limitof2ptperseason

Infestationsofspidermitesusuallyappearinborderrowsofafieldorsometimesinisolatedspotswithinafield.Whenmitesfirstappear,treatingborderrowsorspottreatingmaypreventoutbreaks.


120

STINKBUGSProduct(non‐pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsdicrotophos(R)Bidrin8E

4.0‐8.0oz

0.25‐0.5 16‐32 6d 30d 16ozlimitpostbloom;lowratesfortankmixonly


0.52‐0.77lb0.55‐0.83lb

0.5‐0.75 ‐‐

24hr 21d

oxamyl(R)Vydate3.77CLV

13.6‐17.0oz

0.4‐0.5 7.5‐9.4

48hr 14d


9.0‐14.0oz

0.058‐0.09 9.1‐14.2


Product(pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsbifenthrin(R)Discipline2ECBrigade2ECFanfare2ECBifenture2EC

2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz

0.04‐0.1 20‐5020‐5020‐5020‐50

12hr 14d Controlofspidermitesathighrates


1.6‐2.6oz

0.0125‐0.02 49‐80

12hr 0d


1.6‐2.5oz3.2‐5.12oz3.2‐5.12oz3.2‐5.12oz

0.025‐0.04 50‐8025‐4025‐4025‐40

24hr 21d


2.0‐5.0oz

0.04‐0.1 25‐64

12hr 14d


5.2‐10.3oz

0.05‐0.1

12.4‐24.6

12hr

14d


9.6oz

0.05 13

12hr 21d


1.28‐2.05oz

0.0125‐0.02 63‐100

24hr 21d


2.64‐3.6oz

0.017‐0.0225 35‐48

12hr 14d

alpha‐cypermethrin(R)Fastac0.83EC

3.6oz

0.023 35.5

12hr

21d

Treatwhenmedium‐sizedbollsdisplaysymptomsoffeedinginjurybyweekofbloom(50,30,10,10,10,20,30,50%)andstinkbugsarepresent.Beginscoutingforstinkbugswhensmallbollsappear.Considerusingamoreaggressive(i.e. 10%) threshold during weeks 3‐5 of bloom, as bolls developing during this growth stage are particularlysusceptible.Randomlyselectatleast25bolls(atleastaquarter[1inch]indiameter)perfield(add1additionalbollfor each acre exceeding 25 acres). Break each boll open and examine the carpal walls, lint, and seeds for injurysymptoms.Lookforthepresenceofwartygrowthsonthecarpalwallsandfordiscoloredseedandlint.Toensuretheaccuracyofthissamplingmethod,donotdeviatefromweeklycheckingofquarter‐sizediameterbolls.Onemayalsorateaninfestationbaseduponnumbersofstinkbugsbyusinga3‐ftbeatcloth.Whenthismethodisused,aninsecticidetreatmentwillbewarrantedfor1ormorestinkbugsper6feetofrow.Carefullyapproachandshaketheplantsonatleast30feetofrow(10,3‐ftsamples).Pyrethroidsappliedforbollwormcontrolwillgenerallyprovidecontrolofstinkbugsaswell.Bidrinshouldbeusedinapyrethroidtank‐mixinfieldswithinfestationspredominatedbybrownstinkbugs.Beespeciallyvigilantforstinkbugswhennotreatmentsarebeingappliedforcontrolofcaterpillars.


121

WHITEFLIESProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsacephateOrthene/Acephate97Orthene/Acephate90

8.2‐16.5oz8.9‐17.8oz

0.5‐1.0 ‐‐

24hr 21d

acetamipridAssail30SGAssail70WPIntruder70WSP

4.0‐5.3oz1.7‐2.3oz1.7‐2.3oz

0.075‐0.1 ‐‐‐

12hr 28d Ovicidalactivity


2.0‐2.5oz

0.05‐0.0625 ‐



1.0‐2.0oz2.0‐4.0oz0.9‐1.7oz

0.031‐0.0625 64‐12832‐6475‐142

12hr 14d

pyriproxyfenKnack0.86

8.0‐10.0oz

0.0538‐0.067 12.8‐16

12hr 28d AnIGRwithslowactivity

Treatfruitingcottonwhen50%ofplantterminalshavewhitefliespresentinheavyclustersontheundersidesofleavesandimmaturesarepresent.Treatmaturecottonwhenclustersofwhitefliesarepresentinterminals,bollsareopening,andhoneydewisfound.Infestationsarerareandusuallybandedwingedwhiteflies.Usehigherratesforsuppressionofdifficult‐to‐controlsilverleafwhiteflies.MULTIPLEPESTS–PRE‐MIXEDORCO‐PACKAGEDPRODUCTSProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentimidacloprid/beta‐cyfluthrin(R)Leverage(360)3

2.8‐3.2oz

0.066‐0.075 40‐45.7

12hr 14d Pre‐mixed

thiamethoxam/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)Endigo2.06ZC

3.5‐6.0oz

0.056‐0.096

21.3‐36.6

24hr

21d

Pre‐mixed

imidacloprid/bifenthrin(R)Brigadier2SC

3.8‐7.7oz

0.06‐0.12 16.6‐33.7


spinosad/gamma‐cyhalothrin(R)ConseroCP

1unitper32‐45acres

‐

‐

24hr

28d

Co‐pack

dicrotophos/bifenthrin(R)BidrinXPII5

10.5‐12.8oz

0.41‐0.5 ‐

6d 30d Pre‐mixed

chlorantraniliprole/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)Besiege1.25ZC

6.5‐12.5oz

0.063‐0.122 10.2‐19.7 24hr 21d Pre‐mixed

chlorpyrifos/gamma‐cyhalothrin(R)Cobalt2.55

26.0‐38.0oz

0.518‐0.757 3.37‐4.9


chlorpyrifos/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)CobaltAdvanced2.63

16.0‐38.0oz

0.328‐0.78 3.37‐8.0


bifenthrin/avermectin(R)Athena0.87

10.0‐17.0oz

0.068‐0.115 7.5‐12.8


diflubenzuron/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)DoubleTake3

3.0‐4.0oz

0.07‐0.0938 32‐42.7



4.0‐8.0oz

0.094‐0.188 16‐32

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed

Forcontrolofmultiplepestsexceedingthresholds,includingbutnotlimitedtovariouscombinationsofthefollowing:bollworm,beetandfallarmyworms,grasshoppers,aphids,plantbugs,stinkbugs,andspidermites.

ai=activeingredient;(R)=Restricteduse;REI=re‐entryinterval;PHI=pre‐harvestinterval


122

TREATMENTTIPS•Scoutyourfieldsregularlytodetermineinsectpopulationlevelsandtotimeinsecticideapplications.•Wherecontrolproblemsoccur,checkyoursprayercalibrationandinsecticideratestoensuretheyarecorrect.Beespeciallysuspiciousofhighpercentagesofbollwormssurvivingmultipleapplicationsofpyrethroids.Suspectedresistanceproblemsshouldbereportedtocountyagentsimmediately.•Usehighrates,andavoidlowrates.•Insecticideswillbemuchmoreeffectiveagainstbollwormswhenappliedwithinthefirst48hrafterhatch‐out.•Usehighersprayvolumesduringhotweatherandwhencontrolofbollwormsisdifficult.•Applyinginsecticidesinoilmayincreasetheireffectivenessduringunusuallyhotweatherorduringrainyweather.•Hollowconenozzlesaresuperiortoflatfannozzlesingettinggoodcoverageofleavesandotherplantparts.TX6orTX8tipsprovideexcellentcoverageat7to10gallonsperacreand60psi.•CAUTION:Itisprohibitedtospraybloomingcottonwithpyrethroidswhenbeesareactivelyforaging..


123

COTTONDISEASECONTROLJohnD.Mueller,ExtensionCottonPathologist

SEEDLINGDISEASESSeedlingdiseasesoccuroncottoninSouthCarolinaeveryyear.RhizoctoniasolaniisthemostcommonpathogenwithPythiumspp.occurringprimarilyonearly‐plantedcottonorcottonplantedonheavyorcool,wetsoils.Oneorbothoftheseseedlingpathogensarepresentinalmosteverycottonfield.Diseaseincidenceandseverityinagivenfieldaredeterminedbyenvironmentalfactorssuchassoiltemperatureandmoistureandbyseedqualityandvigor.Seedlingdiseasemanagementreliesontheintegrationofculturalpracticesandprudentuseoffungicides.Therearenovarietiesthat offer any level of resistance to seedlingdiseases. Crop rotation is also ineffective sinceRhizoctonia solani andPythiumspp.arecapableof infectingmostcommonlygrownrotationcropssuchascorn,peanutsandsoybean.Themostimportantculturalpracticetolimitseedlingdiseaseseverityistodelayplantinguntilsoiltemperaturesatthe4‐inchdepthareabove68oFforthreeconsecutivedays.Ingeneral,thefungicideswhichcontrolR.solanidonotcontrolPythiumspp.andthefungicideswhichcontrolPythiumspp.donotcontrolR.solani.Therefore,usingacombinationoffungicideswhichcontrolthetwofungiwillprovidethehighest probability of limiting damage from seedling diseases. If higher levels of protection are desired than areprovidedbythebasetreatmentsprovidedbyseedcompanies, in‐furrowfungicideswillprovidethehighestlevelofcontrol. Liquid in‐furrow fungicides are more effective than granular in‐furrow fungicides. Commercially appliedadditionalseedtreatmentsarenormallyeffectiveexceptunderextremelyhighdiseasepressure.Grower‐appliedseedtreatmentsorhopper‐boxtreatmentsprovidethelowestlevelsofadditionalcontrol.Thefungicidemustbethoroughlymixedwiththeseedtoachievediseasecontrol.Seedtreatmentproductsthatincludefungicidesandinsecticidesareavailable.Alwaysreadthelabel.Donotusetreatedseedforfeedorfood.FUNGICIDESAVAILABLEFORCOMMERCIALSEEDTREATMENTS,INCLUDINGCOMBINATIONSOFFUNGICIDES,INSECTICIDESANDNEMATICIDES.

Fungicontrolled Product

Applicationmethod

Re‐entryinterval Comments

Pythiumspp. ApronXL Commercialseed

treatment

48hours Mustbeappliedbycommercialseedtreaters.

Pythiumspp. Acquire Commercialseed

treatment

24hours Mustbeappliedbycommercialseedtreaters.

R.solani EverGolPrime Commercialseed

treatment

12hours(seelabelexceptions)

Mustbeappliedusingcommercialslurryormist‐typeseedtreatmentequipment

Fusariumspp.+Pythiumspp.+R.solani

SeedShieldCotton

Commercialseed

treatment

SeeLabel Mustbeappliedbycommercialseedtreaters.

Fusariumspp.+Pythiumspp.+R.solani

TrilexAdvanced Commercialseed

treatment

Seelabel Mustbeappliedbycommercialseedtreaters.

Fusariumspp.+R.solani

Vortex Commercialseed

treatment

Seelabel Mustbeappliedbycommercialseedtreaters.


124

AVAILABLEHOPPERBOXORSEEDTREATMENTS

Fungicontrolled Product

ApplicationMethod

Rateper100lb.seed


Pythiumspp. Allegiance‐FL

SeedTreatment 0.75–1.5oz. 24hrs. Seelabelforspecificdirectionsonapplyingthisproduct

R.solani Coronet SeedTreatment 5.1to6.2fl.oz. 12hrs. Applyasawater‐basedslurryusingstandardslurryormist‐typeapplicationequipment.

Pythiumspp.+R.solani

DynastyCST Seedtreatment 3.1–3.95fl.oz.

48hrs. Besuretothoroughlymixproductwithseed.Alwaysusehigh‐qualityplantingseed.

SeeLabel ManzatePro‐Stick

Hopperbox 3.0oz. 24hours Seelabel

SeeLabel ManzateMax

Hopperbox 4.8fl.oz. 24hrs. Seelabel

Fusariumspp.+R.solani

Maxim4FS Hopperbox 0.08–0.16fl.oz.

12hrs. Besuretothoroughlymixproductwithseed.Alwaysusehigh‐qualityplantingseed

Seelabel Penncozeb80WP

Hopperbox 3.0oz. 24hrs. Seelabel

Seelabel Penncozeb75DF

Hopperbox 3.2oz. 24hrs. Seelabel

R.solani Spera240FS CommercialorHopperbox

1.25–4.0fl.oz.

48hrs. Availableforcommercialorhopperboxtreatments.Seelabelfordirections

Pythiumspp.+R.solani

Trilex2000 Seedtreatment 2.0fl.oz. 24hrs. Besuretothoroughlymixproductwithseed.Alwaysusehigh‐qualityplantingseed.

R.solani Vibrance Seedtreatment 0.08–0.60fl.oz.

12hrs. Besuretothoroughlymixproductwithseed.Alwaysusehigh‐qualityplantingseed.

Pythiumspp.+R.solani+Fusariumspp.

VibranceCST

SeedTreatment 3.06to4.08fl.oz.

48hrs. Mustbeappliedasawaterbasedslurry.Containsazoxystrobin,fludiaxonil,mefenoxam,andsedaxane


125

IN‐FURROWFUNGICIDES

Funguscontrolled Product

ApplicationMethod

Rateper1,000rowft.


Pythiumspp. Reason500SCFungicide

In‐furrowliquidspray

0.45fl.oz. 12hrs. Applyinasprayvolumeof3to5galperacre.Directthesprayin‐furrowbehindseeddropbutbeforefurrowclosure

Pythiumspp. RidomilGoldGR

In‐furrowgranular

1.5–3.0oz. 48hrs. ControlsonlyseedrotscausedbyPythiumspp.

Pythiumspp. RidomilGoldSL


0.075‐0.15oz. 48hrs. Foruseprimarilyinearly‐plantedcottonwithcool,wetsoils

Pythiumspp.

Terramaster4EC


4.0to8.0fl.oz.peracrebasedon40inchrows.

12hrs. Mixwith5to15gallonsofwater.

R.solani HeadlineSCfungicide

In‐furrow 0.1–0.8fl.oz. 12hrs. Useaminimumof2.5gallonsofwaterperacre.Applyintofurrowbeforeseediscovered.

R.solani Meteor In‐furrowliquidspray

0.25to0.5fl.oz. 24hrs Applyinatleast2.5gal.waterperacretodeliverinanopenseedfurrow

R.solani Rovral4FlowableFungicide

In‐furrow 0.25–0.5fl.oz. 4hrs. Applyatplantingasabandedsprayovertheseedandcoveringsoil

R.solani Headline In‐furrowliquid

0.4‐0.8fl.oz./1000rowft.

12hrs. Spraya4‐8inchbandoverseedpriortocoveringwithsoil

R.solani+Pythiumspp.

QuadrisFlowable

In‐furrowliquid

0.40‐0.80oz./1000rowft.

4hrs. Applyasasprayin5to15gal.ofwaterovertheopenfurrowatplantingtothesoilaroundtheseedandcoveringsoil.

R.solani+Pythiumspp.

UNIFORM In‐furrowspray

0.32‐0.48fl.oz./1000ft.row

0hrs. Applyasanin‐furrowsprayin5to15gallonsofwaterperacreatplanting.


126

LEAFSPOTS ANDBOLLROTS Mostleafspotscausedbyfungiarenotsevereenoughtowarrantfungicideapplications.Inmanycasesdiseaseseverityisincreasedbynutrientdeficiencies,especiallyshortagesofpotassium.LeafspotsthatoccurinSouthCarolinaincludeAlternaria leaf spot,Ascochytablight, Cercospora leaf spot, Phomablight, andStemphylium leaf spot.Boll rots arecausedbymanydifferentfungi.TheseincludeAlternariabollrots,Anthracnosebollrot,Ascochytabollrot,Diplodiabollrot,andPhomabollrot.Manybollrotsarecausedbybacteriaandcannotbecontrolledbyafungicide.Controlofeitherleafspotsorbollrotswithfungicidesisdifficulttoachieve.InrecentyearsTargetspot,causedbyCorynesporacassiicola,hasbecomecommoninsomeareasoftheSoutheasternUnitedStatesincludingtheSavannahValleyofSouthCarolina.TherearefungicidesarelabeledforTargetspotcontrol.However,reliableapplicationtimingsandrateshavenotbeenestablished.Alwaysreadthelabelforappropriateapplicationrates.FUNGICIDESFORFOLIARAPPLICATIONSONCOTTON

Diseasescontrolled Product

Applicationmethod Rate


Numerousleafspotsandbollrots:seelabelforspecificfungi

Elatus Foliarspray 5.0–7.3fl.oz.peracre

12hrs. 45daypreharvestinterval.Onlytwoapplicationsareallowed.


Headlinefungicide

Foliarspray 6.0–12.0fl.oz.peracre

12hrs. 30daypreharvestinterval.Twoapplicationsareallowed


HeadlineSC

fungicide

Foliarspray 6.0–12fl.oz.peracre

12hrs. 30daypreharvestinterval.Twoapplicationsareallowed

Numerousleafspotsandbollrots;seelabelforspecificfungi

Priaxor Foliarspray 4.0–8.0fl.oz.peracre

12hrs. 30daypreharvestinterval.Maximumapplicationof24fl.oz.peracreperseason.Maximum3applicationsperseason.


Quadris Foliarspray 6–9fl.oz.peracre

12hrs. 45daypreharvestinterval.Maximumapplicationof27fl.oz./acre/season


Topguard Foliarspray 7to14oz.peracre

12hrs. 30daypreharvestinterval.Only2applicationsallowedperyear.


TwinLine Foliarspray 7‐8.5fl.oz.peracre

12hrs. 30‐daypreharvestinterval.Threeapplicationsareallowed.


127

COTTONNEMATODECONTROLJohnD.Mueller,ExtensionCottonPathologist

NematodesposeaseriousthreattocottonproductioninSouthCarolina.Noteveryfieldisinfestedwithdamaginglevelsofnematodes.However, inthefieldsthatareinfested,yieldlossesrangefrombarelydetectabletoover50percent.Almosthalfofallfieldshaveatleastonenematodespeciesoverdamagethresholdlevels.Managementtoolsforanyofthethreemajornematodespeciesarelimited.Deeptillageisusefulinmanagingyieldlossescausedbyallthreespecies.In the last several years cotton varieties that are resistant/tolerant to Southern root‐knot nematode have becomeavailablefromseveralcompanies.Includedinthislistofresistant/tolerantvarietiesare:PHY367WRF,PHY427WRF,ST5458B2RF,ST4288B2RF,ST4946GLB2,DP1454NRB2RF,DP1558NRB2RF. ThisresistanceiseffectiveonlyagainstSouthernroot‐knotnematode.Forinformationoncottonnematodemanagementusinghostplantresistance,croprotation,covercrops,orplantingdatesseethelatestCottonProductionGuide.NematicideUse:Nematicidesarebrokenoutintotwomajorgroupsbasedonnematodepressure.Thefirstgroupisforuseinfieldswithhighnematodepopulationlevels.TeloneII istheonly“standalone”nematicideforfieldswithheavy nematode pressure. It is applied as a pre‐plant fumigant. Other treatment regimens for fields with heavynematode pressure includeTemik15G in‐furrowat‐plantingplus post‐emergence applications ofTemik 15G side‐dressed or Vydate C‐LV sprayed over the top. The second group of nematicides can be used in fieldswith low tomoderate nematode pressure. It includes Temik 15G in‐furrow at‐planting and also commercial seed treatmentsincluding AVICTA Complete Pak or AERIS Seed Treatment System. AVICTA Complete Pak contains a nematicide(Abamectin),aninsecticide(Cruiser)andacombinationoffungicides(DynastyCST).AERISSeedTreatmentSystemcontainsanematicide (Larvin)andan insecticide (GauchoGrande).The inclusionofTrilexAdvancedSeedAppliedSystemfungicidesisoptional.VydateC‐LVcanalsobeappliedpost‐emergenceincombinationwithat‐planttreatmentsofTemik15GorseedtreatmentssuchasAVICTACompletePakorAERISSeedTreatmentSystemforadditionalcontrolinfieldswithlowtomoderatenematodepressure.ASection18labelforCounter20Gforthe2015growingseasonhasbeenappliedforbutnotyetapproved.Ifitisapproved,youwillneedtohaveaSection18labelinyourpossessionasyouuseitandwillneedtocheckthatspecificlabelforrulesandrestrictions.


128

FUMIGANT,GRANULAR,ANDLIQUIDNEMATICIDESAVAILABLEINSOUTHCAROLINAFORCONTROLOFNEMATODES.SEELABELSFORSPECIFICSPECIESCONTROLLEDBYEACHPRODUCT.

Nematodelevel Product

Rate/acrefor38inch

rowsApplicationMethod


High TeloneII

3.0–5.0gal. Pre‐plantfumigant

5days Shouldbeinjectedundertherowsothatafterbeddingthereareatleast14‐inchesbetweenthereleasepointandthesoilsurface.Aminimumwaitingperiodof10to14daysisneededpriortoplanting.Additionalmaterialsareneededforthripscontrol.

High Temik15G

3.0‐6.0lbs. Post‐emergenceside‐dressed

48hrs. Alwaysuseincombinationwithanat‐plantorpre‐plantnematicide.Applyafter1stsquare.Side‐dressgranules8to16inchestoonesideoftheplantrowand2to6inchesdeep.

High AgLogic15G

5.0lbs. Post–emergenceside‐dressed

48hours Tocontrolhighlevelsofnematodes,applyasasplitapplication,in‐furrow+sidedress.Applysidedressinafurrowthatis6to12inchestooneorbothsidesoftheplantrowtoadepthof2to3inches.

High VapamHL

6.0‐12.0gal.

Pre‐plantfumigant

5days(seelabel)

Inject12inchesbelowplantingdepthandsealimmediately.Wait7‐14daysbeforeplanting

LowtoModerate

VelumTotal

14to18fl.oz.

In‐furrowAt‐plant

12hrs. Applyasin‐furrowspraywith5to6gal./acreofwateratplanting.Containsaninsecticide‐imidacloprid,plusafungicide/nematicide‐fluopyram

ModeratetoHigh

VydateCLV

8.5–17.0fl.oz.

Post‐emergence

48hrs. Apply2‐to4‐weeksafteremergenceasabandovertheroworbroadcast.Alwaysapplyincombinationwithanat‐plantorpre‐plantnematicide.

LowtoModerate

Temik15G

3.0–6.0lbs. In‐furrowat‐plant

48hrs. Drillgranulesjustbelowtheseedlineorplaceinseedfurrowandcoverwithsoil.

LowtoModerate

AgLogic15G

3.5to6.0lbs.

In‐furrowat‐plant

48hrs. Applygranulesintheseedfurrowandimmediatelycoverwithsoilbymechanicalmeans.ORApplygranulesina4to6‐inchband(T‐Band)overopenseedfurrowandimmediatelycoverwithsoilbymechanicalmeans.


129

NEMATICIDESAVAILABLEINSOUTHCAROLINAASCOMMERCIALSEEDTREATMENTSFORCONTROLOFLOWTOMODERATELEVELSOFNEMATODES.SEELABELSFORSPECIFICSPECIESCONTROLLEDBYEACHPRODUCT.Nematodelevel Product

ApplicationMethod


LowtoModerate

AERISSeed‐AppliedInsecticide/Nematicide

Availableonlyasa

commercialseed

treatment

Notapplicable

Containsanematicideandaninsecticide.Seelabelforfurtherinformation.

LowtoModerate

Avicta500FS Availableonlyasa

commercialseed

treatment

NotApplicable

ContainsonlythenematicideAbamectin.

LowtoModerate

AvictaDuoCotton Availableonlyasa

commercialseed

treatment

Notapplicable

Containsanematicide(Abamectinat12.4%)andaninsecticide(Thiamethoxamat28.1%).Seelabelforfurtherinformation.

LowtoModerate

AvictaDuoCOT202 Availableonlyasa

commercialseed

treatment

Notapplicable

Containsanematicide(Abamectinat11.2%)andaninsecticide(Thiamethoxamat28.0%).Seelabelforfurtherinformation.

LowtoModerate

COPeOPrime Availableonlyasa

commercialseed

treatment

Notapplicable

Containsanematicide(fluopyramat48.4%)thatmayalsoactasafungicide.

LowtoModerate

PONCHO/VOTiVO Availableonlyasa

commercialseed

treatment

Notapplicable

Containsanematicideandaninsecticide.Seelabelforfurtherinformation.


130

GRASSFORAGEWEEDCONTROLMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinNewlySpriggedBermudagrass




Direx4L(diuron)Diuron4L

0.8‐2.4qt

0.8‐2.4lb

7 70days 12hours

Comments:ApplyDIREXimmediatelyafterspriggingtocontrolofannualbroadleavesandgrasses(upto4”inheight).Addasurfactantat1ptper100gallonsofspraysolution.Bermudagrasssprigsshouldbeplanted2inchesdeeptominimizechanceofinjury.Emergedbermudagrassatthetimeoftreatmentmaybetemporarilyinjured.DIREXisnotlabeledforuseinestablishedbermudagrasshayfieldsandpastures.

Graslan3.81L(2,4‐Dcholine+picloram)

1.0pt

0.375lb

0.10lb

44

30days 48hours

Comments:GRASLANisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyGRASLANat1.0pt/Atospriggedbermudagrassoncerunners(stolons)havereached6inchesinlengthandgrowingconditionsarefavorable.GRASLANshouldnotbeusedinareasofthestatewherecotton,tobacco,orothersensitivebroadleafcropsaregrown.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

Outrider75DF (sulfosulfuron)

1.33oz 0.062lb

2 14days 12hours

Comments:ApplyOUTRIDERat1.33oz/Atocontroljohnsongrass,yellowandpurplenutsedge,andotherweedsinnewlyspriggedbermudagrasshayfieldsandpastures4weeksafteremergenceofspriggedareas.Forbestresults,donotgrazeormowpasture/hayfield2weeksbeforeor2weeksafterapplication.AdditionofNISat1qt/100gal isrequired.Afollow‐upapplicationofOUTRIDERcanbemadewhensufficientweedregrowthisobserved,butnosoonerthan4weeksafterthepreviousapplication.

Surmount2.15SL(picloram+fluroxypyr)

1.5‐6.0pt

0.22‐0.9lb

0.18‐0.72lb

44

0days 12hours

Comments:SURMOUNTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.DonotuseSURMOUNTinareasofthestatewherecotton,tobacco, or other sensitivebroadleaf cropsare grown. Apply at 1.5 pt/A to sprigged bermudagrass once runners(stolons)havereached6inchesinlengthandgrowingconditionsarefavorable.Donotapplymorethan3qt/Aperyear.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.


131

HerbicidesforWeedManagementinNewlySpriggedBermudagrass(cont)




2,4‐D4SLamine/ester 1.0‐2.0qt 1.0‐2.0lbae 4 7days 48hours

Comments: Apply2,4‐D to emergedbroadleafweeds3‐4 inches tall.Apply1 lb ae/A for susceptible annual andbiennialbroadleavesand2lbae/Afordifficult‐to‐controlbroadleafbiennialsandperennials.ApplylowvolatileestersfromOctoberthroughMarch.Useonlynon‐volatileAMINEformulationsfromlateMarchthroughSeptember.Donotapplymorethan2.0qtperacreperseason.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsperyear.Minimumintervalbetweensequentialapplicationsis30days.Forbestresults,applytothistleswhentheyareintherosettestageofgrowth(lessthan3inches).Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

HerbicidesforWeedManagementinDormantEstablishedGrassForages




GramoxoneSL2SL(paraquat)Parazone3SLFirestorm3SL

1.0‐2.0pt

0.7‐1.3pt

0.25‐0.50lb

0.26‐0.49lb

22 40days 12hours

Comments:GRAMOXONESL isaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Apply inaminimumof10gallonsofwater in latewinterorearlyspring(FebruaryorMarch)beforebermudagrassbreaksdormancyandbeginsspringgreen‐up.Add1pt NIS per 100 gal. of spraymix. Do not mow for hay until 40 days after treatment. Do not makemore than 3applicationsperyear.


8‐11oz

0.28‐0.38lbae

9 21days 12hours

Comments:Apply inearly‐ to late‐wintermonthstoearlyspring(priortogreen‐up) inbermudagrasspasturestocontrolwinterweeds.Applybeforebermudagrassexhibitsnewgrowthinthespring.Somestuntingwilloccurwhenapplicationsaremadewhencrop isnotdormant.OnlyoneapplicationofGLYPHOSATE ispermittedperyear. Ifaspringapplicationpriortogrowthinitiationwasmade,thenanapplicationfollowingthefirstcuttingmaynotbemadeinthesameyear.


1.1‐4.2qt 1.1‐4.0lb

3 0days 24hours

Comments:ApplyPROWLH2Oinlate‐Februarytomid‐Marchinearlyspringtodormantbermudagrass,bahiagrass,andswitchgrasspastures.Applybeforeanynewgrowthappearsinthespring.Providesresidualcontrolofcrabgrass,sandburs,andpigweed.PROWLH2Omaybeappliedintwosplitapplicationswiththefirsthalfattheonsetofwinterdormancyandtheremainderinearlyspringbeforegreen‐up.Donotapplymorethan4.2qt/AofPROWLH2Oinanyonecroppingseason.


132

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrassForages





0.5‐1.5floz

0.008‐0.024lb

14 0days 12hours

Comments: Apply AIM in aminimumof 25 gallons of finished spray solutionwith ground equipment to controlbroadleafweedsupto4inchestallincludingbittersneezeweed,cocklebur,hophornbeamcopperleaf,woollycroton,and jimsonweed.AIM,at thehigherrate,willprovidesuppressionofbuttercup,horsenettle,anddogfennel.Addanonionicsurfactantat1qt/100galsplusammoniumsulfateat2.5lbs/A.Maybetankmixedwithotherherbicideslabeledforpastureuse.Donotmakesequentialapplicationslessthan7daysapart.Donotapplymorethan5.9floz/Aperseason.Donotmakemorethan3applicationsperseason.

Banvel4SL(dicamba)Clarity4SL

1.0‐3.0pt 0.5‐1.5lb

4 30days 24hours

Comments:Ifthistlesarepresent,applywhiletheyareintherosettestageofgrowth.Thistreatmentmayseverelyinjureorkillclovers,alfalfa,andotherlegumes.Donotspraywhencircumstancesfavorvaporand/orparticledriftfromapplicationsitetosensitivecrops.

Chaparral0.71DF(aminopyralid+metsulfuron)

2.0‐3.0oz 0.014‐0.020lb

0.002‐0.003lb

42

14days 48hours

Comments:ApplyCHAPARRALat2.0oz/Atocontrolmostbroadleafspeciescommoninbermudagrasspasturesandhayfields. AddaNIS at1qtper100gallonsof spray solutionor COCat1 gallonper100gal spray solutionplusammoniumnitrogenfertilizerat2qt/Aorspraygradeammoniumsulfateat2lb/A.Donotplantabroadleafcropuntilconductingafieldbioassay.CHAPARRALwillkilllegumecropssuchascloversoralfalfa.Donotexceed3.3oz/Aperyear.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.AminopyralidHay/ManureRestrictions:DonotusegrassestreatedwithCHAPARRALinthepreceding18monthsforhayintendedforexportoutsideofUnitedStates.HayfromareastreatedwithCHAPARRALinthepreceding18monthsCANNOTbedistributedormadeavailableforsaleofffarmorranchwhereharvested.HayfromareastreatedwithCHAPARRALinthepreceding18‐monthsCANNOTbeusedforsilage,baylage,haylage,andgreenchop.DonotmovehaymadefromgrasstreatedwithCHAPARRALwithinthepreceding18‐monthsofffarm.DonotusehayorstrawfromareastreatedwithCHAPARRALwithinthepreceding18‐monthsormanurefromanimalsfeedingonhaytreatedwith CHAPARRAL in compost.Do not use grasses treatedwithCHAPARRAL in the preceding18months for seedproduction.

CimarronMax3SL(metsulfuron+dicamba+2,4‐D)

0.25‐1.0oz

1.0‐4.0pt

0.009‐0.037lb

0.25‐0.5lb

0.72‐1.44lb

244

37days 48hours

Comments:CIMARRONMAX is a2part (PartA–metsulfuron;PartB –dicamba+2,4‐D)productused for annual andperennialbroadleafweedcontrolinbermudagrasspastures.Desirablebroadleafforageplants,suchascloveroralfalfa,maybeseverelyinjuredorkilled.ApplywithNIS(1qt/100gal)orCOC(1gal/100gal)plusnitrogenfertilizerat2qt/A(UAN)or2lb/A(AMS).Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.


133

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrassForages(cont)




CimarronPlus63DF(metsulfuron+chlorsulfuron)Chisum63DF

0.125‐1.25oz

0.004‐0.038lb+

0.001‐0.011lb

22

0days 4hours

Comments:ApplyCIMARRONPLUStoestablishedbermudagrassforthecontrolof‘Pensacola’bahiagrassandcertainbroadleafweeds.Add1.0ptto1.0qtnonionicsurfactantper100gal.ofspraymix.Noteffectiveforthecontrolof‘Common’ or ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass. Desirable broadleaf forage plants, such as clover or alfalfa,may be severelyinjuredorkilled.

Crossbow3SL(2,4‐D+triclopyr)

1.0‐4.0qt

0.5‐2.0lb

0.25‐1.0lb

44

14days **

Comments:ApplyCROSSBOWtocontrolbroadleafweedsandwoodyplants.Desirableforagebroadleafplantssuchascloveroralfalfamaybekilledifsprayed.Forrangeandpasturesites,donotapplymorethan1gallonCROSSBOWper acreper season.Donotmakemore than1applicationper year in rangelandandpasture areas.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.**Donotenterorallowotherstoentertreatedareauntilsprayshavedriedcompletely.

Garlon3A(triclopyr)

2.0‐5.0pt 0.75‐1.88lbae 4 14days 48hours

Comments: Apply GARLON 3A to established grass pastures for control of broadleaf weeds and woody brush.Desirableforagebroadleafplants,suchascloveroralfalfa,maybekilledifsprayed.Applicationsatairtemperatures>85°Fmaycausemoderatetoseverebermudagrassinjuryfortwotothreeweeks.Donotapplymorethan2.0lbae/AofGARLON3Apergrowingseason.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

Graslan3.81SL(2,4‐Dcholine+picloram)

0.67‐2.67pt

0.38‐1.0lb

0.07‐0.27lb

44

21days 48hours

Comments:GRASLANisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyGRASLANat2.67pt/Aor less tocontrolbroadleafweeds permanent grass pastures thatwill be over‐seededwith grasses (annual ryegrass,wheat, rye, oats, or tallfescue).Usehigherrateforlargerweedsandheavierinfestations.Siteshouldbeleftundisturbedfor21daysafterapplication.ApplyGRASLANat5.0pt/Aforcontrolofpricklypearcactus,horsenettle,andotherwoodyplants.Forpermanentpasturesthathavebeenover‐seededwithryegrassorsmallgrains,donotapplyGRASLANinexcessof1.0pt/Aanddelayapplicationuntilseedlinggrassesarewellestablishedandatthetillerstageorlater.Notrecommendedforuseinrotationalsystemsthatutilizebroadleafcropsor intemporarysummerorwintergrazinggrasssystemsunlesstemporarygrassisseededintoapermanentpasture.Donotapplymorethan5qt/Aperyear.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsperyear.Donotapplywithin30daysofthepreviousapplication.Donotusemanurefromanimalsthathavegrazedtreatedareasforgrowingbroadleafcrops,ornamentals,orchards,orothersusceptiblecrops.Donotuse hay or other plantmaterials from treated areas ormanure from animals being fed treated forage or hay forcompostingormulchingdesirable,susceptiblebroadleafcrops.GRASLANshouldnotbeusedinareasofthestatewherecotton, tobacco, or other sensitive broadleaf cropsaregrown. Donotmakeapplicationswhen circumstances favormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.


134





Glyphosate*acidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal.

10oz

0.35lbae

9

21days 4hours

Comments: Apply GLYPHOSATE after the first bermudagrass cutting when bermudagrass has not yet initiatedregrowth.Controlscrabgrass,fieldsandbur,seedlingjohnsongrassandmostannualgrasses.Applicationsmadeafterregrowthhasbegunwillinjurebermudagrass.OnlyoneapplicationofGLYPHOSATEispermittedperyear.Ifaspringapplicationpriortogrowthinitiationandapplicationfollowingthefirstcuttingmaynotbemadeinthesameyear.

GrazonNextHL3.74SL(aminopyralid+2,4‐D)

1.2‐2.1pt

0.06‐0.11lb

0.50‐0.87lb

44

7days 48hours

Comments:Controlsannualandperennialbroadleafweedsas listedforMILESTONE.Addanonionicsurfactantat0.25%v/v.Donotplantabroadleafcropuntilconductingafieldbioassay.GRAZONNEXTHLwillkilllegumecropssuchascloversoralfalfa.Donotapplymorethan2.1pt/Aperseason.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsperyear.Donotapplywithin30daysofpreviousapplication.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.AminopyralidHay/ManureRestrictions:DonotusegrassestreatedwithGRAZONNEXTHLinthepreceding18‐monthsforhayintendedforexportoutsidetheUnitedStates.HayfromareastreatedwithGRAZONNEXTHLinthepreceding18monthscannotbedistributedormadeavailableforsaleoffthefarmorranchwhereharvested.DonotmovehaymadefromgrasstreatedwithGRAZONNEXTHLwithinthepreceding18monthsofffarm.DonotusehayorstrawfromareastreatedwithGRAZONNEXTHLormanuefromanimalsfeedingonhaytreatedwithGRAZONNEXTHLincompost.DonotusethegrassestreatedwithGRAZONNEXTHLinthepreceding18monthsforseedproduction.

Impose2SL(imazapic)

4‐12oz 0.063‐0.188lb

2

0days 12hours

Comments:Apply4‐6oz/Aforsummerannualbroadleafandgrassweedsand6‐12oz/Aforperennialgrassweeds.Bermudagrass growth may be suppressed for 30‐45 days after application. Do not apply to drought stressedbermudagrass.AddaNIS(1qt/100gal)orMSOat1.5‐2.0pt/Atothespraymix.Donotapplyduringtransitionfromdormancytofullgreen‐up.Donotuseonnewlyspriggedorseededbermudagrass.ApplyIMPOSEorPANORAMICin10‐20gal/Anitrogenfertilizer(28‐32%N)asaspraycarrierwillshortentherecoverytime.

Metsulfuron60DF(metsufluron)Accurate60DF

0.1‐0.4oz 0.004‐0.015lb

2

0days 4hours

Comments: Apply 0.1‐0.4 oz/A for control of summer annual and perennial broadleaf weeds. Add a nonionicsurfactantat1qtper100galofspraysolution.METSULFURONmaybetankmixedwith2,4‐D(esterformulationspreferred),BANVEL,GRAZONP+D,REMEDY,TORDON22K,orWEEDMASTER.


135





Milestone2S(aminopyralid)

3.0‐7.0oz 0.047‐0.109lb

4

14days 48hours

Comments:Controlsannualandperennialbroadleafweeds,includinginvasiveandnoxiousweeds.Addanonionicsurfactantat1qt/100gal.Donotplantabroadleafcropuntilconductingafieldbioassay.Donotapplymorethan7floz/acreofMILESTONEperyear.MILESTONEwillkilllegumecropssuchascloversoralfalfa.DonotuseMILESTONEongrassesgrownforseedproduction.HayfromgrasstreatedwithMILESTONEwithinthepreceding18monthscanonlybeusedonthefarmorranchwheretheproductisapplied*.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.AminopyralidHay/ManureRestrictions: Do not use grasses treatedwith AMINOPYRALID in the preceding 18months forhay intended forexportoutside theUnitedStates.Hay fromareas treatedwithAMINOPYRALID in thepreceding18monthscannotbedistributedormadeavailableforsaleoffthefarmorranchwhereharvested.HayfromareastreatedwithAMINOPYRALIDcannotbeusedforsilage,baylage,orgreenchop.DonotmovehayfromgrasstreatedwithAMINOPYRALIDwithinthepreceding18months.DonotusehayorstrawfromareastreatedwithAMINOPYRALIDwithinthepreceding18monthsormanurefromanimalsfeedingonhaytreatedwithAMINOPYRALIDincompost.DonotusegrassestreatedwithAMINOPYRALIDinthepreceding18monthsforseedproduction.

Outrider75DF(sulfosulfuron)

1.33‐2.0oz 0.047‐0.094lb

2

14days 12hours

Comments:ApplyOUTRIDERat1.33oz/Afromearlyspringthroughfalltocontroljohnsongrass(minimumof18‐24inchestall),yellowandpurplenutsedge,andotherweedsinbahiagrassandbermudagrasshayfieldsandpastures.Afollow‐upapplicationcanbemade40daysafterlastapplication.Forcontroloflargeweedsorwhenweedgrowthisheavyordense,asingleapplicationof2.0oz/Aispermitted.Forbestresults,donotgrazeormowpasture/hayfield2weeksbeforeor2weeksafterapplication.AdditionofNISat1qt/100galisrequired.Nocrop,exceptwheat,maybeplantedintoatreatedpasturewithin12monthsofapplication.

Pastora71.2DF

(nicosulfuron+metsulfuron)

1.0‐1.5oz

0.035‐0.053lb+

0.009‐0.014lb

22

0days 4hours

Comments:ApplyPASTORAtobermudagrasshayfieldsandpasturesanytimeduringthegrowingseasonforcontrolofsandburs,crabgrass,blackberry,vaseygrass,andPensacolabahiagrass.Allowatleast16daysbetweenapplicationsofPASTORA.Forcontrolofvaseygrass,applyPASTORAat1.0‐1.5oz/A7to14daysaftercuttingbermudagrassforhaywhenvaseygrasshasregrown2‐4inchesabovethebermudagrass. Arepeatapplicationmaybenecessaryforadequatelevelofcontrol.Donotapplymorethan2.5oz/AofPASTORAperyear.Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat1qt/100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizerat2qt/AoraspraygradeAMSat4lb/A.ThereisnograzingorhayingrestrictionsafterusingPASTORA.


136





Pastora71.2DF(nicosulfuron+metsulfuron)+Glyphosate*acidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal.

1.0‐1.5oz

4.0‐6.0floz

0.035‐0.053lb+

0.009‐0.014lb

0.14‐0.21lbae

229

0days 4hours

Comments:Forimprovedcontrolofcrabgrass,sandburs,foxtails,rescuegrass, littlebarley,andryegrass,tankmixPASTORAwithGLYPHOSATEandapplytobermudagrasshayfieldsandpastures.Arepeatapplicationmaybenecessaryforadequatelevelofcontrol.Allowatleast14daysbetweenapplicationsofPASTORAplusGLYPHOSATE.Donotapplymorethan2.5oz/AofPASTORAperyear.Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat1qt/100galofspraysolution.ApplicationsofPASTORAplusGLYPHOSATEmayresultintemporarystuntingoryellowingofbermudagrass.

PastureGardHL4SL(triclopyr+fluroxypyr)

1.5‐8.0pt

0.3‐1.5lb

0.1‐0.5lb

44

14days 12hours

Comments:Controlsawiderangeofherbaceousandwoodybroadleafplants.Use1.5to3.0pts./acreforherbaceousbroadleafweeds.Use2.0to8.0pts./acreforwoodybrushandtrees.Donotgrazelactatingdairyanimalsontreatedareasduringthesamegrowingseasonfollowingapplication.Withdrawmeatanimalsfromtreatedforageatleast3daysbeforeslaughter.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.


1.1‐4.2qt 1.0‐4.0lb 3 0days 24hours

Cool‐SeasonForageGrassesComments:ApplyPROWLH2Obeforetargetweedgerminationduringthefallafterthelastcutting,inwinter,inspring,orin‐seasonbetweencuttings.PROWLH2Owillnotcontrolemergedweeds.DonotapplyPROWLH2Otomixedstandsofcool‐seasonforagegrasseswithotherforagelegumesbesidesalfalfa.Providesresidualcontrolofcrabgrass,sandburs,andpigweed.Donotapplymorethan4.2qt/AofPROWLH2Oinanyonecroppingseason.DonotapplyProwlH2Otoareaswherestandingwaterispresentinthefield.ThereisnoprehavestintervalfollowingaPROWLH2Oapplicationandlivestockgrazingorforageharvest.Warm‐SeasonForageGrassesComments:ApplyPROWLH2Obeforetargetweedgerminationduringthefallafterthelastcutting,duringdormancyperiodorinearlyspringbeforegreenup,orin‐seasonbetweencuttings.PROWLH2Owillnotcontrolemergedweeds.DonotapplyPROWLH2Otobermudagrassandbahiagrassaftergreenupinthespringbeforethefirstcutting.Providesresidualcontrolofcrabgrass,sandburs,andpigweed.Forresidualcontrolofsandbursthroughthegrowingseason,considerapplyingPROWLH2Oinasplitapplicationwiththefirsthalf(1‐2qt)attheendofthedormantseasonandtheremainder(1‐2qt)inmid‐summerfollowingacutting.Donotapplymorethan4.2qt/AofPROWLH2Oinanyonecroppingseason.DonotapplyProwlH2Otoareaswherestandingwaterispresentinthefield.ThereisnoprehavestintervalfollowingaPROWLH2Oapplicationandlivestockgrazingorforageharvest.


137





RedeemR&P3S(triclopyr+clopyralid)

1.5‐4.0pt

0.38‐1.12lb

0.14‐0.38lb

44

14days 48hours

Comments:Applyforcontrolofbroadleafweeds.Use2.5to4.0pts./acretocontroldogfennel,spinyamaranth,andhorsenettle.Desirableforagebroadleafplantssuchascloveroralfalfamaybekilledifsprayed.Donotapplytonewly‐seededorspriggedgrassesuntiltheyarewellestablished.Donottransferlivestockfromtreatedgrazingareasontobroadleafcropareaswithoutfirstallowing7daysofgrazingofuntreatedgrasspasture.Donotusegrassfromtreatedareasormanurefromanimalsbeingfedtreatedforageforcompostingormulchingofdesirable,susceptiblebroadleafplants.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

RemedyUltra4S(triclopyr)

1.0‐2.0pt 0.5‐1.0lb

4

14days **

Comments:Applytoestablishedgrasspasturesforcontrolofbroadleafweedsandwoodybrush.REMEDYULTRAmay be tank‐mixed with 2,4‐D for broader spectrum weed control and control of sensitive herbaceous species.Desirableforagebroadleafplantssuchascloveroralfalfamaybekilledifsprayed.Applicationsatairtemperatures>85°Fmaycausemoderatetoseverebermudagrassinjuryfortwotothreeweeks.Donotapplymorethan0.5gal/AofREMEDYULTRApergrowingseason.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.**Donotenterorallowotherstoentertreatedareauntilsprayshavedriedcompletely.

Sandea75DF(halosulfuron‐methyl)

0.67‐1.33oz 0.031‐0.62lb 2 37days 12hours

Comments:ApplySANDEAtoactivelygrowingbroadleafweeds1‐3inchestall.Forperennialnutsedge(yellowandpurple),applySANDEAatthe3to5leafgrowthstage.TemporarycropstaturereductionmayoccurafterapplicationofSANDEAifmilletisunderstress.ApplySANDEAinaminimumof10galofwaterperacre.Addanon‐ionicsurfactant(NIS)at1‐2qtper100galofspraysolution.Avoidapplicationswhenweedsareunderdroughtorheatstress.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsor1.33oz/AofSANDEAina12‐monthperiod. Donotharvestgreenordryforagewithin37‐daysapplication. Animalsarepermitted tograze fields immediately followingapplicationsof SANDEA.Rainfastinterval4hours.

Stinger3S(clopyralid)

0.5‐1.33pt 0.19‐0.50lb

4

0days 12hours

Comments:STINGERcontrolsnumerousannual,biennial,andperennialbroadleaves.Consultlabelforspecificweedspectrum.LegumesincludingalfalfaandcloverswillbeseverelyinjuredorkilledbySTINGER.Donotapplytonewlyseededpasturegrassesuntiltheyarewellestablishedasevidencedbytilleringandestablishmentofsecondaryrootsystem.Donotusehayorstrawcutfromtreatedareasforcompostingormulchingonbroadleafcrops.Donotapplymorethan1.33pt/Apergrowingseason.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsite.


138





Surmount2.15SL(picloram+fluroxypyr)

1.5‐6.0pt

0.22‐0.9lb

0.18‐0.72lb

44

** 12hours

Comments:SURMOUNTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.DonotuseSURMOUNTinareasofthestatewherecotton,tobacco,orothersensitivebroadleafcropsaregrown.Controlsawiderangeofherbaceousandwoodybroadleafplants.Use1.5to2.0pt/Aforherbaceousbroadleafweeds.Use3.0to6.0pt/Aforwoodybrushandtrees.Donotapplymorethan3qt/AperseasonofSURMOUNT.Donottransferlivestockfromtreatedgrazingareasontobroadleafcropareaswithoutfirstallowing7daysofgrazingofuntreatedgrasspasture.Donotmovetreatedsoil,orusetreatedsoilforgrowingotherplantsuntilsoilresiduesofpicloramarenolongerdetectablebychemicalassay.Donotusegrassfromtreatedareasormanurefromanimalsbeingfedtreatedforageforcompostingormulchingofdesirable,susceptiblebroadleaf plants.Donotmakeapplicationswhen circumstances favormovement from treatment site. **14days forlactatingdairyanimals;0daysforallotheranimaltypes.

TelarXP75DF(chlorsulfuron)

0.25‐1.0oz 0.012‐0.047lb

2

0days 4hours

Comments:TELARXPiseffectiveondewberry,blackberry,pigweeds,andradish.Donotapplymorethan0.5oz/AonTallFescue,Bluestems,orSwitchgrass.FescuesmayexhibittemporarystuntingoryellowingafterTELARapplication.DonotapplyTELARover ryegrass (annualor Italian).Donotapplymore than1.3oz/acre/yearofTELARXP.NograzingorhayingrestrictionsfollowingTELARXPapplication.

Velpar2SL(hexazinone)Velpar75DF

2.75‐4.5pt

0.9‐1.5lb

0.68‐1.13lb

5

60days 48hours

Comments:Controlssmutgrassinestablishedbermudagrassandbahiagrasspasturesandhayfields.Uselowrateoncoarsesandysoils,andhighrateonfine‐texturedsoils.VELPARwillmoderatelytoseverelyinjurebermudagrassandmayeliminatethefirstcuttingofhay.Bahiagrassandbermudagrasswillrecoverfromtemporaryburnandyellowingwithintwotofourweeksofapplication.Useonlyonbermudagrassandbahiagrassthathavebeenestablishedoneyearormore.DonotapplyVELPARnearoaktrees.

Weedmaster3.87SL(2,4‐D+dicamba)

1.0‐4.0pt 0.72‐1.44lb

0.25‐0.5lb

44

37days 48hours

Comments:Forcontrolofabroadspectrumofweeds,applyinlatespringorearlysummertoannualorperennialbroadleafweedsbefore flowering. If thistlesarepresent,applywhile theyare in the rosette stageofgrowth. Forhorsenettle,use4.0pt/Arate.WEEDMASTERmayseverelyinjureorkillcloversoralfalfa.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsite.


139





Yukon67.5WDG(halosulfuron‐methyl+dicamba)

4.0‐8.0oz 0.031‐0.077lb

+0.14‐0.28lb

24

37days 24hours

Comments:ApplyYUKONtoactivelygrowingbroadleafweeds1‐3inchestall.Forperennialnutsedge(yellowandpurple),applyYUKONatthe3to5leafgrowthstage.Usehigherrateforlargerweedsand/orhigherfieldinfestations.ApplyYUKONinaminimumof10galofwaterperacre.Addanon‐ionicsurfactant(NIS)at1‐2qtper100galofspraysolution.Cropoilconcentrateat1galper100galofspraysolutionmaybesubstitutiedforNIS.Nitrogenfertilizer(AMSorUAN)at2‐4lbperacremayimproveYUKONefficacyondifficulttocontrolweeds.DonotapplyYUKONusingnitrogenfertilizerasthetotalcarrierorseverecropinjurymayoccur. Tomaximizecontrolofperennialnutsedge(purpleandyellow),twoapplicationsmayberequiredtoareasinthetreatedfieldwherenutsedgehasemergedorregrownsincethelastapplication.Avoidapplicationswhenweedsareunderdroughtorheatstress.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsper12‐monthperiod.Donotharvestgreenordryforagewithin37daysofapplication.DairyanimalsarepermittedtograzefieldsimmediatelyfollowingapplicationsofYUKON.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

2,4‐D4LamineorlowvolatileesterWeedar643.8S

2.0‐4.0pt 1.0‐2.0lb 4 7days 48hours

Comments: Apply2,4‐D to emergedbroadleafweeds3‐4 inches tall.Apply1 lb ae/A for susceptible annual andbiennialbroadleavesand2lbae/Afordifficult‐to‐controlbroadleafbiennialsandperennials.ApplylowvolatileestersfromOctoberthroughMarch.Useonlynon‐volatileAMINEorACIDformulationsfromlateMarchthroughSeptember.Donotapplymorethan2.0qtperacreperseason.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsperyear.Minimumintervalbetweensequentialapplicationsis30days.Ifthistlesarepresent,applywhiletheyareintherosettestageofgrowth.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

SpotTreatmentsforWeedManagementinGrassForages




Arsenal2SL(imazapyr)

2.0‐48.0floz 0.03‐0.75lb 2 7days 48hours

Comments:ApplyARSENALforcontrolofundesirablebroadleavesandgrassesinpermanentgrasspasturesusingapprovedgroundapplicationmethods(seelabel).SpotapplicationstograsspasturesusingARSENALcannotexceed10%oftheareatobegrazedorcutforhay.Donotapplymorethan48flozofARSENALperacreperyear.

Spike20P(tebuthiuron)

10‐20lb(3/8‐3/4ozper100ft2)

2‐4lb

7

1year(hay) ‐‐

Comments:ApplySPIKEforcontrolofwoodyvegetationsuchastrees,shrubs,andvinesinpermanentgrasspastures.RecommendedtimeforaSPIKEapplicationisduringthedormantseasonpriortowoodyvegetationgrowthwhichminimizestheinjuryondesirableforagegrasses.SpotapplicationstograsspasturesusingSPIKEcannotexceed10%oftheareatobegrazedorcutforhay.


140

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinTemporaryGrassForages




Atrazine4L(atrazine)

1.0‐2.0qt 1.0‐2.0lb

5

45days 12hours

Comments: Labeled for forage sorghum/sudangrass hybrids. Apply ATRAZINE before weeds exceed 1.5 inches inheightandbeforeforagesorghumistallerthan12inches.AddCOCat1gallonperacretothespraymixture.Donotapplythismixturetoforagesorghumgrownonsandsorloamysandsorinjurymayoccur.

Banvel4S(dicamba)Clarity4L

1.0pt 0.5lb

4

30days 24hours

Comments:Labeled for foragesorghum.Treatbroadleaveswhensmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4inchesinheight).Donotapplymore than1.0pt/AofBANVELtoreduceriskofcrop injury.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsite.


1.0‐2.0pt 1.0‐2.0lb

6

12days 48hours

Comments:Labeledforforagesorghum.Treatbroadleaveswhensmallandactivelygrowing.Adjustrateaccordingtoweedsizeindicatedontheproductlabel.Donotapplymorethan2pt/Aperseasoninforagesorghum.Donotapplytoforagesorghumthatisheadingorblooming.TankmixpartnersincludeATRAZINE,CLARITY,orMARKSMAN.

Huskie2.06EC(pyrasulfotole+bromoxynil)

13‐16floz 0.031‐0.039lb

+0.18‐0.22lb

276

7days 24hours

Comments:HUSKIEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Labeledforforagesorghum.Applytoforagesorghumfrom3‐leafgrowthstageupto12inchesinheight.Treatbroadleaveswhensmallandactivelygrowing.Donotapplymorethan16floz/Aperapplication.Donotapplymorethan2applicationsofHUSKIEwithaseasonmaximumof32floz/A.Waitaminimumof11daysbetweenHUSKIEapplications.DonotuseairinductionorfloodjetnozzlestoapplyHUSKIE.UnacceptablecropresponsemayoccurifHUSKIEisappliedtoacreagepreviouslytreatedwithanyproductcontainingmesotrione(i.e.,LUMAX,LEXAR,CALLISTO).DonotapplyHUSKIEinatankmixturewithLORSBAN.

Sandea75DF(halosulfuron‐methyl)

0.5‐0.67oz 0.023‐0.031lb 2 37days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforprosomillet.ApplySANDEAfromthe2‐leaftolaybystage(beforegrainheademergence)ofprosomillettoactivelygrowingbroadleafweeds1‐3inchestall.Forperennialnutsedge(yellowandpurple),applySANDEAatthe3to5leafgrowthstage.TemporarycropstaturereductionmayoccurafterapplicationofSANDEAifmilletisunderstress.ApplySANDEAinaminimumof10galofwaterperacre.Addanon‐ionicsurfactant(NIS)at1‐2qtper100galofspraysolution.Avoidapplicationswhenweedsareunderdroughtorheatstress.Donotmakemorethan1applicationof0.67oz/Aina12‐monthperiod.Donotharvestgreenordryforagewithin37daysofapplication.AnimalsarepermittedtograzefieldsimmediatelyfollowingapplicationsofSANDEA.Rainfastinterval4hours.


141

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinTemporaryGrassForages(cont)




Yukon67.5WSG(halosulfuron‐methyl+dicamba)

3.0‐4.0oz 0.029‐0.031lb

+0.10‐0.14lb

24

37days 24hours

Comments: Labeled forprosomillet. ApplyYUKON from the3‐ to5‐leaf growth stageofprosomillet toactivelygrowingbroadleafweeds1‐3inchestall.Forperennialnutsedge(yellowandpurple),applyYUKONatthe3to5leafgrowthstage.TemporarycropstaturereductionmayoccurafterapplicationofYUKONifmilletisunderstress.ApplyYUKONinaminimumof10galofwaterperacre. Addanon‐ionicsurfactant(NIS)at1‐2qtper100galofspraysolution.Cropoilconcentrateat1galper100galofspraysolutionmaybesubstitutiedforNIS.Nitrogenfertilizer(AMSorUAN)at2‐4lbperacremayimproveYUKONefficacyondifficulttocontrolweeds.DonotapplyYUKONusingnitrogen fertilizeras the totalcarrierorseverecrop injurymayoccur. Avoidapplicationswhenweedsareunderdroughtorheatstress.Donotmakemorethan1applicationper12‐monthperiod.Donotharvestgreenordryforagewithin37daysofapplication.AnimalsarepermittedtograzefieldsimmediatelyfollowingapplicationsofYUKON.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

Weedmaster3.87SL(2,4‐D+dicamba)

1.0pt

0.72lb

0.25lb

44

37days 48hours

Comments:Labeledforforagesorghum.ApplyWEEDMASTERtoforagesorghuminthe3to5leafstageofgrowth(4to8inchestall).Forbestresults,applywhenweedsarelessthan3inchestall.Applicationsduringperiodofrapidgrowthmayresultintemporaryleaningofplantsorrollingofleaves.Theseeffectsareusuallyoutgrownin10to14days.DonotuseoilsorothersurfactantswithpostemergenceapplicationsofWEEDMASTER.Donotmakemorethan1postemergenceapplicationpercropcycle.TankmixpartnersincludeATRAZINE,BASAGRAN,andBUCTRIL.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.

2,4‐D4Lamineorlowvolatileester

0.5‐2.0pt 0.5‐1.0lb 4 ** 48hours

Comments:Labeledformilletandforagesorghum.Apply2,4‐Dtoemergedbroadleafweeds3‐4inchestall.Applylowvolatile esters fromOctober throughMarch. Use only non‐volatileAMINE formulations from lateMarch throughSeptember.Donotmakeapplicationswhencircumstancesfavormovementfromtreatmentsitetosensitiveareas.Foragesorghum:Apply0.5to0.75lbae/Apostemergencewhencropis6to15inchestall.Ifforagesorghumismorethan8inchestall(topofcanopy),usedropnozzlestokeepsprayofffoliage.Donotusewithoilorotheradjuvants.Donottreatduringboot,flowering,ordoughstage.Donotpermitmeatordairyanimalstoconsumetreatedcropasfodderorforagefor30daysfollowingapplication.Donotmakemorethan1applicationpercropcycle.**Preharvestintervalforforagesorghumis30daysMillet:Apply0.5to1.0lbae/Aaftercropisfullytillered,butbeforebootstageofgrowth(usually4to8inchestall).Donotapplybeforetilleringorfromearlybootthroughmilkstageofgrowth.Donotmakemorethan1applicationpercropcycle.Donotapplymorethan1.0lbae/A(2pt/A)perapplication.Forpreharvestapplications,donotapplymorethan0.5lbae/A(1pt/A).**Preharvestintervalformilletis14days.


142

IntervalAfterHerbicideApplicationBeforeGrazing,Haying,orRemovalforSlaughter

Herbicide

TimeInterval(days)1Grazing

RemovalbeforeSlaughter3 HayCutting

LactatingDairy BeefOther

Animals2Aim 0 0 0 0 0Arsenal 0 0 0 ‐‐‐ 7Banvel/Clarityupto1pt/Aupto2pt/Aupto4pt/A

72140

000

000

303030

375170

Chaparral 0 0 0 3 14CimarronMax 7 0 0 30 37CimarronPlus/Chisum 0 0 0 0 0Crossbow NextGrowingSeason 0 0 3 14Direx 70 70 70 ‐‐‐ 70Diuron 70 70 70 ‐‐‐ 70Garlon3A NextGrowingSeason 0 0 3 143GrazonNextHL 0 0 0 3 14GramoxoneSL ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 40Glyphosate ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ 0Graslan 7 0 0 3 30Huskie 7 7 7 ‐‐‐ 7Impose ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐Metsulfuron/Accurate 0 0 0 0 0Milestone4 0 0 0 3 14Outrider 0 0 0 ‐‐‐ 14Panoramic ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐Pastora 0 0 0 0 0PastureGardHL NextGrowingSeason 0 0 3 14ProwlH2O 0 0 0 0 0RedeemR&P5 NextGrowingSeason 0 0 3 146RemedyUltra NextGrowingSeason 0 0 3 14Sandea 0 0 0 0 37Spike 0 0 0 ‐‐‐ 365Stinger5 0 0 0 ‐‐‐ 0Surmount7 14 0 0 3 08Velpar 60 60 60 ‐‐‐ 60Weedmaster 7 0 0 30 37Yukon 0 0 0 0 372,4‐D(various) 7 0 0 3 71‐‐‐noinformationprovidedbythelabel.2Otheranimalsincludegoats,horses,andsheep.3Fortheremovalperiodindicatedanimalsforslaughtershouldbewithdrawnfromtreatedareasorconsumptionofhayharvestedfromtreatedareas.4Donotuseortransfertreatedplantresidues,includinghayorstrawfromtreatedareas,ormanurefromanimalsthathavegrazedforageoreatenhayharvestedfromtreatedareaswithintheprevious3days,incompostormulchthatwillbespreadtoareaswherebroadleafcropsmaybegrown.Manurefromanimalsthathavegrazedforageoreatenhayharvestedfromtreatedareaswithinthepast3daysmayonlybeusedpasturegrasses,grassgrownforseed,andwheat.5Donottransferlivestockfromtreatedgrazingareas(orfeedingoftreatedhay)tosensitivebroadleafcropareaswithoutfirstallowing7daysofgrazinginanuntreatedarea(orfeedingofuntreatedhay),manureandurinemaycontainenoughclopyralidtocauseinjurytosensitivebroadleafcrops6Donotharvesthayfromthetreatedareauntilthenextgrowingseasonforconsumptionbylactatingdairycattle.7Donottransferlivestockfromtreatedgrazingareas(orfeedingoftreatedhay)tosensitivebroadleafcropareaswithoutfirstallowing7daysofgrazinginanuntreatedarea(orfeedingofuntreatedhay),manureandurinemaycontainenoughpicloramtocauseinjurytosensitivebroadleafcrops8Donotharvesthayfromtreatedareaforconsumptionbylactatingdairyanimalswithin14daysafterapplication.


143

Plant‐backRestrictionsFollowingHerbicideApplicationinForageGrasses

HerbicideTimeInterval(months)

Clovers1 Wheat Oats TallFescue AnnualRyegrassAim 0 0 0 0 0Arsenal 12+SoilAssay10 12+Soil

Assay1012+SoilAssay10

12+SoilAssay10

12+SoilAssay10

Banvel/Clarity 12 4 4 4 4Chaparral SoilAssay9 0 12 0 4CimarronMax 4 1 10 4 4CimarronPlus/Chisum 4 1 10 4 4Crossbow SoilAssay7 3weeks 3weeks 3weeks 3weeksGarlon3A SoilAssay7 3weeks 3weeks 3weeks 3weeksGlyphosate NoneindicatedonlabelGrazonNextHL SoilAssay2 4 4 4 4Graslan SoilAssay5 24 24 SoilAssay5 SoilAssay5Huskie SoilAssay9 1 1 1 1Impose<4oz/A5‐8oz/A9‐12oz/A

263036

121212

182224

263036

263036

Metsulfuron/Accurate SoilAssay9 1 10 18 6Milestone4 SoilAssay2 Fall3 Fall3 Fall3 Fall3Outrider 12 0 12 12 12Panoramic<4oz/A5‐8oz/A9‐12oz/A

263036

121212

182224

263036

263036

Pastora 12 4 10 4 4PastureGardHL 1 4 4 3weeks 3weeksProwlH2O 12 4 12 10 10RedeemR&P SoilAssay6 0 0 SoilAssay6 SoilAssay6RemedyUltra SoilAssay7 3weeks 3weeks 3weeks 3weeksSandea 9 2 2 2 2Spike 24 24 24 24 12Stinger SoilAssay6 0 0 0 0Surmount 128 0 0 0 0Velpar NoneindicatedonlabelWeedmaster 4 4 4 4 4Yukon 9 2 2 2 22,4‐D(various) 12 4 4 4 41Cloverspeciesincludered,white,andsweet.2Donotplantforagelegumesuntilasoilassayhasbeenconductedtodetermineifaminopyralidresiduesremaininginthesoilwilladverselyaffectestablishment.3IfGRAZONNEXTHLorMILESTONEisappliedinthespringorearlysummer,grassesmaybeplantedthefollowingfallwhenconditionsarefavorableforgrassestablishment.4Wait60daysor2monthswithtemperaturesabove40Fduringthatperiod.5Donotplantanycropexceptsmallgrainsuntilasoilassayhasbeenconductedtodetermineifpicloramresiduesremaininginthesoilwilladverselyaffectrotationalcropestablishment.6Donotplantarotationalcropuntilasoilassayhasbeenconductedandshowsthatnoclopyralidresiduesremaininthesoil.7Donotplantforagelegumesuntilasoilassayhasbeenconductedtodetermineiftriclopyrresiduesremaininginthesoilwilladverselyaffectlegumeestablishment.8After12months,asoilassayshouldbeconductedbeforeseedingforagelegumestoverifynopicloramresiduesremaininthesoil.9Donotplantforagelegumesuntilasoilassayhasbeenconductedtodetermineifherbicideresiduesremaininginthesoilwilladverselyaffectlegumeestablishment.10Following12monthsafterARSENALapplicationandbeforeplantinganycrop,asuccessfulfieldbioassaymustbecompleted.Seelabelformoreinformation.


144

WeedResponse1toHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrassForages

Lifecycle2

PRE POST

Prow

lH2O

Banvel/Clarity

Chaparral

CimarronMAX

CimarronPlus

Crossbow

Glyphosate

GramoxoneSL

GrazonNextHL

Grasalan

Impose

Metsulfuron

Milestone

amaranth,spiny A FG GE E E E E E F E GE G E G

apple,tropicalsoda P P FG E P P F P P E GE P P E

bahiagrass P P P G FG G P FG P P P PF G P

barley,little A P P P P P P GE FG P P ‐‐‐ P P

bedstraw,smooth A F P G P P G G F E E G P E

blackberry/dewberry P P FG GE F GE G P PF P F P GE G

broomsedge P P P P P P P FG P P P P P P

boneset,lateflower P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G F ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

bullrush P P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P

buttercup A P P GE E E E FG G E E ‐‐‐ E GE

carrot,wild B P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ FG G FG GE G G FG

cheat A G P P P P P E G P P G P P

chickweed,common A F E E E E F G E F F ‐‐‐ E F

cocklebur,common A P E E E E E E G E E ‐‐‐ E E

crabgrass A G P P P P P E F P P E P P

croton,woolly A P E GE E G E P P E E ‐‐‐ G E

cudweed A P E G G G E P P E G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E

dallisgrass P P P P P P P GE P P P F P P

dandelion P P E GE GE GE E P P GE E ‐‐‐ GE P

dock,curly P P E E E E G P P E E ‐‐‐ E E

dodder A P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

dogbane,hemp P P F P P P FG P P P F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P

dogfennel P P FG P F F E P P G G ‐‐‐ F PF

eveningprimrose,cutleaf A P E G G G E F PF E E ‐‐‐ G E

falsedandelion,Carolina B P E GE GE GE E P P GE E ‐‐‐ GE P

foxtail,knotroot P P P P P P P FG P P P PF P P

foxtail,yellow A F P P P P P G F P P FG P P

garlic,wild P P E G GE G ‐‐‐ P E G F ‐‐‐ G P

geranium,Carolina A P ‐‐‐ G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P E E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E

goldenrod P P G P P P G P P G G ‐‐‐ P G

goosegrass A G P P P P P E F P P E P P

greenbriar(smilax) P P F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐

henbit A FG G GE E E F F G F PF ‐‐‐ E FG

honeysuckle P P E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E P P F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

horsenettle P P G E F PF PF P P E GE P PF E

horseweed A P E G F F G G P E E P F E1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80‐90%;F=faircontrol,70‐80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=Insufficientdata.2Abbreviations:A=Annual;B=Biennial;P=Perennial.


145

WeedResponse1toHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrassForages(cont)

Lifecycle2

PRE POST

Prow

lH2O

Banvel/Clarity

Chaparral

CimarronMAX

CimarronPlus

Crossbow

Glyphosate

GramoxoneSL

GrazonNextHL

Grasalan

Impose

Metsulfuron

Milestone

johnsongrass P FG P P P P P E FG P P G P P

kudzu P P G G PF PF FG P P G F P PF G

lespedeza,sericea P P P P FG GE PF P P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐

lettuce,prickly B P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ E E F ‐‐‐ E

mint,perilla A P GE GE G ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ FG GE E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P

nutsedge P P P P P P P FG PF P P GE P P

orange,trifoliate P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE

palmetto P P F P P P ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P

panicum,Texas A FG P P P P P GE G P P PF P P

passionflower,maypop P P P P P P P P P P F P P P

pear,prickly P P F P P P ‐‐‐ PF P P P P P P

pepperweed,Virginia A FG E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P

persimmon P P G ‐‐‐ P P G ‐‐‐ P P F P ‐‐‐ P

pigweeds A FG E E E E E E G E G G E E

plantains P P E E E E G ‐‐‐ P G FG G E P

pokeweed,common P P E P ‐‐‐ P G PF P G F ‐‐‐ F F

radish,wild A P E GE GE GE E FG P G ‐‐‐ E GE P

ragweed,common A P E E G G E FG G E E F G E

rescuegrass A ‐‐‐ P P P P P G F P P ‐‐‐ P P

rose,Cherokee P P ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P E FG P ‐‐‐ GE

ryegrass,annual A G P P P P P GE FG P P F P P

sandbur A G P P P P P GE FG P P FG P P

shepherdspurse A F E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E G G E E E G P

sicklepod A P E G G G E G E GE E FG G P

sida,arrowleaf A P G ‐‐‐ G G PF P P E E F F P

sida,prickly A P G ‐‐‐ G G PF P P E E F F P

smartweed A P G GE E E GE G E E E ‐‐‐ E E

smutgrass P P P P P P P G P P P P P P

sneezeweed,bitter P P E E E E E GE ‐‐‐ E E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE

sorrel,red P P G E G GE E FG PF E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐

spurge,nodding A P P P E E P FG F P P P E P

thistles B P G E G F E G G E E ‐‐‐ F E

torpedograss P P P P P P P G P P P F P P

trumpetcreeper P P F P P P P P P P F P P P

vaseygrass P P P P P P P FG P P P FG F P

vervain,blue P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80‐90%;F=faircontrol,70‐80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=Insufficientdata.2Abbreviations:A=annual;B=Biennial;P=Perennial.


146

WeedResponse1toHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrassForages(cont)

Lifecycle2

POST

Outrider

Pastora

PastureGardHL

RedeemR&P

Rem

edyUltra

Sandea

Stinger

Surmount

TelarXP

Velpar

Weedm

aster

Yukon

2,4‐D

amaranth,spiny A P GE PF P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ FG E GE FG

apple,tropicalsoda P P P G P G P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ F F FG P

bahiagrass P P P P P P P P P ‐‐‐ P P P P

barley,little A P ‐‐‐ P P P P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P P P

bedstraw,smooth A ‐‐‐ P G ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P G F ‐‐‐ P P P

blackberry/dewberry P P G G GE GE P P G GE F PF FG P

broomsedge P P ‐‐‐ P P P P P P ‐‐‐ P P P P

boneset,lateflower P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G G

bullrush P P ‐‐‐ P P G P P GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G GE

buttercup A P E F E E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G E P E

carrot,wild B P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

cheat A P G P P P P P P P P P P P

chickweed,common A P E F G E P ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ E E E F

cocklebur,common A P E GE GE G G G E ‐‐‐ GE E E G

crabgrass A P GE P P P P P P P P P P P

croton,woolly A P E F F G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ P E E GE

cudweed A P GE G E E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G E F

dallisgrass P P FG P P P P P P P P P P P

dandelion P P G GE G E P G E ‐‐‐ E E E E

dock,curly P P GE F E E P F G ‐‐‐ P E E F

dodder A P ‐‐‐ P P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ PF P P

dogbane,hemp P P ‐‐‐ FG P F P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F F PF

dogfennel P P P E GE GE P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ G G FG FG

eveningprimrose,cutleaf A P F G ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E E E E E

falsedandelion,Carolina B P G GE G E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ E E E E

foxtail,knotroot P P ‐‐‐ P P P P P P P P P P P

foxtail,yellow A P FG P P P P P P ‐‐‐ P P P P

garlic,wild P P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G E GE

geranium,Carolina A P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ E

goldenrod P P G G G G P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE G F

goosegrass A P GE P P P P P P P P P P P

greenbriar(smilax) P P ‐‐‐ G P P P ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ F F F P

henbit A P E GE G F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G GE GE P G G

honeysuckle P P ‐‐‐ P P PF P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E E

horsenettle P P P F F FG P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F G P

horseweed A P ‐‐‐ G G G P G E ‐‐‐ F E E F1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80‐90%;F=faircontrol,70‐80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=Insufficientdata.2Abbreviations:A=Annual;B=Biennial;P=Perennial.


147

WeedResponse1toHerbicdesforWeedManagementinGrassForages(cont)

Lifecycle2

POST

Outrider

Pastora

PastureGardHL

RedeemR&P

Rem

edy

Sandea

Stinger

Surmount

TelarXP

Velpar

Weedm

aster

Yukon

2,4‐D

Johnsongrass P E GE P P P P P P P P P P P

Kudzu P P FG F F F P ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F G PF

lespedeza,sericea P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ GE P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P

lettuce,prickly B P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

mint,perilla A ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG GE PF

Nutsedge P E P P P P GE ‐‐‐ P P P P GE P

orange,trifoliate P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

Palmetto P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P F P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P PF F P

panicum,Texas A P GE P P P P P P P P P P P

passionflower,maypop P P P G F F P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ PF P P

pear,prickly P P ‐‐‐ F P G P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ P PF F P

pepperweed,Virginia A P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ E E E G

Persimmon P P ‐‐‐ F P F P ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ F F G P

Pigweeds A P E F GE E G P GE E G E E GE

Plantains P P F F P F P ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ FG E E E

pokeweed,common P P ‐‐‐ P P P F ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E G

radish,wild A P GE GE F E G ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ E E E G

ragweed,common A N E E E E G G E ‐‐‐ F E E E

rescuegrass A P ‐‐‐ P P P P P P P P P P P

rose,Cherokee P N ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

ryegrass,annual A P GE P P P P P P F G P P P

sandbur A P GE P P P P P P P P P P P

shepherdspurse A P ‐‐‐ G G E F ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ E E E E

sicklepod A P E GE G E P G E G ‐‐‐ E E G

sida,arrowleaf A P ‐‐‐ F P P F ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E G G

sida,prickly A P ‐‐‐ F P P F ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E G G

smartweed A P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG G G F

smutgrass P P P P P P P ‐‐‐ P P GE P P P

sneezeweed,bitter P P GE E E E P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E E

sorrel,red P P ‐‐‐ F FG E P G E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G P

spurge,nodding A P E P P P ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P

thistles B P G GE E E P E GE ‐‐‐ E E G E

torpedograss P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P P P P P P P P P

trumpetcreeper P P P F P F P P P ‐‐‐ P P F P

vaseygrass P P FG P P P P P P P P P P P

vervain,blue P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ E1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80‐90%;F=faircontrol,70‐80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=Insufficientdata.2Abbreviations:A=annual;B=Biennial;P=Perennial.


148

PASTUREANDHAYINSECTMANAGEMENTJayCrouch,AreaAgronomyAgentandBrianBeer,AreaLivestockAgent

Insectpestsofpastures,hayfieldsandsomeforagecropsareoftendifficulttonotice,andmaytakegrowersbysurprise.Scoutthesecropsonaregularbasis.Forallpestslisted,younger,smallerinsectsaretheeasiesttocontrol!Noteindividualproductrestrictionsandconsidercontrolcostscarefully.Insectresistancemanagement:RepeateduseofcertaininsecticidescanleadtoresistanceininsectpopulationsGrowersarestronglyencouragedtorotateproductswithdifferingmodesofactionwithinacropyear.ConsultyourproductlabelsandyourlocalExtensionAgentforresistancemanagementstrategies.UsetheIRACnumbers–differentnumbersindicatedifferingmodesofaction!Non‐Grass Animal Feed (forage, fodder, straw and hay) Group, including alfalfa, variouscloversandvetches,otherforagelegumesseetheproductlabelsARMYWORMS [True Armyworms (Pseudaletia unipuncta), Fall Armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda),YellowstrippedArmyworm(S.ornithogalli),SouthernArmyworm(S.eridania),andothers]GeneralComments:Forbestresultsapplymaterialsusedwhenlarvaearelessthan½inchlong.Usehighsprayvolume;increasesprayvolume (additionofwateronly) for largewormsand inhot,dryweather. Ifpossible, cuthaybeforetreatment.Applyaslateinthedayaspossible.Thesespeciesshowsomeresistancetomanypesticides.Checkforefficacyafterapplication!

Pesticide Product/acre REI PHI CommentsBeta‐cyfluthrinRBaythroidXL

1.6–2.8floz/ac

12hr

7dgrazingandhayharvest

IRACGroup3insecticideMaximum5.6floz/cutting.Maximumapplicationof22.4oz/acreforgrowingseason.Minimumfive(5)daysbetweenapplications.

CarbarylSevin(variousformulations,forexample50WP,80S)

Seeproductlabel

12hr

7dbeforeharvestorgrazingforalfalfa,clovers,birdsfoottrefoil14dforpasture

IRACGroup1AinsecticideNOTE:Carbarylhasnotgivenacceptablecontrolinsomepartsofthestate.Resultsonfallarmywormshouldbecarefullynotedbecauseofthepotentialforresistanceinthisspecies.Seeyourcountyagentforlocalcontrolhistory.Besttoapply24–48hrsbeforeexpectedrainbecauseofpotentialproductwash‐off.Seewash‐offresistanceinformationonlabel(ifpresent.)NumerousformulationsofCarbarylareavailable.Consultlabelforuserates.


149

ARMYWORMS [True Armyworms (Pseudaletia unipuncta), Fall Armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda),YellowstrippedArmyworm(S.ornithogalli),SouthernArmyworm(S.eridania),andothers](cont)Pesticide Product/acre REI PHI CommentsChlorantraniliprolePrevathon

14‐20oz/ac

4hr 0d IRACGroup28InsecticideDonotmakemorethan4applicationsperyear.Onlyoneapplicationpercutting.Donotapplymorethan60oz/AofPrevathonperyear.

Chlorantroniliprole(Rynaxypyr)Coragen

3.5–5.0oz/ac

4hr 0d IRACGroup28InsecticideProtectsurfacewaterswithbufferzone;recommendapply48hrsbeforeexpectedrainfall.Applyategg‐hatchorwhennewlyhatchedlarvaearepresentbeforedamagingpopulationsdevelop.Maximumapplicationof15.4oz/acrepercrop.One(1)applicationpercutting.Maximumfour(4)applicationsperacreperseason.

Lambda‐cyhalothrinRKarate,Silencer,others

2.56–3.84oz/ac

24hrs

1dgrazing7dhayharvest

IRACGroup3insecticideDonotapplymorethan0.96ptsperacreperseason.Thirty(30)dayminimumretreatmentintervalifcropnotharvestedbetweentreatments.

KarateZ 1.28–1.92oz/ac 24hrs 1dgrazing7dhayharvest

Donotapplymorethan0.48ptsperacreperseason.Thirty(30)dayminimumretreatmentintervalifcropnotharvestedbetweentreatments.

Lambda‐cyhalothrinR+ChlorantraniliproleBesiege

6.0‐9.0oz/ac 24hrs 1dgrazing7dharvest

IRACGroup3and28insecticideDonotexceed31.0oz/acre/year.Donotapplymorethan10oz/cutting.Applyaminimumof10GPAbyground.

MethomylRLannateLVLannateSPWatersolublepowderinwatersolublebags

Alfalfa:1.5–3.0pts/acAlfalfa:0.5–1lb/ac

48hrs Alfalfa:Lastappl.7dbeforecuttingorgrazing

IRACGroup1AinsecticideReadlabelcarefully!LannateLV:Alfalfa‐Seelabel!Donotapplymorethan12ptsperacrepercrop,ormakemorethan10applicationsLannateSP:Alfalfa‐Seelabel!Donotapplymorethan4lbsperacpercropormorethan10applicationspercrop

Zeta‐cypermethrinRMustangMaxMustangMaxECRespect

2.8–4.0oz/ac

12hr 3dgrazing3dhayharvest

IRACGroup3insecticideRUP:toxicitytofish&aquaticorganisms.Seelabelforbufferzones,otherinfo.Minimum7daysbetweenapplicationsMaximumseasontotal/acfornon‐grassanimalfeeds(alfalfa,forage,fodder…)is:12.0oz/ac/season.Notelabelsprayvolumerecommendations.Seelabelformaximumusewhenapplyingbothzeta‐cypermethrinandcypermethrinproductstothesamecropwithinthesameseason.


150

GRASSHOPPERS

GeneralComments:Nymphseasiertokillthanadults.Mayneedtoapplytograssandfieldedges.Pesticide Product/acre REI PHI CommentsBeta‐cyfluthrinRBaythroidXL

2.0–2.8oz/ac

12hr 7dPre‐harvest/pre‐graze

IRACGroup3insecticideMaximum5.6floz/cutting.Maximumapplicationof22.4oz/acreforgrowingseason.Minimumfive(5)daysbetweenapplications.

CarbarylVariousFormulations

SeeProductLabel

12hr 7dbeforeharvestorgrazingforalfalfa,clovers,birdsfoottrefoil14dforpasture

IRACGroup1AinsecticideSevin4F‐*Notelabeleduse:“Pasturesandgrassgrownforseed.”VariousformulationsofCarbarylareavailable.Consultlabelforproperuserequirements.

Lambda‐cyhalothrinRKarate,Silencerandothers

2.56–3.84oz/ac

24hrs



KarateZ 1.28‐1.92oz/ac 24hrs 1dgrazing7dhayharvest


DimethoateDimethoate2.67Dimethoate4EC

0.75–1.5pts/ac0.5–1.0pt/ac

48hr 10dforpastureorhay

IRACGroup1BinsecticideDonotapplywhencroporweedsarebloomingorbeesareforagingOnlyoneapplicationperyearOnlyone(1)applicationpercutting.Donotapplywithin10daysofgrazingorcutting

Zeta‐cypermethrinRMustangMaxMustangMaxECRespect

2.8–4.0oz/ac

12hr


IRACGroup3insecticideRUP:toxicitytofish&aquaticorganisms.Seelabelforbufferzones,otherinfo.Minimum7daysbetweenapplicationsMaximumseasontotal/acfornon‐grassanimalfeeds(alfalfa,forage,fodder…)is:12.0oz/ac/season.Notelabelsprayvolumerecommendations.Seelabelformaximumusewhenapplyingbothzeta‐cypermethrinandcypermethrinproductstothesamecropwithinthesameseason.

For true armyworm and fall armyworm make applications late in the day. This reduces breakdown of your chemical by daylong exposure to sunlight and puts the most chemical on

plants closest to when these species feed.


151

GrassForage,FodderandHayGroupandGrassGrownforSeedandPastureandRangeland(seethelabels)

ARMYWORMS [True Armyworms (Pseudaletia unipuncta), Fall Armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda),YellowstrippedArmyworm(S.ornithogalli),SouthernArmyworm(S.eridania),andothers

GeneralComments:Forbestresultsapplymaterialsusedwhenlarvaearelessthan½inchlong(firstandsecondinstarlarvae).Usehighsprayvolume;increasesprayvolume(additionofwateronly)forlargewormsandinhot,dryweather.Ifpossible,cuthaybeforetreatment.Ifpossible,applylate intheday.Thesespeciesshowsomeresistancetomanypesticides.Checkforefficacyafterapplication!

Insect resistancemanagement: Repeated use of certain insecticides can lead to resistance in insect populations.Applicatorsare encouraged to rotate productswith differingmodes of actionwithin a crop year. Consult your localExtensionAgentforresistancemanagementstrategies.

Pesticide Product/acre REI PHI CommentsBeta‐cyfluthrinRBaythroidXL

Firsttwoinstarstruearmyworm:1.6–1.9floz/acFirsttwoinstarsofallotherarmyworms:2.6–2.8floz/ac

12hr

0dgrazingandhayharvest

IRACGroup3insecticideMaximumapplicationof11.3oz/acreforgrowingseasonforgrazingorhayharvest.Minimumfive(5)daysbetweenapplications.

CarbarylSevin(variousformulations)

Seeproductlabel

12hr

7dbeforeharvestorgrazingforalfalfa,clovers,birdsfoottrefoil14dforpasture

IRACGroup1AinsecticideNOTE:Carbarylhasnotgivenacceptablecontrolinsomepartsofthestate.Resultsonfallarmywormshouldbecarefullynotedbecauseofthepotentialforresistanceinthisspecies.Seeyourcountyagentforlocalcontrolhistory.Besttoapply24–48hrsbeforeexpectedrainbecauseofpotentialproductwash‐off.Seewash‐offresistanceinformationonlabel(ifpresent.).NumerousformulationsofCarbarylareavailable.Consultlabelforuserates.

ChlorantraniliprolePrevathon

14‐20oz/ac

4hr 0d IRACGroup28InsecticideDonotmakemorethan4applicationsperyear.Onlyoneapplicationpercutting.Donotapplymorethan60oz/AofPrevathonperyear.

Chlorantroniliprole(Rynaxypyr)Coragen

3.5–5.0oz/ac

4hr

0d

IRACGroup28InsecticideProtectsurfacewaterswithbufferzone‐recommend100ft.;recommendnotapplylessthan48hrsbeforeexpectedrainfall.Applyategg‐hatchorwhennewlyhatchedlarvaearepresentbeforedamagingpopulationsdevelop.Maximumapplicationof15.4oz/acrepercrop.Minimumseven(7)daysbetweentreatments.Maximumfour(4)applicationsperacreperseason.


152

ARMYWORMS [True Armyworms (Pseudaletia unipuncta), Fall Armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda),YellowstrippedArmyworm(S.ornithogalli),SouthernArmyworm(S.eridania),andothers(cont)Pesticide Product/acre REI PHI CommentsDiflubenzuronRDimilin2L

2.0oz/ac

12hrs

1dhayharvest.1dgrazing.

IRACGroup15insecticideDonotexceed6ozperacreperyear.Formaximumcontrolapplyto<½inchlarvae.Usehighsprayvolume–seelabel

Lambda‐cyhalothrinRKarate,SilencerandOthers

2.56–3.84oz/ac

24hrs

0dgrazing,7dhayharvest


KarateZ 1.28‐1.92oz/ac 24hrs 0dgrazing,7dhayharvest


MethomylRLannateLV

LannateSPWatersolublepowderinwatersolublebags

Bermudapasture:0.75–3.0pts/ac

Bermudapasture:0.25–1lb/ac

48hrs

Bermudapasture:Lastappl.7dbeforefeedingforage,grazing;3dcuttingdryhay

IRACGroup1Ainsecticide

LannateLV:Bermudapasture:Donotapplymorethan3pts/acpercropperyearor4applicationspercrop.

LannateSP:Bermudapasture:Donotapplymorethan1lbpercropormakemorethan4applicationsperyear.

MethoxyfenozideIntrepid

4.0‐8.0oz/ac

4hrs

0dgrazing,7dhayharvest.

IRACGroup18insecticideNomorethanone(1)applicationpercutting.Donotapplymorethan32ozperyear.

SpinosadTracerNaturalyte

1‐2oz/ac

4hrs Allowspraytodrybeforegrazing.3dhayharvest.

IRACGroup5insecticide

Donotapplymorethan6ozperacreperseason.

Zeta‐cypermethrinRMustangMaxMustangMaxEC

2.8–4.0oz/ac

12hr

Grassforage&hay0d

Grassstraw&screenings7d

IRACGroup3insecticideRUP:toxicitytofish&aquaticorganisms.Seelabelforbufferzones,otherinfo.

Applyinsufficientwatertoensurethoroughcoverageoffoliage;increasewaterinhotdry,weather.

Minimum7daysbetweenapplicationsforforage&hay,17daysforstraw,screenings,other.Donotspraylivestock.Allowapplicationtodrybeforelettinglivestockgrazeontreatedarea.

Maximumseasonaltotal/acforgrassforage,fodder,andhaygroupandgrassgrownforseedis:Hay:17.2oz/ac/season;Forage,straw&seedscreenings:21.5oz/ac/season.


153

GRASSHOPPERSandCHINCHBUGSGeneralComments:Nymphseasiertokillthanadults.Mayneedtoapplytograssandfieldedges.Pesticide Product/acre REI PHI CommentsBeta‐cyfluthrinRBaythroidXL

2.6–2.8oz/acre

12hr 0dgrazingandhayharvest

IRACGroup3insecticideMaximumapplicationof11.3oz/acreforgrowingseason.Minimumfive(5)daysbetweenapplications.

CarbarylVariousformulations

SeeProductLabel

12hr 14d IRACGroup1AinsecticideBesttoapply24–48hrsbeforeexpectedrainbecauseofpotentialproductwash‐off.Seewash‐offresistanceinformationonlabel(ifpresent.)VariousformulationsofCarbarylareavailable.Consultlabelforproperuserequirements.

DiflubenzuronRDimilin2LDimilin25W

1.0–2.0oz/acreonearlyinstars1.0–2.0oz/ac

12hrs 1dhayharvest.1dgrazing.

IRACGroup15insecticideGrasshoppersonly.Donotexceed6ozperacreperyear.Useoneapplicationonearlyinstar(2nd–4thinstar)nymphalstages.Usehighrateforpastureland.Usehighsprayvolume–seelabel.Firstapplicationatearlyinstarnymphs.Usehighrateforpastures.Seelabelforsprayvolumeandadditionofoilforhot/dryweather

Lambda‐cyhalothrinRKarate,SilencerandothersKarateZ

2.56–3.84oz/acre1.28‐1.92ozperacre

24hrs

0dgrazing,7dhayharvest

IRACGroup3insecticideDonotapplymorethan0.72ptsperacreperseason.Thirty(30)dayminimumretreatmentintervalifcropnotharvestedbetweentreatments.Donotapplymorethan0.36ptsperacreperseason.Thirty(30)dayminimumretreatmentintervalifcropnotharvestedbetweentreatments.

Lambda‐cyhalothrinR+ChlorantraniliproleBesiege

5.0‐9.0oz/acre 24hrs 0dgrazing7dayharvest

IRACGroup3and28insecticideDonotexceed27.0oz/acre/year.Donotapplymorethan9oz/cutting.Applyaminimumof10GPAbyground.Waitaminimumof7daysbetweenapplications.

Zeta‐cypermethrinRMustangMaxMustangMaxEC

2.8–4.0oz/ac

12hr Grassforage&hay0dGrassstraw&screenings7d

IRACGroup3insecticideRUP:toxicitytofish&aquaticorganisms.Seelabelforbufferzones,otherinfo.Applyinsufficientwatertoensurethoroughcoverageoffoliage;increasewaterinhotdry,weather.Minimum7daysbetweenapplicationsforforage&hay,17daysforstraw,screenings,other.Donotspraylivestock.Allowapplicationtodrybeforelettinglivestockgrazeontreatedarea.Maximumseasonaltotal/acforgrassforage,fodder,andhaygroupandgrassgrownforseedis:Hay:17.2oz/ac/season;Forage,straw&seedscreenings:21.5oz/ac/season.

R=Restricteduse;REI=re‐entryinterval;PHI=pre‐harvestinterval


154

WEEDCONTROLINGRAINSORGHUMMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrainSorghum




Clarity/Banvel4S(dicamba)

8.0 0.25lb 4 ‐‐‐ 24hours

Comments:ApplyCLARITY/BANVELatleast15dayspriortoplantinggrainsorghum.


4.5lbae/gal

22‐32oz

0.75‐1.13lbae

9 7days 4hours

Comments: Apply in 10‐20 gal ofwater 2 to 4weeks prior to your anticipated planting date to control existinggroundcover.Consultproductlabeltodetermineifanon‐ionicsurfactantisneeded.

GramoxoneSL2E(paraquat)paraquat3S

2.0‐4.0pt

1.5‐2.0pt

0.5‐1.0lb

22 ‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: GRAMOXONE is aRESTRICTEDUSE PESTICIDE. Better control of chickweed, henbit, deadnettle andcutleafeveningprimrosethanGLYPHOSATEalone.AddNISat1qt/100galofspraymix.


155

WeedandCoverCropResponsetoBurndown/PreplantHerbicidesinGrainSorghum1

Glyphosate2

Glyphosate+2,4‐D

2

Glyphosate+Atrazine2

Glyphosate+Clarity

2

Gramoxone2

Gramoxone+2,4‐D

2

Gramoxone+Clarity

2

barley,little E E E E G G G

bluegrass,annual F F E F G G G

buttercups E E E E E E E

chickweed,common F G E GE E E GE

clovers PF F F FG G G GE

cudweed E E E E FG FG FG

dandelion P E GE E N E GE

dock,curly PF G G GE F FG GE

eveningprimrose,cutleaf PF E E GE F E GE

geranium,Carolina FG E E E GE E GE

henbit/deadnettle F G E GE G GE E

horseweed(marestail) E GE E E F GE E

mustard,wild FG E GE G FG E G

pansy,field F F GE F G G G

peanut,volunteer F F F G P F GE

pepperweed,Virginia G E GE GE G GE G

radish,wild FG GE GE GE G GE GE

ryegrass,Italian G F GE F FG FG FG

sorrel,red E E E E E E E

spurry,corn GE GE GE GE FG G G

swinecress FG G G G PF FG FG

vetch F E E E G GE GE

wheat/ryecovercrop E E E E FG F F1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Herbicideratesforburndownare:Atrazineat1.0lb/A;ETat1.0oz/A;Glyphosateat0.75lbae/A(22oz/Aof4.5lbae/galor32oz/Aof3.0lbai/gal);2,4‐Dat1‐2pt/A;Clarityat8oz/A;andGramoxoneat3.0pt/A.


156

ImportantGroundandSurfaceWaterConsiderationsRegardingtheUseofAtrazineandSimazineContainingHerbicideProducts.

ATRAZINEandSIMAZINEusersarestronglyencouragedtofollowlabelguidelines,discussedbelow,toshareintheresponsibilityofpreservingthefutureuseofATRAZINEandSIMAZINE.TheserestrictionsapplytoallformulationsofATRAZINEandSIMAZINE,andallpre‐mixpackageproductsthatcontainATRAZINEandSIMAZINE.ApplicationRateRestrictions:Forsoilsthatarenotdefinedashighlyerodible,themaximumuserateforATRAZINEis2.0lbai(activeingredient)peracreandforSIMAZINEis2.0lbaiperacreperseason.Forsoilsclassifiedashighlyerodible(asdefinedbyNRCS), Ifconservationtillage ispracticedwithat least30percentcropresiduecoverageatplanting,themaximumuserateis2.0lbaiperacreforATRAZINEandSIMAZINE.Ifcropresiduecoverageislessthan30percent,thenthemaximumrateforATRAZINEandSIMAZINEis1.6lbaiperacre.IfATRAZINEwasnotappliedpriortograinsorghumemergence,thenthetotalamountappliedshouldnotexceed2.0lbaiperacre.IfATRAZINEwasappliedtoafieldpreemergence,thenthetotalamountofATRAZINEshouldnotexceed2.5lbaiperacrepercalendaryear.ThetotalamountofSIMAZINEshouldnotexceed2.0lbaiperacrepercalendaryear.Setbacks:Operationsthatinvolvemixing,loading,rinsing,orwashingATRAZINEorSIMAZINEwithin50feetofwells(including abandoned wells, drainage wells, or sink holes), rivers, intermittent streams, lakes, or reservoirs isprohibited. This restriction does not apply to operations within a properly designed impervious pads and dikedmixing/loadingareas.ATRAZINEorSIMAZINEmustnotbeappliedaeriallyorbygroundequipmentwithin66feetofpointswherefieldsurfacewaterentersperennialorintermittentstreamsandriversorwithin200feetaroundnaturalorimpoundedlakesandreservoirs.IfATRAZINEorSIMAZINEisappliedtohighlyerodibleland,the66footbufferorsetbackfromrunoffentrypointsmustbeplantedtocrop,seededwithgrass,orothersuitablecrop.IfATRAZINEorSIMAZINEisappliedtotile‐terracedfieldscontainingstandpipes,thenusersareadvisedtofollowonethe following restrictions: 1) donot applyATRAZINEor SIMAZINEwithin66 feet of standpipes; 2)After applyingATRAZINEorSIMAZINEtotheentirefield,immediatelyincorporateittoadepthof2‐3inches;or3)ApplyATRAZINEorSIMAZINEtotheentirefieldunderconservationtillagepracticeswherehighcropresiduelevelsarepresent.ExamplesofHerbicideProductsthatContainAtrazineorSimazineTradeName ActiveIngredient(s) TradeName ActiveIngredient(s)Aatrex atrazine HarnessXtra acetochlor+atrazineBicepIIMagnum atrazine+s‐metolachlor Guardsman

MAXdimethenamid‐p+atrazine

BicepLiteIIMagnum

atrazine+s‐metolachlor Keystone acetochlor+atrazine

Bullet alachlor+atrazine Lariat alachlor+atrazineCinchATZ s‐metolachlor+atrazine Lumax s‐metolachlor+atrazine+

mestrioneDegreeXtra acetochlor+atrazine Marksman dicamba+atrazineExpert glyphosate+s‐metolachlor+

atrazinePrincep simazine

Fultime acetochlor+atrazine SteadfastATZ nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron+atrazine


157

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrainSorghum




Aatrex4WDL(atrazine)AatrexNine‐O90WDG

1.6‐2.0qt

1.8‐2.2lb

1.6‐2.0lb 5 60days 12hours

Comments:ATRAZINEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Usetocontrolmostbroadleafweedsandafewgrasses.Tankmixwithagrassherbicideforbroaderspectrumcontrol.

Alachlor(Micro‐Tech4MEorIntrro)

2.0‐2.75qt 2.0‐2.75lb 15 None 12hours

Comments:MICRO‐TECHisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Controlsmostannualgrasses(exceptTexasPanicum)andsomebroadleafweeds.ALACHLORmaybe tankmixedwithATRAZINE.Useonlyon sorghumseed treatedwith asafener.

Dimethenamid‐p(Outlook6EC)

10‐16oz 0.47‐0.75lb 15 40days 12hours

Comments:Controlsmostannualgrasses(exceptTexasPanicum)andsomebroadleafweeds.DIMETHENAMID‐Pmaybetank‐mixedwithATRAZINE(GUARDSMANMAX).Useonlyonsorghumseedtreatedwithasafener.

MetolachlorDual8E/IIDual25G/IIGMag.

1.5‐2.0pt6.0‐8.0lb

1.5‐2.0lb

15 90days 24hours

S‐metolachlorDualMag.7.62ECDualIIMag.7.64ECCinch7.64EC

1.0‐1.67pt

0.95‐1.59lb

Comments: Controls most annual grasses and some broadleaf weeds. Fair to good control of yellow nutsedge.METOLACHLORandS‐METOLACHLORmaybetankmixedwithATRAZINE.GenericformulationsofMETOLACHLORarealsoavailable.DUALIIandDUALIIMAGNUMcontainasafenerthathelpsminimizethepossibilityofinjuryfromS‐METOLACHLORapplications.Useonlyonsorghumseedtreatedwithasafener.

BicepIIMagnum5.5SC(s‐metolachlor+atrazine)

1.3‐2.1qt

0.78‐1.27lb

+1.0‐1.63lb

155

60days 24hours

Comments:BICEPIIMAGNUMisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applicationrateisbasedonsoiltype:Sandysoils=1.3‐1.6qt/A,Mediumtexturedsoils=1.6‐2.1qt/A.Useonlyonsorghumseedtreatedwithasafener.


158

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrainSorghum(cont)




Bullet4MELariat4EC(alachlor+atrazine

2.5‐3.75qt

1.56‐2.34lb+

0.94‐1.41lb

155

70days 12hours

Comments:BULLETandLARIATareRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDES.Applicationrateisbasedonsoiltypeandorganicmatter:Sandysoils=2.5‐3.0qt/A,mediumtexturedsoils=3.0‐3.75qt/A.Useonlyonsorghumseedtreatedwithasafener.

CinchATZ5.5SC(s‐metolachlor+atrazine)

2.6‐3.2pt

0.78‐0.96lb+

1.0‐1.24lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:CINCHATZisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applicationrateisbasedonsoiltype:Sandysoils=2.6pt/A,mediumtexturedsoils=3.2pt/A.Useonlyonsorghumseedtreatedwithasafener.


2.0‐3.7qt 1.35‐2.50lb

0.67‐1.24lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:FULTIMENXTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applicationrateisbasedonorganicmattercontentofthesoil:Forsoilswithlessthan1.5%organicmatter,applicationraterangeis2.0‐2.9qt/A.Forsoilswith1.5%organicmatterormore,theapplicationraterangeis2.3‐3.7qt/A.Useonlyonsorghumseedtreatedwithasafener.DonotapplyFULTIMEtothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3lbaiACETOCHLORperacreperyear.

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrainSorghum






Comments: Apply AIM up through the 6 leaf growth stage to control small pigweed and annual morningglory.Excellentonlargevelvetleaf.Temporaryleafburnmayoccur.AddNISat1qt/100galofspraymix.MaybetankmixedwithATRAZINE,BANVEL,orCLARITY.DonottankmixwithAIMwithaCOCascropinjurymayoccur.Donotapplymorethanatotalof1.0oz/Aperseason.Rainfastinterval=6hours.


159

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrainSorghum(cont)




Aatrex4WDL(atrazine)

2.0qt 2.0lb 5 None 12hours

Comments:ApplyATRAZINEbeforeweedsexceed3inchesinheightandbeforegrainsorghumexceed12inchesinheight.AddCOCat1qt/Aoremulsifibleoilat1gal/A.IfATRAZINEwasnotappliedpriortograinsorghumemergence,apply a maximum of 2.0 lbs ai/A. If a postemergence treatment is required following an earlier preemergenceapplication, total ATRAZINE applied cannot exceed 2.5 lbs ai/acre per calendar year. Rainfast interval = notindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).


2.0‐3.7qt 1.35‐2.50lb

0.67‐1.24lb

155

60days 12hours

Comments:FULTIMENXTisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyFULTIMENXTbeforegrainsorghumexceeds11inchesinheight(generally5‐6lfstage).Applicationrateisbasedonorganicmattercontentofthesoil:Forsoilswithlessthan1.5%organicmatter,applicationraterangeis2.0‐2.9qt/A.Forsoilswith1.5%organicmatterormore,theapplicationraterangeis2.3‐3.7qt/A.Useonlyonsorghumtreatedwithaseedprotectant.DonotapplyFULTIMENXTtothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan3lbaiACETOCHLORperacreperyear.

Banvel4S(dicamba)Clarity4S

0.5‐1.0pt 0.25‐0.5lb 4 24hours 24hours

Comments:ApplyBANVELfromemergenceto8inchestall.Usedropnozzlestoapplytorowmiddlesandpreventsprayingintothecropwhorlwhensorghumis8to15inchestall. Usecautiontopreventdriftandinjurytonearbysensitivecrops.Rainfastinterval=notindicatedonlabel(suggest1hour).


1.5‐2.0pt 0.75‐1.0lb 6 12days 48hours

Comments:ApplyBASAGRANtocontrolmostbroadleafweedslessthan4inchestall.Donotapplymorethan2pt/AofBASAGRANperseason.Donotapplyafterheadingorbloomingstageinsorghum.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Buctril2EC(bromoxynil)Buctril4EC

1.5pt

0.75pt

0.375lb 6 45days 24hours

Comments:ApplyBUCTRILfromthe3‐leafgrowthstageuptotheprebootgrowthstagetocontrolsmallbroadleafweeds.LessdriftpotentialthanBANVELor2,4‐D.Use10ormoregallonsofwaterperacre.Rainfastinterval=notindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).


160

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrainSorghum(cont)





13‐16floz 0.031‐0.039lb

+0.18‐0.22lb

276

7days 24hours

Comments:HUSKIE isaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyHUSKIE from3‐leafgrowthstageupto12 inches inheight.Treatbroadleaveswhensmallandactivelygrowing.Donotapplymorethan16floz/Aperapplication.Donotapplymorethan2applicationsofHUSKIEwithaseasonmaximumof32floz/A.Waitaminimumof11daysbetweenHUSKIEapplications.DonotuseairinductionorfloodjetnozzlestoapplyHUSKIE.UnacceptablecropresponsemayoccurifHUSKIEisappliedtoacreagepreviouslytreatedwithanyproductcontainingmesotrione(i.e.,LUMAX,LEXAR,CALLISTO).DonotapplyHUSKIEinatankmixturewithLORSBAN.Addammoniumsulfateat1lb/Aifappliedunderchallengingenvironmentalconditions.

Marksman3.2S(dicamba+atrazine)

2.0pt 0.28lb+

0.53lb

45

60days 24hours

Comments:MARKSMANisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyMARKSMANovertopgrainsorghumfromthe2‐to5‐leafstageofgrowth.Forbestresult,applyatthe2‐to3‐leafstageofgrowth.Allapplicationsmustbemadebeforegrainsorghumreaches12”inheight.Applicationsduringperiodsofrapidgrowthmayresultintemporaryleaningoftheplantsorrollingofleaves.Theseeffectsareusuallyoutgrownwithin10to14days.Oncoarsetexturedsoils,heavyrain immediately after applicationmay cause sorghum injury. Do not use COC or NIS as crop injurymay result.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Peak57WDG(prosulfuron)

0.75‐1.0oz 0.027‐0.036lb 2 30days 12hours

Comments:ApplyPEAKtograinsorghumfrom5‐to30‐inchesinheightandpriortoheademergence.Forbestresults,timeapplicationtooptimumweedsizeratherthancropheight.Usedropnozzlesissorghumisover20‐inches.AddNIS at 1 qt per 100 gal or COC at 1 qtper acre.Donotmake a foliar or soil applicationof any organophosphateinsecticidewithin15daysbeforeor10daysafteranapplicationofPEAK.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Zest75WDG(nicosulfuron)

0.67‐1.33oz 0.031‐0.062lb

2

** 4hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON GRAIN SORGHUM VARIETIES CONTAINING THE DUPONT INZEN HERBICIDETOLERANTTRAIT!ApplyZESTbroadcastfromemergenceupto20inchestall.Optimumapplicationtimingisfrom4‐to20‐inchtallgrainsorghumforoptimumcroptolerance.Donotapplytograinsorghumtallerthan20inches.Twoapplications of ZEST are permitted in a season in case of regrowth or a subsequent flush of newweeds. Allow aminimumof 7 days between applications.Do not applymore than 1.8 oz/Aof ZESTper season. Add a non‐ionicsurfactantat1qtper100galofspraysolutionorcropoilconcentrateat1galper100galofspraysolution.Inaddition,addaspraygradenitrogensolutiontothespraysolutionat2lb/AofAMSor2qt/AofUAN.IftankmixingZESTwith2,4‐DLVEorDICAMBA,donotusecropoilconcentrate.DonottankmixZESTwithHUSKIEbecauseofreducedgrasscontrolandpotentialcropinjury.ZESTmaybetankmixedwith2,4‐DLVE,DICAMBA,ATRAZINE,STARANEULTRA,andALLYXP.**Grainmaybeharvestedoncethecrophasreachedthematuregrainstage.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


0.5‐1.5pt 0.25‐0.5lb 4 30days 48hours

Apply2,4‐Dbroadcastovertopgrainsorghumthatis6to15inchestalltocontrolmostbroadleafweeds.Usedropnozzlesifsorghumismorethan8inchesinheight.Usecautiontopreventdriftandinjurytonearbysensitivecrops.Rainfastinterval=notindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).


161

PostemergenceDirectedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinGrainSorghum






0.75‐1.5pt 0.188‐0.75lb 4 30days 48hours

Comments:Apply2,4‐Dasapostemergencedirectedsprayfrom8inchestallupto15inchestallusingdropnozzlestominimizecontactwithgrainsorghumplant.Ifgrainsorghumplantsaregrowingrapidly,reduce2,4‐Drateto0.5pttominimizecropinjurypotential.Usecautiontopreventdriftandinjurytonearbysensitivecrops.Rainfastinterval=notindicatedonlabel(suggest1hour).


Aim1.9EW

1.0floz

0.008lb

14 3days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMasapostemergencedirectedsprayfromV8toV14growthstage.AddNISat1qtper100galsof spraymixture.Avoiddirecting thespray in thewhorlof theplant.Tankmixpartners includeATRAZINE,2,4‐DAMINE,BANVEL,CLARITY,orPEAK.Rainfastinterval=6hours.

GramoxoneSL2E(paraquat)

1.0‐2.0pt 0.25‐0.5lb 22 48days 12hours

Comments:ApplyGRAMOXONEasapostemergencedirectedspraywhengrainsorghumisatleast12inchestall.Ahooded or shielded sprayer is recommended to minimize spray contact with grain sorghum foliage. Apply in aminimumof10gallonsofwaterperacre.Coverageisimportantforweedcontrolperformance.Weeds6inchesortallermaynotbecontrolled.AddNISatarateof2qtper100galsofspraymixture.Ifusingdropnozzles,arrangenozzlestospraynohigherthanlower3inchesofthestalks.Somefoliagewillbeinjuredbutcropwillrecoveranddevelop normally. Do not exceed 2 postemergence directed applications or 4.0 pt/A per season of GRAMOXONE.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.

Linex4L(linuron)

Lorox50DF

1.0‐1.5pt

1.0‐2.0lb

0.25‐0.75lb

0.5‐1.0lb

7 75days 24hours

Comments:ApplyLINEXorLOROXasapostemergencedirectedspraywhengrainsorghumisatleast15inchestall.Forbestresults,applywhenthereissufficientheightdifferentialbetweenweedsandthecropsothatthedirectedspraythoroughlycoversallweedfoliagewithoutcontactofupperleavesorwhorlofthegrainsorghumbysprayordrift.AddNISatarateof2qtper100galsofspraymixture.Spraytocoverweedsnomorethan3to4inchestall.Uselowerratewhenweedsarenotallerthan2inchesandhigherrateforweedsupto4inchestall.Non‐pressurenitrogensolutionmaybesubstitutedforallorpartofthewatercarrier.Rainfastinterval=notindicatedonlabel(suggest1hourminimum).


162

HarvestAidsforGrainSorghum






Aim1.9EW

1.0floz

0.016lb

14 3days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMaftercropisphysiologicallymatureandgrainhasbeguntodrydown(blacklayerhasformed).Desiccatesannualmorninggloryandotherharvestimpediments.AddaCOCat1‐2gal/100gals,NISat1qt/100gals,orMSOat1‐2gal/100galstothespraymix.ApplyAIMinaminimumof10gal/Asprayvolume.Rainfastinterval=6hours.


22‐44floz

0.75‐1.5lbae

9 7days 12hours

Comments:Applyaftersorghumisphysiologicallymatureandhasreached30percentgrainmoistureorless.Donotuseglyphosateifgrainsorghumisinfectedwithcharacoalrotaslodgingmayoccur.Rainfastinterval=heavyrainfallsoonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffofthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).

Defol7507.5SL(sodiumchlorate)Defol55.0SL

2.4‐3.2qt

3.6‐4.8qt

4.5‐6.0lb NC 7to10days 12hours

Comments:ApplyDEFOL7‐10daysbeforeanticipatedharvestafterphysiologicalmaturitytoreducethemoistureofthegrainwhilecropisstanding.Uselowerratewhengrainmoistureislowandweatherisclearanddry.Usehigherratewhenconditionsfordessicationarepoor.ApplyDEFOLwithaNISat2‐4ptper100galofspraysolution.Applyinaminimumof10‐20GPAforground(5‐10GPAforair)applications.Highersprayvolumeswillalsoprovidebetterweed desiccation results. Do notmix DEFOLwith other insecticides or other organicmaterials because a fire orexplosionmayresult.Rainfastinterval=24hours.


163

WeedResponsetoHerbicidesforGrainSorghumWeedManagement1 POSTEMERGENCE POST‐DIRECTED

Atrazine

Alachlor2

BicepIIMagnum

2

Bullet/Lariat2

Dimethenam

id‐p

2

S‐Metolachlor2

Atrazine

Aim

Banvel/Clarity

Basagran

Buctril

Marksm

an

Zes t3

2,4‐D

Aim

Banvel/Clarity

Linex/Lorox

Gramoxone

2,4‐D

anoda,spurred GE ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE P GE P ‐‐‐ GE FG G P GE ‐‐‐ GE G

barnyardgrass GE GE E E E G GE P P G P P GE P P P E G P

beggarweed,Florida E ‐‐‐ E E P F G F G P G FG G P G G E E P

bermudagrass P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P PF P

citronmelon G P G G P P G FG E P G G ‐‐‐ E P G E F E

cocklebur,common E P G G P P E P E P ‐‐‐ E F G P E GE GE G

cowpea E P E E P P E FG E P FG E ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ E G G E

crabgrass F E E E E E G P P P P P GE P P P GE GE P

crotalaria,showy GE P GE GE P P GE F G P G G ‐‐‐ G G G E G G

croton,tropic GE P G G P P G G GE E E GE ‐‐‐ E G E E GE E

crowfootgrass P E E E E E G P P P P P E P P P GE GE P

dayflower,Benghal F GE GE GE GE GE GE ‐‐‐ GE P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE GE GE GE

eclipta GE ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE FG G FG G G ‐‐‐ G FG G G FG G

goosegrass P E E E E E G P P P P P E P P P G GE P

jimsonweed E PF E E P P E GE E E E E FG E GE E E GE E

johnsongrass,seedling P P GE P P F F P P P P P E P P P G GE P

johnsongrass,rhizome P P P P P P P P P P P P GE P P P P P P

lambsquarters,common E G E E G G E GE E FG E E F E G E E G E

morningglory,annual GE P G G P P G G E P G E F E G E E G E

nutsedge,purple P P P P F FG P P P P P F F P P P P FG P

nutsedge,yellow P PF F PF G G PF P P G P F F P P P F FG P

panicum,fall PF E E E GE E G P P P P P G P P P GE GE P

panicum,Texas P P P PF PF PF F P P P P P GE P P P G GE P

pigweedspp. E E E E E G E G E P F GE GE E G E E GE E

poinsettia,wild GE P GE GE P P GE ‐‐‐ GE P PF E ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE GE G GE

purslane,common E G E E G G E G E P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G E G G G

pusley,Florida E GE E E GE GE G FG G P E E ‐‐‐ G FG E G GE G

ragweed,common E PF E E F PF GE FG E G E E F E P E E G E

sandbur,field F G GE G G G F P P P P P E P P P E FG P

senna,coffee F P F F P P FG P E P F GE FG GE P E GE GE GE

sesbania,hemp FG P FG FG P P FG F E P G GE PF G F E G PF G

sicklepod GE P G G P P G P GE P P GE PF G P E GE G G

sida,prickly E G E E P P GE FG G G F E P G G E GE FG G

signalgrass,broadleaf PF GE GE GE GE GE F P P P P P GE P P P GE GE P

smartweed,Pennsylvania GE P E GE P P G FG E E GE E G F G E GE GE F

spurge GE ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE FG G F GE GE ‐‐‐ G F E G FG G

starbur,Bristly GE P GE GE P P E ‐‐‐ E E F GE ‐‐‐ GE E GE GE G GE

velvetleaf FG PF G G P P G F GE GE GE E F G E G G P G1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%control;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Useonlyonsorghumhybridstreatedwithasafener.3UseonlyongrainsorghumvarietiescontainingtheInzenHerbicideToleranceTrait


164

GRAINSORGHUMINSECTCONTROLFrancisP.F.Reay‐Jones,ExtensionEntomologist

Anewpestofsorghum,thesugarcaneaphid(Melanaphissacchari)wasfoundforthefirsttimeinSouthCarolinainOctober 2014. This invasive species was first detected in the continental United States in Florida in 1977 and inLouisianain1999onsugarcanewhereitremainsaminorpest.

Theinsectswitchedhostsin2013andwasfoundongrainandforagesorghuminTexas.ThisnewstrainorbiotypewasalsofoundinMississippiin2013,anditrapidlyspreadin2014toArkansas,Tennessee,Alabama,Georgia,andSouthCarolina.ItiscurrentlyunknowniftheaphidcansuccessfullyoverwinterinSouthCarolina.However,theinsectwasabletosuccessfullyinfestsorghumfieldsinSouthCarolinain2015and2016,inadditiontospreadingtomanynewstates.Thedarkcornicles(tailpipes)anddarktarsi(feet)differentiatethisspeciesfromtheothermainpestspeciesofaphidsinsorghum.

Thesugarcaneaphidcancausesignificanteconomicdamagetosorghum.Theinsectfeedsonplantsapandcanseriouslyinjureorkillplants.Whilefeeding,aphidssecreteastickysubstancecalledhoneydewwhichcancoverplantsandcauseproblemswithharvesting.Since2015,infestationsofsugarcaneaphidshavebeensevereenoughinsomefieldsinSouthCarolinatocausecompletecropfailure,thoughonaverage,yieldlosseswerelessacrossthestate.ResearchtrialsatthePeeDeeandEdistoRECsarefocusingonassessingtheimpactofthispestonsorghuminSouthCarolinaandprovidingmanagementrecommendations.

Labeledproductsforcontrolofaphidsonsorghumincludechlorpyrifosanddimethoate,but,often,theseproductsonlyprovidefaircontrol,andpre‐harvestintervalsarelengthy(30and28days,respectively,atthelowestrates).DatafromtrialsinSouthCarolinaindicatethatdimethoateprovidepoorlevelsofcontrol,andchlorpyrifosprovidedfairlevelsofcontrol, thoughahigh ratemaybeneededwithheavy infestations.Pyrethroidswill flarepopulationsof aphidsbyreducingnumbersoftheirnaturalenemies,sotheyshouldnotbeusedwhensugarcaneaphidsarepresent.ThenewinsecticideSivanto(flupyradifurone)islabeledonsorghuminSouthCarolina.UnderFIFRAsection2(ee),areducedrate(4‐7ozofproductperacre)ofSivantoisavailableforcontrolofsugarcaneaphidonsorghum.This insecticideprovidedverygoodlevelsofcontrolinourtrials.

From2015‐2017,asection18EmergencyExemptionwasapprovedforTransform(sulfoxaflor)inSouthCarolina.Whilethisproductprovidesgoodcontrol,thesection18EmergencyExemptionexpiredon30November2017.Asofwriting(December 2017), Transform is not approved for use on grain sorghum for the 2018 growing season. The onlyrecommendedinsecticidesarethereforeSivanto(verygoodcontrol)andchlorpyrifos(fair).

Becausesugarcaneaphidscanbuilduprapidly,fieldsshouldbescoutedatleastonceaweek,preferablytwiceaweek.UntilthresholdsaredevelopedwithdatafromSouthCarolina,thresholdsfromthemid‐Southaretobeconsidered,with20%plantsinfestedwithlocalizedareasofheavyhoneydeyandestablishedaphidcoloniesuntilboot.Afterbootanduntildoughstage,athresholdof30%plantsinfestedistobeconsidered.

Selectionofagrainsorghumhybridwithtolerancetosugarcaneaphidisakeydecision.Severalgrainsorghumhybridshavelevelsoftolerancetosugarcaneaphidfeedingrelativetosusceptiblestandardhybrids.Animportantconsiderationisthatthevalueofusingtoleranthybridswillonlybeapparentundermoderatetoheavyaphidpressure.Yieldpotentialshouldbeaprimaryfactorwhenchoosinghybrids.Eventoleranthybridswillneedanapplicationofinsecticideundermoderatetoheavypressure.


165

R=Restrictedusepesticide;REI=re‐entryinterval;PHI=pre‐harvestinterval;PGI=pre‐grazinginterval.

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Aphids(seedinsecticide)

ClothianidinPONCHO600

5.1‐6.4floz/100lbofseed

‐

‐

‐

Seedtreatment

ImidaclopridGAUCHO600

6.4floz/100lbofseed

12 45 45 Seedtreatment

ThiomethoxamCRUISER5FS


12

‐

‐

Seedtreatment

Aphids(post‐emergenceinsecticides)(allspeciesexceptsugarcaneaphid)

DimethoateDIMETHOATE4EDIMETHOATE400

0.5‐1pt/ac0.5‐1.5pt/ac

4848

2828

2828

Use25‐40galofwaterperacreforgroundapplication.



2424

3030

3030

SugarcaneAphid

FlupyradifuroneSIVANTO

4‐7oz/ac

4

7

21

Useatleast10gallons/acforgroundapplications.



2424

3030

3030

Highratemaybeneeded

Armyworms(post‐emergenceinsecticides)


1.3‐2.8oz/ac

12

14

14



1212

2121

1414


166

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Armyworms(post‐emergenceinsecticides)(cont.)


CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR

1‐2pt/ac

1‐2pt/ac

24

24

30for1pt/ac

60for2pt/ac

30for1pt/ac

60for2pt/ac



1.3‐1.9oz/ac

12 14 14 Forgroundapplication,useatleast5gal/acofwater.


PROLEXR

2.56‐3.84oz/ac

1.02‐1.54oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30

Lambda‐cyhalothrinKARATEZRWARRIORR

1.28‐1.922.56‐3.84oz/ac

2424

3030

3030


MethomylLANNATELVRLANNATESPR

0.75‐1.5pts/ac0.25‐0.5lbs/ac

4848

1414

1414

Useatleast10gal.ofwaterperacreforgroundapplication.

SpinosadTRACER

BLACKHAWK

1.5‐3oz/ac

1.7‐3.3oz/ac

4

4

7

7

14

14



1.76‐4.0oz/ac

12 14 45 Useatleast10gal.ofwaterperacreforgroundapplication.

Chinchbug(seedinsecticide)

ClothianidinPONCHO600


‐

‐

‐

Seedtreatment

ImidaclopridGAUCHO600

6.4floz/100lbofseed

12 45 45 Seedtreatment

ThiomethoxamCRUISER5FS


12

‐

‐

Seedtreatment

Chinchbug(atplanting)


8oz/1000ftofrow

24

‐

‐

ApplyinT‐band.Suppressiononly.



167

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Chinchbug(post‐emergenceinsecticides)


2‐2.8oz/ac

12 14 14


1.25‐2.5lb/ac

1‐2qts/ac

1212

2121

1414


CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR


24

24

30for1pt/ac

60for2pt/ac

30for1pt/ac

60for2pt/ac

Applydirectedtowardbasedofplantwithenoughwatertocover8to12inchbandincenterofrow.Forplantslessthan6incheshigh,applybandcenteredoverrow.


1.3‐1.9oz/ac



5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 21 Sprayatbaseofplantforbestresults.

Gamma‐cyhalothrinPROAXISRPROLEXR

3.84oz/ac1.54oz/ac

2424

3030

3030

Applydirectedtowardbasedofplantwheninsectmovefromsmallgrainsorgrassweedstosorghum.


1.923.84oz/ac

2424

3030

3030


Cornearworm(post‐emergenceinsecticides)


1.3‐2.8oz/ac

12 14 14



1212

2121

1414


CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR

2pts/acre

2pts/acre

24

24

60

60

60

60




168

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION



1.0‐1.5oz/ac



5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 21


PROLEXR

2.56‐3.84oz/ac

1.02‐1.54oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30

Lambda‐cyhalothrinKARATEZR

WARRIORR

1.28‐1.92

2.56‐3.84oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30


MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

0.75‐1.5pts/ac

0.25‐0.5lbs/ac

48

48

14

14

14

14


SpinosadTRACER

BLACKHAWK

1.5‐3oz/ac

1.7‐3.3oz/ac

4

4

7

7

14

14



1.76‐4.0oz/ac


Cutworm


8oz/1000ftofrow

24

‐

‐

ApplyinT‐band.


1‐1.3oz/ac

12 14 14


4F,XLRPlus

2.5lb/ac

2qts/ac

12

12

21

21

14

14



2424

30for1pt/ac60for2pt/ac

30for1pt/ac60for2pt/ac

Applydirectedtowardbasedofplantwithenoughwatertocover8to12inchbandincenterofrow.Forplantslessthan6incheshigh,applybandcenteredoverrow.



169

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION



1‐1.5oz/ac

12 14 14 Forgroundapplication,useatleast5gal/ac.


5.8‐9.6oz/ac

12 21 21 Sprayatbaseofplantforbestresults.


PROLEXR

1.92‐2.56oz/ac0.77‐1.02oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30



0.96‐1.281.92‐2.56oz/ac

2424

3030

3030



1.28‐4.0oz/ac

12 14 45

Sorghummidge(post‐emergenceinsecticides)


1.0‐1.3oz/ac

12 14 14


0.5pts/acre

0.5pts/acre

2424

3030

3030

Applywhen30%to50%oftheseedheadsareinbloom.


1.3‐1.9oz/ac


DimethoateDIMETHOATE4E

0.25‐0.5pt/ac

48

28

28

Use25‐40galofwaterperacreforgroundapplication.


2.9‐5.8oz/ac

12 21 21


PROLEXR

1.92‐2.56oz/ac

0.77‐1.02oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30

Applywhen25%ofheadshaveemergedandareintipbloom.


WARRIORR

0.96‐1.28

1.92‐2.56oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30

Applywhen25%ofheadshaveemergedandareintipbloom.



170

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Sorghummidge(post‐emergenceinsecticides)(cont.)

MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

0.75‐1.5pts/ac

0.25‐0.5lbs/ac

48

48

14

14

14

14

Useatleast10gal.ofwaterperacreforgroundapplication.Applyat50%bloom.

Sorghumwebworm(post‐emergenceinsecticides)


1.3‐2.8oz/ac

12 14 14


4F,XLRPlus

1.25‐2.5lb/ac

1‐2qts/ac

12

12

21

21

14

14


CHLORPYRIFOS4EAGR

2pts/acre

2pts/acre

24

24

60

60

60

60



1.0‐1.5oz/ac



2.56‐3.84oz/ac

24

30

30


WARRIORR

1.28‐1.92oz/ac

2.56‐3.84oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30

MethomylLANNATELVR

LANNATESPR

1.5pts/ac

0.5lbs/ac

48

48

14

14

14

14


SpinosadTRACER

BLACKHAWK

1.5‐3oz/ac

1.7‐3.3oz/ac

4

4

7

7

14

14



1.76‐4.0oz/ac




171

INSECTPESTICIDE

ANDFORMULATION


Stinkbugs(post‐emergenceinsecticides)


1.3‐2.8oz/ac

12 14 14



1212

2121

1414


1.5‐1.8oz/ac


Gamma‐cyhalothrinPROAXISRPROLEXR

2.56‐3.84oz/ac

1.02‐1.54oz/ac

2424

3030

3030


WARRIORR

1.28‐1.92oz/ac2.56‐3.84oz/ac

24

24

30

30

30

30


1.76‐4.0oz/ac


PRE‐MIXEDorCO‐PACKAGEDINSECTICIDESBRANDNAME RATE REI PHI PGI COMMENTS COBALT(chlorpyrifos,gamma‐cyhalothrin)

7‐42oz/ac 24 32 1(green)21(fodder)



172

WEEDCONTROLINPEANUTMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut



RestrictedEntryIntervalFormulation Active

Ingredient


1.0‐2.0oz 0.016‐0.032lb

14

3days 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimebeforeplanting.Forbestresults,applywhenweedsarelessthan4inchestall(lessthan3inchrosettes).Usehigherratefortreatinglargerweeds.AddaCOC(1‐2galper100galsspraysolution,NIS(1qtper100galsspraysolution),orMSO(1‐2galper100galsofspraysolution).Add2,4‐Dtoimprovecontrolofcutleaf eveningprimrose andwild radish. Tankmix partners include GLYPHOSATE or GRAMOXONE.Rainfastinterval=6‐8hours.


0.5‐2.0floz 0.0008‐0.0032lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments: ApplyETanytimebeforeplanting.UseaCOCat1‐2%v/v(1‐2gal/100gals). ProvidescontrolofsmallPalmeramaranth(less than3 inches),annualmorningglory,sicklepod,andothersmallbroadleafweeds.Applyinaminimumof5gallonsspraysolutionperacrebyairor10gallonsspraysolutionperacrebyground.Donotapplymorethan2.0flozperacrepergrowingseason.


22‐32oz

0.75‐1.13lbae

9 7days 4hours

Comments: Apply any time prior to planting to control emerged weeds. Refer to specific label for weedscontrolled,applicationrates,adjuvants,andprecautions.GLYPHOSATEalonedoesnotadequatelycontrolcutleafeveningprimrose,wildradish,orCarolinageranium.GLYPHOSATEcanalsobetank‐mixedwithVALORorAIMtoimprovethespectrumofcontrol,particularlyforannualmorningglories.RefertospecificcommentsforVALOR.Applicationstowheatandryeshouldbemadebeforethebootstageorafterthewheatisfullyheaded.

Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal+2,4‐Dester(various)

22‐32oz+

1.0‐2.0pt

0.75‐1.13lbae+

0.48‐0.96lb

94

‐‐‐ 48hours

Comments:Apply15to30days,dependingontherateof2,4‐D,beforeplantingtocontrolemergedweeds.2,4‐Disthemostcost‐effectiveoptionavailableforburndownofcutleafeveningprimrose.Consult2,4‐Dproductlabelforinformationregardingwaitingintervalspriortoplantingfollowingapplicationof2,4‐D(15[1.0pt/A]to30[2.0pt/A]dayspreplantintervaldependingon2,4‐Drate).


173

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)




Ingredient

Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal+2,4‐Dester(various)+Leadoff33.4SG(rimsulfuron+thifensulfuron)

22‐32oz

1.0‐2.0pt

1.5oz

0.75‐1.13lbae

0.5‐1.0lb

0.016lb+

0.016lb

9422

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyLEADOFFafterfallharvestthroughearlyspring45daysormorebeforeplanting.AthreewaytankmixtureofGLYPHOSATE+2,4‐DLVE+LEADOFFprovidesburndownand/orresidualcontrolofCarolinageranium,cutleafeveningprimrose,marestail,vetches,wildradish,wildmustard,andchickweed.IfGLYPHOSATEdoesnotcontainabuilt‐insurfactant,thenaddNISat1qtper100galorCOCat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusanammoniumnitrogenliquidfertilizer(suchasureaammoniumnitrateat2qt/Aorammoniumsulfateat2lb/A).

GramoxoneSL2E(paraquat)

Paraquat3.0S

2.5‐3.75pt

1.7‐2.5pt

0.625‐0.94lb

22

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:GRAMOXONEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applyanytimepriortoplantingtocontrolemergedweeds.AddNISat1qtper100galsorCOCat1galper100galsofspraymixture.GRAMOXONEwillnotadequatelycontrol largehorseweed,swinecress,purslanespeedwell,curlydock,cutleafeveningprimrose,andwildradish.Canalsobetank‐mixedwithVALOR(1.0‐3.0oz/A)toimprovethespectrumofcontrolandprovideresidualweedcontrol.


1.0‐3.0oz 0.032‐0.096lb

14

60days 12hours

Comments:Applyupto14dayspriortoplanting.Donotapplymorethan3oz/AofVALORSXduringasinglegrowing season.No‐till planters (strip‐till) that incorporate the soilwill result in reducedweed control in thefurrow.Canbetank‐mixedwithotherburndownherbicidestoenhancespeedofburndown(i.e.,GLYPHOSATEorPARAQUAT).

Warrant3ME(acetochlor)

1.25‐2.0qt 1.125‐1.5lb

15

90days 12hours

Comments: Apply anytime before planting.WARRANTprovides residual control of small seeded broadleaves(includingALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth)andgrasses.TheoptimumrateofWARRANTis3pt/A.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATE,PARAQUAT,or2,4‐DLVEforimporvedcontrolofemergedweeds.


174

WeedandCoverCropResponsetoBurndown/PreplantHerbicidesinPeanut1

Aim/ET2

Glyphosate2

Glyphosate+2,4‐D

2

Glyphosate+2,4‐D+Leadoff2

Glyphosate+ValorSX2

Gramoxone2

Gramoxone+ValorSX2

barley,little F E E E E G G

bluegrass,annual G F F E E G G

buttercups G E E E E E E

chickweed,common G F G E E E E

clovers P PF F G F G GE

cudweed G E E E E FG FG

dandelion P P E E G P P

dock,curly P PF G F G F P

eveningprimrose,cutleaf GE PF E E FG F E

geranium,Carolina GE FG E E E GE E

henbit/deadnettle G F G E E G E

horseweed(marestail) G E GE GE GE F GE

mustard,wild G FG E G GE FG GE

pansy,field G F F ‐‐‐ F G G

pepperweed,Virginia G G E E G G G

radish,wild G FG GE G GE G GE

ryegrass,Italian F G F E G FG FG

sorrel,red F E E G E E E

spurry,corn G GE GE E G FG G

swinecress G FG G E FG PF PF

vetch GE F E E FG G GE

wheat/ryecovercrop P E E E E FG G1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Herbiciderates:ETat1.0oz/A;glyphosateat0.75lbae/A(22oz/Aof4.5lbae/galor32oz/Aof3.0lbae/gal);2,4‐Dat1‐2pt/A;Leadoffat1.5oz/A;paraquatat2.0pt/A;andValorSXat3.0oz/A.


175

SuggestedHerbicideProgramsforPeanut(w/oresistantpigweed)

ApplicationTimingConventionalTillage ConservationTillage

Valor1(non‐Cadre)

Valor+Cadre Valor1(non‐Cadre)

Valor+Cadre

PreplantBurndown xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Glyphosate+2,4‐D Glyphosate+2,4‐DPPI ProwlorSonalan ProwlorSonalan xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

PREValor+

(Prowl,Dual,orSonalan)

Valor+(Prowl,Dual,or

Sonalan)

Valor+(Dual,Prowl,or

Sonalan)

Valor+(Prowl,DualorSonalan)

EarlyPOST(1stweedflush)

paraquat+Basagran/Storm+DualorWarrant


paraquat+Basagran/Storm)+DualorWarrant


POST

Paraquat+Basagran/Storm2

+DualorWarrant

Cadre3+

OutlookorWarrant+

2,4‐DB

Paraquat+Basagran/Storm2

+Warrant

Cadre3+

OutlookorWarrant+

2,4‐DB

Lateweedescapes42,4‐DB 2,4‐DB 2,4‐DB 2,4‐DB

UltraBlazer/Cobra UltraBlazer/Cobra UltraBlazer/Cobra UltraBlazer/CobraSelect/Poast/Fusilade

1CADRE‐FREEherbicideprogramsforgrowerswhoprefernottouseCADREbecauseofrotationalcottoninjuryconcerns.2ApplyPARAQUAT+BASAGRANorPARAQUAT+STORMupto28daysafterpeanutemergence.3ApplyCADREupto30‐35daysafterpeanutemergence.4Pleasefollowpreharvestintervalsforthesetreatments;consultrespectiveherbicidelabelsformoredetails.

ManagementOptionsforALS‐ResistantPalmerAmaranthinPeanut1

Palmer amaranth populations exist in South Carolina that are resistant to several herbicide families includingacetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors (i.e., Cadre, Classic, Strongarm), dinitroaniline (i.e., Prowl and Sonalan), andglyphosate(Roundup).Thefollowingtableisdesignedtoassistgrowersindevelopinganherbicidesystemtomanageand/orpreventALS‐resistantPalmeramaranthpopulationsinpeanut.Tillage Preplant

BurndownPreemergence 1stWeedFlush

POST2(by28dafterPlanting)

StripTillage

Glyphosateorparaquat+2,4‐D

Valor3paraquat+Storm3

+Dual,Outlook,orWarrant

2,4‐DB+Cobra3or

UltraBlazer3

Valor3+

Dual,Outlook,Warrant,Prowl

paraquat+Storm3+

Outlook,orWarrant

2,4‐DB+Cobra3or

UltraBlazer3

TillagePreplant

Incorporated4Preemergence 1stWeedFlush

POST(by28dafterPlanting)

Conventional

Tillage

ProwlorSonalan Valor3paraquat+Storm3

+Dual,Outlook,orWarrant

2,4‐DB+Cobra3or

UltraBlazer3

ProwlorSonalanValor3+

Dual,Outlook,Warrant

paraquat+Storm3+

Outlook,orWarrant

2,4‐DB+Cobra3or

UltraBlazer3

1ALS‐resistant (CADREresistant)Palmeramaranthbiotypeshavebeendocumented inSouthCarolina.Aprogrammultiple soilresidualandpostemergenceherbicideswithdifferingmodes‐of‐actionwillberequiredforoptimumcontrol.2CADREandPURSUIT(ALS‐inhibitors)maybetankmixedwithCOBRAorULTRABLAZERifcontrolofotherbroadleafweedsisneeded.BecauseCADREandPURSUITareALS‐inhibitors,thesetankmixturesarepreferredoverCADREorPURSUITalone.3VALOR,STORM,COBRA,andULTRABLAZERhavethesamemodeofaction(PPOinhibitor).Donotmakemorethan2applicationsoftheseherbicidesperyear.4UseDUALMAGNUMorOUTLOOKinsteadofSONALANorPROWLifDNA‐resistantPalmeramaranthbiotypesaresuspectedand/orconfirmedinyourfields.


176

WeedResponsetoSoilAppliedHerbicidesforPeanutWeedManagement1 PPI2 PRE3/PPI PRE3

Sonalan

Dimetham

id‐p

DualMagnum

Intrro

Prowl

Pursui t

Strongarm

Solicam

ValorSX

SpartanCharge

anoda,spurred P P P P P G FG GE F G

barnyardgrass E E E E E F P E E F

beggarweed,Florida G F PF PF P P FG G GE G

bermudagrass P P P P P P P P P P

citronmelon P P P P P P G G G F

cocklebur,common P P P P P GE GE PF P FG

cowpea P P P P P P P G PF P

crabgrass E E E E E F P GE P F

crotalaria,showy P P P P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐

croton,tropic P P P P P P FG G G G

crowfootgrass E E G E E P P G P F

dayflower,Benghal P GE GE GE P G G PF F ‐‐‐

eclipta P PF PF PF P P GE G GE G

goosegrass E E E E E F P G P F

jimsonweed P P P P P G GE FG G G

johnsongrass,seedling E F F F E G P GE P F

johnsongrass,rhizome P P P P P P P P P P

lambsquarters,common GE FG F F GE F GE FG GE E

morningglory,annual P P P P P G FG F FG E

nutsedge,purple P P P P P G PF P P G

nutsedge,yellow P F FG F P FG PF P P G

panicum,fall E G G G E PF P G P F

panicum,Texas GE P P P GE PF PF P P F

pigweedspp.ALS‐resistantDNA‐resistant

GEGEP

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

GGP

EPE

EPE

GEGEGE

EEE

GEGEGE

poinsettia,wild P P P P P E GE P ‐‐‐ G

purslane,common GE G G G GE G ‐‐‐ GE GE F

pusley,Florida E G G G E G GE GE GE F

ragweed,common P F P PF P P GE G GE P

redweed(chocolateweed) P P P P P ‐‐‐ G G GE G

ryegrass,annual G G G G G F P GE GE F

sandbur,field E FG G G E ‐‐‐ P F P F

senna,coffee P P P PF P FG P F PF G

sesbania,hemp P P P P P P PF P G G

sicklepod P P P PF P P P F P P

sida,prickly P P F G P GE FG GE GE G

signalgrass,broadleaf G FG FG FG G P P G P F

smartweed,Pennsylvania P P P P P G G G PF E

spurge P PF PF PF P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE G

starbur,bristly P P P F P F E PF F G

velvetleaf P P P P P PF GE GE F GE1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=lessthan70%control;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2PPI,PreplantIncorporated.3PRE,Preemergence.


177

PreplantIncorporatedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut




Intrro(alachlor)

3.0‐4.0qt 3.0‐4.0lb

15

70days 12hours

Comments: INTRROisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE. Incorporatetoadepthof1‐2inchesdeepinthesoilzone.Excellentcontrolofannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleaves.PerformanceonPalmeramaranthisslightlybetterthanPROWL.Useaminimumof3qt/A for controlofnutsedgeon coarse textured soils.Domakemore than twoapplicationsperyearorexceed4.0qt/Aperseason.Donotfeedforageorhayfromtreatedcrop.

metolachlor(various)s‐metolachlor(various)

1.0‐1.33pt

1.0‐1.33pt

1.0‐1.33lb

0.95‐1.27lb

15

90days 24hours

Comments:ControlssmallseededannualgrassandbroadleafweedsandmayprovidelimitedFloridabeggarweedsuppression.Controlsorsuppressesyellownutsedgebutnotpurplenutsedge.Incorporationwithimplementsotherthanpowertillerrequirestwopasses,preferablyatcrossangles.Deepincorporationmayreduceeffectiveness.Maybetank‐mixedwithPROWLorSONALANforcontrolofTexasPanicum.PPItreatmentsgenerallyprovidebettercontrolofnutsedge.Heavyrainfallafterplantingand/ornon‐uniformincorporationmayresultincropinjuryexpressedasdelayedemergenceandstuntedgrowthofemergingplants.Thegenericformulationsofmetolachlor(PARALLELPCS,STALWART,ME‐TOO‐LACHLOR)maynotprovidethesamelengthofresidualcontrolasDualMagnum.

Outlook6EC(dimethenamid‐p)

12‐21floz 0.56‐0.98lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Controlssmallseededannualgrassandbroadleafweeds. Suppressesyellownutsedgebutnotpurplenutsedge. May be tank‐mixed with PROWL or SONALAN for control of Texas panicum. PPI treatments generallyprovidebettercontrolofyellownutsedge.

ProwlH203.8CS(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3EC

1.8‐2.4pt

2.0pt

0.75‐1.0lb

0.95lb

3

21days 24hours

Comments:Controlsannualgrassesandsmall‐seededbroadleafweeds.Incorporate1‐2inchesdeepwithin7daysofapplication.Incorporationwithimplementsotherthanpowertillerrequirestwopasses,preferablyatcrossangles.UsehighrateforTexaspanicumorwhereheavyweedpopulationsareanticipated.Maybetank‐mixedwithOUTLOOK,DUAL,WARRANT,orPURSUITforcontrolofmixedinfestationsofannualgrassesandnutsedge.Prowlcanbeappliedimmediately after planting to a freshly prepared seedbedup to 2 days after planting but before crop emergence.However,adequateincorporationintheformof0.75"ofirrigationorrainfallisneededwithin48hoursforoptimumactivationwhenappliedbythismethod.Instrip‐tillageproductionsystems,therateofPROWLshouldbeincreasedto3.0pts/A(3.3EC)or2.6pts/A(3.8CS).


178

PreplantIncorporatedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)




Pursuit2AS(imazethapyr)

4.0oz 0.063lb

2

85days 4hours

Comments:Controlspurpleandyellownutsedge,wildpoinsettia,wildradish,pigweed,burgherkin,andseveralotherannualspecies.DoesnotcontrolFloridabeggarweedorsicklepod.Shallowincorporationispreferred.Maybetank‐mixedwithDUAL,PROWL,orSONALANforimprovedgrasscontrolincludingTexaspanicum.Incorporatedtreatmentsaremorepersistentthanpreemergenceorpostemergenceapplicationsandaremorelikelytoresultincarryover.

SonalanHFP(ethafluralin)

2.0pt 0.75lb

3

‐‐‐ 24hours

Comments:Controlsannualgrassesandsmall‐seededbroadleafweeds.Incorporate2‐3inchesdeepwithin2daysofapplication.Incorporationwithimplementsotherthanpowertillerrequirestwopasses,preferablyatcrossangles.Maybetank‐mixedwithOUTLOOKorDUALforcontrolofyellownutsedge.SONALANmayalsobeappliedasasurfaceapplicationtofreshlypreparedseedbedsbutmustbeincorporatedwitha0.5inchofrainfallorirrigationeventwithin2daysafterapplication.

Strongarm84WDG(diclosulam)

0.45oz 0.024lb

2

30days 12hours

Comments:STRONGARMprovidesgeneralbroadleafweedcontrol.Incorporateintotop1‐3inchesoffinalseedbed.Goodtoexcellentcontrolofmanyspeciesincludingbristlystarbur,annualmorningglory,wildpoinsettia,eclipta,andcopperleaf. Should be tank‐mixedwith OUTLOOK, DUAL, SONALAN, or PROWL for grass control. Poor control ofsicklepod.ControlofnutsedgehasbeenvariableandinconsistentwhichcanbeimprovedwithatankmixofDUAL.

ChemigationforWeedManagementinPeanut




Metolachlor(various)ors‐metolachlor(various)orProwlH2O3.8SC(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3EC

15153

90days 24hours

Comments:Useatnormalrecommendedrates.Maybeappliedbyinjectionthroughcenterpivotirrigationsystems.Applyafterplantingbutbeforecropemergence.Requirespropersystemcalibrationandsafetydevices(checkvalves,cutoffswitches,etc.)toprovideeffectiveweedcontrolandpreventenvironmentalcontamination.Accurateherbicideapplicationthroughchemigationmayprovidesuperiorweedcontrolcomparedtoconventionalgroundapplications.Generic formulations ofmetolachlor (PARALLEL PCS, STALWART,ME‐TOO‐LACHLOR)may not provide the samelengthofresidualcontrolasDUALMAGNUM.


179

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut




Intrro4EC(alachlor)

3.0‐4.0qt

3.0‐4.0lb

15

70days 12hours

Comments: INTRRO is a RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE. Excellent control of annual grasses and small seededbroadleaves.PerformanceonPalmeramaranthslightlybetterthanpreemergenceapplicationsofPROWL,especiallyincoarsetexturedsoils.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Domakemorethantwoapplicationsperyearorexceed4.0qt/Aperseason.Donotfeedforageorhayfromtreatedcrop.

Metolachlor(various)s‐metolachlor(various)

1.0‐1.33pt

1.0‐1.33pt

1.0‐1.33lb

0.95‐1.27lb

15 90days 24hours

Comments:IfDUALwasusedasaPPItreatment,anyadditionalapplicationsofDUALshouldbedelayeduntilpeanutsbeginemerging(atcracking).Overlappingapplicationsofpreplantincorporatedfollowedbyat‐crackingtreatmentsgenerallyprovide improvedcontrolof sicklepod,Floridabeggarweed,andyellownutsedge.Controlssmall seededannualgrassesandbroadleafweedsandmayprovidelimitedFloridabeggarweedsuppression.Controlsorsuppressesyellownutsedgebutnotpurplenutsedge.Maybetank‐mixedwithPROWL/PENDIMAXorSONALANforcontrolofTexaspanicumandyellownutsedge.PPItreatmentsgenerallyprovidebettercontrolofyellownutsedge.Thegenericformulationsofmetolachlor(PARALLELPCS,STALWART,ME‐TOO‐LACHLOR)maynotprovidethesamelengthofresidualcontrolass‐metolachlor(DUALMAGNUM).Donotapplymorethan4pt/A/yearofDUAL8Eor2.8pt/A/yearofDUALMAGNUM.


12‐21floz 0.56‐0.98lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:OUTLOOKcontrolssomesmallseededannualgrassesbroadleafweeds.ProvidessomesuppressionofsicklepodandFloridabeggarweed.Maybetank‐mixedwithDUAL,PROWL,orSONALANforimprovedgrasscontrolincludingTexaspanicum.Applyafterplantingandbeforecropandweedsemerge.Maybeusedinasplitapplicationmethod.Preemergencetreatmentsgenerallyprovidebetterbroadleafweedcontrol/suppression.Donotexceed21oz/A/yearofOutlook/Propel6E.


4.0oz 0.063lb

2

85days 4hours

Comments:PURSUITcontrolspurpleandyellownutsedge,wildpoinsettia,wildradish,pigweed,burgherkin, andseveralotherannual species.Doesnot controlFloridabeggarweedor sicklepod. Maybe tank‐mixedwithDUAL,PROWL/PENDIMAX, or SONALAN improved grass control including Texas panicum. Rainfall is needed for properactivationofPURSUITwithasurfaceapplication.

SonalanHFP(ethafluralin)

2.0pt 0.75lb

3

‐‐‐ 24hours

Comments:SONALANmaybeappliedasasurfaceapplicationtofreshlypreparedseedbeds,butmustbeincorporatedby0.5‐1.0"ofrainfallorirrigationwithin2daysafterapplication.Controlsannualgrassesandsmall‐seededbroadleafweeds.Maybetank‐mixedwithOUTLOOKorDUALforcontrolofyellownutsedge.


180

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)





0.45oz 0.024lb

2

30days 12hours

Comments:ApplySTRONGARMafterplantinguptocracking.STRONGARMprovidesgoodtoexcellentcontrolofmanyspeciesincludingbristlystarbur,wildpoinsettia,eclipta,andannualmorningglories.STRONGARMisnoteffectiveuntilrainfallorirrigationeventofatleast0.25to0.5incheshasoccurred.Shouldbetank‐mixedwithagrassherbicide,suchDUAL,PROWL,SONALAN,OUTLOOK.Poorcontrolofsicklepod.Nutsedgecontrolcanvarydependingonweeddensityorenvironmentalconditions(especiallysoilmoisture).

SpartanCharge3.5SL(sulfentrazone+carfentrazone)

3.0‐5.0floz 0.074‐0.123lb

+0.008‐0.014lb

1414

None 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTANCHARGEpriortoplantingorupto3daysafterplanting.SPARTANCHARGEwillprovidepostemergenceactivityonweeds(lessthan3inchesinheight)presentatthetimeofapplication.Sprayercalibrationand good agitation are essentialwith application of SPRATANCHARGE. Avoid excessive overlap of spray swaths.Excellent control of morningglory, Palmer amaranth, lambsquarters, and yellow/purple nutsedge. Do not applySPARTANCHARGEaftercropemergence,atcracking,or ifseedling isclose tothesoilsurfaceasundesirablecropresponsemayoccur.TankmixwithDUALMAGNUM,PROWL,SONALAN,orOUTLOOKforimprovedgrasscontrol.Donotapplymorethan7.0floz/AofSPARTANCHARGEper12‐monthperiod.DonotapplySPARTANCHARGEtosoilsclassifiedassandswithlessthan1.0%organicmatter.DonotirrigatepeanutsafteraSPARTANCHARGEapplicationwithwaterpHhigherthan9.Donotirrigatepeanutsduringcracking.Donotfeedtreatedpeanutforageorpeanuthaytolivestock.


3.0oz 0.096lb

14

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVALORimmediatelyafterplantingbutnolaterthan2daysafterplanting.Significant injurycanoccur ifVALORis incorporatedorapplied3ormoredaysafterplanting.Plantpeanutsat least1.5"deep.DONOTirrigatewhenpeanutsarecracking.Rainfallorirrigationatcrackingwillcausetemporarycropinjurythatshouldnotresult in reduced yields if applied according to the label. VALORwill provide good to excellent control of manybroadleafweeds includingFloridabeggarweed,ALS‐ResistantPalmeramaranth,andtropiccroton.VALORwillnotcontrol annual/perennial grasses, sicklepod, nutsedge, and cocklebur. VALOR can be tank‐mixed with PROWL,SONALAN,DUALMAGNUM,orOUTLOOK.Canalsobeusedinstrip‐tillagepeanutproductionsystemsincombinationwithglyphosateorparaquattoimproveburndowncontrolplusresidual.BesuretocompletelycleansprayequipmentTHESAMEDAYOFUSEasdirectedontheherbicidelabel.DonotletVALORsitinthetankovernight.


1.25‐2.0qt 1.125‐1.5lb

15

90days 12hours

Comments: WARRANT provides residual control of small seeded broadleaves (including ALS‐resistant Palmeramaranth)andgrasses.Applyafterplantingbutbeforeweedsgerminate.TheoptimumrateofWARRANTis3pt/A.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATEorPARAQUATtocontrolweedsthathavegerminatedsinceplanting.EnvironmentalconditionsthatfollowapplicationofWARRANTincludingcold,wetsoilsorsaturatedconditionsfromexcessiverainmayresultincropinjury.WARRANTappliedpreemergencetopeanutmaybetankmixedwithPROWL,SONALAN,STRONGARM,TREFLAN,orVALOR.


181

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceHerbicidesforPeanutWeedManagement1

Paraquat

Paraquat+Storm

Paraquat+Basagran

Basagran

Cadre

Classic

Cobra

FusiladeDX

Poast/PoastPlus

Pursui t

Select/M

AX

Storm

UltraBlazer

2,4‐DB

anoda,spurred P G FG G G F F P P F P F P P

barnyardgrass G G G P G P G GE GE G GE G G P

beggarweed,Florida GE GE GE P FG FG PF P P P P P P P

bermudagrass P P P P P P P G FG P G P P P

citromelon F G F P G P G P P P P F F G

cocklebur,common G GE G E E E GE P P E P GE G GE

cowpea FG F F P PF F PF P P P P PF PF PF

crabgrass FG FG FG P G P P G GE PF GE P P P

crotalaria,showy F FG F P F ‐‐‐ E P P F P GE E F

croton,tropic P G P P P P G P P P P GE G P

crowfootgrass G G G P G P P FG FG P G P P P

dayflower,Benghal G G G G FG F ‐‐‐ P P FG P F P P

eclipta PF FG F G PF P FG P P P P G FG P

goosegrass FG FG FG P F P P G G P G P P P

jimsonweed P F E E E GE GE P P FG P E E G

johnsongrass,seedling G G G P FG P P GE GE GE GE P P P

johnsongrass,rhizome P P P P FG P P GE FG G G P P P

lambsquarters,common F FG F F PF P P P P P P G G F

morningglory,annual P F FG F G G G P P G P G GE G

nutsedge,purple PF F F P GE PF P P P G P P P P

nutsedge,yellow PF FG FG G GE G P P P FG P F P P

panicum,fall G G G P G P P GE GE F E P F P

panicum,Texas GE GE GE P FG P P G GE PF GE P P P

pigweedspp.ALS‐resistant

FF

GEGE

FGFG

PP

EP

FP

EE

PP

PP

EP

PP

GEGE

EE

FF

poinsettia,wild F G GE P E P GE P P PF P G GE P

purslane,common G G G G PF P E P P PF P GE G G

pusley,Florida P P P P P F G P P P P E E P

ragweed,common PF G F F F G E P P P P GE E F

sandbur,field F FG FG P G P PF G G ‐‐‐ G P P P

senna,coffee F E E G G P FG P P F P G E F

sesbania,hemp F G FG P P E G P P P P E E P

sicklepod GE GE G P GE G P P P P P P P F

sida,prickly F G G G G P G P P PF P G P P

signalgrass,broadleaf G G G P G P PF G GE G GE P P P

smartweed,Pennsylvania GE G G GE FG P GE P P GE P GE GE P

starbur,bristly PF FG F G F G GE P P PF P G G PF

velvetleaf F FG G G G GE G P P PF P FG PF P

1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%control;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.


182

EarlyPostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)




Intrro4ME(alachlor)

3.0‐4.0qt 3.0‐4.0lb

15

70days 12hours

Comments:INTRROisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Excellentcontrolofannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleaves.PerformanceonPalmeramaranthslightlybetterthanPROWL.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Domakemorethantwoapplicationsperyearorexceed4.0qt/Aperseason.Donotfeedforageorhayfromtreatedcrop.


4.0floz 0.063lb

2

85days 4hours

Comments:PURSUITprovideseffectivecontrolofnutsedge,wildpoinsettia,wildradish,bristlystarbur,pricklysida,andseveralotherannualspecies.Weedsizeisespeciallycriticalforeffectivecontrolofnutsedge,bristlystarbur,andpricklysida.Ifweedsareemerged,NISorCOCshouldbeincluded.Maybetank‐mixedwithGRAMOXONEor2,4‐DBforbroaderspectrumcontrolofemergedweeds.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedpeanutforage,vines,hay,orstrawtolivestock.

GramoxoneSL2S(paraquat)Paraquat3.0S

8.0‐16.0floz

5.4‐10.8floz

0.125‐0.25lb

0.127‐0.25lb

22

None 12hours

Comments: GRAMOXONE is a RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE. Provides effective contact control of sicklepod,morningglory,Floridabeggarweed,Texaspanicum,andmanyotherproblemweeds.Whenusedalone,paraquatisnoteffective on smallflowermorningglory, prickly sida,wild radish, or tropic croton. Apply anytimeup to 28days aftergroundcrack.GRAMOXONEmaybetankmixedwithDUALMAGNUM,PURSUIT,BASAGRAN,2,4‐DB,orSTORM.IncludeNISat1qtper100galspraysolutionwithallparaquattreatments(exceptDUALMAGNUMtankmixes).Donotmakemorethan2applicationsperseason.Donotapplyatotalofmorethan10.8oz/Aperyear(PARAZONE/FIRESTORM)or16.0oz/Aperyear(GRAMOXONESL).Peanutfoliageinjuryisusuallytemporary.Conditionsofhighhumidity,wetfoliage,and/or wet soils can result in greater foliage burn. Thrips injury retards crop recovery. The success of earlypostemergencesprayscanbegreatly improvedby1)applyinginaminimumsprayvolumeof15GPA;2)usingspraynozzlesthatproducesmalldroplets;3)decreasinggroundspeed;and4)usinglowerspraypressures(30PSI).Rainfastintervalis30minutes.

GramoxoneSL2E(paraquat)Paraquat3S+Basagran4.0S(bentazon)

8.0‐16.0floz

5.4‐10.8floz

+1.0pt

0.125‐0.25lb

0.127‐0.25lb

+

0.5lb

22

6

None

50days

12hours

48hours

Comments: GRAMOXONE is a RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE. Provides effective, broad‐spectrum early season weedcontrol.Providessomesuppressionofyellownutsedge.Generally,reducespeanutinjurycomparedtootherparaquattreatments.ThelowerrateofBASAGRAN(0.5pt/A)isusuallysufficienttoreducepeanutfoliarburnandprovidecontrolofsmallflowermorningglory.ThehigherrateofBASAGRAN(1.0pt/A)isnecessaryforcontrolofweedssuchasbristlystarburandpricklysida.Applyanytimeupto28daysaftergroundcrack.IncludeNISat1qtper100galspraysolutionwith all paraquat treatments. The success of early postemergence sprays can be greatly improved by 1) applyingherbicides inaminimumsprayvolumeof15GPA;2)usingspraynozzles thatproducesmalldroplets;3)decreasinggroundspeed;and4)usinglowerspraypressures(30PSI).DUALMAGNUM(orgenericmetolachlors)orWARRANTcanbeusedincombinationwiththistreatmenttoprovideresidualcontrolofpigweed.ANISisnotrecommendedifDUALMAGNUMorgenericmetolachlorsaretankmixedwithGRAMOXONE+BASAGRAN.Rainfastintervalis4hours.


183

EarlyPostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)




GramoxoneSL2S(paraquat)Paraquat3S+Storm4EC(bentazon+acifluorfen)

8.0‐16.0floz

5.4‐10.8floz+

1.0‐1.5pt

0.125‐0.25lb

+

0.33‐0.5lb+

0.17‐0.25lb

22614

None

75days

12hours

48hours

Comments: GRAMOXONE is a RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE. Provides effective, broad‐spectrum early seasonweedcontrol.Provides some suppressionof yellownutsedge.AdditionofDUALMAGNUMorOUTLOOK improves contactactivityandprovidesresidualweedsuppression/control,butcouldresultinincreasedfoliarpeanutburn.Applyanytimeupto28daysaftergroundcrack.IncludeNISat1qt/100galspraysolutionwithallPARAQUATtreatments(ExceptforDUAL MAGNUM tank mixes). The success of early postemergence sprays can be greatly improved by 1) applyingherbicidesinaminimumsprayvolumeof15GPA;2)usingflatfannozzles;3)decreasinggroundspeed;and4)usinglowerspraypressures(30PSI).DUALMAGNUM(orgenericMETOLACHLORS)orWARRANTcanbeusedincombinationwith this treatmenttoprovideresidualcontrolofpigweed.ANIS isnotrecommended ifDUALMAGNUMorgenericMETOLACHLORSareusedwithGRAMOXONE+STORM.Rainfastintervalis4hours.

GramoxoneSL2S(paraquat)Paraquat3S+Pursuit2AS(imazethapyr)

8.0‐16.0floz

5.4‐10.8floz+

4.0floz

0.125‐0.25lb

+

0.063lb

222

None

85days

12hours

4hours

Comments: GRAMOXONE is a RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE. Provides effective, broad‐spectrum early seasonweedcontrol.Providessomesuppressionofyellownutsedge.Applyanytimeupto28daysaftergroundcrack.IncludeNISat1qt/100galspraysolutionwithallPARAQUATtreatments.Thesuccessof“at‐crack”sprayscanbegreatlyimprovedby1)applyingherbicidesinaminimumsprayvolumeof15GPA;2)usingspraynozzlesthatproducesmalldroplets;3)decreasinggroundspeed;and4)usinglowerspraypressures(30PSI).DUALMAGNUM(orgenericMETOLACHLORS)orWARRANT can be used in combination with this treatment to provide residual control of pigweed. A NIS is notrecommendedifDUALMAGNUMareusedwithGRAMOXONE+PURSUIT.Rainfastintervalis4hours.

metolachlor(Stalwart,ParallelPCS,Me‐TooLachlor)S‐metolachlor(DualMagnum7.62EC)

1.0‐1.33pt

1.0‐1.33pt

1.0‐1.33lb

0.95‐1.27lb

15

90days 24hours

Comments:ComparedtoPPIandPREtreatments,at‐crackearlypostemergenceapplicationsprovidebettercontrolofnon‐emergedbroadleafweeds,suchas,Palmeramaranth,crabgrass,andFloridapusley.ApplyDUALMAGNUMat1.33to 2.0 pt/a for improved suppression of Florida beggarweed. May be tank‐mixed with PARAQUAT treatments forimprovedcontactactivityand forsuppression/controlofproblembroadleafweedsandnutsedge.Mayalsobe tank‐mixedwithBASAGRAN,BASAGRAN+2,4‐DB,orSTORM.DONOTUSEDUALIIMAGNUMORCINCHFORMULATIONSAFTERPEANUTEMERGENCE.Doapplymorethan2.67pts/A/seasonofPARALLELPCS,STALWART,ME‐TOO‐LACHLORor 2.67 pts/A/season of DUAL MAGNUM. The generic formulations of metolachlor (PARALLEL, PARALLEL PCS,STALWART,ME‐TOO‐LACHLOR)havenotprovidedthesamelengthofresidualcontrolofcertainweedsassimilarratesofDUALMAGNUM.Donotgrazeorfeedpeanutforageorfoddertolivestockfor30daysfollowingapplication.


184

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)

Herbicide

Rate/AcreBroadcast ModeofAction

PreharvestInterval



1.5‐2.0pt 0.75‐1.0lb 6 12days 48hours

Comments:ApplyBASAGRANfromcrackingthroughpeggingforpostemergencecontrolofyellownutsedge,cocklebur,bristlystarbur,smallflowermorningglory,pricklysida,andcertainotherweeds.Treatwhenbroadleafweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing.Adjustrateaccordingtoweedsizeasnotedonlabel.Twoapplicationsmayberequiredforcontrolofyellownutsedge.Foryellownutsedge,includecropoilconcentrateat1qt/A.Donotfoliarlyapplysulfur14daysbeforeorafteruseofCOCtominimizeriskofpeanutfoliageburn.TankmixBASAGRANwith2,4‐DBat0.5pt/Aforimprovedcontrolofmorningglories.Early‐seasonapplicationsofBASAGRANfollowingin‐furrowapplicationsofinsecticidesandnematicidesmaypredisposepeanutstoinjuryfromBASAGRAN.Donotgrazetreatedpeanutfieldsforatleast50daysafterlastBASAGRANapplication.Rainfastintervalis4hours.

Cadre2AS(imazapic)

Impose2AS

4.0floz 0.063lb

2 90days 12hours

Comments:CADREprovidesexcellentcontrolofmanybroadleafandgrassweedsandbothpurpleandyellownutsedge.AddaNIS(1qtper100galofspraysolution)orCOC(1qt/A)tothespraymixture.Applyasanearlypostemergencetreatmentwhenweedsarelessthan2‐3inchesinheight.Underconditionsofheavyweedpressure,applicationsofCadre10‐14daysfollowinganat‐crackingtreatment(PARAQUATcombination)hasresultedinsuperiorweedcontrol.Maybetankmixedwith2,4‐DBforenhancedmorninggloryandsicklepodcontrol.TankmixingPARAQUATwithCADREmayresultinincreasedpeanutinjury.UseofBASAGRANincombinationwithCADREmayresultinreducedweedcontrol.Donottank‐mixwithpostemergencegrassherbicides.Rainfastintervalis3hours.

Classic25DF(chlorimuron)

0.5oz 0.008lb

2

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCLASSIConceperseasonasanover‐the‐toptreatment60daysafterplantingformid‐seasonFloridabeggarweed, sicklepod, and bristly starbur control or suppression. Under favorable conditions‐‐good soil moisture,moderatetemperatures,andhighrelativehumidity.Avoidapplicationsduringperiodsofdrought/heatstressbecauseofpotentialforpoorweedcontrolandcropinjury.ApplicationsofCLASSICmaynotprovideacceptablecontrolofFloridabeggarweedthathasescapedcontrolorisregrowingafterapreviousapplicationofCADRE.Includenonionicsurfactantat1qt/100galsspraysolutionwithallCLASSICapplications.Additionofammoniumsulfate(2lb/A)orfeedgradeurea(2 gal/A) improves activity on bristly starbur. APPLICATIONS OF CLASSIC APPLIED FROM 60 DAYS AFTER CROPEMERGENCETO45DAYSBEFOREHARVESTMAYCAUSEANINCREASEINTSWVSYMPTOMS.Temporaryyellowingofpeanut foliage and reduction of canopy growth may occur. Can be tank‐mixed with BRAVO or 2,4‐DB. However,combinationsofCLASSIC+2,4‐DBresultinsignificantlymorefoliarcropinjurycomparedtoCLASSICalone.DonotuseCLASSIConSpanishorGeorgia‐06Gpeanutvarieties.DonotuseCLASSICwiththecombinationofClassic+2,4‐DBonSouthernRunner.Donottank‐mixCLASSICwithelementalsulfur.Donotgrazetreatedfieldorharvestforforageorhay.Rainfastintervalis1hour.

Cobra2EC(lactofen)

12.5oz 0.20lb

14

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCOBRAafterpeanuts reach the6th true leaf growth stage.UseaCOCat1%v/v (1gal/100gals).Provides good control of small, actively growing pigweeds, morningglories, sicklepod, ragweed, copperleaf, wildpoinsettia,andeclipta.COBRAcanbetank‐mixedwithBASAGRAN,CADRE,PURSUIT,CLASSIC,DUALMAGNUM,INTRRO,OUTLOOK,SELECTMAX,and2,4‐DB.Donotexceed25floz/AofCOBRAperseason.DonotmakesequentialapplicationsofCOBRAwithin14daysofthefirstapplication.DonotmakemorethantwoCOBRAapplicationsperseason.Dousetreatedpeanutfoliageandvinesforfeedorforage.Rainfastintervalis30minutes.


185

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)

Herbicide


PreharvestInterval



8.0‐24.0floz 0.125‐0.375lb

1

40days 12hours

Comments:Forthecontrolofannualandperennialgrassweeds.Donotapplymorethan48oz/A/season.Donotapplymorethan24oz/A/application.Waitaminimumof14daysbetweenapplications.UseaNISat1qtorCOCat1galper100galofspraysolution.FUSILADEDXalsohassomeactivityonbristlystarbur.Donotfeedtreatedplantstolivestockorharvestforlivestockfeed.Rainfastintervalis1hour.

Poast1.5EC(sethoxydim)PoastPlus1.0EC

1.0‐1.5pt

1.5‐2.25pt

0.19‐0.28lb

1

40days 12hours

Comments:Forcontrolofannualandperennialgrasses.Applywhenannualgrassesaresmall(1‐6inches)andactivelygrowing. Under favorable conditions, large Texas panicum can be controlled. For perennial grass control, twoapplicationsareusually required for satisfactorycontrol.AlwaysPOASTwith1qt/ACOC.Tank‐mixtureswithotherbroadleafherbicides,suchas2,4‐DB,STORM,BLAZER,orBASAGRANmayreducegrasscontrol.Donotapplyfoliarsulfur14daysbeforeorafterapplicationtominimizeriskofpeanutfoliageburn.Reducedsprayvolumes(10GPA)mayimprovegrasscontrol.Donotallowlivestocktograzeorbefedtreatedvines.Rainfastintervalis1hour.


4.0floz 0.063lb 2 85days 4hours

Comments: Generally, PURSUIT should be used early postemergence when weeds are extremely small. Controlspigweeds, morningglories, bristly starbur, cocklebur, and spurge. Compared to PPI, PRE, and At Crack/Early POSTtreatments,PURSUITPOSTapplicationsareweakonnutsedge,Floridapusley,Texaspanicum,andgoosegrass.PURSUITmaybetank‐mixedorusedinsequencewithherbicidesapprovedforuseinpeanut.PostemergencecontrolofescapedwildpoinsettiaisgreatlyenhancedincombinationwithPARAQUAT.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedpeanutforage,vines,hay,orstrawtoliverstock.Rainfastintervalis1hour.

Select2EC(clethodim)

SelectMAX0.97EC

6.0‐16.0floz

9.0‐16.0floz

0.094‐0.25lb

1

40days 24hours

Comments:Forcontrolofannualandperennialgrasses.ApplySELECT/SELECTMAXwhengrassesaresmall(<6inches)andactivelygrowing.Underfavorableconditions,largeTexaspanicumandbermudagrasscanbeeffectivelycontrolled.HeavybermudagrasspressureorlargerTexaspanicumwillrequirea2ndapplication.Whentank‐mixingwithabroadleafherbicideorcontrollingperennialgrasses,increaserates(8‐16ozs/A‐SELECT;16‐32oz/A‐SELECTMAX).Donotapplymore than 32 oz/A/year (SELECT) or 64 oz/A/year (SELECT MAX). Always apply with a COC at 1% v/v(SELECT/ARROW).ANIS(0.25%v/v)canbeusedwithSELECTMAXtoreducecropinjurypotential,butmayreducegrasscontrol.ApplySELECTat16‐32floz/AorSELECTMAXat32‐64floz/Aforsuppressionofannualandperennialgrassesexceedingrecommendedheightstoenhanceharvestefficiency.Maybetank‐mixedwithBASAGRAN,BLAZER,STORM,ORTHENE,DANITOL,orFOLICUR.Donottank‐mixwithchlorothalonilproductsorreducedgrasscontrolcanoccur.Rainfastintervalis1hour.

Storm4S(bentazon+acifluorfen)

1.5pt 0.5+

0.25lb

614

75days 48hours

Comments: STORM controls actively growing (<4 inches) annual morningglories, sicklepod, Palmer amaranth,cocklebur,pricklysida,ragweed,eclipta,tropiccroton,andseveralotherbroadleafweedswithlessinjurythanBLAZERalone.DonotmakeasequentialapplicationofULTRABLAZERorSTORMwithin15daysfollowingtheinitialapplicationofSTORM.IncludeNISorCOC.STORMmaybetankmixedwith2,4‐DBandPARAQUAT.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedpeanutforage,vines,hay,orstrawtoliverstock.Rainfastintervalis4hours.


186

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinPeanut(cont)Herbicide


PreharvestInterval



0.45oz 0.024lb

2

30days 12hours

Comments:ApplySTRONGARMfromcrackingtotheinitiationofflowering(budstage),butnolaterthan30daysafterplanting.TheoptimumgrowthstagetoapplySTRONGARMforBenghaldayflowercontrolisatthe1‐to2‐leafgrowthstage and actively growing. Add a non‐ionic surfactant at 1 qt per 100 gal of spray solution for optimum activity.STRONGARMmaybetankmixedwithotherpostemergenceherbicideslabeledforpeanut.Donotapplymore0.45oz/Aof STRONGARM from all use patterns (preemergence, preplant incorporated, and postemergence applications) perseason.STRONGARMmaycausetemporaryyellowingorchlorosisofpeanutfoliageafterapplicationandsymptomswillvaryaccordingtoenvironmentalandcropgrowthfactors.

UltraBlazer2S(acifluorfen)

0.5‐1.5pt 0.125‐0.38lb

14

75days 48hours

Comments:ULTRABLAZERprovidescontrolofmorningglories,tropiccroton,wildradish,andwildpoinsettia.Adjustuserateaccordingtoweedsizeandspeciesasnotedonthe label.Use1.0pt/Aor less forcontrolofhighlysensitivespecies,suchashempsesbaniaandshowycrotalaria.Slighttomoderatepeanutfoliageburnmayresult.Donotapplymorethan2pt/Aperseasonasapostemergencetreatment.ApplywithNISat1qt/100galspraysolution(0.25%v/v).Allowaminimumof15daysbetweensequentialapplications.Maybetank‐mixedwith2,4‐DB(1pt/A).ULTRABLAZER+ 2,4‐DB tank mixture is generally more injurious to peanuts than either product alone. May be tank‐mixed withBASAGRANforcontrolofbroadleafweedssuchasmorningglories,cocklebur,andpricklysida.Donotusetreatedpeanutvinesforfeedorforage.Rainfastintervalis4hours.


1.25‐2.0qt 1.125‐1.5lb

15

90days 12hours

Comments: WARRANT provides residual control of small seeded broadleaves (including ALS‐resistant Palmeramaranth) and grasses. Apply after crop emergence up to right before flowering but before weeds germinate. TheoptimumrateofWARRANTis3pt/A.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.Allowatleast7daysbetweensequential applications.WARRANTmaybe tankmixedwithGRAMOXONE, FIRESTORM,PARAZONE, CADRE, COBRA,PARAQUAT,STORM,ULTRABLAZER,or2,4‐DBtoexpandspectrumofweedcontrolorforcontrolofemergedweedsattimeofapplication.EnvironmentalconditionsthatfollowapplicationofWARRANTincludingcold,wetsoilsorsaturatedconditionsfromexcessiverainmayresultincropinjury.

Zidua0.85WG(pyroxasulfone)

1.5‐2.1oz 0.080‐0.112lb

15

None 12hours

Comments:ApplyZIDUAtopeanutsfromat‐crackingtothe1sttrifoliategrowthstagethroughpodformationforresidualcontrolofweedsgerminatingafterapplication.Tankmixpartnersinclude,butarenotlimitedto,BASAGRAN,CADRE,OUTLOOK,POAST,PROWLH2O,PURSUIT,and/orPARAQUAT.ZIDUAmaybetankmixedorappliedsequentiallywithfungicideand/or insecticideproducts labeled forpeanuts. IfanadditionalapplicationofZIDUA isneededduring thegrowingseason,thenthemaximumcombinedratesfromallapplicationscannotexceed5.0oz/Aperseason.Sequentialapplicationsneedtobeseparatedbyatleast14days.

2,4‐DB1.75S2,4‐DB2.0S

14‐28floz

13‐26floz

0.19‐0.38lb

0.20‐0.40lb

4 45‐60days*

48hours

Comments:Apply2,4‐DBasanover‐the‐top treatment forbroadleafweedcontrol.Use ratesandapplication timingvaries by specific product label. For control of annual morningglories, sicklepod, prickly sida, cocklebur, and hempsesbania,apply2,4‐DBwhenweedsarelessthan4inchesinheight.Asecondapplicationmaybenecessary,butdonotmakemorethan2applicationsperseason.Donotapplyifpeanutsareunderdroughtstress.2,4‐DBmaybeappliedfrom2weeksafterplantingupto12weeksafterplanting.2,4‐DBmaybetankmixedwithfungicideslabeledforpeanuts.Donottank‐mixwithpostemergencegrassherbicides.Donotfeedtreatedpeanutvinesorpeanuthaytolivestock.*Refertoproductlabelforspecificpreharvestinterval.Rainfastintervalis1hour.


187

Non‐SelectiveApplicatorforPeanut

Herbicide


PreharvestInterval


Gramoxone2SL(paraquat)

0.67pt 0.25lb

22

15days 12hours

Comments:Paraquat isaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Mix1partPARAQUATwith2partswatertopreparea33%solution.Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat0.25%v/vofthefinishedvolume.Applyupto2pt/Aoftheherbicide:watermixture.Applythroughanon‐selectiveapplicator,suchasrecirculatingropeorcarpetroller,forsuppressionand/orcontrolofALS‐resistantPalmeramaranthand/ortopreventseedproduction(applicationmustbemadebeforeappearanceofseedheads). Make application when target weed(s) have sufficient height differential with the peanut canopy and setequipment tominimize dripping. Lowground speed (5mph or less) enhances coverage and activity of PARAQUAT.Rainfastintervalis30minutes.

HarvestAidsforPeanut

Herbicide


PreharvestInterval



1.0‐2.0oz 0.016‐0.031lb

14

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMforlate‐seasondesiccation/defoliationoftroublesomebroadleafweedspresentatharvest.AIMislesseffectiveonsmallflowermorningglory.UseincombinationwitheitheraNIS(0.25%v/v)orCOC(1%v/v).Coverageisessentialforsatisfactoryperformance.AIMmaycausepeanutleafspottingorburning.Useatleast15GPAforoptimumresults.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedpeanuthaytolivestock.Only1applicationperseasonispermitted.Rain‐freeperiodis6to8hours.

HerbicideProgramsforControlofBenghalDayflowerinPeanut

Program1a)PreemergenceImmediatelyAfterPlanting(beforeBENGHALDAYFLOWERisemerged):ApplyValor@3oz/A+DualMagnumorgenericmetolachlor(Stalwart,ParallelPCS,Me‐Too‐Lachlor)@1pt/AorWarrant@3pt/A,followedby:b)PostemergenceapplicationwhenBENGHALDAYFLOWERis1‐2”tall:ApplyCadre/Impose2L@4oz/A+DualMagnumorgenericmetolachlor(Stalwart,ParallelPCS,Me‐Too‐Lachlor)@1pt/A.Program2a)EarlyPostemergence(before28daysafterpeanutcracking):ApplyGramoxoneSL@12oz/AorFirestorm/Parazone@8oz/A+Stormat1pt/A+DualMagnumorothergenericmetolachlorproduct@1pt/AorWarrant@3pt/A,followedby:b)POST(2‐3weeksafterat‐crackspray,butbeforeBENGHALDAYFLOWERis1‐2”tall)):ApplyCadre@4oz/A+DualMagnumorgenericmetolachlor(Stalwart,ParallelPCS,Me‐Too‐Lachlor)@1pt/A.*WhenusingDualMagnumorgenericmetolachlorPOSTincombinationwithCadre/Impose,Gramoxone/Firestorm,orStrongarm,additionalsprayadjuvants(NIS,COC)arenotnecessary.


188

ApplicationTimingandGrowthStagesforGrassHerbicidesinPeanut

FusiladeDX Poast PoastPlus Select SelectMax

MaximumRate/A/Season 48oz 2.5pt 3.75pt 32oz 64ozMaximumRate/A/Application

24oz 1.5pt 2.25pt 16oz 32oz

broadleafsignalgrass 12oz(2‐4”)

1.0pt(upto8”)

1.5pt(upto8”)

6‐8oz(2‐6”)

9‐16oz(2‐6”)

crabgrass 12oz(1‐2”)

1.0pt(upto6”)

1.5pt(upto6”)

6‐8oz(2‐6”)

9‐16oz(2‐6”)

crowfootgrass‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐weednotfoundonlabel‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

6‐8oz(2‐6”)

9‐16oz(2‐6”)

sandbur 12oz(2‐4”)

1.25pt(upto3’)

1.875pt(upto3”)

6‐8oz(2‐6”)

9‐16oz(2‐6”)

goosegrass 8oz(2‐4”)

1.0pt(upto6”)

1.5pt(upto6”)

6‐8oz(2‐6”)

9‐16oz(2‐6”)

fallpanicum 12oz(2‐6”)

1.0pt(upto8”)

1.5pt(upto8”)

6‐8oz(2‐8”)

9‐16oz(2‐8”)

Texaspanicum 12oz(2‐8”)

1.0pt(upto8”)

1.5pt(upto8”)

6‐8oz(2‐6”)

9‐16oz(2‐6”)

rhizomejohnsograss 12‐24oz(1st)(8‐18”)

8‐24oz(2nd)(6‐12”)

1.5pt(1st)(upto25”)

1.0pt(2nd)(upto12”)

2.25pt(1st)(upto25”)

1.5pt(2nd)(upto12”)

8‐16oz(1st)(12‐24”)

6‐8oz(2nd)(6‐18”)

12‐32oz(1st)(12‐24”)

9‐24oz(2nd)(6‐18”)

bermudagrass 12‐24oz(1st)(4‐8”

runners)

8‐24oz(2nd)(4‐8”

runners)

1.5pt(1st)(upto6”stolon)

1.0pt(2nd)(upto4”stolon)

2.25pt(1st)(upto6”stolon

1.5pt(2nd)(upto4”stolon

8‐16oz(1st)(3‐6”

runners)

8‐16oz(2nd)(3‐6”runners

12‐32oz(1st

app)(3‐6”runners)

12‐32oz(2nd)(3‐6”runners)


189

PEANUTINSECTMANAGEMENTDanAnco,ExtensionPeanutSpecialist

See the following tables for insect control recommendations, active ingredient concentrations and useprecautions.Inmanycases,controllingpeanutvolunteersinrotationyearshelpspreventinsectpopulationbuildupanddamageinthefollowingyear.Thripscauseseriouscropstuntingandyieldlossfrombothdirectfeedingandvirustransmission(tomatospottedwilt).AllcommercialpeanutsplantedinS.C.shouldbetreatedatplantingwithapreventativein‐furrowinsecticide(Thimet20G).AdmireProin‐furrow(10floz)canalsobeusedforthripscontrol;however,sinceAdmireProoftenincreasesvirus, it benefits from being paired with highly virus‐resistant varieties (e.g., Bailey, Sullivan, TifNV‐High O/L).ImmediatefoliarapplicationofOrtheneisrecommendedifin‐furrowtreatmentfailstopreventthripsstunting.PotatoleafhopperfeedingcausespeanutleafletstoturnyellowatthetipinaV‐shapedpattern(hopperburn).Thischloroticsymptomisoftenconfusedwithnutrientdeficiency.Hopperburntypicallybeginsonfieldborders.If15to20%oftheentirefieldbecomesaffectedandadultsarestillpresent,treatbymixingarecommendedinsecticideinwiththenextfungicideapplication.Bailey,Sugg,SullivanandWynneareparticularlysusceptible.Threecorneredalfalfahoppersaregreen,wedge‐shapedinsectsthatfeedbypiercingpeanutlaterals,stems,andleafpetioles.Thecircularfeedingpatternformsagirdlearoundthestemwhichblockstheflowofplantsugars.Girdlesmaycausetheaffectedbranchoftheplanttowiltandevensnapoffifbent.Plantsoftenputoutabove‐ground(adventitious)rootsatthewoundsiteonlowerstems.InSC,girdlingactivityincreasessignificantlyinJuly.Theriskofeconomicinjuryisapparentlygreateronrunnertypeswithsmallplantsize.Pyrethroidinsecticidesareeffectiveagainsthoppers,butthesecanflaresecondarypestproblemslikespidermitesthatcanbemoredamaging.

SoilInsects:Lessercornstalkborersattackpods,pegs,lateralstemsandthecrownatthesoillineduringextendeddroughtstress.Fieldswithlightersoilsareparticularlyvulnerable.Inadditiontolossesfromdirectinjury,LCBdamageisassociatedwith increasedwhitemoldandaflatoxinlevelsduetothewounds itcauses.RapidcanopyclosureandreducedsoiltemperatureslowerLCBrisk.Irrigationisthebestdefenseagainstlessercornstalkborer.GranularLorsban(13lb/A)canbeappliedatpodset(about50–55DAP)tohighriskfields(sandysoilsunderdroughtstress).About1/4"rain/irrigationisneededwithin10daysofapplicationforLorsbantobeeffective.Lorsbanalsoreducespoddamagefromwireworm,burrowerbugs,andsoutherncornrootwormfeeding.Unfortunately,Lorsbankillspredatoryinsectsandcausesoutbreaksofcornearworm,granulatecutwormandspidermitesunderdroughtstresslaterintheseason.Late fall tillage before planting covers can help reduce butwill not eliminate LCBwinter survival. LCB damage istypicallylesssevereunderreduced‐tillage.Burrowerbugsprimarilyattackreduced‐tillagepeanutfieldsunderdroughtstress.Theseareessentiallyundergroundstinkbugswhichfeeddirectlyonkernelsbypiercingpodswiththeirneedle‐likemouthparts.Inadditiontodirectyieldandgradeloss(reducedkernelweight),burrowerbugdamagecanleadtoSeg.IIloadsandincreasedaflatoxinlevels(Seg.III).Irrigationisalsothebestdefenseagainstburrowerbuginjury.Latefalltillagecanhelpreducebutwillnoteliminateburrowerbugwintersurvival.Lorsbanapplicationcansignificantlyreduceburrowerbugdamagebutmustbeappliedpreventatively(July).Lorsbanisnotroutinelyrecommendedformanagingburrowerbug(seeLCBcommentsaboveaboutassociatedoutbreaks).Wirewormsareimmatureorlarvalstagesofclickbeetlesthatcommonlyfeedonpeanutpods.Althoughwirewormsarecapableofcausingsignificantinjury,thusfareconomicdamagetopeanuthasbeenminimalunderS.C.conditions.TheonlypracticaltreatmentforwirewormsispreventativeLorsbanapplication.Southerncornrootwormistheimmaturestageoftheeleven‐spottedcucumberbeetle.Thiswormtunnelsintopeanutpodsunderhighsoilmoistureconditions,usuallyinmoreorganicsoilssuchasfoundinbottomareas,particularlyunderirrigation.RootworminjuryhasbeenarelativelyminorconcernthusfarunderS.C.conditions.

FoliageCaterpillars:Cornearwormisthemostcommonfoliagefeedinginsectonpeanuts.Cornearwormsusuallyappearinpeanutfields


190

duringthelastweekofJulyorfirstweekofAugustafterthemothsemergefromcornfields.Cornearwormsinitiallyfeedinplantterminals,thenblooms,olderleavesandpegsastheymature.Itisdifficulttoseparatecornearwormfromtobaccobudwormwiththenakedeye;severalnon‐pyrethroidproductsareeffectiveonboth.Fallarmywormsarenotusuallyaneconomicproblemonpeanut,buttheycanoccur inveryhighnumbersduringoutbreakyears.Infestationstypicallyoccurinmid‐August,acoupleweeksaftercornearwormsfirstappear.GranulatecutwormcandefoliatesmallplantsinJuneandcanalsobeaproblemlateinAugustwhereLorsbanwaspreviouslyusedbecauseLorsbankillsfireantsandotherpredators.GranulatecutwormshavedistinctiveChevronor“sergeantstripe”markingsalongtheback.Granulatecutwormsinitiallyfeedonblooms,thenleaves,pegsandpodsastheymature.Duringthedaycutwormscanbefoundcurledupundershedleavesandotherorganicmatteronthesoilsurface.Thelarvaeclimbuptheplantatnighttofeed.Symmetricalfeedingdamage(fromfeedingwhentheleavesarefoldedatnight)isacluetolookforgranulatecutwormsonandinthesoil.Velvetbeancaterpillars canrapidlydefoliate latematuringpeanutsduring lateSeptemberorOctober insoutherncoastalplaincountiesofS.C,especiallyJasper,Hampton,AllendaleandColletoncounties.Velvetbeancaterpillarsrangefromlightgreentoalmostblack.Akeycharacteristicismediumtolargewormsthrashviolentlywhenhandled.Mothslandwiththeirwingsoutandhavealinethatstretcheswingtiptowingtip.Theyareeasytocontrol.

ScoutingforFoliageCaterpillars:Usea3'shakeclothtolookforwormsstartingthelastweekofJuly.Workthedowelhandleupunderlateralstemstotheplantcrownandbendtheothersideoftheplantsoverthecloth.Beatdownvigorously15timestoknockwormsontothecloth.Shaketheplants,bendthembackoutofthewayandcountthewormsonthecloth.Alsocountwormsundertheclothonbothsidesoftherowtocalculateworms/rowft.Checkatleastthreeareas/field.Rank‐growing,unstressedpeanutswithaclosedcanopycantolerate8foliagefeedingwormsperrowft.Thetreatmentthresholdis4wormsperrowftonstressedplantswhichhavenotlappedthemiddleorwhereLorsbanhaspreviouslybeenapplied.Runnervarietieswithslowgrowingcanopiescanbemoresusceptibletodirectinjuryfromfoliagefeeding.Weedcontrolmayalsobeaffectedbydelayedcanopyclosureonrunnervarieties.Irrigation,vigorouscanopygrowth,andavoidanceofunnecessaryearlyseasoninsecticideapplicationsarethebestdefenseagainstfoliage‐feedingworms.SpidermitescandamagedroughtstressedpeanutsinAugustandSeptember.Stressedfieldsshouldbespotcheckedforyellow“hits” indicatingwheremitesarefeeding.Spidermitescanbeseenwithahand lensontheundersideofleaflets.Webbingmaybepresentwithheavyinfestation.Thesetwospottedspidermitesgettheirnamefromthetwospots (one on each side) on their body. Mite suppression requires ground application, thorough coverage, andpotentially a second application in 5‐7 days. Lorsban or pyrethroid application greatly increases the risk of miteoutbreaks.Irrigationisthebestdefenseagainstspidermiteinjury.


191

PEANUTINSECTCONTROLSucking/Piercing/RaspingPests

Insect Product Rate/A CommentsThripsIn‐furrow

Thimet20GAdmireProVelumTotalAgLogic15G

4.7lb(38”rows)

10floz

18floz

7lb

Preventativein‐furrowthripscontrolisamustonallpeanutsplantedinS.C.MaximumlabeledThimetrateis5.5oz/1,000rowft,equivalentto4.7lb/Aon38”,5.0lbon36”,and6.0lbon30”rows.Twinrows:use3.5oz/1,000rowftineachrow,whichequals6.0lb/Aon38”centers.AdmireProandVelumTotalcontrolthripsbutusuallyincreasetomatospottedwiltvirus.Useonlyonhighlyvirus‐resistantvarieties(e.g.,Bailey,Sugg,Sullivan).Twinrows:maxlabeledrateforAdmireProis10.5floz/A/season.Splitting5flozintoeachrowwillusuallyrequirefollowupwithfoliarOrtheneforadequatethripssuppression.

ThripsFoliar

ExirelOrthene75SOrthene97SPDiamond0.83EC

13.5‐20.5floz0.5‐1.0lb

0.375‐0.75lb6‐12floz

ApplyfoliarOrtheneimmediatelyifin‐furrowtreatmentsdonotpreventthripsstunting.Diamondsuppressesimmaturethrips;itwillnotcontroladults.Exirelatcrackingforthripssuppression.

Leafhoppers Besiege1.25SC*Orthene75SOrthene97SPPyrethroidsAsanaXL0.66ECBaythroidXL1ECBrigade2ECDeclare1.25CSKarateZ2.08CSMustangMax0.8ECProaxis0.5CS

5.0‐8.0floz0.6‐1.0lb0.5‐0.75lb

3.9floz

1.0‐1.8floz2.1‐6.4floz1‐1.5floz1.0‐1.6floz1.75‐4floz1.9‐3.2floz

HopperburnstartsonfieldbordersusuallyinJune‐July.Treatifhopperburnisspreadingacrossthefieldandapproaching15‐20%symptomaticleaflets.BaileyandSuggvarietiesareparticularlysusceptibletohopperburn.*Besiegeisapyrethroid+diamidemix.Forcontrolofbothhoppersandworms,usewormratesbelow.

Spidermites ComiteIIOmite30WS

2.25pt3‐5lb

Usegroundapplication,20gal/Aat40‐60psi.Repeatappl.after5‐7days.Lorsbanorpyrethroidscancausemite outbreaks. Avoid unnecessaryworm insecticidesto reduce mite risk. Irrigation is the best mitedefense. Use of pyrethroids labeled for spider mitecontrol(e.g.,Danitol)isnotrecommended.

Three‐corneredalfalfahopper

Besiege1.25SC*Orthene75SOrthene97SPPyrethroidsBaythroidXL1ECBrigade2ECDeclare1.25CSKarateZ2.08CS

5.0‐8.0floz0.65lb0.5lb

1.8‐2.4floz2.1‐6.4floz0.8‐1.3floz1.0‐1.6floz

Treatat45‐60daysafterplantingtopreventinjury.*Besiegeisapyrethroid+diamidemix.Forcontrolofbothhoppersandworms,usewormratesbelow.


192

FoliageFeedingWorms

Insect Product Rate/A Comments

Beetarmyworm,Fallarmyworm,Soybeanlooper

Besiege1.25SCBlackhawk 36 WDGCoragen1.67SCExirel0.83SEDiamond0.83ECIntrepidEdge3FPrevathon0.43SCRadiant1SCSteward1.25SC

6‐10floz1.7‐3.3oz3.5‐5.0floz13.5‐20.5floz6‐12floz4‐8floz14‐20floz3‐8floz

9.2‐11.3floz

Unstressed plants with a large, closed canopy cantolerate8totalworms/rowft.Treatifpopulationsreach4/rowftondroughtstressed,unlappedpeanutsoronfieldspreviouslytreatedwithLorsban.Fallarmywormattacks peanut in outbreak years frommid‐August toearlySeptember.Loopersseldomsignificantlydefoliatepeanuts by themselves but typically occurwith otherdefoliators.IfBesiegeorCoragenareusedforloopersorbeetarmyworms,usethemaximumlabeledrate.Exirelnotlabeledforbeetarmyworm.

Cornearworm

Besiege1.25SCBlackhawk36WDGCoragen1.67SCExirel0.83SEIntrepidEdge3FLannate2.4LVLannate90SPPrevathon0.43SCRadiant1SCSteward1.25SCPyrethroidsAsanaXL0.66ECBaythroidXL1ECBrigade2ECDanitol2.4ECDeclare1.25CS

6‐10floz1.7‐3.3oz3.5‐5.0floz10‐20.5floz4‐8floz12‐18floz0.25‐0.38lb14‐20floz3‐8floz

9.2‐11.3floz

3.9‐5.8floz1.8‐2.4floz2.1‐6.4floz10.6‐16floz1.0‐1.5floz

Samethresholdasforbeetarmyworm.Peanutscanoftenwithstandsignificantdefoliation(atleast30%)priortopegging.Wehavenotmeasuredanyyieldresponsetotreatingearlyseasonearworminfestations.However,weedcontrolonsmallcanopyrunnersmaybeaffectedbydelayedcanopyclosure.Cornearwormisdifficulttoseparatefromtobaccobudwormwiththenakedeye;severalnon‐pyrethroidproductsareeffectiveagainstboth.

KarateZ2.08CSMustangMax0.8ECProaxis

1.3‐1.9floz3.2‐4floz2.5‐3.8floz

Tobaccobudworm

Besiege1.25SCBlackhawk 36 WDGCoragen1.67SCExirel0.83SEIntrepidEdge3FPrevathon0.43SCSteward1.25SC

6‐10floz1.7‐3.3oz3.5‐

5.0floz10‐20.5floz4‐8floz14‐20floz9.2‐11.3floz

Samethresholdasforbeetarmyworm.Peanutscanwithstandsignificantdefoliation(atleast30%)priortopegging.Wehavenotmeasuredanyyieldresponsetotreatingearlyseasonbudworminfestations.However,weedcontrolonsmallcanopyrunnersmaybeaffectedbydelayedcanopyclosure.Seecornearwormcomment.

Velvetbeancaterpillar

Besiege1.25SCBlackhawk36WDGCoragen1.67SCDiamond0.83ECDimilin2LIntrepidEdge3FPrevathon0.43SCRadiant1SCPyrethroidsAsanaXL0.66ECBaythroidXL1ECBrigade2ECDanitol2.4EC

5‐8floz1.7‐3.3oz3.5‐5.0floz6‐8floz2.0floz4‐8floz14‐20floz3‐8floz

3.9‐5.8floz1.8‐2.4floz2.1‐6.4floz10.6‐16floz

Velvetbeancaterpillarisalateseasonpest(Sep‐Oct)thatcandefoliatepeanutsquickly.Thispestisusuallyeasytocontrolbutoftenmisidentifiedasanarmyworm,leadingtounnecessarytreatmentcost.AddingDimilin2L(2floz/A)tothelastfungicidetreatmentwillpreventVBCinhighriskareas(southerncoastalplaincounties).DonotuseDimilintocontrolestablishedpopulations.Note:Stewardisoneofthefewinsecticidesthatwillnotcontrolvelvetbeancaterpillar.


193

FoliageFeedingWorms(cont)

Insect Product Rate/A Comments

Velvetbeancaterpillar(continued)

PyrethroidsDeclare1.25CSKarateZ2.08CSMustangMax0.8ECProaxis0.5CS

1.0‐1.5floz1.3‐1.9floz1.3‐4floz2.5‐3.8floz

SoilInsectsBurrowerbug,Lessercornstalkborer,Southerncornrootworm,Wireworms

Lorsban15GLessercornstalkborerandsoutherncornrootworm:Besiege1.25SCDiamond0.83ECWirewormsonly:Lorsban4E(atplanting)Lessercornstalkboreronly:Exirel0.83SE

13.3lb

10floz6‐12floz

4pt

13.5‐20.5floz

ApplyLorsban15Gwitha5”banderdirectlyover therowthefirstweekofJuly.Somerain(~0.2”)isneededwithin10‐14daysofapplicationtobeeffective.Lorsbanoften causes spider mite and worm outbreaks.Burrowerbug injuryalmostalwaysoccurs in reducedtillagefieldsunderseverelateseason(AugtoearlySep)drought stress. Lesser cornstalk borer injury onlyoccursunderseveredroughtstress.Irrigationisthebestdefenseagainstburrowerbugorlessercornstalkborerinjury.CurrentdataislimitedonBesiege,DiamondandExirelefficacyonlessercornstalkborer–applyatfirstsignsoffeedingtobeforepestsreachdamaginglevels.

Granulatecutworm

Besiege1.25SCCoragen1.67SCExirel0.83SEPrevathon0.43SCSteward1.25SC

8‐10floz4‐5.0floz

13.5‐20.5floz20floz

9.2‐11.3floz

Treatifdefoliationexceeds30%onsmallplantsinJuneor about 50‐55 DAP. Previous Lorsban treatmenttriggers cutworm outbreaks in August. Granulatecutwormsarenowresistanttopyrethroids.

Note:therearemanygenericinsecticidebrands,particularlyforpyrethroids.Forequivalentratescompareactiveingredientconcentrationstothefollowingtable.Alsoseepre‐harvestintervalanduseprecautions.Thelabelisthelaw.Alwaysreadandfollowallpesticidelabelrestrictions.


194

PEANUTINSECTICIDEACTIVEINGREDIENTS&USEPRECAUTIONS

ActiveingredientBrandnameandformulation

IRAC*Group

PHI(Days) Comments

Acephate Orthene75SOrthene97SP

1B 14 Donotfeedorgraze.

Aldicarb AgLogic15G 1A 90 Donotfeedorgraze.Donotexceed17lb/A/season.

Chlorpyrifos Lorsban15G 1B 21 Donotexceed26.6lb/A/season.Diamides Chlorantraniliprole Coragen1.67SC 28 1 Donotexceed4appl.perseasonor0.2lba.i.of Prevathon0.43SC 28 1 chlorantraniliproleperacre/season.Chlorantraniliprole+lambda‐cyhalothrin

Besiege1.25SC 283A

14 Donotexceed31oz/A/season.

Cyantraniliprole Exirel0.83SE 28 14 Donotexceed0.4lba.i.peracreperyear.Diflubenzuron Dimilin2L 15 28 Donotexceed3appl.perseason.Imidacloprid AdmirePro4.6F

VelumTotal2.17F4A 14 Increasestomatospottedwiltvirus;useonlyon

highlyresistantvarieties.Donotfeedorgraze.Indoxycarb Steward1.25SC 22 14 Donotexceed45floz/A/season.Methomyl Lannate2.4LV

Lannate90SP1A 21 Donotfeedorgraze.

Methoxyfenozide+spinetoram

IntrepidEdge3F 185

7 Donotexceed3appl./season.Max1lbmethoxyfenozideor0.188lbspinetoram/A/season.Donotfeedorgraze.

Novaluron Diamond0.83EC 15 28 Donotexceed36floz/A/season.Donotfeedorgraze.

Phorate Thimet20G 1B 90 Donotexceed5.5oz/1000rowftor7.5lb/A.Donotfeedorgraze.

Propargite ComiteII6ECOmite30WS

12C 14 Donotexceed2appl.perseason.Donotfeedorgraze.

Pyrethroids Beta‐cyfluthrin BaythroidXL1EC 3A 14 Donotexceed0.066lbai/A/season.

Bifenthrin Brigade2EC 14 Donotexceed0.5lbai/A/season.Donotfeedorgraze.

Esfenvalerate AsanaXL0.66EC 21 Donotfeedorgraze.Fenpropathrin Danitol2.4EC 14 Donotfeedforageorhaywithin14daysoftreatment.

Donotexceed2.66pt/A/season.Gamma‐cyhalothrin Declare1.25CS

Proaxis0.5CS14 Donotexceed0.38pt/A(Declare)or0.96pt/season

(Proaxis).Lambda‐cyhalothrin KarateZ2.08CS 14 Donotfeedorgraze.Zetamethrin MustangMax0.8EC 7 Donotexceed0.15lbai/A/season.

Donotfeedorgraze.Spinetoram Radiant1SC 5 3 Donotexceed3appl.perseason.

Donotfeedorgraze.Spinosad Blackhawk36WDG 5 3 Donotexceed9floz/A/season.*IRACgroupnumber(InsecticideResistanceActionCommittee)indicatesmodeofaction.Repeatedpestexposuretothesamemodeofactionincreasestheriskofinsecticideresistance.Note:therearemanygenericinsecticidebrands,particularlyforpyrethroids.Forequivalentgenericratescompareactiveingredientconcentrationstothistable.Thelabelisthelaw.Alwaysreadandfollowallpesticidelabelrestrictions.


195

PEANUTDISEASEMANAGEMENTDanAnco,ExtensionPeanutSpecialist

SeedlingDiseases:Allpeanutseedshouldbetreatedwithafungicidetoreducetheincidenceofseed‐transmittedandsoilborneseedlingdiseases such as Aspergillus crown rot, Cylindrocladium, Pythium and Rhizoctonia. Dynasty PD (mefenoxam +fludioxonil+azoxystrobin),RanconaVPD(ipconazole+carboxin+metalaxyl),VitavaxPC(Captan+PCNB+carboxin),TrilexStar(Captan+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl+thiophanate‐methyl),andTrilexOptimum(Captan+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl)seedtreatmentsarealleffectiveinreducingseedlingdiseaseandprotectingstandcounts.Adequatestandcountsreducetheriskoftomatospotwiltvirus.Tomatospottedwiltvirus(TSWV):Thisvirusistransmittedtopeanutsbythrips,primarilytobaccothrips.TSWVstuntsplants,reducesyieldandcausesshriveled,misshapenpods.AllpeanutfieldsinS.C.arevulnerabletoyieldlossfromTSWVregardlessofwhetherthefarmhasanyhistoryofpeanutproduction.A6‐stepprogramisrecommendedtoreduceTomatoSpottedWilt:UsingmoreofthesetogetherwillimprovechancesofminimizingTSWVriskandyieldloss.

1. VarietalResistance–VarietieswithpartialresistancetoTSWVarelistedinthevarietycharacteristic

chartofthepeanutproductionguide.Novarietyisimmune.

2. PlantingDateWindow–Earlyplanting(LateApril–10May)hasgreaterriskofvirusinfection,butwithlargeacreage,wemuststartplantingthefirstweekofMay.Lateplanting(1June)mayalsoincreasevirusrisk.

3. PlantPopulation/SeedingRate–Thegoalisauniformlyemergedstandof4plantsper row ft.Plant6 seeds/row ft (orat least5/row ft for largeseededVirginia types) intogoodsoilmoisture.Uniformemergenceandvigorousearlygrowthreducevirusrisk.

4. InsecticideTreatment–Applyin‐furrowtreatmentsofThimet20G(4.7lb/Aon38”rows)toallfields.Seeinsecticidetableforphorateratesbyrowspacing.AdmirePro(10flozin‐furrow)orVelumTotal(18floz/A)tankmixedwithinoculantisanalternativeforpreventingthripsstuntingunderlowvirusrisk (e.g., Bailey, Sullivan). However, imidacloprid (Admire Pro or Velum Total) usually increasesseverityofvirusinfections.Ifthripsarestuntingpeanutseedlings,treatimmediatelywithacephate:Orthene75S(0.5‐1.0lb/A)orOrthene97SP(6‐12oz/A).

5. Strip‐tillage – Surface crop residue reduces the number of thrips landing in peanut fields, in turnreducingvirusinfection.

6. Twin‐rowplanting–fastergroundcoverreducesvirusrisk.Twin‐rowplantingrequiresaspecializedplanter.

TomatoSpottedWiltmanagementismostlyoverwhentheplanterleavesthefield.


196

LateLeafSpot:FoliardiseasecontrolprogramsforS.C.aretargetedprimarilyatlateleafspot(Cercosporidiumpersonatum)becausethisdiseasemostconsistentlycauseseconomicloss.Lateleafspotsporescanbecarriedformanymilesinthewindandthereforeanyfieldisatsomeriskregardlessofpeanuthistory.However,fieldhistorygreatlyaffectslateleafspotriskbecauseleafspotsporespersistonpeanutresidueinthesoil.Allfieldsshouldberotatedoutofpeanutforaminimumoftwoyearstoreducelateleafspotpressure.Adjacentfieldswhichhadpoorlateleafspotcontrolattheendofthepreviousseasoncanalsobeasourceofsignificantinfection,especiallyifupwind.Fortunately,otherrowcropsandweedsarenotsignificanthostsforlateleafspot.Lateleafspotisdiagnosedbytheblacksporesontheundersideofdarkbrowntoblacklesionsonleaves.Yellowhalosmayormaynotsurroundlateleafspotlesions.Other foliar fungal diseases include early leaf spot, pepper spot,web blotch and rust. There are also severalphysiological leaf spot symptomswhichcommonlyoccur,often in response to stress, suchas “irregular leafspot”.Physiologicalleafspotsdonotrespondtofungicidesandcanbedifficulttodistinguishfromfungaldiseasesinthefield.The best and simplestmanagement approach is that if our fungicide program is good enough to prevent themostcommonandaggressivedisease(lateleafspot),thenwewillusuallybeOKontheotherfoliardiseases.Riskfactorsforlateleafspot:

Shortrotations(lessthan2yearsoutofpeanuts) Highlysusceptiblevariety(e.g.,Virginiatypes,Georgia13M,Spain,TUFRunner511) Lateplanting(May26andlater) Poorcontrolofvolunteerpeanutsinrotationalcrops Poorendofseasoncontroloflateleafspotinanadjacentupwindfieldthepreviousyear Startingfungicideprogramsanylaterthan45DAP;betterearlythanlate Extendingsprayintervalsbeyond15days Repeated,frequentperiodsofleafwetness:excessiverain,frequentirrigation Rainoffimmediatelyafterapplication–wait24htoirrigate Consecutiveuseoffungicideswiththesamemodeofaction(exceptchlorothalonil)

EarlySeasonProtection:ApplicationofProline,Propulse,orVelumTotalin‐furrowatplantingcanhelpcontributeearly‐seasonsuppressionofleafspots.ImportanceofChlorothalonil(Bravoandgenerics):Chlorothalonil is the foundationofpeanut leaf spot controlprogramsbecauseitistheonlyproductproventohavemultiplemodesofactiontoreducetheriskofdevelopingleafspotresistance.Multiplesequentialchlorothalonilapplicationshavebeenusedforover40yearswithoutresistancedevelopment. Alternating or tank mixing chlorothalonil with other products can delay development of resistancetowardsthosealternativecompounds.Chlorothalonilinthelastspray(105or120DAP)canalsohelppreventresistantleafspotstrainsfromoverwinteringandcausinginfectioninthefollowingyear.SlowingaGrowingLeafSpotEpidemic:Effectivefungicideprogramsaredesignedtopreventdisease,not“cure”itafterthefact.Ifsomethinggoeswrongandyoufindlateleafspotlesionsinthebottomofthecanopy(particularlywith>30daysuntilharvest)treatimmediatelywithTopsin4.5FL10floz+1.5ptBravo,ProvostOpti10.7oz+Bravo1.5pt,orPriaxor8floz.Retreatin10days.WhiteMold:Whitemold(Sclerotiumrolfsii)isthemostconsistentlydamagingsoildiseaseunderS.C.conditions.Thisfungusinvadespeanutlateralbranchesincontactwiththesoil,aswellaspodsandpegs.Whitemoldinfectionsaredrivenprimarilybyhighsoiltemperaturesandhumidity.Dryweatheroffersnoprotectionfromwhitemold.Droughtcanpreventinfectionfrombeingnoticedaboveground,butinfectionundergroundonpegsandpodscancontinuewhereitmaynotbenoticeduntilharvest.Ourmostseverewhitemoldoutbreaksoftenoccurunderdroughtwithexcessivecanopytemperatures.Symptomsincludedarkbrownlesionsonstemsandpods,rottedpodsandpegs,wiltingofindividualormultiplestemsandplantdeath.Unlessseverelyinfected,taprootsgenerallyremainintactandflexiblewithwhitemold,whereasCBRinfectiondecaystaprootsmuchquicker.Signs:MyceliumofS. rolfsii iswhite and produces a fan‐like growth as it spreads. The resting stage ofwhitemold(sclerotia)persistsinthesoilfromyeartoyearmakingrotationoutofhostcrops(peanut,soybeanandotherlegumesincludingmanyweeds)highlyimportant.Sclerotiaaresmall(<5/64”=2mm),roundstructuresthatareinitiallywhite


197

andlaterbecometantodarkbrown.Withamplemoisture,sclerotiacanbefoundoninfectedpeanuttissuesorleaflitter.Note:Asimilarlookingfungus,falsewhitemold(Phanerochaete),alsoproduceswhitemyceliumandcanbefoundinpeanutfields.Falsewhitemolddoesnotproducesclerotiaanddoesnotdamagepeanuts;ifitisfoundonpeanutsandscrapedaway,tissuebeneathitwilllookhealthy.Riskfactorsforwhitemold:

Peanutorsoybeanhistory Lessthan2yearsrotatedoutofpeanut,soybeanorotherlegume AnyvarietyotherthanBailey,Sullivan,Sugg,WynneorGeorgia12Yshouldbeconsideredhighlysusceptible.

Georgia07WandTUFRunner511alsoshowsometolerancethoughnotasgoodasthepreviousgroup. Earlyplanting(firstweekofMayorearlier);delayingplantinguntilmid‐Maymayhelpsuppresswhitemold

duetohigherseedlingsoiltemperaturesandfasterearlyrootgrowth Lackofrainpreventingfungicidefrombeingwashedintothesoil Extended,unusuallyhottemperaturesinJulyandAugust

Varietyresistance(particularlyBailey,Sugg,SullivanandGeorgia12Y) is farmoreeffective thanany chemicaltreatmentinsuppressingwhitemold.Thesevarietiestypicallycontrolwhitemoldwithstandardfungicideprograms.EarlySeasonBandedSprays:BandedapplicationofProline(38”rows:5.5floz/Ain20gal/Aon12”band)ORElatus(38”rows:maximum8.9oz/Ain>10gal/A,7–10”band)topeanutseedlingsat21–35DAPcanimprovewhitemoldcontrolunderextremediseasepressure.SeetableonEarlySeasonBandTreatmentOptions forrow‐spacingbandedrates.Note: In‐furrow fungicide treatments have not been effective in suppressing white mold (see details belowregardingCBRcontrol).Seefollowingtablesforfungicideefficacyandcomments.Night/Pre‐DawnSpraying:Peanutplants foldtheir leavesatnightmaking iteasier forsoil fungicide treatmentstoreachthebaseoftheplantandsoilsurface.Applyingwhitemoldtreatmentsatnighthasbeenshowntoincreasecontroleffectiveness,atleastunderseverewhitemoldpressure.IfBravo(anon‐systemic)isbeingreliedonforleafspotcontrol,control of this foliar disease may be reduced with night spraying because of reduced leaf coverage. For growersinterestedintryingnightapplications,werecommendthe60,or60and75DAPtreatmentsaspriorities.CylindrocladiumBlackRot(CBR):CBRiscausedbyasoilfungus(Cylindrocladiumparasiticum)thatoccursinthesamefieldareasfromyeartoyear,oftenin lowspots.CBRistransmittedfromfieldtofieldbycontaminatedseedandequipment.Rotation (>2yearsoutofpeanutsandeliminationofsoybeanfromtherotation)andresistancearethebestdefensesagainstsevereCBR.Rotationalonewillnoteliminatesignificantinjury.Symptomsandsigns:Whenfirst infected,peanutplantscanturnlightgreenoryellow.AsCBRinfectionsprogress,peanutstemsorentireplantswiltandeventuallydie.CBRrotsroots,includingthetaproot,causingthemtoturnblackand fall apart (tap roots infected by white mold remain intact and flexible much longer). Under drier conditions,symptomsofCBRinfectionmaybelimitedtochloroticyellowingandplantstunting.Followingmoistconditions,brick‐redreproductivestructures(perithecia)mightappearoncrowns,lowerstems,pegsandpods.Infectedseedcandevelopcinnamon‐coloredspeckles(microsclerotia)onseedcoatsbeforerotting.

RiskfactorsforCBR: ConfirmedhistoryofeconomicCBRlossinthefield Soybeanorpeanuthistory Shortrotationsoutofpeanut,soybeanorotherlegumes Poorlydrained,moreorganicsoilssuchasfoundinlowareasofafield AnyvarietyotherthanBailey,PerryorSugg(EmeryisparticularlysusceptibletoCBR) Lackofcontroloverseedsource(seedtransmission) Early planting (April); delaying planting untilmid‐Maymay help suppress CBR due to higher seedling soil

temperaturesandfasterearlyrootgrowth

CBRControl:Varietyresistance(Bailey)isfarmoreeffectivethananychemicaltreatmentinsuppressingCBR.BaileyoftenadequatelysuppressesCBRwithoutfumigationorin‐furrowfungicides.


198

OnsusceptiblevarietiesinfieldswithaprovenhistoryofCBRloss,usePropulse(13.6floz/A)ORProline(5.7floz/A)in‐furrow(withinoculant),ORfumigatewithVapam(10gal/A).Vapammustbeshankedintoabedat~10”depth14dayspriortoplanting.Soiltemperatureat4”depthshouldbeatleast60ºF.Avoidfumigatingwhenthereisahighriskofheavyrain(>1.0”)within2days.Seethefollowingtablesforfungicideefficacyandcomments.RhizoctoniaLimbRot:RhizoctoniaLimbRotiscausedbynaturally‐occurringsoilfungi,Rhizoctoniaspp.(R.solani),thatcancauselesionsandrotonlimbs/stems, leaves,pegsandpods.Lesionsonstemsarelighttodarkbrownandoftenhaveatargetpattern.Densecanopiesandprolongedmoisture(irrigation)encouragesdiseasedevelopment.Tractortrafficdamageincreasesoccurrenceoflimbrot.Managementrecommendationsaresimilarasforwhitemold(seeDiseaseResponseChartforfungicideactivity).WebBlotch:Webblotch,causedbyPhomaarachadichola,produceslesionsonupperleafsurfaces.Symptomsstartassmall,tantodarkbrownblotcheswithirregularedgesornetlikegray‐brownlesionsthatcanbecomelarge(0.5”)andcoverentireleaves.Olderlesionsdarkenandhaverough,dullsurfaces.Severeinfectionscauseleavestobecomebrittle,whichcanlead to substantial defoliation. Web blotch development favors cool, moist conditions and is more common underirrigation.Manyofthefungicideseffectiveagainstlateleafspotshareactivitytowardswebblotch(seeDiseaseResponseChartforfungicideactivity).


199

GeneralGuidelinesforFungicidePrograms:

Beginleafspotcontrolabsolutelynolaterthan45DAP.Forhighrisksituationssuchashighlysusceptiblevarieties(e.g.,Gregory,Champs,Georgia13M,TUFRunner511),orshortrotations,particularlyunderirrigation,increaselateleafspotprotectionusingoneorseveraloftheoptionslistedinfootnotesofthefollowingtables,includingstartingfungicideprotectionearlierat30–40DAP.

Applyasoil fungicide(see followingdiseasecontrol table)startingabsolutelyno later than60DAP.Whitemoldmustbeprevented,andhotweatheraccelerateswhitemoldgrowth.

If premium fungicides (e.g., Priaxor, Provost Opti, Proline) are substituted for basic tebuconazole +

chlorothaloniltreatment,prioritizetheirusestartingat60DAPratherthanlatertogetthemostpotentialforimprovedwhitemoldand/orleafspotcontrol.

Soil fungicidesmustbewashed into the soil tobe effectiveagainstwhitemold, butwait24–48hbefore

irrigatingtoalsohelpcontrolleafspot. Exceptfortreatmentscontainingchlorothalonil(Bravo),donotmakeconsecutiveapplicationsofthe

samemodeofaction(MOA).Bravohasmultiplemodesofactionwhichhasallowedformanyyearsofusewithoutleafspotresistance.Ineachfield,donotapplymorethanacombinedtotalof2strobilurin‐containingproducts(Abound,Elatus,Evito,HeadlineorPriaxor)inanygrowingseasontoreduceriskofresistance.

NeverapplyTopsinortebuconazolealone,anddonotmakemorethan2tank‐mixedTopsinapplications

per season. Topsin is very susceptible to development of resistance. Late leaf spot is already resistant totebuconazole.

Nofungicideprogramisfool‐proof.Spotcheckfieldsforleafspotandwhitemoldroutinely,particularlyfrom60DAPtotwoweeksbeforeanticipateddiggingdate.

Underlowpressure,afinalleafspotapplicationat105DAPmaybeadequatetoprovidecontrolthroughatleast

a135DAPharvestdate,butcheckfieldsat115–120DAP.Ifleafspotispresenton5%oflowerleavesandharvestwillbedelayed>135DAP,applyanadditionalchlorothaloniltreatment.Ifnoleafspotispresentandharvestwillbedelayedbeyond145DAP,applyaninsurancetreatment.

PreventativeCalendarSprayPrograms:Thekeytopeanutdiseasecontrolispreventingdiseasesfromgettingstarted.Thisistrueforbothsoilandfoliardiseases. Alternating or tankmixing different fungicide chemistries reduces the potential for developing resistantstrainsofleafspotdiseases.Alternatingortankmixingfungicidesalsoprovidessomeinsuranceagainstthefailureofoneproductalone.Note:Thediseasecontrolprogramsonthefollowingpagesareguidelines.Timing(DAP=daysafterplanting)shouldbemodifiedtoaccountforopportunitiestowashsoilfungicidesintothepeggingzoneifnoirrigationisavailable.Underdroughtconditions,growershavetorelyon judgmentofthe5‐dayweather forecast todecidewhentoapplyasoilfungicidebeforearain.Ideally,fungicidetreatmentswouldbewashedintothesoilafter1–2daystogetbothmaximumfoliarandsoildiseasesuppression.


200

DISEASECONTROLPROGRAMOPTIONS

Ifpremiumfungicidesaresubstitutedforbasictebuconazole+chlorothalonil(genericFolicur+Bravo),prioritizetheirusestarting60DAPratherthanlatertomaximizepotentialbenefits.

Treatmentoptionsandtiming(daysafterplanting)30 45* 60* 75 90 105 120

Bravo(1‐1.5pt)(+Cadre)

forhighleafspotrisk

Bravo1.5pt

tebuconazole7.2+Bravo1.5pt




Bravoforlatematuringpeanuts**

tebuconazole7.2floz+Bravo1.5pt




Bravo1.5pt

Substitute,seebelow

tebuconazole7.2+Bravo1.5pt tebuconazole

7.2floz+Bravo1.5pt tebuconazole

7.2floz+Bravo1.5pt

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow


Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

Substitute,seebelow

*Underhighleafspotrisk(e.g.,verysusceptiblevariety,irrigatedorwithfrequentrain‐offandleafwetting,orlateplanting)useapremiumfungicidewithstrongleafspotactivityat60DAP;useofadditionalpremiumproductscanimprovemanagement.Sprayintervalscanbereducedto10daysforimprovedleafspotcontrolunderfrequentrain‐offconditions.Makesureleafspotpreventionbeginsnolaterthan45DAPandsoilfungicideisappliednolaterthan60DAP.Whitemoldmustbeprevented;hotweatherandaclosedcanopyinJul–Augaccelerateswhitemoldgrowth.Donotusesurfactantsorcropoilwithfungicidesunlessnecessaryforherbicideperformanceintankmixes.Thegoalistowashwhitemoldfungicidesintothesoil.Spraybeforeirrigationorrainwhenpossible.**AnextralateseasonBravoapplicationmaybeneededforlatematuringpeanuts.Ifithasbeen15dayssincethelastapplicationandpeanutswillbedugwithinthenext25days,donottreatunless>5%ofleafletsinthebottomofthecanopyhavelateleafspotlesions.Neversprayfungicidewithin2weeksofharvest–itisoff‐labelandistoolatetoaffectdefoliation.Note:Useofchlorothalonilinthelastspray(105or120DAP)canhelppreventresistantleafspotstrainsthatmayhavedevelopedfromoverwinteringandcausinginfectioninthefollowingyear.Thetreatmentsinthefollowingtablescanbesubstitutedfortebuconazole+Bravofrom60DAPto105DAP.ExceptfortreatmentscontainingBravo(chlorothalonil),consecutiveuseofthesamemodeofaction(MOA)groupisnotrecommendedinordertodelayleafspotresistance.Bravohasmultiplemodesofactionandtherehasbeennoevidenceofresistancein40+yearsofuse.MOA=FungicideResistanceActionCommittee(FRAC)ModeofActionGroup.Havingthesamemode(s)ofactiondoesnotmeantreatmentsareequallyeffective.Genericchlorothalonil,Tilt+Bravo,Topsin+Bravo,orotheralternatives(seeDiseaseControltable)canbesubstitutedforBravo.AvoidconsecutiveuseofthesameMOAifBravoisnottankmixed.


201

PEANUTDISEASECONTROL

FOLIARDISEASECONTROLONLY(Earlyandlateleafspot,pepperspot,webblotch,rust)

Product Rate/A MOA* CommentsBravoWeatherStik6SC(andchlorothalonilgenerics)

1.5pt M5 Chlorothalonilproductsarepreventativeonlyagainstleafspotandrequireexcellentcoverage.RustinfectionisratherrareinSCpeanutproduction,butifrustisdetectedwithmorethan3weekstoharvest,includechlorothalonilevery10daysuntil2weeksbeforeharvest.

Bravo+Topsin4.5FLorTopsinM70W

1pt+8‐10floz0.33‐0.5lb

M5+1

TopsinshouldonlybeusedinBravotankmixes.Maximum2appl.perseason.

Alto100SL+Abound2.08F 5.5floz+18floz

3+11 Systemictriazoleandstrobilurinactivity.

Elatus0.45WG 7.3‐9.5floz 7+11 Systemic.Traditionallyexcellentleafspotactivitymaybebecomingvariable.

ProvostOpti3.6 7‐8floz 3 Highlyeffectiveagainstsoilandfoliardiseases.Priaxor4.17 4‐6floz 7+11 Systemicactivityagainstleafspot.Bravo+Topguard 1pt+7‐14

flozM5+3

TopguardaddssystemicleafspotcontroltoBravo.

Absolute500SC 3.5floz 3+11 Systemictriazoleandstrobilurinactivity.Headline2.08 6‐9floz 11 Highlysystemicandrain‐fast.WemaybeseeingthereducedHeadline

(strobilurin)effectivenessagainstleafspotduetostrobilurinusepatterns.

Custodia2.67SC 15.5floz 3+11 Add1pt/ABravoforlateleafspotuse.Max2appl.MuscleADV3.84 2pt 3+

M5Add0.5pt/ABravoforlateleafspotuse.

TiltBravoSE4.3†(jugmix)

1.5pt

3+M5

TiltaddssomesystemicleafspotcontroltoBravo.Tiltmixesnotrecommendedforrust.

FOLIARANDSOILDISEASECONTROL

(OtherthanCBR)Product Rate/A MOA* Comments

Tebuconazole(genericFolicur3.6)+Bravo

7.2floz+1.5pt

3+M5

Tebuconazolealonenolongercontrolsleafspotorwebblotch.MustbetankmixedwithBravo.

Convoy40SC+Bravo 13‐16floz+1.5pt

7+M5

MustbetankmixedwithBravoforadequateleafspotcontrol.Excellentwhitemoldsuppression.

Quash50WDG+Bravo 4oz+1pt 3+M5

MusttankmixwithBravotomanageleafspot.

ProvostOpti3.6 10.7floz 3 Highlyeffectiveagainstsoilandfoliardiseases.Elatus0.45WG 7.3‐9.5floz 7+11 Excellentwhitemoldactivity.Traditionallyexcellentleafspotactivitymaybe

becomingvariable.Priaxor4.17 8floz 7+11 Systemicactivityagainstwhitemoldandleafspot.Fontelis1.67 16floz 7 Systemicactivityagainstwhitemoldandleafspot.Alto 100 SL + Abound2.08F

5.5floz+18floz

3+11 Erraticagainstwhitemold.Systemicforleafspot.

Propulse3.34 13.6floz 3+7 Systemicactivityagainstsoilandfoliardisease.Evito480SC 5.7floz 11 Strobilurinsaremoreerraticagainstwhitemold.Custodia2.67SC 15.5floz 3+11 Add1pt/ABravoforlateleafspotuse.Max2appl.MuscleADV3.84 2pt 3+

M5Add0.5pt/ABravoforlateleafspotuse.

Headline2.08 12‐15floz 11 Highlysystemicandrain‐fast.WemaybeseeingreducedHeadline(strobilurin)effectivenessagainstleafspotduetousepatternsofstrobilurins.Headlineerraticonwhitemoldduetorapiduptakeonleaves.

Artisan†+Bravo 16‐20floz+1.5pt

7+M5

MustbetankmixedwithBravoforadequateleafspotcontrol.Excellentwhitemoldsuppression.

†Checkwithyourbuyingpoint:peanutstreatedwithpropiconazolemaynotbeacceptedforinternationalexport(EuropeanUnion).*ExceptfortreatmentscontainingBravo(chlorothalonil),consecutiveuseofthesamemodeofaction(MOA)groupisnotrecommendedinordertodelayleafspotresistance.


202

PEANUTDISEASECONTROL(cont.)

EarlySeasonBandedTreatmentOptionsforImprovedWhiteMoldandLeafSpotManagementProduct Rate/A MOA Comments

Elatus0.45WG 8.9oz(38”rows)

7+11

Recommendedasearlyseason(approximately21DAP)bandedapplicationforhighriskwhitemoldfields.Alsoprovidesearlyseasonleafspotcontrol.Applyinaminimumof10gal/A.Setbandwidthat7–10”forsinglerows(twin‐rows:widenbandtocoverbothrows).Bandedratesare0.5–0.65oz/1,000rowft,whichisequivalentto8.7–9.5oz/Aon30”rows,7.3–9.4oz/Aon36”rows,and6.9–8.9oz/Aon38”rows.Donotexceed9.5oz/A.

Proline480SC 5.5floz(38”rows)

5.7floz(30”,36”rows)

3 Recommendedasearlyseason(21‐35DAP),highvolume(20gal/A)bandedapplication(upto12”band)forhighriskwhitemoldfields.Alsoprovidesextended(21day)earlyseasonleafspotcontrol.Bandedrateis0.4floz/1,000rowft(maximum5.7floz/A),whichisequivalentto5.7floz/Aon30”or36”rowsand5.5floz/Aon38”rows.Prolinemustbeusedin‐furrowforCBRsuppression(seebelow)andoverthetopforwhitemoldcontrol.

CBRCONTROL

Product Rate/A MOA CommentsProline480SC(in‐furrow,suppression)

5.5floz(38”rows)

5.7floz(30”,36”rows)

3 Resistance:BaileyvarietyismoreeffectivethananychemicaltreatmentinreducingCBRlossandoftenprovidesadequatecontrolwithoutfumigationorin‐furrowfungicidetreatment.CroprotationisextremelyimportantinreducingCBRrisk.Delayingplantinguntilmid‐MaycansuppressCBRbyincreasingsoiltemp.Prolineisappliedin‐furrowwithinoculant.In‐furrowrateis0.4floz/1,000rowft(maximum5.7floz/A),equivalentto5.7floz/Aon30”or36”rowsand5.5floz/Aon38”rows.

Propulse3.34(in‐furrow,suppression)

13.6floz 3+7 Resistance:BaileyvarietyismoreeffectivethananychemicaltreatmentinreducingCBRlossandoftenprovidesadequatecontrolwithoutfumigationorin‐furrowfungicidetreatment.CroprotationisextremelyimportantinreducingCBRrisk.Delayingplantinguntilmid‐MaycansuppressCBRbyincreasingsoiltemp.Propulseisappliedin‐furrowwithinoculantandalsoprovideseffectiveearlyseasonleafspotprotection.

VapamHL(metamsodium42%)

10gal NC Resistance:BaileyvarietyismoreeffectivethananychemicaltreatmentinreducingCBRlossandoftenprovidesadequatecontrolwithoutfumigationorin‐furrowfungicidetreatment.Vapammustbeshankedintothesoil(8”depth)andbeddedatleast14dayspriortoplanting.Soiltemperatureat4”depthshouldbe60°F.Donotfumigatewhenrain(1.0”ormore)isexpectedwithin48hrs.


203

GUIDETOPEANUTFUNGICIDES

Product Chemistry MOA*

Riskof

leafspot

resistance

Feedhay

PHI(days)

Strengths LimitationsAbound Strobilurin

(azoxystrobin)11 High Y 14 Haswhitemoldactivityand

maybethebestRhizoctoniamaterial.Systemicleafspotandwebblotchactivity.

Erraticagainstestablishedwhitemoldinfections75–90DAP.MixwithAltotoimproveleafspotactivity.

Absolute Triazole(tebuconazole)+Strobilurin(trifloxystrobin)

3+11

Alreadyresistant+high

N 14 Systematicleafspotactivity. Lesseffectiveagainstwhitemold.

Alto Triazole(cyproconazole)

3 High Y 30 Systematicleafspotactivity. Minimalifanysoildiseasecontrol.

Artisan Benzamide(flutolanil)+Triazole(propiconazole)

7+3 High N 40 Excellentagainstwhitemoldandlimbrot,hasactivityagainstearlyleafspot.

Willnotcontrollateleafspot,musttank‐mixwithchlorothalonil.NoCBRsuppression.

Bravo(&generics)

Chloronitrile(chlorothalonil)

M5 Low N 14 Lowcost,reliableleafspotcontrol.Multiplemodesofactionreduceriskofleafspotresistance.Canmakemultipleconsecutiveappl.

Nosoildiseaseactivity.Notcurativeorsystemic.Lesseffectivethanmanysystemicsonwebblotch.Preventativeactivityonlyagainstleafspot.

Convoy(orMoncut)

Benzamide(flutolanil)

7 Low N 40 ExcellentwhitemoldandRhizoctoniaactivity.

NoactivityagainstfoliardiseasesorCBR.Musttank‐mixwithchlorothalonil.

Custodia Triazole(tebuconazole)+Strobilurin(azoxystrobin)

3+11

Alreadyresistant+high

N 14 Activityagainstfoliarandsoildiseases.

NeedsBravotank‐mixforadequateleafspotcontrol.Max2appl.recommended.

Elast Guanidine(dodine)

U12 Lowtomedium

Y 14 LeafspotalternativetoBravo.

LesseffectivethanBravoforleafspotonhighlysusceptiblevarieties.Nosoilefficacy.

Elatus Carboxamide(benzovindiflupyr)+Strobilurin(azoxystrobin)

7+11

Mediumtohigh

Y 30 Systemiclateleafspotactivity.Excellentactivityagainstwhitemold.

ShouldbealternatedwithMOAalternativetostrobilurinandcarboxamide.Leafspotactivitymaybebecomingvariable.

Endura Carboxamide(boscalid)

7 Mediumtohigh

N 14 ActivityagainstSclerotiniablight(notcommoninSC).Goodleafspotactivity.

Inadequateagainstwhitemold.

Evito Strobilurin(fluoxastrobin)

11 High Y 14 Performanceof5.7ozsimilarto18ozAbound.

Performanceof5.7ozsimilarto18ozAbound.

Folicur(generics)

Triazole(tebuconazole)

3 Alreadyresistant

N 14 Verycost‐effectivecontrolofwhitemoldandlimbrot.

Noteffectiveagainstwebblotch.Nolongereffectiveagainstlateleafspot;musttank‐mixwithBravo.

Fontelis Carboxamide(penthiopyrad)

7 Mediumtohigh

Y 14 Excellentwhitemoldactivityandeffectiveagainstleafspot.

Rotatewithalternativechemistrytoreduceleafspotresistancerisk.

Headline Strobilurin(pyraclostrobin)

11 High N 14 Systemicleafspotactivityat6‐9oz,somewhitemoldactivityat12‐15ozrates.Rapiduptakeforsystemicactivityinleaves.

Whitemoldactivityerratic.LeafspotactivityofHeadline(andotherstrobilurins)mayhavedeclined.Donotexceed2strobilurinappl.perseason.

*MOA=Modeofactiongroup.TreatmentswithoutBravo(chlorothalonil)thatsharethesameMOAshouldnotbeusedconsecutivelytodelayleafspotresistance.Thereisnosingleperfectfungicide.Thebestprogramscombineseveralproductsthatcomplementeachothertominimizediseaseandresistanceriskatreasonablecost.


204

GUIDETOPEANUTFUNGICIDES(Cont.)

Product Chemistry MOA*

Riskof

leafspot

resistance

Feedhay

PHI(days)

Strengths

LimitationsLorsban15G Organophosphate

(chlorpyrifos)? Low N 21 Whitemoldsuppression.

Preventativecontrolofsoilinsects.

Causeswormandspidermiteoutbreaks.Requiresgranularbandappl.IncreasesRhizoctonialimbrot.

MuscleADV Triazole(tebuconazole)+Chloronitrile(chlorothalonil)

3+M5

Alreadyresistant+low

N 14 Activityagainstfoliarandsoildiseases.

NeedsBravotank‐mixforadequateleafspotcontrol.

Priaxor Carboxamide(fluxapyroxad)+Strobilurin(pyraclostrobin)

7+11

Mediumtohigh

N 14 Whitemoldandleafspotactivityat8oz.Hasdemonstratedexcellentlateleafspotcontrol.

Maximumoftwoappl.perseasonrecommended.

Proline Triazole(prothioconazole)

3 Medium N 14 Excellentleafspotandwhitemoldactivityinearlyseasonband.CBRsuppressionin‐furrow.


Propulse Triazole(prothioconazole)+Carboxamide(fluopyram)

3+7 Mediumtohigh

N 14 Excellentleafspotandwhitemoldactivity.CBRsuppressionin‐furrow.


ProvostOpti Triazole(prothioconazole+tebuconazole)

3 High N 14 Highlevelofcontrolformajorfoliar(leafspot)andsoil(whitemold,Rhizoctonia)diseases.Reformulatedforimprovedtank‐mixingcompatibility.

Triazolesvulnerabletoleafspotresistance.Mustberotatedortank‐mixedwithotherchemistry.

Quash Triazole(metconazole)

3 Medium N 14 Effectiveagainstwhitemold. NeedsBravotank‐mixforleafspotcontrol.

Stratego Triazole(propiconazole)+Strobilurin(trifloxystrobin)

3+11

Medium Y 14 CombinationofTiltandFlint–hasgoodsystemicactivityagainstleafspot.

Littleornowhitemoldactivity.

TiltBravoSE Triazole(propiconazole)+Chloronitrile(chlorothalonil)

3+M5

Low N 14 TiltaddssystemicleafspotcontroltoBravo’scontactprotection.

TilthasveryweakactivityagainstsoildiseasesandBravohasnone.Tiltalonewillnotcontrollateleafspot.

Topguard Triazole(flutriafol)

3 Medium N 7 Systemicleafspotcontrol,activeagainstwhitemold.

Triazolesvulnerabletoleafspotresistance.Mustberotatedortank‐mixedwithotherMOA.

Topsin4.5FL Benzimidazole(thiophanate‐methyl)

1 Veryhigh

Y 14 TopsinaddssystemicactivitytoBravo.Costeffective,highrisktreatmentforleafspot.

Topsinaloneverysusceptibletoresistance.Mustbetank‐mixedandlimitedtotwoapplicationsperyear.Littleornosoilactivity.

VelumTotal Carboxamide(fluopyram)

7 Mediumtohigh

N 14 Providesin‐furrowcontrolofthripsandnematodes.

Lesseffectiveearlyseasonleafspotcontrolthanbandedappl.ofProlineorElatus.ImidaclopridcomponentoftenincreasesTSWVseverity.

*MOA=Modeofactiongroup.TreatmentswithoutBravo(chlorothalonil) thatshare thesameMOAgroupshouldnotbeusedconsecutivelytodelayleafspotresistance.Thereisnosingleperfectall‐aroundfungicide.Thebestprogramscombineseveralproductsthatcomplementeachothertominimizediseaseandresistanceriskatreasonablecost.


205

DISEASERESPONSECHARTFORPEANUTFUNGICIDES

Product Rate/A Lateleafspot WhitemoldRhizoctonialimbrot

Cylindrocladiumblackrot(CBR)

Webblotch

Abound+Alto 18oz+5.5oz

V.Good Good Ex. Poor Good

Absolute 3.5‐7oz Good/V.Good Poor Good?(7oz) None Good?Alto 5.5oz Good/V.Good Fair/Poor Fair/Poor? Poor GoodArtisan1,2+Bravo

16‐20oz+1pt

V.Good Ex. V.Good None Fair/Good

Bravo(orgenerics)

1.5pt V.Good None None None Fair

Convoy1+Bravo

13‐26oz+1.5pt

V.Good Ex. V.Good None Fair

Evito 5.7oz Good/V.Good Good ? Poor Good?Elast3 15oz Fair None None None NoneElatus 7.3‐9.5oz Good/Ex. V.Good/Ex. V.Good/Ex.? Poor GoodEndura 8‐10oz Good Fair ? Poor GoodFontelis 16oz V.Good Ex. Good/V.Good? Poor ?tebuconazole+Bravo

7.2oz+1‐1.5pt

V.Good V.Good V.Good Poor/Fair Good?

Headline 6‐12oz Good/V.Good Fair(12‐15oz) Good/V.Good? Poor Ex.Moncut+Bravo

0.5lb+1.5pt

V.Good Ex. V.Good None Fair

Priaxor 4‐8oz Ex.(6‐8oz)V.Good(4oz)

V.Good/Ex.(6‐8oz)

V.Good/Ex.?(8oz)

Poor Good?

Proline 5.7oz Ex. Ex. V.Good Good(in‐furrow) Good?Propulse 13.6oz Ex. Ex. V.Good V.Good/Ex.

(in‐furrow)Good?

ProvostOpti 8‐10.7oz V.Good/Ex. V.Good(8oz)Ex.(10.7oz)

V.Good Poor/Fair Good?

Quash+Bravo 3‐4oz+1pt

V.Good V.Good ? Poor? Good?

Stratego2 10‐14oz V.Good Poor Good(14oz) None Good?TiltBravoSE(orgenerics)2

1.5pt V.Good Poor Poor None Fair

Topguard 7‐14oz Good/V.Good Good ? None Good?Topsin4.5FL4+Bravo

8‐10oz+1.5pt

V.Good/Ex.4 None Fair? None Fair?

*Ratingsarebasedontherelativeperformanceofthelistedapplicationrates.Effectivediseasecontrolandresistancepreventionrequiresmultipleapplicationprogramswithacombinationofmaterials.None=nocontrol;Poor=lowlevelofcontrol;Fair=erraticcontrolorsuppressiononly;Good=controlstypicaldiseasepressure;V.Good=verygood:betterthanaveragediseasecontrol;Ex.=excellent:consistentsuperiorcontrol.1ArtisanorConvoycanbeappliedupto32oz/Aformaximumwhitemoldcontrol,butbothmustbetank‐mixedwithBravooralternativeforleafspotcontrol.2Checkwithyourbuyingpoint:peanutstreatedwithpropiconazolemaynotbeacceptedforinternationalexport(EuropeanUnion).3ElastisnotrecommendedforhighlysusceptibleVirginia‐typevarieties.4Topsinishighlyeffectiveagainstleafspotasatank‐mixwithBravo.NeveruseTopsinalone,andneverexceed2totalTopsinapplicationsperseason.


206

PEANUTNEMATODECONTROLDanAnco,ExtensionPeanutSpecialist

JohnD.Mueller,ExtensionPlantPathologist

Fortunately,nematodeshavebeenarelativelyminorproblemonpeanutsinSouthCarolina.Peanutroot‐knot(race1)nematode iscapableof causingsevere losses,buteconomic injuryhasbeenveryrare.Lesionnematode frequentlycauseshullinjuryongreenpeanutsandcancauseyieldreductionunderextremelyhighpopulations.Stingnematodeisrarely found in peanut fields in South Carolina, but when observed damage can be severe even at relatively lowpopulations.Hullinjuryfromnematodeinfectioncanalsoleadtoincreasedfungalcolonizationanddiseaseofpods.NematodemanagementisnotrecommendedforpeanutsinSouthCarolinaunlessinjuryordamagetopeanutshasbeendocumented.Croprotationandresistancearethemosteconomicalanddesiredmanagementstrategiesforminimizing nematode problems. A nematode resistant variety (Georgia 14N, Tifguard, TifNV‐High O/L) isrecommendedforfieldswithadocumentedhistoryofpeanutroot‐knotnematodeinjuryonpeanut.AfumigantlikeTeloneII(field‐wide:6–9gal/A,in‐row:4.5–6gal/A)orVapamHL(6.61floz/100linearrowft)applied2weeksatadepthof12”priortoplantingcanbeusedtosuppressnematodes.Alternatively,VelumTotal(18floz/A)canbeappliedin‐furroworthroughroot‐zonechemigationtomanagenematodesnearthetaproot.Propulse(13.6 floz/A)canbeappliedatpegging(~45DAP)tomanagenematodesinthefruitingzonebutmustbewateringintobeeffective(0.10–0.25 in/Awater). AgLogic 15G (aldicarb) (7 lb/Aat‐planting,with an optionalpegging application at 10 lb/A)hasrecentlybeenapprovedforuseinnematodemanagement,thoughcurrentsupplymaybelimited.PeanutsareanexcellentrotationcroptosuppressReniform,SouthernRoot‐knotandColumbialancenematodesincotton.

FieldCropHostsforCommonNematodes

Crop

Root‐knot

Lesion Lance Soybeancyst Sting RingReniformSouthern

Peanutrace1

Peanutrace2 Northern

Peanut ‐ + ‐ + + ‐ ‐ ± + ‐Cotton + ‐ ‐ ‐ + + ‐ + + +Corn + + + + + + ‐ + ± ‐Soybean + + + + + + + + ± +Tobacco + + + + + ‐ ‐ ‐ + +Smallgrain + + +

+‐(wheat) + + ‐ + + ‐

Grainsorghum + + + ? + ? ‐ + ‐ ‐

Tomato + + + + + ‐ ‐ + + ?+indicateshost;‐indicatesnon‐host;±indicateshostreactioncanvarybasedonpopulation.AdaptedbyJ.D.Muellerfrom:Powell,W.M.1990.PlantsusceptibilitytomajornematodesinGeorgia.Univ.ofGeorgiaExtensionBulletin904;andDickerson,O.J.,J.H.Blake,andS.A.Lewis.2000.NematodeguidelinesforSouthCarolina.ClemsonUniv.ExtensionCircular703.


207

WEEDCONTROLINSMALLGRAINSMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSmallGrains




GramoxoneSL(paraquat)

Firestorm3SParazone3S

2.0‐4.0pt

1.5‐2.0pt

0.5‐1.0lb 22 60days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforuseinbarleyandwheatonly.GRAMOXONEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat1ptper100galofspraysolutionorcropoilconcentrateat1galper100galofspraysolution.Ratedependentonweedsize.


5.5SL(4.5lbae)

11‐32floz

0.38‐1.13lbae

9

7days 4hours

Comments:Labeledforforuseinoats,wheat,barley,andrye.Apply2to4weeksbeforeplantingdatetocontrolexistingsummerannualgrassandbroadleafweedsandreducecompetitionwithsmallgrainseedlings.

Glyphosate(severalbrands)+HarmonyExtraSG(thifensulfuron+tribenuron)

seeglyphosate

0.45‐0.9oz

0.38‐1.13lbae

0.0094‐0.0188+

0.0047‐0.0094

922

45days 4hours

Comments:HarmonyExtraSGlabeledforuseinwheatandbarleyonly.GLYPHOSATE+HARMONYEXTRASGmaybeusedasaburndowntreatmentpriorto,orshortlyafterplanting(butbeforecropemergence). Consultglyphosateproducttodetermineifanadjuvantisneeded. Ifanadjuvantisneeded,thenaddNIS(80%activeorgreater)at1qt/100gallonsofspraysolutionplusureaammoniumnitrate(28‐32%N)orammoniumsulfate(AMS)at2lb/A.


1.0‐2.0floz 0.022‐0.045lb

14

30days 12hours

Comments:SHARPENislabeledforuseinwheat,oats,barley,rye,andtriticale.ApplySHARPENforearlyburndownand/orlimitedresidualcontrolofbroadleafweeds.Foroptimumburndownactivity,addmethylatedseedoil(MSO)at1galper100galplusammoniumsulfate(AMS)at8.5to17lbsper100galsorureaammoniumnitrate(UAN)at1.25to2.5galsper100galsofsprayvolume.Donotapplymorethan4.0floz/AofSHARPENpercroppingseason.

ValorSX51WDG(flumixoazin)ValorEZ4SC

2.0oz

2.0floz

0.064lb 14 ‐‐ 12hours

Comments:VALORSXislabeledforuseinwheatonly.Forpreplantweedcontroluseonlyinno‐tillorminimumtillagefieldswherepreviousyear’scropresiduehasnotbeenincorporatedintothesoil.Plantwheatnosoonerthan7daysafterVALORSXapplication.Donotirrigatebetweenemergenceandspikegrowthstage.Wheatmustbeplantedaminimumof1inchdeep.Donotgrazeuntilwheathasreached5inchesinheight.Donotapplymorethan2.0oz/AofVALORSXduringasinglegrowingseason.


208

WeedResponsetoHerbicidesforSmallGrainWeedManagement1 PRE POSTEMERGENCE

Sharpen

Achieve

Anthem

FLEX

AxialXL

Axiom

Banvel/Clarity

Beyond2

Buctril

Express

Fierce

Finesse

HarmonyExtra

Huskie

MCPA

Osprey

Peak

Pow

erFlexHL

Sentrallas

ValorSX

WideM

atch

Zidua

2,4‐D

barley,little P P G P G P G P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P

bluegrass,annual P P G P G P G P P ‐‐‐ P P P P GE P P P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P

buttercup ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ F P F E ‐‐‐ G GE G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G

cheat P P F P E P G P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P P P FG P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P

chickweed,common F P GE P G G F F G GE G G GE P FG G FG GE GE G GE P

cornflower ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G P G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G

cudweed ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P G GE G PF ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ GE

dock,curly ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P F P PF E FG ‐‐‐ E G P P ‐‐‐ P G F F ‐‐‐ P

eveningprimrose,cutleaf ‐‐‐ P G P GE G ‐‐‐ P F FG ‐‐‐ G GE E P G P F FG G G E

garlic,wild ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P F P F P P P E P P P GE P P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ F

geranium,Carolina ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P F G G G G ‐‐‐ GE G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ F

henbit F P GE P GE F G F G GE G G GE P G GE FG F GE G GE P

horseweed G P GE P ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ G F GE ‐‐‐ F GE F P ‐‐‐ P F GE G GE G

knawel ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P

mustard,wild G P GE P G F F G E GE G E GE GE G GE GE G G F GE GE

pepperweed,Virginia ‐‐‐ P G P ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ G GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G E

pennycress,field ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ G

radish,wild ‐‐‐ P GE P G F F G E GE G E GE GE G GE GE F G F GE GE

ryegrass,ItalianACCase‐resistantALS‐resistant

PPP

GEPGE

EEE

EPE

GGG

PPP

GGG

PPP

PPP

EEE

FFP

PPP

PPP

PPP

EEP

PPP

EEP

PPP

EEE

PPP

EEE

PPP

shepherdspurse ‐‐‐ P GE P ‐‐‐ FG ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ GE G E GE GE ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ G G P GE GE

swinecress ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E GE G E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G

thistles ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P G GE G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE FG E G ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ G

vetch ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P G E P G G ‐‐‐ GE P E ‐‐‐ PF ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P= lessthan70%control; ‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2UseonlyonClearfieldwheatvarieties.

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSmallGrains





1.0‐2.0floz 0.022‐0.045lb

14

30days 12hours

Comments:SHARPENislabeledforuseinwheat,oats,barley,rye,andtriticale.ApplySHARPENrightafterplantingsmallgrainsforcontrollingemergedbroadleafweedsand/orlimitedresidualcontrolofbroadleafweeds.Foroptimumactivityofemergedweeds,addmethylatedseedoil(MSO)at1galper100galplusammoniumsulfate(AMS)at8.5to17lbsper100galsorureaammoniumnitrate(UAN)at1.25to2.5galsper100galsofsprayvolume.Donotapplymorethan4.0floz/AofSHARPENpercroppingseason.Donotapplyaftersmallgrainemergenceorcropinjurywilloccur.


209

EarlyPostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSmallGrains




AnthemFLEX4SE(pyroxasulfone+carfentrazone)

2.0‐2.7floz 0.058‐0.082lb

+0.004‐0.006lb

1514

7days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatonly.ApplyANTHEMFLEXfromspikingupto4thtillergrowthstage.Wheatmustbeplantedatleast1inchdeep.Underhighmoistureconditions,cropmayexperiencetemporaryinjuryresponse,butwillrapidlyoutgrowtheseeffectsanddevelopnormallywithnoreductioninyield.Controlslittlebarley,annualbluegrass,rattailfescue,andannualryegrass.Donotapplytodurumwheat.Donotapplypreplantincorporatedinwheat.Donotapplypreplant,preemergence,orearlypostemergencetobroadcastseededwheat.

Axiom68WDG(flufenacet+metribuzin)

4.0‐8.0oz 0.14‐0.27lb

+0.03‐0.07lb

155

30days 12hours

Comments:Labeled forwheatonly.AXIOMcontainsmetribuzin,whichmay injurecertainwheatvarieties,consultlabelfordetails.ApplyAXIOMfromspiketo2‐leafgrowthstage.Wheatmustbeplantedatadepthof1.0‐2.0indeeporinjurymayoccur.Controlshenbit,wildradish,andannualbluegrass.Activityonannualryegrassisgood(upto1leafgrowthstage),dependingontimelyrainfallafterapplication.Forsequentialapplications,donotapplymorethan8oz/AofAXIOMpergrowingseason.

Fierce76DF(flumioxazin+pyroxysulfone)

1.5oz 0.040lb

+0.031lb

1415

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatonly.ApplyFIERCEwhen95%ofwheatisinthespiketo2‐leafgrowthstage.Controlsemergedryegrassupto0.5ininheight.Wheatmustbeplantedaminimumof1.0indeeporinjurymayoccur.Donotapply to fieldswherewheatseedhasbeenbroadcastandshallowincorporated.Donot tankmixFIERCEwithanyadjuvant,fertilizer,orotherpesticideorseverewheatinjurywilloccur.ApplyFIERCEin10to15gallonsperacreofwatertoensureadequatecoverageofemergedryegrass.Donotapplymorethan1.5oz/AofFIERCEpergrowingseason.

Zidua85WG(pyroxysulfone)ZiduaSC4.17SC

1.0‐2.5oz

1.75‐4.0floz

0.053‐0.133lb

0.057‐0.130lb

15

7days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatonly.ApplyZIDUAwhenwheatisintheearlyspike(atleast0.5inshoot)to4thtillergrowthstage.DonotapplyZIDUAearlypreemergence(0.5inshoottofullspikestage)tobroadcastseededwheatfields.DonotirrigateafteraZIDUAapplicationduringtheearlyspikegrowthstageuntilwheatisatthefullspikestage.Donotplantwheatdeeperthan1.5inchesbeforeanearlypreemergenceapplicationofZIDUA.DonotapplyZIDUAtofloodpronefieldsorfullysaturatedsoils.Donotapplymorethan2.5oz/AofZIDUApergrowingseason.Wheatforageorhaymaybegrazedorfed7ormoredaysafterapplication.


210

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSmallGrains




Achieve40DG(tralkoxydim)

6.9‐9.2oz 0.18‐0.25lb 1 60days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatandbarleyonly. Applytothecropfrom1‐leaftoflagleafgrowthstage.AlwaysaddSuperchargeadjuvantat2qt/100gallonsofspraysolution.ForbestactivityonItalianryegrass,applywhenryegrassissmall(1‐4leafgrowthstage).Tankmixpartnersinclude2,4‐D,BUCTRIL,MCPA,STARANE,WARRIORandSTINGER.Herbicidesnotspecifiedfortankmixingmaybeappliedseparatelyinsequence(minimumof7daysafterACHIEVEapplication).Applyinatleast10gallonsofwatercarrierperacre.ACHIEVEmaybetankmixedinaspraysolutionwithliquidnitrogenfertilizers(maximumof5gallonsofNperacreina1:1ratioofwater).Rainfastinterval=1hour.Resistance Management: ACCase‐resistant (MOA=1) Italian ryegrass has been documented in South Carolina.Continued relianceonACCase‐inhibitingproducts, suchasACHIEVEandAXIAL,willenhance selectionand spreadofresistantbiotypes.Therefore,consideraddingAXIOM,FIERCE,ZIDUA,orPROWLH2O toyourherbicideprogram forresistancemanagement.

AxialXL0.42SL(pinoxaden)


Comments: Labeled forwheatandbarleyonly.Apply from2‐leaf to thepre‐boot stage. Noother surfactantsarerequired.Seelabelfortankmixpartners.AXIALmaybemixedinaspraysolutioncontainingupto50%liquidnitrogenfertilizer.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.Resistance Management: ACCase‐resistant (MOA=1) Italian ryegrass has been documented in South Carolina.Continued relianceonACCase‐inhibitingproducts, suchasACHIEVEandAXIAL,willenhance selectionand spreadofresistantbiotypes.Therefore,consideraddingAXIOM,FIERCE,ZIDUA,orPROWLH2O toyourherbicideprogram forresistancemanagement.

Banvel4SL(dicamba)Clarity4SL


Comments:Labeledforwheat,barley,andoat.ApplyBANVELorCLARITYaftertilleringbutbeforecropreachesthejointinggrowthstage.Donottankmix2,4‐DwithBANVELorCLARITYinoat.Bestresultsareobtainedifappliedwhendaytimetemperaturesareabove50F.Liquidnitrogenmaybeusedasthecarrier.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hourminimum).

Beyond1AS(imazamox)


Comments: USEONLYonCLEARFIELDWHEATVARIETIES! ApplyBEYOND fromthe two to four leaf stage tocontrolannualbluegrass,Italianryegrass,wildradish,andhenbit.ApplywithNISat2qt/100galandUANat1‐2qt/AorAMSat1.5‐3lbs/A.Donotapplymorethan8oz/Aperseason.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Buctril4EC(bromoxynil)

0.75‐1.0pt 0.375‐0.5lb 6 45days 24hours

Comments:Labeledforwheat,oats,rye,andbarley.Applyfromemergencetobootstage;bestresultsareobtainedwhenappliedduringthefall.Controlsseveralannualbroadleafweeds. Inwheatandbarley,BUCTRILmaybetankmixedwithHOELONforincreasedweedspectrum.Donotexceed1pt/AperseasonofBUCTRIL.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hourminimum).


211

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSmallGrains(cont)




Express75WDG(tribenuron)

0.25‐0.5oz 0.012‐0.023lb 2 45days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatandbarleyonly.ApplyEXPRESSafter2‐leafstageuptoflagleafemergence.Add0.5to4ptofNISper100galofspraysolutionplus2qt/AofUANor2lb/AofAMS.EXPRESSaloneprovidespartialcontrolofwildgarlic,henbit,andwildradish.Tankmixwith0.25to0.375lba.i.ofMCPAforimprovedcontrolofwildradish(lessthan6”diameterrosette).Rainfastinterval=2‐3hours.

Finesse75WDG(chlorsulfuron+metsulfuron)

0.2‐0.4oz 0.0078‐0.0156lb

+0.0016‐0.0031lb

22

None 4hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatandbarleyonly.ApplyFINESSEfromthe1‐leafstageuptobeforethebootstage.Addanon‐ionicsurfactantat0.125to0.5%v/v(0.5to2qtper100galofspraysolution).DonotapplyFINESSEwithin60days of an in‐furrow organophosphate insecticide application. Plant only STS‐soybeans following wheat/barleyharvest.DonotapplymorethanoneapplicationofFINESSEpergrowingseason.Rainfastinterval=6hours.

HarmonyExtra50SG(thifensulfuron+tribenuron)Nimble75WDG

0.45‐0.9oz

0.3‐0.6oz

0.0094‐0.0188lb+

0.0047‐0.0094lb

22

45days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheat,barley,andoats.ThemaximumisrateforHARMONYEXTRASGinoatsis0.6oz/A(0.4oz/ANIMBLE/HARMONYEXTRAXP).Forcontrolofsmall(2‐4inches),activelygrowingbroadleafweedsincludingwildradishandhenbit.Applywhenwildgarlicislessthan12inchestall.Applytocropafterthe2‐leafstagebutbeforeflagleafisvisible.AddNISat1qt/100gallonsofspraysolution.Forwildradishcontrolinbarleyandwheat,use0.6‐0.9oz/ArateofHARMONYEXTRA50SGwithTotalSol(0.5‐0.6ozofHARMONYEXTRAXP75DForNIMBLE75WDG).DonottankmixwithMALATHIONinsecticideorseverecropinjurywilloccur.Ifliquidnitrogenisthecarrier,reducesurfactantrateto0.5‐1.0ptper100galofsolution(toreducepotential foliarburn).For improvedcontrolofwildradish,tankmix2,4‐DorMCPA.Donotusesurfactantifapplyingwith2,4‐DorMCPAinnitrogencarrier.Rainfastinterval=2‐3hours.

FeekesGrowthStagesofCereals:


212






11‐15floz 0.027‐0.036lb

+0.15‐0.20lb

276

60days 24hours

Comments:Labeledforwheat,barley,rye,andtriticale.HUSKIEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyHUSKIEinaminimumof10gallonsofwaterperacrefromthefullyexpandedfirsttrueleafuptoflagleafemergence.SeeproductlabelforinstructionsforaerialapplicationsofHUSKIE.AddNISat1qtper100galofspraysolutionplusAMSat1lb/A.DonotuseairinductionorfloodjetnozzlesforgroundapplicationsofHUSKIE.Treatbroadleafweedswhentheyaresmallandactivelygrowing.Donotapplymorethan15floz/AofHUSKIEperapplication.DonotmakemorethanoneapplicationofHUSKIEperseason.DonotapplyHUSKIEinatankmixturewithaTEBUCONAZOLEfungicide. TankmixingHUSKIEwithfungicidesmaycausetemporaryyellowing,leafburn,and/orheightreductionofthecrop.Donotgrazeorharvestforagewithin25days,grainandstrawwithin60daysafterapplication.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

MCPAamine4LMCPAester4L

0.5‐1.0pt

0.5‐1.0pt

0.25‐0.5lb

0.25‐0.5lb

4 7days 48hours

Comments: Labeled forwheat,barley,oats,andrye.Forcontrolofwinterweeds,suchaswildmustard,wild,andshepherdspurseapplyaftercrophasreachedto3‐to4‐leafstageuptothebootstage.Donotgrazeorharvestforageontreatedareaswithin7daysofslaughter.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).

Osprey4.5SC(mesosulfuron)

4.75oz 0.013lb 2 30days 4hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatonly.ForcontrolACC‐aseannualryegrassandotherbroadleafweeds.Applicationsmaybemadefromtimeofemergenceuptothejointingstageofdevelopment.ApplywithNISat2qt/100galandUANat1‐2qt/AorAMSat1.5‐3lb/A.MSOatarateof1.5pt/Ainaminimumof10gallonscarrierperacremaybesubstitutedfortheNISandnitrogenadditives.OSPREYmaybeappliedinafertilizersolution;however,nitrogenmustnotexceed15%ofthetotalvolume(1.5gallonsofNitrogenin10gallonsofspraysolution).ANISat1qt/100galisrequiredforfertilizercarrierapplications.Theuseofafertilizer/watercarrierwillincreasepotentialforcropresponse.Tankmixpartners includeMCPA, BUCTRIL, EXPRESS, FINESSE,HARMONYEXTRA, STRATEGO, TILT, TOPSINM,WARRIOR,SEVIN XLR, Z‐CYPE. Do not apply more than 4.75 oz/A per season. Do not tank mix and apply OSPREY withMALATHION,MANCOZEB,DI‐SYSTON,orMETHYLPARATHION.Rainfastinterval=4hours.ResistanceManagement:ALS‐resistant(MOA=2)ItalianryegrasshasbeendocumentedinSouthCarolina.ContinuedrelianceonALS‐inhibitingproducts,suchasOSPREYandPOWERFLEX,willenhanceselectionandspreadofresistantbiotypes.Therefore,consideraddingAXIOM,FIERCE,ZIDUA,orPROWLH2Otoyourherbicideprogram forresistancemanagement.

Peak57DG(prosulfuron)

0.5oz 0.0178lb 2 60days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheat,barley,triticale,rye,andoats.Applytocropafterspikestagebutbeforethe2ndnode(Feekes scale7) is detectableduring elongation.For control of small (2‐6 inches), actively growingwinterweedsincludingwildradish,wildmustard,shepherdspurse,andwildgarlic.Applywhenwildgarlicislessthan8inchestall.AddNISat1qt/100gallonsofspraysolution.Donotmakefoliarorsoilapplicationofanyorganophosphateinsecticidewithin15daysbeforeor10daysafterPEAKapplication.Donotirrigatewith4hoursofPEAKapplication.DonotapplyPEAKtocropsthatunderseverestressduetodrought,coldweather,hail,winddamage,sandblasting,flooding,ornutrientdefienciency.TankmixpartnersincludeBANVEL,BUCTRIL,MCPA,and2,4‐D.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


213





PowerFlex7.5DF(pyroxsulam)PowerFlexHL13DF

3.5oz

2.0oz

0.016lb 2 60days 12hours

Comments: Labeled forwheat only. For control of ACCase‐resistant annual ryegrass and other annual grass andbroadleafweeds.Applyfrom3‐leaftojointingstage.ApplywithNISat1to2qt/100galofspraysolutionorCOCat1.0‐1.25gal/100galofspraysolution.Applicationofammoniumnitrogenfertilizer(topdress)7daysbeforeorafteranapplicationofPOWERFLEX/HLcanresultinstuntingandfoliarcropburn;therefore,donotapplytopdressduringthis time period. If applied in fluid fertilizer, reduce NIS rate to 1 qt/100 gal of spray solution. Do not apply anorganophosphateinsecticidewithin5daysbeforeor5daysafteranapplicationofPOWERFLEX/HL. Donotapplymore0.016 lb ai ofPYROXSULAMper acreper growing season. Donot cut treated crop for haywithin28daysfollowingapplication.Donotgrazetreatedcropwithin7daysofapplication.Rainfastinterval=4hours.ResistanceManagement:ALS‐resistant(MOA=2)ItalianryegrasshasbeendocumentedinSouthCarolina.ContinuedrelianceonALS‐inhibitingproducts,suchasOSPREYandPOWERFLEX,willenhanceselectionandspreadofresistantbiotypes.Therefore,consideraddingAXIOM,FIERCE,ZIDUA,orPROWLH2Otoyourherbicideprogram forresistancemanagement.


1.5‐3.0pt 0.71‐1.43lb 3 60days 24hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatonly.ApplyPROWLH2Opriortoweedemergencefromthe1‐leafgrowthstageuptobeforetheflagleafisvisible.EmergedweedswillnotbecontrolledbyPROWLH2O.Plantwheatseedatleast1/2‐inchto1‐inchdeeptoavoidcropinjury.Donotapplymorethan3.0ptofPROWLH2Operacreperseason.

Quelex20DF(halauxifen‐methyl+florasulam)

0.75oz 0.00047lb

+0.00047lb

24

60days 12hours

Comments: Labeled forwheat, barley,and triticale. Apply QUELEX from the 2‐leaf growth stage up to flag leafemergence.Targetapplicationwhenbroadleafweedsareactivelygrowingandinthe2to4leafgrowthstage(lessthan4inchestallordiameter).Applicationsduringwarm,wetconditionswillenhanceQUELEXactivityonbroadleafweeds;however,coldand/ordryconditionsmayresultinerraticcontrolandsubsequentweedregrowth.

Sentrallas1.55OD(thifensulfuron+fluroxypyr)

7‐14floz

0.014‐0.027lb

+0.07‐0.14lb

24

45days 24hours

Comments:Labeledforwheat,barley,andoats.Themaximumuserateforoatsis9floz/A.ApplySENTRALLASfromthe2‐leafgrowthstageuptojustbeforeflagleafemergence.Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat0.5to2.0ptper100gallonofspraysolutionplusanammoniumcontainingfertilizer,suchasAMSat2qt/AorUANat2lb/A.Targetapplicationwhenbroadleafweedsareactivelygrowingandlessthan4inchestallordiameter.WarmandmoistconditionswillpromoteweedgrowthandenhanceSENTRALLASactivityonbroadleafweeds;however,coldordroughtstressmayresultinlackofsatisfactorycontrolandsubsequentweedregrowth.DonotapplySENTRALLAStowheat,oat,orbarleythat is stressedbydrought, low fertility,watersaturatedsoil,diseaseor insectdamage,ascrop injurymayoccur,particularlyduringthe2‐to5‐leafgrowthstage.DonotmakemorethanoneapplicationofSENTRALLASperyearinoats. Tankmix partners include 2,4‐D, MCPA, DICAMBA, EXPRESS, ALLY,WIDEMATCH, or STINGER. Do not useSENTRALLASplusMALATHION insecticidebecausecrop injurymayoccur.Donotgrazeorharvest treated foragewithin7daysofapplication.Donotharvesttreatedhaywithin30daysofapplication.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


214





WideMatch1.5EC(clopyralid+fluroxypyr)

1.0‐1.33pt 0.09375‐0.125lb

+0.09375‐0.125lb

44

40days 12hours

Comments: Labeled forwheat,barley,andoats.Applyfromthe3‐leafgrowthstageuptoflag leafemergence.Forcontrolofweeds(lessthan4inchestall),suchaschickweed,curlydock,redsorrelandthistles.Donotapplymorethan1.33ptofWIDEMATCHperacrepergrowingseason.Donotallowlivestocktograzetreatedareasorharvesttreatedforagewithin7daysofapplication.WIDEMATCHmaybetankmixedwithotherproductslabeledforpostemergenceapplicationsinwheat,barley,andoats.Donotapplyunderconditionswhichfavordriftontonearby,sensitivecrops.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).

2,4‐D4Lamine/ester 0.5‐1.0pt 0.25‐0.5lb 4 14days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheat,barley,oats,andrye.Oatsarelesstolerantof2,4‐Dthanbarley,wheat,orrye.Forfallseededoats,usethelowerratetoavoidinjury.Forcontrolofweedssuchasvetch,wildmustardandradish,applyaftercropisfullytilleredbutbeforejointing.Donotapplyunderconditionswhichfavordriftontonearby,sensitivecrops.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).


215

HarvestAidsforSmallGrains




Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)5.5SL(4.5lbae)

22floz

0.75lbae

9 7days 12hours

Comments:Labeled forwheatandbarley.ApplyGLYPHOSATEafterharddoughstageofgrain (30%or lessgrainmoisture)atleast7daysbeforeharvest.Donotapplytowheatorbarleygrownforseed.Donotapplymorethan0.75lbae/Aforapreharvestapplication.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).

ValorSX51WDG(flumixoazin)ValorEZ4SC

1.5‐2.0oz

1.5‐2.0floz

0.048‐0.064lb 14 10days 12hours

Comments:Labeledforwheatonly.ApplyVALORSXafterwheatreachestheharddoughstageandgrainmoistureislessthan30%.GLYPHOSATEistherecommendedtankmixpartnertocontrolexistingweedsandaidinharvest.Applyinaminimumof10gallonsspraysolutionperacrebygroundapplicationandaminimumof5gallonsperacrebyaerialapplication.Forproperdesiccation,addamethylatedseedoilwhichcontainsatleast15%emulsifiersand80%oilat1qt/Aplusaspraygradenitrogensource(eitherammoniumsulfateat2‐2.5lb/Aor28‐32%nitrogensolutionat1‐2qt/A).Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).


1.0‐2.0floz 0.022‐0.045lb

14

3days 12hours

Comments: Labeled foruse inwheat,barley,and triticale. Apply SHARPEN after crop has reached physiologicalmaturity(harddoughstageandgrainmoistureislessthan30%).Thoroughspraycoverageisessentialforoptimumdessicationandweedcontrol.Applyinaminimumsprayvolumeof10gallonsperacrebygroundand5gallonsperacrebyair.Addmethylatedseedoil(MSO)at1galper100galplusammoniumsulfate(AMS)at8.5to17lbsper100galsorureaammoniumnitrate(UAN)at1.25to2.5galsper100galsofsprayvolume.Donotapplymorethan2.0floz/Aof SHARPENper cropping season for dessicationuses. SHARPENmaybe tankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE foradditionalpreharvestweeddessication(increasesPHIto7days).DonotapplySHARPENtobarley,wheat,ortriticalegrownforseedproduction.SHARPENtreatedbarley,wheat,andtriticalestrawmaybegrazedorfedtolivestock.

2,4‐D4Lamine/ester 1.0pt 0.5lb 4 14days 12hours

Comments: Labeled forwheat,barley,oats,andrye.Apply2,4‐Dwhengrainis intheharddoughstageor latertocontrolweedsthatmayinterferewithharvestortosuppressperennialweedsatleast14daysbeforeharvest.Donotapplyfromearlyboottomilkstageofgrowthdevelopment.Donotapplymorethan1.0pt/Aperapplicationorunderconditionswhichfavordriftontonearby,sensitivecrops.Rainfastinterval=N/A(suggest1hour).


216

SMALLGRAININSECTCONTROLDavidGunter,ExtensionFeedGrainSpecialist

Pest Product Rate/acre Comments

aphids SeedTreatmentsEnhanceAWGaucho600,Axcess,Attendant600GauchoXTCruiser5FSNipsItInsideFoliarKarateZ,othersWarrior,Silencer,others,1ECBaythroidXL1ECDeclare,ProlexProaxis0.5SivantoTransform

4.0oz/100

lb0.8floz/100lb

3.4floz/100lb

1.0floz/100lb

0.75‐1.79floz/100lb

1.3–1.9oz(1gal/100‐

66ac)

2.6–3.8oz(1gal/50‐33

ac)

2.4floz(1gal/53

ac)

1.0–1.5floz

(1gal/128‐85ac)

2.6–3.8fl

oz(1gal/49‐33ac)

7–10.5floz

0.75floz

PreventativeaphidtreatmentforbarleyyellowdwarfvirussuppressionisrecommendedforhighyieldwheatandoatproductionunderSCconditions.Eitherseedtreatmentorfoliarpyrethroidapplicationarebotheffective.Seedtreatmentsprovideearlyseasoncontrolofaphidsandbarleyyellowdwarf.SeedtreatmentsalsosuppressHessianfly,butwillnotcontrolheavyHFinfestations.ForHessianflysuppression,EnhanceAW4oz/100lb,1.6floz/100lbGaucho600,or1.33floz/100lbCruiserisrecommended.AfoliarpyrethroidapplicationintopdressNbymid‐February(earlyFeb.betteryet)isalsohighlyeffectiveinsuppressingaphidvirustransmission.Aphidtreatmentsaremostlikelytobeprofitableonearly‐plantedhigh‐yield‐potentialwheat(60+bu/ac).Thekeypestistheoat‐birdcherryaphidwhichisthemajorvectororcarrierofbarleyyellowdwarfvirus.Thisaphidtypicallyhasadarkgreenbodywithreddishareaonthe“rearend”.Ifpreventativetreatmentwasnotpreviouslyapplied,aphidtreatmentisrecommendedifyoufind8oat‐birdcherryaphidsperrowfootpriortojointing.Oatsaremoresusceptibletobarleyyellowdwarfthanwheat.EnhanceAWhopperboxseedtreatmentisrecommendedtocontrolaphidsandsmutonoats.Ifafoliarpyrethroidisusedtocontrolaphidsonoats,treatmentshouldbeearlier(Dec.–Jan.)thanonwheat.Karate,Warrior,Silencerhavebeenparticularlyeffectiveinsuppressingbarleyyellowdwarfvirusonoatsandwheatandgivingseason‐longprotectionagainstlaterheadinfestationbyEnglishgrainaphidsonwheat.Englishgrainaphids(lightgreenbodieswithlongblack“exhaustpipes”protrudingupwardfromrearend)increaseduringjointingandmovetoheadsastheyemergeinApril.ThetreatmentguidelineforEnglishgrainaphidis2‐3/stemduringjointing;5/stematheademergencetoblooming;10/stematmilk;doughstageistoolatetospray.Wheattreatedearlierforviruspreventionshouldnothavesignificantaphidinfestationoftheheads.


217

Pest Product Rate/acre CommentsCerealLeafBeetle

BaythroidXLKarateZ,othersWarrior,Silencer,others,1ECMustangMAXRespect0.8ECDeclare,ProlexProaxis0.5Tombstone2.0Blackhawk

1.0–1.8floz

1.3–1.9oz

2.6–3.8oz

2.6–3.2oz

1.0–1.5floz

2.6–3.8floz

2.4oz

1.1–3.3oz

CerealleafbeetlesfirsthatchoutinMarchandpeakfeedingoccursinApril.Treatifyouhave1larvaoneveryotherstem(averageof0.5larvae/stem).Karate,Warrior,Silenceralsoprovideseason‐longaphidcontrol.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsofBlackhawkperseason.Ifadditionaltreatmentsarerequired,rotatetoanothereffectiveclassofinsecticides.

TrueArmyworm

BaythroidXL1ECKarateZ,othersWarrior,Silencer,others,1ECLannateLVLannate90SPMustangMAXRespect0.8ECDeclare,ProlexProaxis0.5Radiant1SCTombstone2.0Blackhawk

1.8–2.4floz

1.9oz3.8oz

1.5pt0.5lb

3.2oz

1.5floz3.8fl

3–6oz

2.4oz

1.1–3.3oz

Treatwhenarmywormpopulationsreach2perdrillft.Truearmyworminfestationsusuallyoccurafterflagleafemergence.KarateorWarriortreatmentalsoprovidesseason‐longaphidcontrol.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsofBlackhawkperseason.Ifadditionaltreatmentsarerequired,rotatetoanothereffectiveclassofinsecticides.


218


FallArmyworm

Sevin80SSevinXLRSevin4FKarateZ,othersWarrior,Silencer,others,1ECLannateLVLannate90SPMustangMAXRespect0.8ECDeclare,ProlexProaxis0.5Radiant1SCTombstone2.0Blackhawk

1.75lb1.5qt1.5qt

1.9oz3.8oz

1.5pt0.5lb

3.2oz

1.5floz3.8floz

3–6oz

2.4oz

1.7–3.3oz

Treatifthestandisthreatenedbeforefrost.Fallarmyworminfestationsmayoccuronearlyplantedseedlingstagesmallgrain.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsofBlackhawkperseason.Ifadditionaltreatmentsarerequired,rotatetoanothereffectiveclassofinsecticides.

Grasshoppers

BaythroidXLKarateZ,othersWarrior,Silencer,others,1ECMalathion8ECMalathion57ECMethylParathion4ECPenncap‐MMustangMAX,Respect0.8ECDeclare,ProlexProaxis0.5Tombstone2.0

2.4floz

1.9oz3.8oz

1.25pt2.0pt

1pt

2‐3pt

3.2–4.0oz

1.5floz3.8floz

2.4oz

Grasshopperstypicallyattackwheatafterflagleafemergence.Therearenowellestablishedthresholdsforgrasshoppertreatment.Preventflagleafdefoliation.

SpiderMites/WinterGrainMite

MethylParathion4ECPenncap‐M

1–1.5pt

2‐3pt

Treatwhenmitesarepresentandcausingleafdiscoloration.Lateseason(doughstage)populationsareunlikelytocauseeconomicinjury.


219


HessianFly

VarietalresistanceisthemosteconomicalwaytomanageHessianfly.HFresistancedeclinesovertimeandvariesbylocationdependingonthepredominantracesofHessianflypresent.Treatsusceptiblevarietiesonfarmswithahistoryofeconomicdamage.ProximitytowheatstubblefrompreviouscropincreasesHFrisk.Whenpossible,trytorotatewheatblocksatleast1/3–1/2mileawayfrompreviousyear’sstubble.Wheatplantedinthecoastalplainbefore15NovismostsusceptibletoHF.Wheat,barley,andtriticalearesusceptibletoHF.RyehaslowsusceptibilitytoHessianflyandoatsareimmunetoanyinjury.

HessianFly(continued)

SeedTreatmentEnhanceAWGaucho600,AxcessAttendant600Cruiser5FSGauchoXT+Gaucho600Cruiser5FSFoliarKarateZ,othersWarrior,Silencer,others,1ECDeclare,Proaxis

4oz/100lb

2.4floz/100

lb

3.4floz+1.0floz/100lb

1.33floz/100lb

1.9oz3.8oz

1.54oz3.84oz

Barleyistolerant.Damageonlyoccursundersevereinfestations.RyeishighlyresistantandoatsareimmunetoHessianfly.SeedtreatmentswillsuppressbutnotcontrolHessianfly.Seedtreatmentsalsoprovideearlyseasoncontrolofaphidsandbarleyyellowdwarf.EnhanceAWandGauchoXTalsocontrolsmutandcertainseedlingdiseases.GauchoXTonlyhasone‐halftheinsecticideactiveingredientofthe1.6ozrateofGaucho600.Adding0.8ozGaucho600toGauchoXTgivesthesamelevelofa.i.as1.6ozGaucho600.Foliartreatmentatearlypostemergence(2‐4leafstage)mayreducefallinfestationonsusceptiblevarieties.Marchtreatment(jointing)timedtospringHFegglayingisrecommendedif10%ofstemsareinfestedbyFebruary.

Insecticideseedtreatmentnote:Theamountofinsecticideactiveingredientactuallyappliedto100lbofseedforlabeledratesofimidiclopridformulationsisasfollows:EnhanceAW4oz(0.05lbai);GauchoXT3.4floz(0.03lbai)+Gaucho6001.6floz(0.06lbai)=0.094ai;Gaucho6002.4floz(0.094ai).


220

SmallGrainInsecticideUsePrecautionsActiveIngedient BrandName Pre‐Harvest

(Days)Pre‐Grazing(Days) SmallGrainsLabeled

beta‐cyfluthrin BaythroidXL1EC 30 7 wheatcarbaryl Sevin 21 7 wheat,triticalecyfluthrin Tombstone2.0 30 7 wheat,triticaleflupyradifurone Sivanto200SL 21 nograzing

restrictionwheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

imidacloprid EnhanceAW,Gaucho

45 45 wheat,oats,barley

lambda‐cyhalothrin

KarateZ2.08Warrior

30 7 wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

gammacyhalothrin

Declare,Proaxis0.5 30 7 wheat,triticale

malathion Malathion 7 7 wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

methomyl Lannate 7 10 wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

methylparathion Methyl4ECPenncap‐M

15 15 wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

spinetoram Radiant1SC 21 3 wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

spinosad TracerBlackhawk

2121

14oncematerialdries

wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

sulfoxaflor Transform50WG 14 7 wheat,barley,triticalethiamethoxam Cruiser5FS seedtreat. nograzing

restrictionwheat,barley,triticale

zeta‐cypermethrin

MustangMAXRespect0.8EC

14 14 wheat,triticale


221

SMALLGRAINDISEASECONTROLDavidGunter,ExtensionFeedGrainSpecialist

DiseasesProduct RateFloz

/AcComments

PowderyMildew,LeafRust,Leaf/GlumeBlotch,TanSpot,StripeRust

AproachAproachPrimaCarambaTebuconazole(genericFolicur)Headline2.1PriaxorProlineProsaroQuadris2.1FQuiltQuiltXcelStrategoYLDTwinlineTilt3.6ECPropiMax3.6EC

6‐12oz3.4‐6.8oz10oz4oz6‐9oz4‐8oz4.3‐5.76.5oz6.2‐10.8oz10‐14oz7‐14oz4oz9oz4oz4oz

Themosteffectivepreventativefungicidetimingforwheatyieldresponseisusuallyjustaftertheflagleafhasfullyemerged(bootstage).Thisflagleafapplicationusuallycontrolsthetwogreatestyieldthreats–leafrustandglumeblotch.Ifheadscabisaconcern,aslightlylatertiming(seecommentsbelow)stillprovidessomerustandglumeblotchprotection.Wheatwith60bu/acyieldpotentialismostlikelytorespondtofungicidetreatment.Treatpowderymildewif20%ofleafareaisinfectedonleafbelowflagleaf,andcool(high<75F),wetweatherpredicted.NOTE:Earlytreatmentsforpowderymildewduringtilleringdonotprovideadequateresidualcontrolofrustinfections.LeafRustsusceptiblevarietiesshouldbetreatedpreventativelyatfullyemergedflagleaf,oratthefirstsignofrustifearlier.Treatforleaf/glumeblotchortanspotif25%ofstemshavealesiononleafbelowflagleaf.ThusfareconomicinjuryfromstriperusthasbeenrareinSC.Striperustisaveryaggressivediseasewhichrespondsbesttopreventativetreatmentoftheemergedflagleaf.StandardpreventativetreatmentatflagleafemergenceshouldpreventdamageunderS.C.conditions.Ifarescuetreatmentisneededforstriperust(notcommonleafrust)useTilt.

HeadScab CarambaTebuconazoleProlineProsaro

14–17oz4oz5.0–5.7oz6.5–8.5oz

Applicationsforheadscabshouldbemadewhen50%oftheheadsarefullyemerged.Scabsuppressionrequiresexcellentcoverageoftheheads.Seelabelfornozzleandsprayvolumerecommendations.HarvestRestrictionis30days.


222

SmutsandSeedlingblights Product

Rateflordryozper100lbSeed

Comments

Baytan30RTUBaytan‐ThiramDividendXLRTADividendXLDividendExtremeRaxilGauchoXTVitavax200RTUVitavax‐ThiramEnhanceAW

0.75‐1.5oz4.5‐9.0oz5.0‐10.0oz1.0‐2.0oz0.5‐1.0oz3.5‐4.6floz3.4floz2.0oz2.0‐4.0oz4oz

Note:Fungicideseedtreatmentsproviderelativelycheapstandinsuranceandsmutprotection.Growerandcommerciallyappliedavailable.Raxilformulatedinvariouscombinationswithotherfungicides,insecticides.GauchoXTalsocontrolaphidsandgivessomeHessianflysuppression.EnhanceAWisahopperboxfungicideandinsecticidetreatmentwhichalsocontrolsaphidsandgivessomeHessianflysuppression.

DiseaseResponsetoSmallGrainFungicides Rate

(floz)PowderyMildew

LeafandGlumeBlotch

TanSpot StripeRust LeafRust HeadScab

Aproach 6‐12 G G G E G‐E PAproachPrima 3.4‐6.8 G‐E G G E G‐E PCaramba 10‐17 G G F G‐E E GTebuconazole(genericFolicur)

4 F G G G‐E E F

Headline 6‐9 F G‐E E G‐E E P

Proline 4.3‐5.7 G G G G‐E E GProsaro 6.5‐8.5 G G G G‐E E GPriaxor 4‐8 G G G G‐E E FQuadris 6.2‐10.8 F G E G‐E E PQuilt 10‐14 G‐E G E E E PQuiltXcel 7‐14 G‐E G E E E PStrategoYLD 4 E G E G G PTwinline 7‐9 G‐E G E E E FTilt 4 E G G G G PE=excellent,G=good,F=fair,P=poor


223

SmallGrainFungicideUsePrecautionsActiveIngedient BrandName ApplicationRestriction SmallGrains

LabeledFoliarFungicidesazoxystrobin Quadris uptoflowering wheat,barleymetconazole Caramba 30daypreharvest wheat,barley,oats,

ryetriticalemetconazole+pyraclostrobin

Twinline,Multiva 30daypreharvest wheat,barley,oats,ryetriticale

picoxystrobin Aproach uptoflowering wheat,barley,oats,ryetriticale

picoxystrobin+cyproconazole

AproachPrima 45daypreharvest wheat,triticale

propiconazole Tilt,PropiMax,Bumper uptoflowering wheat,barley,rye,oats

propiconazole+azoxystrobin Quilt,QuiltXcel uptoflowering wheat,barley,triticale

propiconazole+trifloxystrobin

Stratego uptofullyemergedflagleaf

wheat

prothioconazole Proline 30daypreharvest wheat,barley,oats,rye,triticale

prothioconazole+tebuconazole

Prosaro 30daypreharvest wheat,barley,oats

pyraclostrobin Headline uptoflowering wheat,rye,barleytebuconazole Orius,Monsoon,Tebuzol,etc. 30daypreharvest wheat,barleySeedTreatments carboxin+captan EnhanceAW seedtreatment wheat,barley,oatscarboxin‐thiram Vitavax200,RTUVitavax‐

Thiramseedtreatment wheat,oats,barley,

ryedifenoconazole+metalaxyl DividendXL,Dividend

Extremeseedtreatment wheat,barley

fludioxonil Maxim4FS seedtreatment wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

mefenoxan ApronXL,ApronXL‐LS seedtreatment wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

sedaxane+difenoconazole+mefenoxam

VibranceExtreme seedtreatment wheat,oats,barley,rye,triticale

tebuconazole Raxil seedtreatment wheatoats,barleytriadimenol Baytan30 seedtreatment wheat,oats,barley,

rye


224

SOYBEANWEEDCONTROLMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean




Aim2EC/1.9EW(carfentrazone)

1.0‐2.0oz 0.016‐0.032lb 14 3days 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimebeforeplanting.Forbestresults,applywhenweedsarelessthan4inchestall(lessthan3inchrosettes).Usehigherratefortreatinglargerweeds.AddaCOC(1‐2galper100galsspraysolution,NIS(1qtper100gals spray solution),orMSO (1‐2galper100galsof spray solution).Add2,4‐D to improve controlof cutleafeveningprimroseandwildradish.Tankmixpartners includeGLYPHOSATE,LIBERTY,GRAMOXONE,2,4‐DLVE,orCLARITY.Rainfastinterval=6‐8hours.

Clarity4S(dicamba)Banvel4S

4.0‐16oz 0.13‐0.5lb 4 ‐‐‐ 24hours

Comments:ApplyCLARITYorBANVELtocontrolemergedbroadleafweedbeforesoybeanplanting.FollowinganapplicationofCLARITYorBANVELandaminimumaccumulationof1”rainfalloroverheadirrigation,awaitingintervalof14daysisrequiredfor8oz/Aorlessand28daysfor16oz/A.Theseintervalsmustbeobservedbeforeplantingsoybeansorcropinjurymayoccur.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Envive41.3DF(chlorimuron+flumioxazin+thifensulfuron)

2.5‐4.0oz

0.014‐0.023lb+

0.046‐0.073lb+

0.005‐0.007lb

2142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyENVIVE7to14daysbeforesoybeanplanting.Toensurepropercoverageoftargetweeds(1‐3”tall), use 10 to 30 gallons of spray solution per acre. ENVIVEmay be tankmixedwith 2,4‐D LVE,GLYPHOSATE,CLARITY,orGRAMOXONE.Iftankmixingwith2,4‐D,observethemorerestrictivewaitingintervalfor(14‐30days,dependingonrate).Rainfastinterval=1hour.


0.5‐2.0oz 0.0008‐0.003lb 14 ‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:SoybeanmaybeplantedanytimeafterETapplication.Forbestresult,applyETtobroadleafweedslessthan4inchestallorrosetteslessthan3inchesindiameter.Donotapplymorethan2.0oz/Aforburndown.AddasuitableadjuvantlikeNISat1.0%v/v(1galper100galofspraysolution)tooptimizeweedcontrol.Groundapplicationrequiresminimumof10gallons/A.Donotallowlivestocktograzeintreatedareas.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


225

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean(cont)




Fierce76DF(flumioxazin+pyroxasulfone)

3.0‐3.75oz 0.063‐0.079lb

+0.080‐0.100lb

1415

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIERCEanytimebeforesoybeanplanting.Donotapplymorethan3.75oz/AofFIERCEduringasinglegrowingseason.AddaCOCat1pt/AorNISat0.5%v/v(2qtper100galofspraysolution)plusAMSat17lbsper 100 gal of water. Tank mix partners include 2,4‐D LVE, COMMAND, EXTREME, METRIBUZIN, FIRSTRATE,GLYPHOSATE, LIBERTY, LOROX, PARAQUAT, PURSUITPLUS, PENDIMETHALIN, PYTHON, SCEPTER, SELECTMAX,VALOR, and VALOR XLT. Spray equipment, includingmixing vessels and nurse tanks, must be cleaned each dayfollowingFIERCEapplication.

FirstRate84WDG(chloransulam‐methyl)

0.3‐0.8oz 0.016‐0.042lb 2 65days 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIRSTRATEupto14daysbeforeplantingsoybean.Providescontrolofmarestailupto6inchesinheight. For improved control of emergedweeds at the time of application, tankmix FIRSTRATEwith 2,4‐D LVE,GRAMOXONE,orGLYPHOSATE.Rainfastinterval=2hours.

FirstShot50SG(thifensulfuron+tribenuron)

0.5‐0.8oz

0.125‐0.20lb+

0.125‐0.20lb

22

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIRSTSHOT7daysbeforesoybeanplanting.Ifapplyingtocoarsesoils,suchassands,loamysands,andsandyloams,waitanadditional7daystoplant.AddCOCat1gal/100galorNISat2ptper100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizer(UANat2qt/AorAMSat2lb/A).FIRSTSHOTmaybetankmixedwith2,4‐DLVE(improvedcontrol of cutleaf eveningprimrose, henbit, and Carolina geranium), GLYPHOSATE, CLARITY, LIBERTY, orGRAMOXONE.Iftankmixingwith2,4‐D,observethemorerestrictivewaitingintervalfor(14‐30days,dependingonrate,see2,4‐Dcomments).

FlexstarGT3.29SL(fomesafen+glyphosate)

3.0‐4.5pt

0.25‐0.37lb+

1.0‐1.6lb

149

45days 24hours

Comments: ApplyFLEXSTARGT7 to14daysbeforesoybeanplanting.FLEXSTARGT is formulatedwithbuilt‐inadjuvantsystemwhichminimizestheneedforadditionalsprayadjuvants.AddAMSat8.5‐17lbper100gallonsofwater.Underconditionswheretargetweedsareunderstressincludingmoistureortemperature,addCOCorMSOat2‐4qtper100gallonsofwaterorNISat1‐2qtper100gallonsofwater.Useofdriftcontrolagentsisnotrecommended.Donotexceed4.5ptofFLEXSTARGTperacreperseason.Rainfastinterval=2hours.


226

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean(cont.)




GangsterV51WDG(flumioxazin)+GangsterFR84DF(chloransulam)

2.5‐3.0oz+

0.5‐0.6oz

0.080‐0.096lb+

0.026‐0.032lb

142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:GANGSTERisaco‐packofGANGSTERVandGANGSTERFR.Applyaminimumof14daysbeforeplantingsoybeans.Ifweedsarepresent,tankmixwithGLYPHOSATE,GRAMOXONE,or2,4‐D.DonottankmixVALORinsoybeanfieldswith products containing flufenacent (AXIOM), alachlor (INTRRO),metolachlor (DUAL), or dimethenamid‐p(OUTLOOK) as severe crop injurymay occur if prolonged, cool wet conditions follow application. For additionalresidualgrassandbroadleafcontrol,tankmixwithPROWL,COMMAND,SCEPTER,METRIBUZIN,PYTHON,LOROX,and/orSQUADRON.Besureto followtheclean‐out instructionsforremovingGANGSTER fromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletGANGSTERsitovernightinthetank.


4.5lbae/gal

22‐32oz

0.75‐1.13lbae

9 7days 4hours

Comments: Apply in 10‐20 gal ofwater 2 to 4weeksprior to your anticipatedplantingdate to control existinggroundcover.Inmostfields,afollow‐upapplicationofGRAMOXONEwillbeneededatplanting.ConsultproductlabeltodetermineifaNISisneeded.Rainfastinterval=2hours.

Goal2XL(oxyfluorfen)

1.0‐2.0pt 0.25‐0.5lb 14 7days 24hours

Comments: Apply GOAL 2XL a minimum of 7 days before planting soybeans. Tank mix with GLYPHOSATE orPARAQUAT for control of larger winter annual broadleaf weeds or annual grasses in fallow beds (fall or latewinter/early spring burndown). Provides postemergence and soil residual control of horseweed, pigweeds, andhenbit.


2.0‐4.0pt

1.5‐2.0pt

0.5‐1.0lb

0.5‐0.75lb

22 7days 12hours

Comments:GRAMOXONEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Applyinaminimumof10GPAatplantingorasafollow‐up toanearlierapplicationofGLYPHOSATE.Controls chickweed,henbit, andcutleafeveningprimrosebetter thanGLYPHOSATE.AddNISat1qt/100galofspraymix.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.

Leadoff33.4WG(rimsufluron+thifensufluron)

1.5oz 0.0157lb

+0.0157lb

22

‐‐‐ 4hours

Comments: Apply LEADOFF a minimum of 30 days before planting soybeans. For best performance, groundapplicationshouldbeaminimumof15gallonsofwater/acre.Forcontrolofemergedweeds,addCOCat1galper100galorMSOat0.5galper100galorNISat1qtper100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizersuchasUAN(28%‐32% N) at 2 qt/A or AMS at 2 lb/A. LEADOFF may be tank mixed with GLYPHOSATE, PARAQUAT, 2,4‐D LVE,FIRSTSHOT,CINCH,andDICAMBA.


227






29‐36floz 0.53‐0.66lb 10 70days 12hours

Comments:Thoroughspraycoverageisessentialforoptimumperformance.Groundapplicationrequiresaminimumof15gallonsofwater/acre.Denseweedcanopiesrequire20to40gallonsperacre.Bestresultsobtainedwhendaytimetempsexceed75F.Consultlabelformoredetails.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


2.0pt

1.09lb+

0.23lb

1514

90days 24hours

Comments:ApplyPREFIXupto15dayspriortoplantingsoybeans.Ifweedsarepresentatthetimeofapplication,tankmixwithGLYPHOSATE,GRAMOXONE,or2,4‐D.Dryweatherfollowingapplicationmayreducetheeffectivenessofresidualcontrol.


0.8‐1.0oz 0.04‐0.05lb 2 85days 12hours

Comments:ApplyPYTHONupto30daysbeforeplantingsoybeans.Ifweedsarepresentattimeofapplication,tankmixwith2,4‐D,GLYPHOSATE,GRAMOXONE,orLIBERTY.UsethelowerrateofPYTHONonsoilsthathaveasandorloamysandtexturethroughouttheprofile.DonotuseinareaswherethesoilpHisgreaterthan7.8asthismayresultinunacceptablecropinjury.



Comments:ApplySHARPENaminimumof30daysbeforeplantingsoybeansforcoarsesoilswith less than2.0%organicmatter.Preplantintervalforsoilswithgreaterthan2%organicmatteis14days(1.5oz/ASHARPENrate)and30days(2.0oz/ASHARPENuserate).AddMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizer(UANat1.25‐2.5galsper100galorAMSat8.5‐17lbs/100gals).SHARPENmaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATE,CLARITY,PROWL, PURSUIT, or SCEPTER. SHARPEN may be tank mixed with other MOA=14 products (i.e., VALOR orAUTHORITY) if aminimum of 14 days passes between application and planting. Group 14 herbicides labeled forpostemergenceapplicationinsoybeanmaybeused14daysafteremergence.Donotapplymorethan0.089lbai/Asaflufenacilfromallproductsourcespercroppingseason.DonotapplySHARPENwithin30daysofplantingwhereanat‐plantingapplicationofanorganophoshateorcarbamateinsecticideisplannedorhasoccurredorseverecropinjurymayoccur.Soybeanforagemaybefedorgrazed65daysormoreafterapplication.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


228





SynchronyXP28.4DG(chlorimuron‐ethyl+thifensulfuron)

0.375‐0.75oz/A 0.005‐0.010lb

+0.002‐0.003lb

22

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplySYNCHRONYXPupto30daysbeforeplantingsoybeans.Addcropoilconcentrateat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusammoniumsulfateat2lb/Aorureaammoniumnitrateat2qt/A.Ifweedsgreaterthan3inchesinheightarepresent,tankmixwithoneoremoreofthefollowingdependingonweedspectrum,GLYPHOSATE,2,4‐DLVE,DICAMBA,PARAQUAT,GLUFOSINATE,SHARPEN,orVALOR.Provideslimitedresidualcontrolofsicklepod,commoncocklebur,annualmorningglory,andmarestail.Donotapplymorethat0.051lbaiofchloriumronethylperacreperyear.Donotapplymore0.047lbaiofthifensulfuronperacreperyear.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

ValorSX51WDG(flumioxazin)ValorEZ4SC

2.0‐3.0oz

2.0‐3.0floz

0.064‐0.096lb 14 60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVALORaminimumof15gallonsofwateratleast14daysbeforeplantingsoybeans.AddMSOorCOCat1‐2ptper100galofspraymixtureorNISat0.25%v/v(1qtper100galofspraymixture).Ifweedsarepresent,tankmixwithGLYPHOSATE,2,4‐DLVE,orGRAMOXONE.Foradditionalresidualgrassandbroadleafcontrol,tankmixwithPROWL,COMMAND,SCEPTER,METRIBUZIN,PYTHON,LOROX,and/orSQUADRON.Areas(i.e.,inthecroprows)thatareexcessivelydisturbedduringtheplantingoperationmayseediminishedweedcontrol.Besuretofollowtheclean‐outinstructionsforremovingVALORfromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletVALORsitovernightinthetank.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

ValorXLT40.3WDG(flumioxazin+chlorimuron)

3.0‐5.0oz

0.057‐0.094lb+

0.019‐0.032lb

142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: ApplyVALORXLTaminimumof14dayspriortoplantingsoybeans.Forenhancedresidualcontrolofweedsinreducedtillagefields,tankmixwithBOUNDARY,DOMAIN,ALACHLOR,S‐METOLACHLOR,DIMETHENAMID,or FLUFENACET. Areas (i.e., in the crop rows) that are excessively disturbed by the planting operation may seediminishedweedcontrol.DonotapplyVALORXLTwithin14daysbeforeorafteranapplicationofanorganophosphateinsecticideonanysoybeanvarietythatisnotSTSorSTS/RR.Besuretofollowtheclean‐outinstructionsforremovingVALORXLTfromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletVALORXLTsitovernightinthetank.

Verdict5.57EC(saflufenacil+dimethenamid‐p)

5.0floz

0.022lb+

0.195lb

1415

80days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVERDICTaminimumof30daysbeforeplantingsoybeansforcoarse(sand,loamysand,andsandyloam)soilswithlessthan2.0%organicmatter.Nopreplantintervalisrequiredforcoarsesoilswithgreaterthan2.0%organicmatterandallmedium/finesoils.AddMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizer(UANat1.25‐2.5galsper100galorAMSat8.5‐17lbs/100gals).VERDICTmaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATEorCLARITY.Iftankmixingwithglyphosate,AMSisrecommended.DonotapplyVERDICTwithotherGroup14products(i.e.,AIM,VALOR, VALOR XLT, ET, PREFIX, or AUTHORITY) due to crop injury potential. Group 14 herbicides labeled forpostemergenceapplicationinsoybeanmaybeused14daysafteremergence.Donotapplymorethan0.089lbaiofsaflufenacilperacrefromallproductsourcespercroppingseason.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedsoybeanforage,hay,orstrawtolivestock.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


229






Zidua85WG(pyroxasulfone)ZiduaSC4.17SC

1.5‐3.0oz

2.5‐5.0floz

0.080‐0.159lb

0.081‐0.163lb

15 None 12hours

Comments:ApplyZIDUA/ZIDUASC15to45dayspriortoplantingsoybeans.Forenhancedburndownand/orresidualcontrolofweedsinreducedtillagefields,tankmixwithOPTILL,OUTLOOK,PROWLH2O,PURSUIT,RAPTOR,SCEPTER,VERDICT,andGLYPHOSATE.Donotapplymorethan2.1oz/AofZIDUAor3.5floz/AofZIDUASCpercroppingseasononcoarsetexturedsoils.DonotmakemorethanoneapplicationofZIDUASCtosoybeaninthespring.Soybeanmustbeplantedaminimumof1inchdeep.

ZiduaPRO4.09SC(saflufenacil+imazethapyr+pyroxasulfone)

4.5‐6.0floz 0.017‐0.022lb

+0.047‐0.062lb

+0.08‐0.107lb

14215

85days 12hours

Comments:ApplyZIDUAPROaminimumof30daysbeforeplantingsoybeansforcoarse(sand,loamysand,andsandyloam)soilswithlessthan2.0%organicmatter.Nopreplantintervalisrequiredforcoarsesoilswithgreaterthan2.0%organicmatterandallmedium/finesoils.AddMSOat1galper100galofspraysolutionplusnitrogenfertilizer(UANat 1.25‐2.5 gals per 100 gal or AMS at 8.5‐17 lbs/100 gals). OPTILLmay be tankmixed with CLARITY, PROWL,OUTLOOK, SHARPEN, ZIDUA, andGLYPHOSATE.Do not apply ZIDUAPROwith other Group 14 products, such asflumioxazinorsulfentrazone,asatankmixorsequentialapplicationwithin30daysofplantingbecausecropinjurymay result. Group 14 herbicides labeled for postemergence application in soybean may be used 14 days afteremergence.Donotapplymorethan6.0oz/AofZIDUAPROinasingleapplicationorcumulativelypercroppingseason.Donotapplymorethan0.089lbai/Aofsaflufenacilpercroppingseasoninsoybeanfromallproductsources.Donotapplymore than 0.112 lb ai/A of pyroxasulfone on coarse soils per cropping season in soybean from all productsources.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedsoybeanforage,hay,orstrawtolivestock.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

2,4‐DAmine3.8S(various)2,4‐DLVE3.8S

1.0‐2.0pt 0.475‐0.95lb 4 ‐‐‐ 48hours

Comments:Apply15(1.0pt/A)to30days(2.0pt/A)priortoplantingsoybeans.Usethehigherrateonlargerweeds.Do not use on a light, sandy soil, or where soil moisture is limiting weed growth. Very effective on cutleafeveningprimrose,wildmustard,andPalmeramaranth(small).Canbetank‐mixedwithotherburndownherbicides(see label). Do not exceed 2.0 pt/A (1.0 lb ae/A) per season. Do not use an ester formulation if sensitive crops,particularlycotton,tobacco,orvegetables,arewithinamileoftheapplicationsite.


230

WeedandCoverCropResponsetoBurndown/PreplantHerbicidesinSoybean1

Aim/ET2

Glyphosate2

Glyphosate+2,4‐D

2

Glyphosate+Clarity

2

Glyphosate+Leadoff2

Glyphosate+Sharpen

2

Glyphosate+ValorSX2

Gramoxone2

Gramoxone+2,4‐D

2

Gramoxone+Clarity

2

Gramoxone+ValorSX2

Liberty

2

barley,little F E E E E E E G G G G G

bluegrass,annual G F F F E E E G G G G P

buttercups G E E E E E E E E E E E

chickweed,common G F G GE E E E E E GE E E

clovers P PF F FG G E F G G GE GE F

cudweed G E E E E E E FG FG FG FG G

dandelion P P E E E G G N E GE P FG

dock,curly P PF G GE F F G F FG GE P G

eveningprimrose,cutleaf GE PF E GE E E FG F E GE E G

geranium,Carolina GE FG E E E E E GE E GE E GE

henbit/deadnettle G F G GE E E E G GE E E G

horseweed(marestail) G E GE E GE E GE F GE E GE GE

mustard,wild G FG E G G E GE FG E G GE GE

pansy,field G F F F ‐‐‐ E F G G G G G

peanut,volunteer F F F G P GE FG P F GE F GE

pepperweed,Virginia G G E GE E E G G GE G G G

radish,wild G FG GE GE G E GE G GE GE GE GE

ryegrass,Italian F G F F E E G FG FG FG FG P

sorrel,red F E E E G G E E E E E PF

spurry,corn G GE GE GE E E G FG G G G ‐‐‐

swinecress G FG G G E E FG PF FG FG PF GE

vetch GE F E E E E FG G GE GE GE GE

wheat/ryecovercrop P E E E E E E FG F F G F1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Herbicideratesforburndownare:ET/Aimat1.0oz/A;Glyphosateat0.75lbae/A(22oz/Aof4.5lbae/galor32oz/Aof3.0lbae/gal);2,4‐Dat1‐2pt/A;Clarityat8oz/A;Leadoffat1.5oz/A;Sharpenat1.0oz/A;Gramoxoneat3.0pt/A;ValorSXat3.0oz/A;andLibertyat29oz/A.


231

Glyphosate‐ResistantPalmerAmaranthProgramsinSoybean1

Palmer amaranth populations exist in South Carolina that are resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitingherbicides(i.e.,Harmony,Classic,andPython)anddinitroaniline(yellow)herbicides(i.e.,Prowl,Treflan,andSonalan),andglyphosate(i.e.,Roundup).

TherecentintroductionofXtend(dicambatolerant)soybeanhasallowedgrowerstouseanadditionalmode‐of‐actionto control glyphosate and ALS‐resistant Palmer amaranth. Please read the labels and follow the recommendedstewardship practices tomaintain their future availability in soybean. Use of overlapping residual herbicides androtationofpostemergenceherbicideswillstillbeanimportantpartofthesenewvarieties.

SeedProgram PRE 1stPOST2 2ndPOST

RoundupReady

ValorSX4orReflex4 glyphosate+Reflex4orglyphosate+Flexstar4or

glyphosate+UltraBlazer4orglyphosate+Cobra4or

Sequence

Glyphosate+residual

ValorXLT4orPrefix4orEnvive4

DualMagnum,Intrro,Outlook,Prowl5,Boundary,Fierce,Axiom,Zidua

LibertyLink

ValorSX4orReflex4 Liberty+Reflex4orLiberty+Flexstar4or

Liberty+UltraBlazer4orLiberty+Cobra4

Liberty+DualMagnum

Liberty+residualValorXLT4orPrefix4orEnvive4

DualMagnum,Boundary,Axiom,Intrro,Outlook,Fierce,Zidua,Prowl5

Conventional

Prowl5,ValorSX4,ValorXLT4,orReflex4Reflex4or

UltraBlazer4orCobra4

Ifneeded3Canopy6,Boundary,Axiom,Intrro,DualMagnum,Outlook,Boundary,Fierce,Zidua,

orProwl5

Reflex4orUltraBlazer4or

Cobra4

Prefix4 Reflex4/UltraBlazer4/Cobra4

Xtend

ValorSX4orReflex4 Dicamba7+

Glyphosate+

Warrant/WarrantUltra/Reflex

Dicamba7+

Glyphosate+

Warrant/WarrantUltra

ValorXLT4orPrefix4orEnvive4

DualMagnum,Intrro,Outlook,Prowl5,Boundary,Fierce,Axiom,Zidua

1Glyphosate‐ andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranthbiotypesareprevalent inSouthCarolina soybeans.Anaggressiveprogramofoverlappingresidualsandrotationofpostemergenceherbicideisnecessarytoslowthespreadofresistance.2Whenappliedincombinationwithglyphosate(RoundupReady)orLiberty(LibertyLink),use16oz/AofReflexorFlexstar,1.0pt/AofUltraBlazer,12.5oz/AofCobra.ApplicationsshouldbemadebeforePalmeramaranthexceeds2inchesinheight.3Asecondpostemergenceapplicationmaynotbeneeded.IfReflexorwasappliedearlier,useUltraBlazerorCobraforasecondapplication(IfRoundupReady, includeglyphosate ifneededforadditionalweeds).DonotmakeasecondapplicationofReflex.ReflexmaybepreferredbecauseofresidualcontrolofPalmeramaranth.4Valor,ValorXLT(Valor+Classic),Envive(Valor+Harmony+Classic),Cobra,Prefix(Reflex+DualMagnum),Reflex,Flexstar,andUltraBlazerhavethesamemodeofaction(PPOinhibitor).Therefore,donotmakemorethan1applicationoftheseherbicidesinasingleseason.5IfPalmeramaranthisnotcontrolledbyProwl,Treflan,orSonalan(DNA‐resistance);useDualMagnum,Outlook,orIntrroinstead.6WhenusingCanopy,followlabelforsoilpHrestrictionsandsoybeanvarietytolerance.7USEONLYXTENDIMAX,FEXAPAN,ORENGENIADICAMBAHERBICIDESONXTEND(DICAMBATOLERANT)SOYBEANVARIETIES.Do not use any other dicamba product on XTEND soybeans. Consult the website XTENDIMAX/FEXAPAN/ENGENIA tank mixwebsitesforapprovedresidualherbicidetankmixpartnersforDICAMBA.


232

WeedResponsetoSoilAppliedHerbicidesforSoybeanWeedManagement1 PPI2 PPI2orPRE3

Treflan/Sonalan

AuthorityMAXX

AuthorityMTZ

Axiom

Boundary

Canopy

Command

DualMagnum

Intrro

Outlook

Prefix

Prowl

anoda,spurred P G G G G ‐‐‐ E P P P ‐‐‐ P

barnyardgrass E F G GE GE F GE GE GE GE GE E

beggarweed,Florida P G G G G G ‐‐‐ P F P P P

bermudagrass P P P P P P PF P P P P P

citronmelon P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F F F G P P P ‐‐‐ P

cocklebur,common P F G F F GE F P P P G P

cowpea P P P P F F P P P P P P

crabgrass E F F E E G E E E E E E

crotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G G G ‐‐‐ P P P P P

croton,tropic P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE G G P P P FG P

crowfootgrass E ‐‐‐ P GE GE G G G E E G E

dayflower,Benghal P P F GE GE G F G GE G E P

eclipta G ‐‐‐ G GE GE G G GE GE GE G G

goosegrass E F FG E E G G E E E E E

jimsonweed P G G GE GE G FG P P P ‐‐‐ P

johnsongrass,seedling E F F GE GE P F F F F PF E

johnsongrass,rhizome P P P P P P P P P P P P

lambsquarters,common GE G GE GE GE GE GE F F FG E GE

morninggloryspp. P E E G G G P P P P PF FP

nutsedge,purple P G G P P P P P P P ‐‐‐ P

nutsedge,yellow P G G P P F P FG F F GE P

panicum,fall E F P GE GE ‐‐‐ G G G G E E

panicum,Texas GE F P P P G FG P P P F GE


GEGEP

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

GGG

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

PFPFPF

GGG

GGG

GGG

EEE

FGFGP

poinsettia,wild P ‐‐‐ F GE GE G P P P P E P

pusley,Florida E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E E FG G G G E E

ragweed,common P F GE GE GE G FG P PF F G P

sandbur E F ‐‐‐ GE GE P F G G FG GE E

senna,coffee P G ‐‐‐ GE GE G F P PF P P P

sesbania,hemp P FG P GE GE GE P P P P P P

sicklepod P G G GE GE G P P PF P P P

sida,prickly P ‐‐‐ G GE GE GE G F G P ‐‐‐ P

signalgrass,broadleaf G F F GE GE FG E FG FG FG G G

smartweed,Pennsylvania P ‐‐‐ E GE G G E P P P F P

starbur,bristly P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE G ‐‐‐ P F P E P

velvetleaf P G GE GE GE G E P P P ‐‐‐ P1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,70%orless;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2PPI=PreplantIncorporated3PRE=Preemergence


233

WeedResponsetoSoilAppliedHerbicidesforSoybeanWeedManagement(cont.)1 PRE3orPPI2 PRE3

Pursuit

Python

Reflex

Scepter

Spartan

Envive

Fierce

Gangster

Linuron

SpartanCharge

ValorSX

ValorXLT

Zidua/Anthem

Warrant

anoda,spurred E E ‐‐‐ P G E E G P G F E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐

barnyardgrass P P P P F P E P GE P P P E E

beggarweed,Florida P FG P P E GE GE GE G G GE GE GE F

bermudagrass P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

citronmelon PF ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ G G G ‐‐‐ G G G G ‐‐‐

cocklebur,common G GE G E GE FG FG F P GE P FG P P

crabgrass P P FG F FG P P P G FG P P GE E

crowfootgrass P P ‐‐‐ P F P P P G F P P GE E

cowpea P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

crotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G G G ‐‐‐ G G G P

croton,tropic ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG P ‐‐‐ E E GE PF ‐‐‐ G E G P

dayflower,Benghal FG ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F G FG GE

eclipta G G GE ‐‐‐ GE GE GE GE G ‐‐‐ GE GE G G

goosegrass P P ‐‐‐ PF FG P P P G FG P P GE E

jimsonweed GE P ‐‐‐ FG E E E GE F E G GE G F

johnsongrass,seedling P P ‐‐‐ P F P P P P F P P GE P

johnsongrass,rhizome P P ‐‐‐ P P P P P P N P P P P

lambsquarters,common F E E G E E E GE GE E GE GE G FG

morninggloryspp. GE FG F FG E G G GE G E FG G F P

nutsedge,purple G P P PF E P P P P E P F P P

nutsedge,yellow FG P GE FG E P P P P E P FG P F

panicum,fall P P ‐‐‐ PF FG P P P F FG P P GE G

panicum,Texas P P F F F P P P PF F P P F F


EEE

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

EEE

EEE

EEE

EEE

EEE

GGG

EEE

EEE

EEE

EEE

GEGEGE

poinsettia,wild E G GE G ‐‐‐ GE GE GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG G FG G

pusley,Florida GE G P GE FG GE GE E G FG GE GE G GE

ragweed,common P FG G G P G G GE G P GE G G P

sandbur,field P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ PF P P P G PF P P GE FG

senna,coffee FG F P FG ‐‐‐ FG FG G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ PF FG P P

sesbania,hemp P P P P GE G G GE F GE G E G P

sicklepod P G P F P F F P P P P F P P

sida,prickly E E GE GE P E E GE F P GE E GE G

signalgrass,broadleaf PF P FG PF F P P P P F P P FG FG

smartweed,Pennsylvania G G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ F F P F ‐‐‐ F F G P

starbur,bristly F E G F ‐‐‐ G G G F ‐‐‐ F FG F P

velvetleaf GE GE ‐‐‐ PF GE G G G P PF F G G G1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,70%orless;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2PPI=PreplantIncorporated3PRE=Preemergence


234

PreplantIncorporatedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean




Ingredient


5.0‐10.0floz 0.082‐0.163lb

+0.003‐0.006lb

1514

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: IncorporateANTHEMintotheupper(1‐2inches)soilsurfaceupto14daysbeforeplanting.Deeperincorporationmayincreasethepotentialforcropinjuryandmayresultinreducedweedcontrol.Useappropriateequipment thatprovidesuniformshallow incorporation, suchasa field cultivator, harrow, rolling cultivator, orfinishingdisc.

AuthorityMAXX66DF(sulfentrazone+chlorimuronethyl)

5.0‐7.5oz 0.194‐0.290lb

+0.016‐0.019lb

142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:UniformlyincorporateAUTHORITYMAXXnodeeperthanthetop2inchesofthesoilprofilepriortoplanting soybeans. Improper incorporation can lead to erractic weed control and/or crop injury. Use rate isdependentonsoiltexture,consultlabelformoredetails.DonotapplyAUTHORITYMAXXtocoarsesandsoilswithless than 1.0%orgranicmatter. Do not followAUTHORITYMAXXwith a postemergence application of anotherchlorimuron‐ethyl containing herbicide in the same cropping season. Do not tankmix AUTHORITYMAXXwithorganophosphateinsecticides.

AuthorityMTZ45DF(sulfentrazone+metribuzin)

12‐16oz

0.14‐0.18lb+

0.20‐0.27lb

145

120days 12hours

Comments: Incorporateuniformlywithin the top2 inchesof thesoilprofile.Donot incorporatedeeperthan2inches.Userateisdependentonsoiltexture,consultlabelformoredetails.DonotapplyAUTHORITYMTZtocoarsesoilswith less than 1.0%organicmatter. A lower rate (8 to 10 oz/A) of AUTHORITYMTZ is recommended inglyphosate‐tolerantsoybeanproductionsystems.Donotapplymorethan33ozofAUTHORITYMTZperacreperseason(12months fromthe firstapplication).AUTHORITYMTZcontainsmetribuzinwhichhas thepotential toinjuresomevarietiesofsoybeans,consultlabelformoredetails.

Axiom68DF(flufenacet+metribuzin)

7.0‐13.0oz

0.24‐0.44lb+

0.06‐0.11lb

155

120days 12hours

Comments:Incorporateuniformlywithinthetop1‐2inchesofthesoilzoneupto14daysbeforeplanting.Controlscrabgrass, goosegrass, fall panicum, spurge, and purslane. Recommended tankmix partners for AXIOM includeAUTHORITY BROADLEAF, CANOPY, COMMAND, FIRSTRATE, LINEX, PROWL, PYTHON, PURSUIT, SCEPTOR,SENCOR,SONALAN,orTREFLAN.AXIOMcontainsmetribuzinwhichhasthepotentialtoinjuresomevarietiesofsoybeans,consultlabelformoredetails.Donotapplymorethan13ozAXIOMperacreperseason.


235

PreplantIncorporatedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean(cont)




BroadaxeXC7EC(sulfentrazone+s‐metolachlor)

19‐32floz 0.104‐0.175lb

+0.94‐1.58lb

Comments: Incorporateuniformlywithinthetop2inchesofthesoilprofileupto14daysbeforeplanting.Controlpigweed,morningglories, fallpanicum,broadleafsignalgrass,and lambsquarters.Donot incorporatedeeperthan2inches.Userateisdependentonsoiltextureandorganicmattercontent,consultlabelformoredetails.DonotapplyBROADAXEXCtosoilsclassifiedassandwhichhavelessthan1.0%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan38.7fl.ozperacreofBROADAXEXCpercropyear.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedsoybeanforage,hayorstrawtolivestockfor30daysaftertreatment.Donotapplyaftercropseedgermination.

Boundary6.5EC(s‐metolachlor+metribuzin)

1.2‐2.1pt

0.79‐1.38lb+

0.19‐0.33lb

155

160days 12hours

Comments:Incorporateuniformlywithinthetop2inchesofthesoilzone.Userateisdependentonsoiltype,checklabel fordetails.Not recommended foruseon sandswith less than1.0%organicmatter. Canbe tankmixedwithPYTHON,SCEPTER,CANOPY,COMMAND,orPROWL.BOUNDARYcontainsmetribuzinwhichhasthepotentialtoinjuresensitivesoybeanvarieties,consultseeddealerregardinginjurypotential.DonotuseBOUNDARYinconjunctionwithsoil‐appliedorganophosphateinsecticides.

Canopy75DF(metribuzin+chlorimuron)

6.0‐8.0oz

0.24‐0.32lb+

0.04‐0.05lb

52

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Incorporatetoadepthof1to2inchesinthesoilzone.TankmixwithTREFLAN,PROWL,orSONALANforimprovedgrasscontrol.Uselowerrateonsandysoils.CANOPYcontainsmetribuzinwhichhasthepotentialtoinjuresensitivesoybeanvarieties,consultseeddealerregardinginjurypotential.DonottankmixCANOPYwithsoil‐appliedorganophosphate insecticides. Do not apply CANOPY within 14 days before or after an application of anorganophosphateinsecticideasseverecropinjurymayoccur.


1.0‐1.33pt 0.95‐1.27lb

15

100days 24hours

Comments:Incorporatetoadepthof1to2inchesinthesoilzone.Excellentcontrolofannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleaves.TankmixpartnersincludeLOROX,CANOPY,SCEPTER,PURSUIT,SONOLAN,orSENCOR.


0.3‐0.6oz 0.016‐0.032lb

2

65days 12hours

Comments: Incorporatetodepthof1to3 inchesofthefinalseedbedusingequipmentthatprovidesthoroughsoilmixing.DonotapplyFIRSTRATEearlierthan4weeksbeforeplanting(bestresultsoccurwhendone2weeksbeforeplanting).


236





Intrro4EC(alachlor)Micro‐Tech4ME

2.0‐2.75qt

2.0‐2.75lb

15

70days 12hours

Comments:MICRO‐TECHandINTRROareRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDES.Incorporatetoadepthof1‐2inchesdeepinthesoilzone.Excellentcontrolofannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleaves.PerformanceonPalmeramaranthisslightlybetterthanPROWL.Useaminimumof3qt/Aforcontrolofnutsedgeoncoarsetexturedsoils.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Domakemorethanoneapplicationperyearorexceed3qt/Aperseason.

Prowl3.3EC(pendimethalin)ProwlH2O3.8EC

1.8‐2.1pt

1.5‐2.1pt

0.74‐0.87lb

0.71‐1.0lb

3

21days 24hours

Comments:Usetocontrolannualgrasses,seedlingjohnsongrassandFloridapusley.Incorporateinthe2to3inchesoftheseedbedwithinin7daysofapplication;immediateincorporationsuggested.Mechanicalincorporationisnotrequiredifraineventof0.5inchorgreateroccurswithin7daysofapplication.Donotexceed2.1pt/Aperapplication.

Pursuit70DF(imazethapyr)Pursuit2AS

1.44oz

4.0oz

0.063lb

2

85days 4hours

Comments:Incorporatetoadepthof2to3inchesinthesoilzone.Controlsannualbroadleafweedsandsuppressesnutsedge.TankmixwithPROWLorTREFLANforimprovedannualgrassescontrol.PURSUITshouldonlybeappliedonceperseasontosoybeans.DonotapplyCLASSIC,CANOPY,orSCEPTERtofieldpreviouslytreatedwithPURSUIT.DonottankmixwithCOMMAND.


0.8‐1.14oz 0.04‐0.057lb

2

85days 12hours

Comments: Incorporatetoadepthof2to3inchesdeepinthesoilzone.Controlsseveralannualbroadleafweedsincludinglambsquarters,pigweeds,andpricklysida;generally,providescontrolof lighttomoderateinfestationsofFloridabeggarweed,commonragweed,andsicklepod.Marginalcontrolofannualmorningglory.TankmixwithPROWLorTREFLANforimprovedannualgrasscontrol.

Scepter70DF(imazaquin)

2.8oz 0.12lb

2

90days 12hours

Comments: Apply and incorporate 1 to 2 inches deep in the soil zone. Controls Florida beggarweed, annualmorningglory,glyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,andFloridapusley.TankmixwithPROWLorTREFLANforgrasscontrol.Donot applyCLASSIC, CANOPY, SQUADRON,SYNCHRONY,PURSUITPLUS, orPURSUIT to fieldpreviouslytreatedwithSCEPTER.Donotplantcottonwithin18monthsofapplication.

SonalanHFP(ethalfuralin)Sonalan10G

1.5‐2.5pt

5.5‐9.5lb

0.56‐0.94lb

3

‐‐‐ 24hours

Comments:ApplySONALAN2.0to3.0pt/Aforrhizomejohnsongrasscontrol.Forbetterpigweedcontrol,use1.5pt/Aoncoarse‐texturedsoilsand2.0pt/Aonmedium‐texturedsoils.Incorporatetoadepthof2to3inchesimmediatelyafter application. Cross disk for best results. Do not use SCEPTER as a tankmix or as a follow‐up postemergenceapplicationtoSONALAN.Soybeanshouldbeplantednomorethan2inchesdeepafteradverseweatherconditionshaveoccurredsinceapplicationorcropinjurymayoccur.


237





Spartan4F(sulfentrazone)

4.5‐8.0floz 0.14‐0.25lb

14

None 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTAN4Ftothesoilsurfaceandincorporatetoadepthof2inches.Donotincorporatedeeperthan2inches.Impropersoilincorporationmayresultinerraticweedcontroland/orcropinjury.Excellentcontrolofmorningglory,pigweed,lambsquarters,andyellownutsedge.TankmixwithPROWL,TREFLAN,orDUALMAGNUMforimprovedannualgrasscontrol.Donotapplymorethan12floz/AofSPARTANper12monthperiod.DonotapplySPARTANtosoilsclassifiedassandswithlessthan1.0%organicmatter.

Treflan4EC(trifluralin)TreflanTR‐10G

1.0‐1.5pt

5.0‐7.5lb

0.5‐0.75lb

3

60days 12hours

Comments:Controlsannualgrassesandsomesmall‐seededbroadleafweeds,seedlingjohnsongrass.Use2.0to3.0pt/A for rhizome johnsongrass control. For enhancedPalmer amaranth control, use the1.5pt/A rate. IncorporateTREFLANtoadepthof2to3incheswithin24hoursafterapplication.Crossdiskforbestresults.Soybeanshouldnotbeplantedafteradverseweatherconditionshaveoccurredsinceapplicationorcropinjurymayoccur.


1.5‐3.0oz

2.5‐5.0floz.

0.080‐0.159lb

0.081‐0.162lb

15

None 12hours

Comments: ApplyZIDUAincorporatedup to14daysprior toplantingsoybeans.Forenhancedburndownand/orresidualcontrolofweedsinreducedtillagefields,tankmixwithPROWLH2O,PURSUIT,andSCEPTER.Donotapplymorethan2.1oz/AofZIDUApercroppingseasononcoarsetexturedsoils.DonotmakemorethanoneapplicationofZIDUAtosoybeaninthespring.Plantsoybeanseedaminimumof1inchdeep.

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean





5.0‐9.5floz 0.082‐0.155lb

+0.003‐0.005lb

1514

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyANTHEMfromplantingthroughthethirdtrifoliatestage(V3).Underhighmoistureconditionsthecropmayexperiencesometemporarycropresponse.Thecropwillrapidlyoutgrowtheseeffectsanddevelopnormallywithnoreductioninyield.Oncoarsetexturedsoils(withlessthan3%organicmatter),donotapplymorethan6.8oz/AofANTHEMpercroppingseason.Onothersoiltypes,donotapplymorethan11.4oz/AofANTHEMpercroppingseason.

AuthorityMAXX66DF(sulfentrazone+chlorimuronethyl)

5.0‐7.5oz 0.194‐0.290lb

+0.016‐0.019lb

142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: Apply AUTHORITY MAXX at planting or within 3 days of planting, but before soybean cracking(emergence).TheseedfurrowshouldbecompletelyclosedandseedcoveredbeforeanyapplicationofAUTHORITYMAXX.Userateisdependentonsoiltexture,consultlabelformoredetails.DonotapplyAUTHORITYMAXXtosoilsclassified as sand which have less than 1.0% orgranic matter. Do not follow AUTHORITY MAXX with apostemergenceapplicationofanotherchlorimuron‐ethylcontainingherbicideinthesamecroppingseason.DonottankmixAUTHORITYMAXXwithorganophosphateinsecticides.


238

PreemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean(cont)




AuthorityMTZ45DF(sulfentrazone+metribuzin)

12‐16oz

0.14‐0.18lb+

0.20‐0.27lb

145

120days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAUTHORITYMTZatplantingorwithin3daysofplanting,butbeforesoybeancracking(emergence).Userateisdependentonsoiltexture,consultlabelformoredetails.DonotapplyAUTHORITYMTZtosoilsclassifiedassandwhichhavelessthan1.0%orgranicmatter.Alowerrate(8to10oz/A)ofAUTHORITYMTZisrecommendedinglyphosate‐orglufosinate‐tolerantsoybeanproductionsystems.Donotapplymorethan20ozofAUTHORITYMTZper acre per season (12months from the first application). AUTHORITYMTZ containsmetribuzinwhich has thepotentialtoinjuresomevarietiesofsoybeans,consultlabelformoredetails.

Axiom68DF(flufenacet+metribuzin)

7.0‐13.0oz

0.24‐0.44lb+

0.06‐0.11lb

155

120days 12hours

Comments: Controlscrabgrass,goosegrass, fallpanicum,spurge,andpurslane. RecommendedtankmixpartnersincludeAUTHORITYBROADLEAF,CANOPY,COMMAND,FIRSTRATE,LINEX,PROWL,PYTHON,PURSUIT,SCEPTOR,SENCOR,orSONALAN,orTREFLAN.AXIOMcontainsmetribuzinwhichhasthepotentialtoinjuresomevarietiesofsoybeans,consultlabelformoredetails.Donotapplymorethan13ozAXIOMperacreperseason.

Boundary6.5EC(s‐metolachlor+metribuzin)

1.2‐2.1pt

0.79‐1.38lb+

0.19‐0.33lb

155

40days 12hours

Comments:ControlsFloridapusley,crabgrass,crowfootgrass,pigweedspp.,andbristlystarbur.Userateisdependentonsoiltype,checklabelfordetails.BOUNDARYcontainsmetribuzinwhichhasthepotentialtoinjuresensitivesoybeanvarieties, consult seed dealer regarding injury potential. Do not use BOUNDARY in conjunction with soil‐appliedorganophosphateinsecticides.SoybeansmaybeinjuredbypreemergenceapplicationsofBOUNDARYiftheyarenotplantedatleast1.5inchesdeep.DonotuseBOUNDARYonsoilswithlessthan0.5%organicmatter.

BroadaxeXC7EC(sulfentrazone+s‐metolachlor)

19‐32floz 0.104‐0.175lb

+0.94‐1.58lb

1415

30days 24hours

Comments:ApplyBROADAXEXCtothesoilsurfacepriortoplanting,atplanting,orupto3daysafterplantingControlspigweed,morningglories,fallpanicum,broadleafsignalgrass,andlambsquarters.Userateisdependentonsoiltextureandorganicmattercontent,consultlabelformoredetails.DonotapplyBROADAXEXCtosoilsclassifiedassandwhichhavelessthan1.0%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan38.7fl.ozperacreofBROADAXEXCpercropyear.Donotgrazeorfeedtreatedsoybeanforage,hayorstrawtolivestockfor30daysaftertreatment.Donotapplyaftercropseedgermination.


239





Canopy75DF(metribuzin+chlorimuron)

6.0‐8.0oz

0.24‐0.32lb+

0.04‐0.05lb

52

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Controlsglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,pricklysida,andwildmustard,andseveralotherbroadleafweeds.TankmixwithDUALMAGNUM,PROWL,orINTRROforimprovedgrasscontrol.Uselowerrateonsandysoils.CANOPY contains metribuzin which has the potential to injure sensitive soybean varieties, consult seed dealerregarding injury potential. Do not tankmix CANOPYwith soil‐applied organophosphate insecticides.Do not applyCANOPYwithin14daysbeforeorafteranapplicationofanorganophosphateinsecticideasseverecropinjurymayoccur.


2.0‐3.33pt 0.75‐1.25lb

13

9days 12hours

Comments: Controls crabgrass, fall panicum, Texas panicum, velvetleaf, spurred anoda, annualmorningglory, andpricklysida.Providesonlymarginalsuppressionofmostotherbroadleafweeds(Palmeramaranth).MaybetankmixwithCANOPY,DUAL,INTRRO,LOROX,PROWL,PURSUIT,orSCEPTERtoenhanceweedcontrolspectrum.Donotapplyin theairorwithin300 ftofhousingdevelopments, commercial fruit, vegetable,ornutproduction,orcommercialornamentalnurseriesorgreenhouses.


1.0‐1.33pt 0.95‐1.27lb

15

100days 24hours

Comments: Excellent control of annual grasses and small seeded broadleaves. Poor activity on large‐seededbroadleaves like sicklepod andmorningglory. Tankmixwith LOROX, CANOPY, COMMAND, SCEPTER, PURSUIT, orSENCORtoimprovespectrumofweedcontrol.

Envive41.3DF(chlorimuron+flumioxazin+thifensulfuron)

2.5‐4.0oz

0.014‐0.023lb+

0.046‐0.073lb+

0.005‐0.007lb

2142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ENVIVEcontrolstropiccroton,ALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,andFloridabeggarweed.Asinglepostemergenceapplication in soybeansofCLASSICorSYNCHRONYXPatup to0.75oz/A isallowedafterpreemergenceapplicationofENVIVE.Forgrassweeds,tankmixwithPROWLorCOMMAND.DonotapplyENVIVE14daysbeforeorafterasoilorganophosateapplicationunlesssoybeanvarietyisSTSorSTS/RR.DonotirrigatesoybeantreatedwithENVIVEduringcracking.DonottankmixENVIVEwithacetochlor(WARRANT),alachlor(MICRO‐TECH),flufenacet(AXIOM,DOMAIN),ordimethenamid‐p(OUTLOOK)productswithin14daysofplantingsoybeans,unlesssoybeansareplantedunderno‐tillorminimumtillageconditionsonwheatstubbleorno‐tillfieldcornstubble.Besureclean‐outENVIVEfromthesprayeraftereachday’suseandbeforesprayinganyothercrop.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidesuchas fomesafen(REFLEX,PREFIX,FLEXSTARGT)orflumioxazin(VALOR)pergrowingseason.


240





Fierce76DF(flumioxazin+pyroxasulfone)

3.0‐3.75oz 0.063‐0.079lb

+0.080‐0.100lb

1415

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIERCEwithin3daysofplantingandpriortosoybeanemergence.Donotapplymorethan3.75oz/AofFIERCEduringasinglegrowingseason.TankmixpartnersforadditionalgrassandbroadleafweedcontrolincludeCHLORIMURON,COMMAND,GANGSTER,METRIBUZIN,FIRSTRATE,LOROX,PURSUITPLUS,PENDIMETHALIN,PYTHON, SCEPTER,VALOR, andVALORXLT. Spray equipment, includingmixingvessels andnurse tanks,must becleanedeachdayfollowingFIERCEapplication;donotletFIERCEsitovernightinthetank.


0.3‐0.6oz 0.016‐0.032lb

2

65days 12hours

Comments:ApplyFIRSTRATEafterplantingbutpriortocroporweedemergence.Controlsbristlystarbur,annualmorningglory,commonragweed,andsicklepod.WeakonPalmeramaranth.FIRSTRATEmaybetankmixedwithotherherbicideslabeledforpreemergenceuseinsoybeans.

GangsterV51WDG(flumioxazin)+GangsterFR84DF(chloransulam)

1.5‐3.0oz+

0.3‐0.6oz

0.048‐0.096lb+

0.016‐0.032lb

142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: Apply GANGSTER at planting or within 3 days of planting. Controls Florida beggarweed, ALS‐ andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,andannualmorningglories.Foradditionalpreemergencegrassweedcontrol,tankmixwithPROWLorCOMMAND.Donotapplymorethan3.0oz/AofGANGSTERVand0.6oz/AofGANGSTERFRpergrowingseason.DonotirrigatesoybeantreatedwithGANGSTERduringcracking.Besuretofollowtheclean‐outinstructionsforremovingGANGSTERfromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletGANGSTERsitovernightinthetank.

Intrro4EC(alachlor)Micro‐Tech4ME

2.0‐2.75qt

2.0‐2.75lb

15

70days 12hours

Comments: MICRO‐TECHand INTRROareRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDES.Excellentcontrolofannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleaves.PerformanceonPalmeramaranthslightlybetterthanPROWL.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Domakemorethanoneapplicationperyearorexceed3qt/Aperseason.

Lorox50DF(linuron)Linex4L

1.0‐2.0lb

1.0‐2.0pt

0.5‐1.0lb

7

57days 24hours

Comments:ControlsFloridabeggarweed,crabgrass,commonragweed,andpigweed.Rateisdependentonsoiltype,consult label for details. For broad spectrum weed control, labeled tank mix partners include DUAL MAGNUM,SYNCHRONYXP,CLASSIC,PROWL,BOUNDARY,orGANGSTER.Plantsoybeanatleast1”deeptoavoidpotentialcropinjury.


12‐18oz 0.56‐0.84lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Controlssmallseededannualgrassesesandbroadleaves.TankmixwithLOROX,COMMAND,FLEXSTAR,CANOPY,SCEPTER,FIRSTRATE,orSENCORtoimprovespectrumofweedcontrol.


241






2.0pt

1.09lb+

0.24lb

1514

80days 24hours

Comments:Excellentcontrolofglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth,bristlystarbur,andcrabgrass.Applyduringor immediatelyafterplantingbeforesoybeansorweedsemerge.DryweatherafterapplicationmayreducePREFIXeffectiveness.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidesuchasfomesafen(REFLEX,PREFIX,FLEXSTARGT)orflumioxazin(VALOR)pergrowingseason.

Prowl3.3EC(pendimethalin)

ProwlH2O3.8EC

1.8‐2.4pt

1.5‐2.0pt

0.74‐0.99lb

0.71‐0.95lb

3

21days 24hours

Comments:Controlsannualgrassesandsmall‐seededbroadleafweeds.Applyatplantingorupto2daysafterplanting.If your field has a history of poor Palmer amaranth control with yellow herbicides, consider tank mixing withBOUNDARYorVALOR.GoodcontrolofFloridapusley.EffectiveforBrazilpusleyemergingfromseedbutnoteffectiveagainstplantsgrowingfromrootstock.Donotexceedoneapplicationpercropseasonatthehighestrateperacreforanygivensoiltype.


1.44oz

4.0oz

0.063lb

2

85days 4hours

Comments:Controlsannualbroadleafweedsandprovidessomenutsedgesuppression.TankmixwithPROWL,DUALMAGNUM,orOUTLOOK for improvedannual grasses control. PURSUIT shouldonly be appliedonceper season tosoybeans.DonotapplyCLASSIC,CANOPY,orSCEPTERtofieldpreviouslytreatedwithPURSUIT.DonottankmixwithCOMMAND.


0.89‐1.14oz 0.045‐0.057lb

2

85days 12hours

Comments:Controlsseveralannualbroadleafweedsincludinglambsquarters,pigweeds,andpricklysida;generallyprovidescontroloflighttomoderateinfestationsofFloridabeggarweed,commonragweed,andsicklepod.Marginalcontrol of annualmorningglory. Tankmixwith PROWL,OUTLOOK, orDUALMAGNUM for improved annual grasscontrol.

Reflex2EC(fomesafen)

1.0‐1.5pt 0.25‐0.375lb

14

70days 24hours

Comments:Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth,annualmorningglory,bristlystarbur,andotherbroadleafweeds.TankmixPROWL,BOUNDARY,orDUALMAGNUMforincreasedgrassactivity.Donotexceed1.5pt/A(0.375lbai/A)ofREFLEXpercalendaryear.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidesuchasfomesafen(REFLEX,PREFIX,FLEXSTARGT)orflumioxazin(VALOR)pergrowingseason.


242





RowelFX40.3WDG(flumioxazin+chlorimuron‐ethyl)

3.0‐5.0oz 0.139‐0.234lb

+0.048‐0.080lb

142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: Controls annual morningglory, hemp sesbania, sicklepod, smartweed, glyphosate‐resistant Palmeramaranth.TankmixwithpendimethalinorCOMMANDforenhancedgrassactivity.OnsoilswithacompositepHof7.0orless,apply4.0to5.0oz/AofROWELFX.Donotgrazetreatedfieldsorfeedtreatedforageorhaytolivestock.

Scepter70DF(imazaquin)

2.8oz 0.12lb

2

90days 12hours

Comments: ControlsFloridabeggarweed,annualmorningglory,glyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,andFloridapusley. Tank mix with PROWL, TREFLAN, OUTLOOK, or other labeled herbicides for grass control. Do not applyCLASSIC,CANOPY,SQUADRON,SYNCHRONY,PURSUITPLUS,orPURSUITtofieldpreviouslytreatedwithSCEPTER.Donotplantcottonwithin18monthsofapplication.

Sonic70DG(chloransulam‐methyl+sulfentrazone)

3.0‐5.0oz 0.015‐0.025lb

+0.116‐0.193lb

214

65days 12hours

Comments:ApplySONICtothesoilsurfacepriortoplanting,atplanting,orupto3daysafterplanting.Properlyclosedseedfurrowsarenecessarywhenapplyingatplanting.DonotapplySONICtosoilsclassifiedassandscontaininglessthan1%organicmatter.Donotfeedtreatedsoybeanforageorsoybeanhaytolivestock.Donotmakemorethanonesoilapplicationpercropyear.Donotapplymorethan8ozofSONICperacreperseason.


4.5‐8.0floz 0.14‐0.25lb

14

None 12hours

Comments: Apply SPARTAN 4F to the soil surface prior to planting or up to 3 days after planting. Do not applySPARTANafter3daysbecauseinjurymayoccurasseedsaregerminating.Excellentcontrolofmorningglory,pigweed,lambsquarters,andyellownutsedge.TankmixwithPROWL,OUTLOOK,orDUALMAGNUMforimprovedannualgrasscontrol.Donotapplymorethan12floz/AofSPARTANper12‐monthperiod.DonotapplySPARTANtosoilsclassifiedassandswithlessthan1.0%organicmatter.

SpartanCharge3.5S(carfentrazone+sulfentrazone)

5.5‐8.5floz 0.015‐0.026lb

+0.14‐0.21lb

1414

None 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTANCHARGEtothesoilsurfacepriortoplantingorupto3daysafterplanting.DonotapplySPARTANCHARGEafter3daysbecauseinjurymayoccurasseedsaregerminating.SPARTANCHARGEwillprovidepostemergenceactivityonweeds(lessthan3inchesinheight)presentatthetimeofapplication.SprayercalibrationandgoodagitationareessentialwithapplicationofSPRATANCHARGE.Excellentcontrolofmorningglory,pigweeds,lambsquarters, and yellow/purple nutsedge. Tankmix with PROWL, OUTLOOK, or DUALMAGNUM for improvedannualgrasscontrol.Donotapplymorethan8.5 floz/AofSPARTANCHARGEper12‐monthperiod.DonotapplySPARTANCHARGEtosoilsclassifiedassandswithlessthan1.0%organicmatter.


243





Surveil48WG(chloransulammethyl)+flumioxazin)

3.5‐4.2oz 0.026‐0.032lb

+0.079‐0.095lb

214

65days 12hours

Comments:ApplySURVEILtothesoilsurfacepriortoplanting,atplanting,orupto3daysafterplanting.Applicationaftersoybeanshavebeguntocrackorareemergedwillresultinseverecropinjury.DonottankmixSURVEILwithagroup 15 herbicide such as WARRANT, MICRO‐TECH, AXIOM, DOMAIN, BOUNDARY, DUAL MAGNUM, DUAL IIMAGNUM,FRONTIER,orOUTLOOKwithin14daysofplantingsoybeansunlesssoybeansareplantedunderno‐tillorminimumtillageconditionsonwheatstubbleorno‐till fieldcornstubble.Foradditionalspectrumofweedcontrol,SURVEILmaybetankmixedwithMETRIBUZIN,LOROX,PROWL,orCOMMAND.Donot irrigatewhensoybeansarecracking.Donotapplymorethan4.2ozofSURVEILperacreduringagrowingseason.SprayequipmentmustbecleanedeachdayfollowingSURVEILapplication.

Trivence61.3WDG(chlorimuron‐ethyl+flumioxazin+metribuzin)

8.0‐10.0oz

0.020‐0.024lb

+0.064‐0.080lb

+0.223‐0.279lb

2145

None 12hours

Comments:ApplyTRIVENCEtothesoilsurfacepriortoplanting,atplanting,orupto3daysafterplanting.Donotapplymorethan8.7oz/AofTRIVENCEoncoarsetexturedsoils.Donotexceed9.0oz/AofTRIVENCEonsoilswithacomposite pH of 7.0 or greater. Controls several broadleaf weeds including ALS‐and glyphosate‐resistant Palmeramaranth,pricklysida,andtropiccroton.Foradditionalweedcontrolspectrum,TRIVENCEmaybetankmixedwithCOMMAND,linuron,metribuzin,pendimethalin,orpyroxasulfone.DonottankmixTRIVENCEwithmetolachlor(DUALMAGNUM,BOUNDARY),dimethenamid‐p (Outlook),alachlor (INTRRO),or flufenacet (AXIOM,DOMAIN)or soybeaninjurymayoccurespeciallywhenapplication is followedbyprolongedperiodsofcool,wetweather. DonotapplyTRIVENCEwithin14daysbeforeorafteranapplicationofanorganophosphateinsecticideonanysoybeanvarietythatisnotSTSorSTS/RRasseverecropinjurymayoccur.Donotirrigatesoybeansduringcracking.Besuretofollowtheclean‐outinstructionsforremovingTRIVENCEfromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletspraysolutionsitovernightinthetank.

ValorSX51WDG(flumioxazin)Rowel51WDGValorEZ4SC

2.0‐3.0oz

2.0‐3.0floz

0.064‐0.096lb

14

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVALOR/ROWELtosoybeanpriortoplanting,atplanting,orupto3daysafterplanting.ControlsseveralbroadleafweedsincludingALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,pricklysida,andtropiccroton.Foradditional residual grass and broadleaf control, tank mix with COMMAND, FIRSTRATE, LOROX, PURSUIT PLUS,PYTHON,pendimethalin,SQUADRON,orSCEPTER.Donotapplymorethan3oz/AofVALOR/ROWELduringasinglegrowingseason.DonottankmixVALOR/ROWELwithmetolachlor (DUALMAGNUM,BOUNDARY),dimethenamid‐p(Outlook),alachlor(INTRRO),orflufenacet(AXIOM,DOMAIN)orsoybeaninjurymayoccurespeciallywhenapplicationisfollowedbyprolongedperiodsofcool,wetweather.Donotirrigatesoybeansduringcracking.Besuretofollowtheclean‐outinstructionsforremovingVALOR/ROWELfromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletVALOR/ROWELsitovernightinthetank.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


244





ValorXLT40.3WDG(flumioxazin+chlorimuron)

3.0‐5.0oz 0.057‐0.094lb

+0.019‐0.032lb

142

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ControlsseveralbroadleafweedsincludingALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,pricklysida,andtropiccroton. Forenhancedresidualcontrolofbroadleafweeds inreducedtillage fields, tankmixwithDUAL,METRIBUZIN,LINURON,orWARRANT.Areas (i.e., in thecroprows) thatareexcessivelydisturbedbytheplantingoperationmayseediminishedweedcontrol.DonotapplyVALORXLTwithin14daysbeforeorafteranapplicationofanorganophosphateinsecticideonanysoybeanvarietythatisnotSTSorSTS/RR.Forenhancedgrassactivity,tankmix PROWL or COMMAND. Do not tank mix VALOR XLT with metolachlor (DUAL MAGNUM, BOUNDARY),dimethenamid‐p(Outlook),alachlor(INTRRO),orflufenacet(AXIOM,DOMAIN)orsoybeaninjurymayoccurespeciallywhenapplicationisfollowedbyprolongedperiodsofcool,wetweather.Donotapplymorethan5oz/AofVALORXLTpergrowingseason.DonotuseVALORXLTonsoilswithacompositepHofgreaterthan7.6.Besuretofollowtheclean‐outinstructionsforremovingVALORXLTfromthesprayeraftereachday’suse;donotletVALORXLTsitovernightinthetank.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


1.25‐2.0qt 0.94‐1.5lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededbroadleaves(includingglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth)andgrasses.Applyafterplantingbutbeforeweedsgerminate.TheoptimumrateofWARRANTis3pt/A.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATEorPARAQUATtocontrolweedsthathavegerminatedsinceplanting.EnvironmentalconditionsthatfollowapplicationofWARRANTincludingcold,wetsoilsorsaturatedconditionsfromexcessiverainmayresultincropinjury.Donotapplyacetochlorwithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwater is30feetor less:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter; loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Theserestrictionsdonotapplytoareasoutsideofthe50ftdistancetothewell.

WarrantUltra3.45ME(acetochlor+fomesafen)

48floz 1.07lb+

0.24lb

1514

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyWARRANTULTRAafterplantingsoybeansbutbeforeweedsgerminate.EnvironmentalconditionsthatfollowapplicationofWARRANTULTRAincludingcold,wetsoilsorsaturatedconditionsfromexcessiverainmayresultincropinjury.Donotapplyacetochlorwithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Theserestrictionsdonotapplytoareasoutsideofthe50ftdistancetothewell.


1.5‐3.0oz

2.5‐5.0floz

0.080‐0.159lb

0.081‐0.163lb

15

None 12hours

Comments: ApplyZIDUAto thesoil surfaceafterplantingandbefore thecropemergence.Soybeanseedmustbeplantedataminimumof1.0inchdeep.TheuseofZIDUAmayresultintemporarygrowthsuppressioninsoybeanifextremeconditionsofhighrainfallandextendedperiodsofwatersaturatedsoiloccurduingsoybeangerminationorearlyseedlingdevelopment.ZIDUAmaybetankmixedwithOUTLOOK,PROWLH2O,PURSUIT,VERDICT.Donotapplymorethan2.1oz/AofZIDUApercroppingseasononcoarsetexturedsoils.DonotmakemorethanoneapplicationofZIDUAtosoybeaninthespring.


245

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceHerbicidesforSoybeanWeedManagement1

Aim/ET

AssureII

Basagran

Cadet

Classic

Cobra

Dicam

ba2

FirstRate

Flexstar

FlexstarGT3

FusiladeDX

Fusion

Glyphosate3

Harmony

anoda,spurred F P G ‐‐‐ F F G F F E P P GE Pbarnyardgrass G GE F G P P P P G E E E E ‐‐‐beggarweed,Florida F P P G E P G FG P G P P G ‐‐‐bermudagrass P GE P P P P P P P G G G G Pcitronmelon P P P P ‐‐‐ G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P P G Pcocklebur,common GE P E ‐‐‐ E GE E E E E P P E FGcowpea P P P P G P E P F FG P P G Pcrabgrass P E P P P P P P P E G GE E Pcrotalaria,showy F P P F ‐‐‐ E G ‐‐‐ GE GE P P GE ‐‐‐croton,tropic G P P ‐‐‐ P G GE P G E P P GE Pcrowfootgrass P E P P P P P P P E FG GE E Pdayflower,Benghal ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P G ‐‐‐eclipta FG P FG FG ‐‐‐ GE G ‐‐‐ GE E P P E ‐‐‐goosegrass P E P P P P P P P E G GE E Pjimsonweed GE P E ‐‐‐ GE GE E E E E P P E Fjohnsongrass,seedling P E P P P P P P P E GE GE E Pjohnsongrass,rhizome P G P P P P P P P E GE G E Plambsquarters,common P P F ‐‐‐ P P E P F E P P E GEmorninggloryspp. G P F G G G E E GE GE P P FG FGnutsedge,purple P P P P PF P P PF P G P P G Pnutsedge,yellow P P G P G P P PF F FG P P FG Ppanicum,fall P E P P P P P P P E GE GE E Ppanicum,Texas P E P P P P P P P E G GE E Ppigweedspp.ALS‐resistantglyphosate‐resistant

GGG

PPP

PPP

GGG

FPF

GGG

EEE

PPP

GGG

EEE

PPP

PPP

EEP

GEPGE

poinsettia,wild GE P P ‐‐‐ P GE E GE ‐‐‐ GE P P GE ‐‐‐purslane,common G P P G ‐‐‐ E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P P F ‐‐‐pusley,Florida G P P ‐‐‐ F G P G ‐‐‐ G P P PF Fragweed,common E P F ‐‐‐ G E E E GE E P P GE Fredweed G P GE G F F E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P P G ‐‐‐sandbur P E P P P PF P P P E G GE E Psenna,coffee FG P G ‐‐‐ P FG E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ FG P P GE Gsesbania,hemp G P P G E G E PF E E P P PF Fsicklepod P P P G G P E F P E P P E Psida,prickly G P G ‐‐‐ P G E P F G P P G Psignalgrass,broadleaf P E P P P PF P P P E G E E Psmartweed,Pennsylvania G E GE G G GE E ‐‐‐ G G P P G GEspurge FG P F FG ‐‐‐ GE E ‐‐‐ G G P P G ‐‐‐starbur,bristly GE P G ‐‐‐ G GE E E ‐‐‐ E P P GE Pvelvetleaf G P G ‐‐‐ GE G E G F E P P GE Gvol.cornRRhybridsRR/LLhybrids

PPP

GGG

PPP

PPP

PPP

FFF

PPP

PPP

FFF

FFF

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

EPP

PPP

1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2USEONLYXTENDIMAX,FEXAPAN,ORENGENIADICAMBAHERBICIDESONXTEND(DICAMBATOLERANT)SOYBEANVARIETIES.DonotuseanyotherdicambaproductonXTENDsoybeans.2Useonlyonglyphosate‐tolerantsoybeanvarieties.


246

WeedResponsetoPostemergenceHerbicidesforSoybeanWeedManagement(cont.)1

Liberty

2

Outlook3

Poast/Plus

Prefix

Pursuit

Raptor

Reflex

Resource

Scepter

Select/MAX

Sequence

4

Storm

UltraBlazer

Warrant3

WarrantUltra

Zidua/ZiduaSC

2,4‐DB

anoda,spurred P P P P F F P P P P GE F P P P ‐‐‐ Pbarnyardgrass G GE GE F G F F G ‐‐‐ GE E G G GE F E Pbeggardweed,Florida GE F P P P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P G P P F P P PBermudagrass P P FG P P P P P P G G P P P P P Pcitronmelon G P P ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G F P ‐‐‐ P Pcocklebur,common E P P G E E G G E P E GE G P G P GEcowpea G P P F P P F G P P FG P F P F P Pcrabgrass FG E GE P PF FG P P P GE E P P E P E Pcrotalaria,showy G P P GE P P GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G E E P GE P ‐‐‐croton,tropic G P P G P P G P P P GE GE G P G ‐‐‐ Pcrowfootgrass G E FG P P FG P P P G E P P E P E Pdayflower,Benghal PF G P ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P F F P G ‐‐‐ GE Peclipta G P P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G GE ‐‐‐ P G G GE P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐goosegrass P E G P P FG P P P G E P P E P GE Pjimsonweed G P P E FG E E G P P E E E P E GE Gjohnsongrass,seedling G F GE P GE FG P P P GE E P P F P GE Pjohnsongrass,rhizome F P FG P G P P P P G E P P P P P Plambsquarters,common E FG P PF P G PF G P P E G G FG PF G Fmorningglory,annual E P P GE G FG GE FG P P FG G GE P GE P Gnutsedge,purple P P P P G FG P P P P G P P P P P Pnutsedge,yellow P F P F FG FG F P P P FG F P F F FG Ppanicum,fall G G GE P F FG P P P E E P F G P GE Ppanicum,Texas G FG GE P PF F P P P GE E P P FG P FG Ppigweedspp.ALS‐resistantglyphosate‐resistant

FGFGFG

GGG

PPP

GEGEGE

GEPGE

PPP

GEGEGE

FGFGFG

GPG

PPP

EEP

GEGEGE

GGG

GGG

GEGEGE

GEGEGE

FFF

poinsettia,wild GE G P G PF ‐‐‐ G FG G P GE G GE G G ‐‐‐ Ppurslane,common G G P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G E G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Gpusley,Florida P F P GE P ‐‐‐ GE G G P FG E E F GE G Predweed G P P ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ P G GE ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ Pragweed,common E P P GE P F GE G F P GE GE E P GE G Fsandbur G G G P ‐‐‐ FG P P P G E P P G P GE Psenna,coffee GE P P FG F F FG GE G P GE G E P FG ‐‐‐ Fsesbania,hemp GE P P E P ‐‐‐ E P P P PF E E P E ‐‐‐ Psicklepod G P P P P P P P FG P E P P P P F Fsida,prickly G P P P PF G P P PF P G G P P P G Psignalgrass,broadleaf G P GE P G FG P P P GE E P P P P G Psmartweed,Pennsylvania GE P P G F ‐‐‐ G G F P G GE G P G P Pspurge G ‐‐‐ P G G ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G G G ‐‐‐ G G Fstarbur,bristly GE F P ‐‐‐ PF ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G ‐‐‐ P GE FG P F ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ PFvelvetleaf E P P P PF E P E P P GE FG PF P P P Pvol.cornRRhybridsRR/LLhybrids

FFP

PPP

EEE

FFF

GGG

PPP

FFF

GGG

PPP

GEGEGE

EPP

FFF

FFF

PPP

FFF

PPP

PPP

1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Useonlyonglufosinate‐tolerant(LL)soybeanvarieties.3Forcontroloflistedweeds,theseherbicidesmustbeappliedpriortoweedemergenceortankmixedwithafoliaractiveherbicide.4Useonlyonglyphosate‐tolerant(RR)soybeanvarieties.


247

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean





0.5‐1.5floz 0.008‐0.023lb

14

3days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMtosoybeanfromV3uptotheV10stage.DonotapplyAIMfromemergencethroughV2growthstage.Coverageisessentialforoptimumperformanceonweeds.Controlsvelvetleaf,annualmorningglory,andALS‐and glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth (up to 4” tall). Coverage is essential for optimum activity. May causetemporaryburn,speckling,ornecrosisofthesoybeanleaves.Add1qtofNISper100gallonsofspraysolution.MaybetankmixedwithGLYPHOSATEforbroaderspectrumcontrolinRoundupReady(RR)soybeanonly.Donotusewithdiphenyletherherbicides(examplesincludeULTRABLAZER,REFLEX,COBRA).Donotapplymorethan1.5floz/AofAIMperseason.Donotapplytofoliagethatiswetfromdew,rain,orirrigation.Rainfastinterval=6to8hours.


4.0‐9.0floz 0.082‐0.163lb

+0.003‐0.006lb

1514

7days 12hours

Comments:ApplyANTHEMfromplantingthroughthethirdtrifoliatestage(V3).Underhighmoistureconditionsthecropmayexperiencesometemporarycropresponse.Thecropwillrapidlyoutgrowtheseeffectsanddevelopnormallywithnoreductioninyield.Oncoarsetexturedsoils(withlessthan3%organicmatter),donotapplymorethan6.8oz/AofANTHEMpercroppingseason.Onother soil types,donotapplymore than11.4oz/AofANTHEMpercroppingseason.Forenhancecontroloflargerweeds,ANTHEMmaybetankmixedwithCADET,MARVEL,orotherappropriatepostemergencesoybeanherbicides.


5‐12floz 0.034‐0.069lb

1

80days 12hours

Comments:Apply7‐8oz/Aovertoptocontrolannualgrassesupto6”tall.Apply5oz/AtocontrolvolunteerRR‐corninRR‐soybean.Forcontrolofrhizomejohnsongrass,apply5ozofAssureIIwhenjohnsongrassis10‐24"tallandthenretreatwith5ozwhenregrowthreaches6‐10"tall.Forbermudagrasscontrol,apply10‐12oz/Aat3”tall(upto6”runners).AddCOCat1gal/100gallonsor1qt/100gallonsofspraymixture.Donotexceed18oz/Ainagrowingseason.DonotapplyASSUREIIafterpodset.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


1.5‐2.0pt 0.75‐1.0lb

6

12days 48hours

Comments: Soybean is tolerant of BASAGRAN at all growth stages. Controls cocklebur, bristly starbur, annualmorningglory,andpricklysida. At thehighrate,provides temporarysuppressionofyellownutsedge(regrowth islikely).Maycauseslightleafburnorspeckling.Treatwhenbroadleafweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4”tall).Adjustrateaccordingtoweedsizeasnotedonlabel.AddCOCat1‐2pt/AorUAN(28‐32%)at4‐8pt/AorAMSat2.5lb/A.Donotapplymorethan4pt/AofBASAGRANperseason.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

Cadet0.91EC(fluthiacet‐methyl)

0.4‐0.6floz 0.003‐0.004lb

14

60days 12hours

Comments: ApplyCADETafterthe1st trifoliatethroughfullfloweringgrowthstage.Controlsglyphosate‐andALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth(lessthan2inchestall),annualmorningglory,sicklepod.Applyinaminimumof15gallonsperacresprayvolume.Donotapplymorethan1.25floz/Apercroppingseason.Donotapplythroughtheair.DonotletCADETsitinthesprayerorshuttletanksovernight.Donotapplytoweedsthatareunderdroughtstress.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


248

PostemergenceHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean(cont)




Classic25DF(chlorimuron)

0.5‐0.75oz 0.008‐0.012lb

2

60days 12hours

Comments: Apply CLASSIC after 1st trifoliate has fully expanded up to 60 days before crop maturity. Controlssicklepod,bristlystarbur,andannualmorningglory.CLASSICisweakonPalmeramaranth.IncludeNISat1qt/100gallonsorCOCat1gal/100gallonsspraysolution.MaybetankmixedwithglyphosateforbroaderspectrumcontrolinRR‐soybean(usethelowerCLASSICrateat0.25‐0.33oz/A).DonottankmixCLASSICwithorganophosateinsecticideordonotapplyCLASSICwithin14daysbeforeorafteranapplicationoforganophosate insecticideasseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonottankmixCLASSICwithPYTHONasseverecropinjurymayoccur.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Cobra2EC(lactofen)

12.5oz 0.2lb

14

45days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCOBRAtosoybeansanytime,butbeforeR6(fullseedset).ControlsALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth(lessthan4”tall),annualmorningglory,Floridapusley,andbristlystarbur.Maycausetemporaryleafburn,bronzing,orspeckling.Add1‐2ptCOCper100gallonsofspraysolutionplus2‐4lb/AofAMS.Donotexceed25oz/AofCOBRAperseason.DonotapplyCOBRAwhenweedsorthecropisunderstressconditionsordonotfavoractiveweedgrowth.Rainfastinterval=2hours.


1.0‐1.33pt 0.95‐1.27lb

15

100days 24hours

Comments: Apply DUAL MAGNUM from emergence up through the 3rd trifoliate growth stage. Will not controlemergedweeds.Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Rainfastinterval=Notapplicable


0.5‐0.75floz 0.0008‐0.0012lb

14

70days 12hours

Comments:ApplyETfromcropemergenceuptotheV6growthstageinaminimumof5galperacrebyairor10galper acre by ground. Controls ALS‐ and glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth (less than 4” tall) and annualmorningglory.Donotapplymorethan1.0floz/Aperapplication.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsofETpercroppingcycle.Sometransientspecklingmayoccurontheleavesofthecrop;thiseffectistemporaryandwillnotoccuronnewgrowth.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


249

PostemergenceBroadcastHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean(cont)




Engenia5.0SL(dicamba)

12.8floz. 0.5lbae

4

7days 24hours

Comments:ENGENIAisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.NoapplicationsofENGENIAarepermittedafterDecember20,2018.USEONLYONSOYBEANVARIETIESCONTAININGTHEXTENDFLEXTECHNOLOGY!ApplyENGENIAover‐the‐topfromemergenceuptoandincludingbeginningbloom(R1growthstageofsoybeans)whenbroadleafweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4inchesforPalmeramaranth).BeforeapplyingENGENIA,conductasurveyof the area surrounding the planned treated area for susceptible crops (tomatoes, fruiting vegetables,cucurbits,grapes,andnon‐dicambatolerantcrops).Ifyoucanseethesusceptiblecropandthewindisblowingtoward it,DONOTSPRAY. Nozzles thatproducecoarse toultra‐coarsedropletsAREREQUIREDwhenapplyingENGENIA. Consult www.engeniatankmix.com for approved nozzles.Donotuse anyothernozzle andpressurecombinationnotspecificallylistedonthewebsite.Makeonetotwopostemergenceapplicationswithaminimumof7daysbetweenapplications.Applyinaminimumof10gallonsperacre(Ahighervolumemaybeneededfordenseweedinfestations).Donotapplyatwindspeedslessthan3mphorgreaterthan10mph.Donotexceedaboomheightof24inchesabovetargetpestorcropcanopy.DonotapplyENGENIAbetweensunsetandsunrise(nonightapplicationsallowed).DonotaeriallyapplyENGENIA.Donotapplyduringtemperatureinversionconditionsbecausedriftpotentialishigh.Donotexceedagroundspeedof15milesperhour(5mphisrecommendedgroundspeed).DonottankmixammoniumcontainingadditiveswithENGENIA.DonottankmixENGENIAwithLORSBANinsecticide.DonotapplyENGENIAifrainisexpectedinnext24hours.CleansprayequipmentimmediatelyafterapplyingENGENIAusingthetriplerinsemethod(seesprayerequipmentcleanoutsectiononpagexxofthishandbookformoredetails).Rainfastinterval=4hours.BufferRequirementsforSensitiveAreas:Maintaina110‐footdownwindbufferbetweenthelasttreatedrowandclosestdownwindedge(inthedirectioninwhichthewindisblowing).Thefollowingareasmaybeincludedinthebufferdistancewhenadjacenttofieldedges:roads,pavedorgravelsurfaces;plantedagriculturalfieldscontainingcorn, dicamba tolerant cotton, dicamba tolerant soybean, sorghum, proso millet, small grains, and sugarcane;agriculturalfieldsthathavebeenpreparedforplanting;andareascoveredbythefootprintofabuilding,silo,orothermanmadestructurewithwallsandaroof.

DicambaTolerantSoybean


SensitiveArea

WindDirection SuscetibleCrops:DONOTAPPLYENGENIAwhenwindisblowingtowardadjacentnon‐dicambatolerantsusceptiblecrops(ThisincludesNON‐DICAMBATOLERANTSOYBEANANDCOTTON):

DONOTSPRAY

DicambaTolerantSoybean

Susceptible

Crop

WindDirection



250





Ingredient


0.3oz 0.016lb

2

65days 12hours

Comments: FIRSTRATEmay be applied after emergence up to the 50% flowering stage.Applicationprior to fullemergenceofthefirstsoybeantrifoliateleafmaycausetemporaryyellowingorchlorosis.Add1‐2ptNISplus2.5galUANorCOCat1.2galorMSOat1.2plus2.5galUANper100gallonofspraysolution.Controlsbristlystarbur,annualmorningglory, common ragweed, and sicklepod. Weak on Palmer amaranth. For best results, spray annualmorningglorybeforerunnersemerge.Applicationsmadetosicklepodbeyondthe1‐leafstagewillresultinreducedcontrol. A second 0.3 oz/A FIRSTRATE application may be necessary 7‐10 days afterward to control sicklepod.FIRSTRATEmay be tankmixedwith ASSURE II, BASAGRAN, CLASSIC, COBRA, GLYPHOSATE, FLEXSTAR, FUSION,HARMONYGT,PHOENIX,POASTPLUS,PURSUIT,RAPTOR,REFLEX,RELIANCE,RESOURCE,SELECT,SYNCHRONYSTS,orULTRABLAZER.Rainfastinterval=2hours.

Flexstar1.88SC(fomesafen+adjuvants)Reflex2EC(fomesafen)

1.0‐1.5pt

1.0‐1.5pt

0.24‐0.35lb

0.25‐0.38

14

45days 24hours

Comments:Controlsannualbroadleafweedssuchascocklebur,ALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth,andannualmorningglory.AddNISat1‐2qtorCOCat0.5‐1.0gallonsper100gallonsofspraysolution.Donotapplyaftersoybeansbeginblooming.Donotexceed1.5ptperacreperseason.AvoidapplyingFLEXSTARorREFLEXtoweedsthatare under stress from moisture, temperature, or chemical injury as reduce weed control and/or increased cropresponsemayoccur.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


FlexstarGT3.29SL(fomesafen+glyphosate)FlexstarGT3.52.82SL

3.0‐4.5pt

3.5‐5.3pt

0.25‐0.37lb+

0.99‐1.5lbae

149

45days 24hours

Comments:USEONLYONSOYBEANVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASROUNDUPREADY!Controlsannualbroadleafweeds such as cocklebur, ALS‐ and glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth (less than 3 inches tall), and annualmorningglory.AddAMSat8.5 lbper100galofspraysolution.Donotexceed4.5pt/A(FLEXSTARGT)or5.3pt/A(FLEXSTAR GT 3.5) per season. Avoid applying FLEXSTAR GT to weeds that are under stress from moisture,temperature,orchemicalinjuryasreduceweedcontroland/orincreasedcropresponsemayoccur.Rainfastinterval=1hour.



8‐12floz 0.125‐0.188lb

1

60days 12hours

Comments: Controlsannualandperennialgrassesbeforetheyexceed6‐8"tall. Forrhizomejohnsongrasscontrol,apply 12 fl oz/A when it is 8‐18" tall. Make a second application (8 fl oz/A) when regrowth is 6‐12" tall. Forbermudagrass,apply12floz/Awhenrunnersare4‐8"long,andrepeat8floz/Awhenre‐growthreaches4‐8".AddCOC at 1 gal/100 gallon orNIS 2 pt/100 gallon of spray solution. Controls volunteer corn in all types of soybeanvarieties.Donotapplymorethan30floz/AofFUSILADEpergrowingseason.Donotapplymorethan24floz/AfromemergencetoV5growthstage.Donotapplymorethan6floz/AfrombloomtoR1growthstage.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


251





Fusion2.56EC(fluazifop‐p‐butyl+fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl)

8‐12floz

0.125‐0.189lb+

0.035‐0.053lb

11

90days 24hours

Comments:Apply8floz/Aforcontrolofmostannualgrassesbeforetheyexceed6‐8"tall.Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply10‐12 floz/A forcontrolof johnsongrass8‐18" tall.A second8 floz/A treatmentmaybeapplied tocontrolregrowth6‐12"tall.Forbermudagrass,treat4‐8"runnerswith12floz/A,andthenapplyasecondapplicationof8floz/Ato4‐8"re‐growth.AddCOCat1gal/100orNISat2pt/100gallonofspraysolution.Controlsvolunteercorninalltypesofsoybeanvarieties.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)4.5lbae/gal.

22‐44floz

0.75‐1.5lbae

9 7days 4hours

Comments: USEONLYON SOYBEAN VARIETIESDESIGNATEDAS ROUNDUP READY! Apply from emergencethrough flowering growth stage (R2 growth stage). Controls annual grasses and broadleafweeds.Willnot controlglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth.Singleorsequentialapplicationsmaybemade.Donotexceed5.96lbae/A(5.3qt/A)forallcombinedapplicationtypesovertheentireyear.Donotexceed2.25lbae/A(64floz/A)forallcombinedapplicationsfromemergencethroughR2growthstage.DonotapplyGLYPHOSATEtoweedsthataredroughtstressed;applyonly toactivelygrowingweeds.Tankmixpartners includeBASAGRAN,ULTRABLAZER,COBRA,FIRSTRATE,FLEXSTAR, HARMONY GT XP, PURSUIT, RAPTOR, or REFLEX. Rainfast interval = heavy rainfall soon afterapplicationmaywashproductoffthefoliageandarepeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).ResistanceManagement: Glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth is spreading rapidly throughout South Carolina.Continuedrelianceonglyphosate‐onlyprogramswillenhance selectionand spreadofresistantbiotypes.Tankmixingglyphosatewithotherchemistriesmustbeutilized.BiotypesofPalmeramaranthresistanttobothALS‐andglyphosatechemistrieshavebeenrecentlyconfirmedinSouthCarolina.

HarmonyGTXP75DF(thifensulfuron‐methyl)HarmonySG50DF

0.083oz

0.125oz

0.004lb

2

45days 12hours

Comments: Apply to soybeans any time after the first trifoliate has fully expanded. Controlsglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranthupto4”tall(willnotcontrolALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth).AddNISat1‐2pt/100gallonsorCOCat4pt/100gallonsofspraysolutionplusanitrogenfertilizersolution(UAN,28%)at2‐4qt/AorAMSat2‐4lb/A.DonottankmixHARMONYGTXPwithorganophosateinsecticideordonotapplyHARMONYGTXPwithin14daysofanapplicationoforganophosateinsecticideasseverecropinjurymayoccur.HARMONYGTXPratecanbeincreasedupto0.33oz/AIFapplyingOVER‐THE‐TOPaSTSorSTS/RRSOYBEANVARIETY.HARMONYSGratecanbeincreasedupto0.5oz/AIFapplyingOVER‐THE‐TOPaSTSorSTS/RRSOYBEANVARIETY.Rainfastinterval=3hours.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason


252





Liberty280SL2.34S(glufosinate)Interline2.34SL

29‐36floz 0.53‐0.66lb

10

70days 12hours

Comments: USE ONLY ON SOYBEAN VARIETIES DESIGNATED AS LIBERTY‐LINK! Spray coverage, warmtemperatures,highhumidityandbrightsunlightareessentialformaximumLIBERTYperformance.Controlsannualgrasses, broadleaf weeds, andALS‐ and glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth (less than 4” tall). If environmentalconditionspreventtimelyherbicideapplication,asingleapplicationupto36floz/Afromemergenceuptobutnotincludingbloomgrowthstagemaybemadefollowedbyoneadditionalapplicationatamaximumof29floz/Awithaseasonmaximumof65floz.Consultlabelregardingtankmixpartners.AddAMSat3lb/Atothespraysolutionifweedsareunderstress.Rainfastinterval=4hours.ResistanceManagement:DonotrelysolelyonLIBERTYforcompleteweedcontrolinsoybeans.Theadditionofresidualherbicide(s)atburndown,planting,ortank‐mixedwithLIBERTYwillhelpensureoptimumweedmanagementparticularlyifenvironmentalconditionsdelay timelyPOSTapplications.Residualherbicidesatplanting reduceearly seasonweedcompetitionandareakeycomponentofgoodresistancemanagementstrategies.


12‐18oz 0.56‐0.84lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyOUTLOOKfromthefirsttrifoliateleafstagetothefifth‐trifoliateleafstage.Willnotcontrolemergedweeds.Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Rainfastinterval=Notapplicable

Poast1.5E(sethoxydim)PoastPlus1E

1.0‐1.5pt

1.5‐2.25pt

0.19‐0.28lb

1

75days 12hours

Comments: Applyanytimeduringcropgrowthbeforeannualgrassesexceed4‐6"tall. Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply1.5pt/A(2.25pt/APOASTPLUS)upto25"tall.Asecond1.0pt/A(1.5pt/APOASTPLUS)treatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowthupto12"tall.Forbermudagrass,treat6"runnerswith1.5pt/A(2.25pt/APOASTPLUS),andthenapplyasecondapplicationof1.0pt/A(1.5pt/APOASTPLUS)to4"re‐growth.Add1pt/AofDASHHCorSUNDANCEHCadjuvantorCOC2pt/A.IncludeUANat4‐8pt/AorAMSat2.5lb/Aforenhancedcrabgrassactivity.Donotapplymorethan2.5pt/AofPOASTperapplication.Donotapplymorethan5.0pt/AofPOASTperseason.Donotapplymorethan3.75pt/AofPOASTPLUSperapplication.Donotapplymorethan7.5pt/AofPOASTPLUSperseason.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Controlsvolunteercorninalltypesofsoybeanvarieties.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


2.0‐2.33pt 1.09‐1.24lb

+0.24‐0.28lb

1514

90days 24hours

Comments: Apply PREFIX to soybean from cracking through the third foliate growth stage. Necrotic spotting,bronzing, leafcrinklingorcurlingofsoybeanleavesmayoccurfollowingpostemergenceapplications,butsoybeanssoonoutgrowtheseeffectsanddevelopnormally.Forenhancedcontrolofemergenceweedsinglyphosate‐tolerantsoybeans,tankmixPREFIXwithglyphosate.TankmixaNISifPREFIXisappliedaloneorifGLYPHOSATEproductdoesnotcontainabuilt‐inadjuvant.DonotuseaCOCwhenapplyingPREFIXasthesesprayadjuvantsmayincreasesoybeaninjury.PREFIXmaybe tankmixedwithKARATEorENDIGOZC insecticides. Donotexceed2.33pt/A inasinglyepostemergenceapplication.Donotexceed3.0pintperacreofPREFIXperseason.DousePREFIXpostemergenceifappliedpreplant,preplantincorporated,orpreemergencepreviously.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup14containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


253





Resource0.86EC(fumiclorac)

4.0‐12.0oz 0.027‐0.081lb

14

60days 12hours

Comments: Apply anytime after soybean emergenceuntil 60days beforeharvest. Controls annualmorningglory,prickly sida, andALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth (less than4” tall). ForenhancedcontrolofannualmorninggloryinRR‐soybeansonly,add2‐4oz/AofRESOURCEtotheGLYPHOSATEtank(upto6”vine).Apply6‐8oz/AtocontrolvolunteercottoninRR‐soybeans,Liberty‐Link‐soybeans,andconventionalsoybeans.AddCOCat1qt/Atothefinalspraysolution.Donotapplymorethan12oz/Ainasingleapplicationormorethan16oz/Aduringasinglegrowingseason.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Scepter70DG(imazaquin)

1.4‐2.8oz 0.063‐0.125lb

2

90days 12hours

Comments: Apply anytime after soybean emergence (better results with small soybeans). Controls glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth (use higher rate;will not control ALS‐resistant biotypes), common cocklebur, and wildpoinsettia.Asoilactivegrassherbicide(PROWL,DUALMAGNUM,orINTRRO)shouldfollowinaseparateapplicationforgrasscontrol.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATE(RR‐soybeansonly)toenhancecontrolofsicklepodandannualgrassweeds.AddNISat1qtper100‐gallonspraysolution.Donotapplytowhenweedsandsoybeansareunderstress.Donotapplymorethanonceperyear.Rainfastinterval=None.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason.


1.44oz

4.0oz

0.063lb

2

85days 4hours

Comments:Applyanytimeaftersoybeanemergencebutbeforeweedsexceed3inches.Controlsbristlystarbur,crabgrass,annual morningglory, and glyphosate‐resistant Palmer amaranth (less than 3” tall;will not control ALS‐resistant Palmeramaranth). Provides some suppression of yellow and purple nutsedge. Early application is essential for optimumweedcontrol.AddNISat1.0qtorCOCat1galplusUANat1.25‐2.5galper100galspraysolution.OnlyoneapplicationofPURSUITmay bemade during the growing season (Preplant, Preplant Incorporated, Preemergence, or Postemergence).Rainfastinterval=1hour.ResistanceManagement:Makeonlyoneapplicationofagroup2containingherbicidepergrowingseason.

Raptor1AS(imazamox)

4.0‐5.0floz 0.03‐0.04lb

2

None 4hours

Comments: Apply anytime after soybean emergence up to bloom (but beforeweeds exceed 3 inches). Controls bristlystarbur,crabgrass,TexasPanicum,annualmorningglory,andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth(lessthan4”tall;willnotcontrolALS‐resistantPalmeramaranth).Applythe4floz/Aratewhenfollowingasoil‐appliedgrassherbicide(i.e.,PROWL).The5oz/Arateshouldbeusedifnopreemegenceherbicidewasapplied.AddCOCat1to2gallons/100gallonsofspraysolution or a non‐ionic surfactant at 1 qt/100 gallons of spray solution is required. Only one application of RAPTOR ispermittedduringthegrowingseason.Donotapplymorethan5floz/AofRAPTORpergrowingseason.MaytankmixwithGLYPHOSATE(RR‐soybeanonly),FIRSTRATE,orULTRABLAZER.Rainfastinterval=1hour.



254






6.0‐16.0oz

12.0‐32.0oz

0.091‐0.25lb

1

70days 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimeduringcropgrowthbeforeannualgrassesexceed4‐6"tall.Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply8oz/A(12‐14oz/ASELECTMAX)upto24"tall.Asecond6oz/A(6‐18oz/ASELECTMAX)treatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowth.Forbermudagrass,treat6"runnerswith8oz/A(16oz/ASELECTMAX),andthenapplyasecondapplicationof8oz/A (16 oz/A SELECTMAX) to 6" re‐growth. Add COC at 1 qt/A plus AMS at 2.5 lb/A for enhanced johnsongrass andvolunteercornactivity.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Controlsvolunteercorninalltypesofsoybeanvarieties.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Sequence5.25L(glyphosate+s‐metolachlor)

2.5pt 0.75lbae

+0.94lb

915

50days 24hours

Comments: USEONLYON SOYBEANVARIETIESDESIGNATEDASROUNDUPREADY! Apply from cracking upthroughthe3rdtrifoliate.Controlsannualgrassesandbroadleafweeds.s‐metolachlorcomponentprovidesresidualgrassandsmall seededbroadleafweedcontrol.Donotapply ifDUALMAGNUMorother s‐metolachlorcontainingherbicidewasappliedbeforetheSEQUENCEapplication.Donotexceed3.5pt/Ainasingleapplicationor3.5pt/Ainasingleseason.Rainfastinterval=suggest2hoursminimum.

Storm4EC(bentazon+aciflourfen)

1.5pt 0.5lb+

0.25lb

614

75days 48hours

Comments:Applytosoybeansafterthe2ndfullyexpandedtrifoliate,butbeforeweedsexceedthe4‐leafstage(small,activelygrowingweedsare thekey to success).Controls commoncocklebur,bristly starbur, annualmorningglory,tropiccroton,andspurredanoda.WeakonPalmeramaranth.AddCOCat1.0qt/AorNISat1.0‐2.0pt/100galofspraysolution.Causestemporaryfoliarburnonsoybean.Equivalentto1pt/AofBASAGRANand1pt/AofULTRABLAZER.Donotapplymorethan1.5pt/Aperapplicationor3.0pt/AofSTORMperseason.Donotapplytoweedsandcropthatareunderstress.Rainfastinterval=4hours.

UltraBlazer2L(aciflourfen)

0.5‐1.5pt 0.125‐0.375lb

14

75days 48hours

Comments:Applytosoybeansafterthe2ndfullyexpandedtrifoliatebutbeforeweedsexceed4”tall(small,activelygrowingweedsarethekeytosuccess).ControlsALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth(lessthan4”tallatthe1.5 pt/A rate), bristly starbur, annual morningglory, tropic croton, and spurred anoda. For control of annualmorningglories,useasequentialapplicationofULTRABLAZERof1pt/A.AddNISat1.0‐2.0pt/100‐galspraysolution.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATEforenhancedmorninggloryandALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranthcontrolinRR‐soybean.Donotapplytoweedsandcropthatareunderstress.Rainfastinterval=4hours.


3pt 1.125lb

15

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyWARRANTover‐the‐topfromemergenceuntilR2growthstage.Providesresidualcontrolofsmallseededbroadleavesandgrasses.OptimumapplicationtimingforfirstbroadcastapplicationisV2‐V3leafstagefollowedbyaseconddirectedapplicationafterV5leafstage.Donotexceed4.0qt/AofWARRANTperseason.TankmixwithGLYPHOSATE(useonlyonROUNDUPREADYvarieties)orLIBERTY(useonlyonLIBERTYLINKvarieties)forcontrolofexistingweeds.DonotapplyWARRANTusingasprayablefluidfertilizerasthecarrierbecauseofseverecropinjurymayoccur.DonotapplyWARRANTtothefollowingsoilswithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter;loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.


255





WarrantUltra3.45ME(acetochlor+fomesafen)

48floz 1.07lb+

0.24lb

1514

45days 12hours

Comments: Apply WARRANT ULTRA after planting soybeans but before soybeans rech the R2 growth stage.EnvironmentalconditionsthatfollowapplicationofWARRANTULTRAincludingcold,wetsoilsorsaturatedconditionsfromexcessiverainmayresultincropinjury.Donotapplyacetochlorwithin50ftofanywellwheredepthtogroundwateris30feetorless:sandswithlessthan3%organicmatter; loamysandswithlessthan2%organicmatter;orsandyloamswithlessthan1%organicmatter.Theserestrictionsdonotapplytoareasoutsideofthe50ftdistancetothewell.DonotgrazetreatedareaorfeedtreatedforagetolivestockfollowingapplicationofWARRANTULTRA.


256





Xtendimax2.9SL(dicamba)FeXapan2.9SL

22floz. 0.5lbae

4

7days 24hours

Comments: XTENDIMAXAND FEXAPANARERESTRICTEDUSE PESTICIDES.USEONLYON SOYBEANVARIETIESWITH THE XTENDFLEX TECHNOLOGY! Do not use XTENDIMAX or FEXAPAN after November 9, 2018. ApplyXTENDIMAX/FEXAPAN over‐the‐top from emergence up to and including beginning bloom (R1 growth stage ofsoybeans)whenbroadleafweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing(lessthan4inchesforPalmeramaranth). BeforeapplyingXENDIMAX or FEXAPAN, conduct a survey of the area surrounding theplanned treated area forsusceptiblecrops(tomatoes,fruitingvegetables,cucurbits,grapes,andnon‐dicambatolerantcrops).Ifyoucanseethesusceptiblecropandthewindisblowingtowardit,DONOTSPRAY.Nozzlesthatproducecoarsetoultra‐coarse droplets are required when applying XTENDIMAX or FEXAPAN. Consult the websiteswww.xtendimaxapplicationrequirements.com or www.fexapanapplicationrequirements.dupont.com for approvednozzles.Donotuseanyothernozzleandpressurecombinationnotspecificallylistedonthewebsites.Makeonetotwopostemergenceapplicationswithaminimumof7daysbetweenapplications.Applyinaminimumof15gallonsperacre.Donotapplyatwindspeedslessthan3mphorgreaterthan10mph.Donotexceedaboomheightof24inchesabovetargetpestorcropcanopy.DonotapplyXTENDIMAXorFEXAPANbetweensunsetandsunrise(nonightapplications).DonotaeriallyapplyXTENDIMAXorFEXAPAN.Donotapplyduringtemperatureinversionconditionsbecausedriftpotentialishigh.Donotexceedagroundspeedof15milesperhour(5mphisrecommendedgroundspeed).Do not tankmix ammonium salt containing productswith XTENDIMAX or FEXAPAN. Do not applyXTENDIMAX or FEXAPAN if rain is expected in next 24 hours. Clean spray equipment immediately after applyingXTENDIMAXorFEXAPANusingthetriplerinsemethod(seesprayerequipmentcleanoutsectiononpagexxofthishandbookformoredetails).Buffer Requirements for Sensitive Areas: Maintain a 110‐foot downwind buffer (up to 22 fl oz ofXTENDIMAX/FEXAPANperacre)ora220‐footdownwindbuffer(>22upto44flozofXTENDIMAX/FEXAPANperacre)betweenthelasttreatedrowandclosestdownwindedge(inthedirectioninwhichthewindisblowing).Thefollowingareasmaybeincludedinthebufferdistancewhenadjacenttofieldedges: roads,pavedorgravelsurfaces;plantedagriculturalfieldscontainingcorn,dicambatolerantcotton,dicambatolerantsoybean,sorghum,prosomillet,smallgrains,andsugarcane;agriculturalfieldthathavebeenpreparedforplanting;andareascoveredbythefootprintofabuilding,silo,orothermanmadestructurewithwallsand/orroof.



SensitiveArea

WindDirection SuscetibleCrops: DONOTAPPLYXTENDIMAXorFEXAPANwhenwindisblowingtowardadjacentnon‐dicambatolerantsusceptiblecrops(ThisincludesNON‐DICAMBATOLERANTSOYBEANANDCOTTON):

DONOTSPRAY


Susceptible

Crop

WindDirection



257





Zidua0.85WG(pyroxasulfone)ZiduaSC4.17SC

1.0‐3.0oz

2.5‐5.0floz

0.053‐0.159lb

15

None 12hours

Comments:ApplyZIDUAtosoybeansfromemergencetothethird‐foliateleafstage.Foradditionalresidualand/oractivityonemergedweedsaddOUTLOOK,PROWLH2O,PURSUIT,RAPTOR,and/orGLYPHOSATE(glyphosatetolerantvarietiesonly!).Donotapplymorethan2.1oz/AofZIDUApercroppingseasononcoarsetexturedsoils.

2,4‐DB2S2,4‐DB1.75S

0.7‐0.9pt

0.8‐1.0pt

0.18‐0.23lb 4 60days 48hours

Comments: Apply2,4‐DBtosoybeansapproximately7‐10daysbeforefirstbloomuptomid‐bloom(soybeansareaboutkneehighandactivelygrowing). Broadcastapplicationsoutsideof this timecould result inyield reduction.Controlscommoncocklebur,annualmorningglory,andpigweed(lessthan3”).Severaltankmixpartneroptionsareavailable,consultlabel.Dotreatsoybeanswithtankmixesof2,4‐DBandcarbaryl(SEVIN)insecticidesasseverecropinjurymayoccur.Rainfastinterval=None.

PostemergenceDirectedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSoybean





0.5‐1.5floz 0.008‐0.023lb

14

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMasadirectedspraytowardthebaseoftheplanttoavoidcontactwiththesoybeanfoliage.Theuseofsprayshieldswillfurtherprotectthecropplantfrominjury.Controlsvelvetleaf,annualmorningglory,andALS‐andglyphosate‐resistantPalmeramaranth(upto4”tall).Add1qtofNISper100gallonsofspraysolution.Donotfeedtreated soybean forage or hay to livestock. Do not tank mix and apply AIM herbicide with other diphenyletherherbicides(examplesincludeULTRABLAZER,REFLEX,COBRA).Donotapplymorethan1.5floz/AofAIMperseason.Donotapplytofoliagethatiswetfromdew,rain,orirrigation.Rainfastinterval=6to8hours.


1.0‐2.0pt

0.75‐1.5pt

0.25‐0.50lb

22

15days 24hours

Comments:GRAMOXONEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyGRAMOXONEasadirectedsprayusingahoodedorshieldedsprayertoavoidcontactwithsoybeanfoliagewhenweedsaresmallandactivelygrowing.Allow14daysbetweenapplications.Forcontrolof2‐3inchsicklepodorpigweed,usethe8floz/Arate.Tankmix2,4‐DB(0.2lbai/A)forenhancedcontrolofannualmorningglory.Usethehigherrateonweedslargerthan6inchesortaller,buttheymaynotbecontrolled.Donotexceed11.6pt/Aperseasonforalluses.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.

2,4‐DB2S2,4‐DB1.75S

0.7‐1.6pt

0.8‐1.8pt

0.18‐0.40lb 4 60days 48hours

Comments:Apply2,4‐DBasadirectedsprayusingdropnozzleswherecontactonlyoccursonthebottomthirdofthesoybeanplant.Donotallowspraytocontactgrowingterminalsoftheplant.Donotapplymorethan2applicationsof2,4‐DBinagrowingseason.Tocontrolannualmorninggloryupto3inchesinlength,usethe0.7‐0.9pt/Arateof2,4‐DB.Forallotherbroadleafweeds,apply2,4‐DBatthe1.4‐1.6pt/Arate.Dotreatsoybeanswithtankmixesof2,4‐DBandcarbaryl(SEVIN)insecticidesasseverecropinjurymayoccur.Rainfastinterval=None.


258

HarvestAidsforSoybean





1.0‐2.0floz 0.016‐0.032lb

14

3days 12hours

Comments:Applytosoybeansaftermaturityandgrainhasbeguntodrydown.Useaminimumof10GPAoffinalsprayvolume(5GPAforaerialapplications).Desiccatesannualmorninggloryandotherharvestimpediments.IfAIMwasapplied previously in crop, then it must be counted in the seasonal maximum use rate. Coverage is essential formaximumperformance.AddaCOC(1‐2gal/100gals),NIS(1qt/100gals),orMSO(1‐2gal/100gals) to thespraysolution.Donotapplytofoliagethatiswetfromdew,rain,orirrigation.Rainfastinterval=6to8hours.


**

**

9 ** 12hours

Comments: Apply to soybeans after pods have set and have lost all green color. Preharvest applications ofGLYPHOSATEarenotrecommendedforsoybeansgrownforseedasareductioninvigororgerminationmayoccur.Rainfast interval=heavy rainfall soon after applicationmaywashproductoffof the foliage and a repeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).**RoundupReady‐soybeans:maximumuseratebygroundorairforapreharvestapplicationis22floz/A(0.75lbae/A);preharvestintervalis14days.**Conventional‐soybeans: maximum use rate by ground for preharvest application is 3.3 qt/A (4.8 lb ae/A);applicationsbyairarelimitedto44floz/A(1.5lbae/A);preharvestintervalis7days.


8.0‐16.0floz

5.4‐10.7floz

0.125‐0.25lb

22

15days 12hours

Comments:GRAMOXONEisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.Forindeterminatevarieties,applyGRAMOXONEwhenatleast65%ofthesoybeanpodshavereachedmaturebrowncolororwhenseedmoistureis30%orless.Fordeterminatesoybeanvarieties,applyGRAMOXONEwhenplantsarematurewithfullydevelopedpods,½oftheleaveshavedropped,andtheremainingleavesareyellowing.Donotapplywithin15daysofharvest.Forbetterdesiccationoflargerweeds,usethehigherrate.AddNISat1qtper100galofspraysolution.Rainfastinterval=30minutes.

Defol7.5S(sodiumchlorate)

3.2qt 6.0lb

NC

7to10days 12hours

Comments:ApplyDEFOL7‐10daysbeforeanticipatedharvestwhensoybeansarematureandreadyforharvesttodesiccateweeds.Applyinaminimumof20GPAforground(5GPAforair)applications.Weatherconditionsthatfavordefoliation include high temperatures, high humidity, low wind velocity, and adequate soil moisture. If rain isanticipatedwithin24hours,delayapplicationwheneverpossible.Defoliationmaybeslowedbydaytimetemperaturesbelow60F.ApplyDEFOLwithaNISat2‐4ptper100galofspraysolution.Donotgrazetreatedfieldsorfeedtreatedfoliage.Rainfastinterval=24hours.


1.0‐2.0floz 0.022‐0.044lb

14 3days 12hours

Comments: ApplySHARPENaftersoybeanshavereachedphysiologicalmaturity(allpodsandseedhavenomoregreencolor).Forindeterminatevarietiesapply(greaterthan65%brownpodsandgreaterthan70%leafdrop)orwhenseedmoistureis30%orless,andfordeterminatevarieties,applywhenbeansarefullydevelopedwithmorethat50%leafdrop,andremainingleavesareyellowing.Applyinaminimumof10GPAforground(5GPAforaerial)applications.ApplySHARPENwithMSOandammonium‐basedadjuvantsystem.Donotapplytosoybeangrownforseedproduction.Donotgrazetreatedfieldsorfeedtreatedfoliage.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


259

SOYBEANINSECTCONTROLJeremyK.Greene,Research/ExtensionEntomologist

Thekeystomanaginginsectpestsinsoybeanareto:

1. Scoutfieldsduringhigh‐riskperiodsforyourarea.2. Correctlyidentifyinsectpests.3. Usetreatmentthresholdstomakespraydecisions.4. Usethesafest,mosteconomicalandenvironmentallysoundinsecticideandrate.5. Accuratelycalibratesprayequipment,andproperlyapplyinsecticides.

SCOUTINGChecksoybeansregularlyfromearlyvegetativestagestobeginningmaturity(R7).Ifvelvetbeancaterpillars(mainlythesouthernCoastalPlain)orstinkbugsareaprobleminyourarea,continuescoutinguntilleavesstarttoshed(intoR7).PlaceahighpriorityoncheckingfieldsinbloomfromthelastweekofJulythroughAugust.Cornearwormmothsareattractedtobloomingfieldsandwill laymoreeggsinopen‐canopiedbeansonhighspotsandlightersoilareas.Stinkbugscanbedifficulttoscoutforbecausetheymaynotbefoundinallareasofafield.Stinkbugdamagecanoccurfrompodsettowhenpodsbegintoyellow,butgreatestinjuryoccursduringearlypod‐fill.Becausekudzubugsarestemfeeders,theycaninfestsoybeansduringanygrowthstageandshouldbescoutedforregularly.Themostimportantconsiderationforanyfieldscoutingprogramistogetarepresentativesample.Ifitisimpossibletoscoutallfields,atleastsamplerepresentativevarietiesandplantingdateseachweek.Donottreatallfieldsbasedonwhatisfoundinonevarietyormaturitygroup.Checkinatleasttwodifferentaccessibleareasofafield,suchasoppositeends,oronalighterandheaviersoiltype.Inbothareasmovein20stepsandtakeatleasttwosamples.Takemoresamplesifinsectpopulationsarenotclearlyaboveorbelowthetreatmentthresholdlevel.Totakeeachsampleinconventionalwide‐rowspacing,bendonerowoutofthewayandplacea3ftby3ftbeatcloth(alsocalledagroundordropcloth)withdowelhandlesbetweentherows.Bend3feetofonerowovertheclothandbeatdownvigorouslyonthesoybeansatleast10times.Movethebeansback,andthencountandidentifyinsects.Dividebythreetogetthenumberofpestsperrowfoot.Shaketheclothoffthoroughlybeforetakinganothersample. Soybeansthataredrilledrequireinsectscoutingandtreatmentthresholdstailoredforuseinnarrowrows.Thereareseveralsamplingalternatives,butthemostpracticalinvolvesusingasweepnet.Usea15‐inchdiameterheavy‐dutysweepnetsuchthattheupperedgeofthenetstaysevenwithorslightlybelowthetopofthecanopyasyousweepitthroughthecrop.Sweepforcefullywithaback‐and‐forthmotionasyouwalkthroughthefield.Makeonesweepwitheachstride.Youactuallymakeanelongated"figure8"motionwiththenet;eachpasscoveringtwo38‐inchrowsortheequivalentwidthofnarrowrows.Make10sweeps(eachpassineitherdirectioncountsasasweep);thencountthenumberofinsectsinthenet,beingcarefultosortthroughtheleavesinthebottomofthenet.Takeaminimumoftwo10‐sweepsamplesineachoftwodifferentareasofthefield,ormoreuntilyouareconfidentofyourestimates.Note:Sourcesof sweepnetsareGempler’s (800‐382‐8473orwww.gemplers.com),ForestrySuppliers (800‐647‐5368orwww.forestry‐suppliers.com),andSweepNets.com(408‐887‐7995orwww.sweepnets.com). Askfortheheavyduty15‐inchinsectsweepnet.Alsobesuretoorderareplacementnet.

DEFOLIATIONTHRESHOLDSThegeneraldefoliation threshold for foliage‐feedingpestsorpest combinations is30percent leaf‐area lossbeforebloomand15percentthereafter.Thereisatendencytooverestimatefoliageloss,inpartbecauseinsectsoftenfeedin


260

theupper,morevisiblepartofthecanopy.Inaddition,thereisatendencyfortheeyetofocusmoreondamagedleaves.A technique to “calibrate”or checkdefoliation estimates is to removea trifoliate leaf (three leaflets) from the top,middle,andlowerpartofthecanopywithoutlooking.Thentakeanextraleafletfromthemiddlecanopy,foratotaloftenleaflets.Lookateachleafletindividually,andassignascoreof0to10toeachbasedonanestimateoftheportionofleafareathatismissing.Forexample,ascoreof1requiresthatatleast10%ismissing;a3meansthat30%iseaten;a10indicatesthatallornearlytheentireleafletisgone.Addupthescoretotalforalltenleafletstoarriveatadefoliationestimate.Calculateseveralsuchdefoliationscoresandcomparetheaveragetoestimatesmadebysimplyscanningthecanopy.

BEAT‐CLOTHTHRESHOLDSThethresholdsinTable1(perrowft)andTable2(per3‐ftsample)canbeusedwiththebeatclothmethod.

Table1.Treatmentthresholds(perrowft)forsoybeaninsectssampledwithbeatcloth.

Pest

Rowwidth(inches)

38 30 21 14 7

stinkbug 1 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.2

cornearworm* 2 1.6 1.1 0.7 0.4

velvetbeancaterpillar 4‐6 4 2.7 1.8 0.9

soybeanlooper 6‐8 5.5 3.8 2.6 1.3

*thisisthepod‐feedingthresholdforcornearworm

Table2.Treatmentthresholds(per3rowft)forsoybeaninsectssampledwithbeatcloth.

Pest

Rowwidth(inches)

38 30 21 14 7

stinkbug 3 2.4 1.6 1.1 0.5

cornearworm* 6 4.7 3.3 2.2 1.1

velvetbeancaterpillar 12‐18 12 8.3 5.5 2.7

soybeanlooper 18‐24 16 11.6 7.7 3.8

*thisisthepod‐feedingthresholdforcornearworm

SWEEP‐NETTHRESHOLDSSweep net thresholds in drilled soybeans are not aswell‐defined as those for beat/shake samples. The followingthresholdsshouldbeconsideredguidelinesuntilmoreresearchisavailable.Usepercentdefoliationestimatesasanadditionaltreatmentguidelineforfoliagefeeders.Priortobloom,upto30%defoliationisacceptablewithouteconomicyieldloss,butoncebloomingbegins,theguidelinedropsto15%defoliation.


261

Table3.Treatmentguidelinesforsoybeaninsectssampledwithasweepnet.

Pest Numberper10sweeps Comments

stinkbug 1‐2

cornearworm 3 or15%foliageloss

velvetbeancaterpillar 10 or15%foliageloss

soybeanlooper 15 or15%foliageloss

kudzubug 10(nymphs) 1nymphpersweep

Forotherfoliagefeedersuseathresholdof30%defoliationbeforefirstbloom,15%afterfirstbloom.

INSECTIDENTIFICATION

Thefourmostcommoncaterpillarsfoundinsoybeanarethecornearworm,greencloverworm,velvetbeancaterpillar,and soybean looper. Because color and size are quite variable, the field key below can be helpful in pointing outdistinguishingcharacteristics.

CornEarworm.Cornearwormshavemanycolorvariations,butthepresenceofdark“warts”andmorebody“hairs”helpstodistinguishsmallerlarvaefromothercommonsoybeanleps.CornearwormalsotendstocurlupinaC‐shapewhenhandled.Theyhavea4+1prolegpattern,unlikegreencloverwormsorloopers.TheprimaryinfestationperiodisfromthelastweekofJulytoearlySeptember.Cornearworm,oftencalled"podworm,"isapestthroughoutthestatefeeding on foliage, blooms, pods, and terminal stems. Corn earworms and stink bugs are the most economicallyimportantpestsofsoybeanbecausetheyfeeddirectlyonpods.VelvetbeanCaterpillar.4+1pairprolegs(3+1whensmall);veryactivewhentouched;lightgreentoblack;causesproblemsaroundmid‐AugusttolateOctober;mainlyfoundinsouthernCoastalPlain,especiallyBeaufort,Charleston,


262

Colleton,HamptonandJaspercounties.Thislate‐seasonpestisoftenmistakenlycalled"armyworm”becauseitseemstoappearovernight in largenumbersandcan rapidly stripa field. Thedark colorof somespecimensalso causesconfusion.Ifyouseelargenumbersofverysmallgreenwormsontheshakeclothlateintheseason,beonthealertforvelvetbeancaterpillardefoliationbeginninginthetopofthecanopy.SoybeanLooper.2+1pairprolegs;loopingmovement;fatterat“tail‐end”ofbody;usuallycausesproblemsfrommid‐Augusttomid‐September,mainlyincottonproductionareasandsoutherncoastalcounties.Thethreepairsofthoracic(front)legsmaybegreenorblack.Legcolorcanchangeonthesameinsectasitagesandhasnoeffectoninsecticidetolerance. Thispestprefersplantswhich arenotdrought‐stressed. Damageusually starts in themiddleof a lushcanopy.GreenCloverworm. 3 + 1 pair prolegs; loopingmovement; not fatter at tail‐end; can be problem during July toSeptember;seldomdoessignificantdamagebyitself,statewidedistribution.Thisinsectisoftenmisidentifiedaslooperduetotheloopingmotionofsmalllarvae.Thismistakenidentitycanbeexpensive.Highratesofpyrethroidsandotherinsecticidesareoftenwastedoncloverwormsmisidentifiedasloopers.StinkBugs.Greenorbrownshield‐shapedinsectsasadults,immatureswithsamegeneralshape,butnowings;mainlyanAugust‐Septemberproblem;mostly southernCoastalPlain. Stinkbugdamage ismuch lessobvious thanwormdamagebutusuallymorecostly.Stinkbugfeedingcausesshriveledseedwithreducedgerminationandcancausesmallpodstoabort.LesserCornstalkBorer.Green‐blueorpurple‐bandedworm,uptothree‐quartersofaninchlong;foundatsoilsurfaceortunneledintostem;bodytwitchesvigorouslywhentouched;buildsasandtubeoftenfoundattachedtothestem.Canbeseriouspestduringdroughtstress,particularlyonsoilswithasandysurface. Burninganddiskingofwheatstubblepriortoplanting increases lessercornstalkborerproblems. Reducedtillagereduces lessercornstalkborerdamage. This pest destroys soybean stands by girdling or tunneling into seedlings. The problem is usuallymisdiagnosedaspoorgerminationorstandlosscauseddirectlybydroughtstress.Thepreventativetreatmentlistedundercontrolcanprotectstandsinhigh‐risksituations.Soybean(Dectes)StemBorer.Palegrayadultswithlongblackandgraybandedantennae.Larvaearecream‐coloredleglessgrubs that tunnelstemsofsoybeansandotherhosts (ragweed,cocklebur,etc.). Larval stage is injurious tosoybeanbytunnelingmainstems,producingseriouslydamagedplantsandsignificantyield losswhen infestation isearly, resulting in lodged or cut plants. Associated with repetitive monoculture soybean, so crop rotation helpstremendouslywithprevention.Insecticidespraysareineffectiveincontrollinglarvaeoradults,andculturalpracticesinvolvingcropdestructionandlandpreparation(i.e.disking,deepplowing)areprimarymodesofcontrol.KudzuBugs.Kudzubugadultsgrowtoaboutthesamesizeasadultladybeetles.Theyhaveasmall,almostsquare‐likeappearance,measureapproximatelyone‐fourthinchlong,andhavealightbrowncolorwithanolive‐greenhueanddarkspecks.Kudzubugeggshavealighttancolorandarelaidinaslantingpositionintwo‐rowmasses.Eachbarrel‐shapedegghasarowofspinesaroundtheoperculum(lidoropeningforemergingnymphs).Whenimmatureinsectshatchfromtheeggs,theyhaveanorangecolorandremainincloseproximitytotheeggmassforashorttimebeforedispersing.Asnymphsgrow,theytakeonapalergreencolorandavery“hairy”appearance,particularlyinthelateimmaturestages.Whenlargenumbersofadultsand/ornymphsexisttogether,thespecieshasaverydistinctodorthatcanbequitestrong,oftentothepointofbeingusefulindetectingtheirpresencebeforevisuallyconfirmingit.

TimingofmajorsoybeanpestinfestationsSouthCarolina

KudzuBugs(allseason)

CornEarworms

Loopers

StinkBugs

VelvetbeanCaterpillars

July August September October


263

CHEMICALANDRATESELECTION

Seethefollowingsectionforinsecticiderecommendations.Araterangeisusuallygivenforpestcontrol.Factorsthatinfluencetherequiredratearepestsize,pestdensity,plantsize,temperature,andapplicationmethod.Thehigherratesgenerallyareneededforcombinationsofheavypopulations,largerinsects,denseplantcanopy,extremetemperatures(95degreesF),andaerialapplication.Useofbroad‐spectruminsecticidessuchasLannatecanresultinretreatmentforlate‐seasonvelvetbeancaterpillaroutbreaks.Inareaswithannualvelvetbeancaterpillarproblems,growersshouldconsideraddingDimilintocornearworm,stinkbug,orborontreatmentstopreventretreatment.


264

SOYBEANINSECTCONTROL

CORNEARWORM&GREENCLOVERWORM*(Pyrethroids/Non‐Pyrethroids)BEAN LEAF BEETLE, THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER, & JAPANESE BEETLE(Pyrethroids)Product(pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsbeta‐cyfluthrin(R)BaythroidXL1EC

1.6‐2.8oz

0.013‐0.022 45.7‐80

12hr 45d PyrethroidsprovideresidualactivityforVBC.Defoliationshouldnotexceed15‐20%aftermid‐bloomor30%beforemid‐bloom.Considerpopulationsize,canopydensity,andtemperatureinselectingrate.Afterpodsappear,treatfor2ormorelarge(>0.5in)CEWperrowft.*UselowratesforGCWthatinfrequentlyrequirecontrol.TreatforTCAHwhenstandisthreatened,at3perrowft,ormorethanseveralpersweep.

lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)KarateZ2.08CSWarrior1CSSilencer1ECLambda‐Cy1EC

0.96‐1.6oz1.92‐3.2oz1.92‐3.2oz1.92‐3.2oz

0.0156‐0.026 80‐13340‐66.640‐66.640‐66.6

24hr 30d


5.8‐9.6oz

0.03‐0.05 13‐22

12hr 21d


0.77‐1.28oz

0.0075‐0.0125 100‐166

24hr 30d


2.8‐4.0oz

0.0175‐0.025 32‐45.7

12hr 21d

zeta‐cypermethrin(R)+bifenthrin(R)Hero1.24EC

2.6‐6.1oz

0.025‐0.06

21‐49.2

12hr

21d


2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz

0.04‐0.1 20‐5020‐5020‐5020‐50

12hr 18d

Product(non‐pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHIindoxacarbSteward1.25EC

5.6‐11.3oz

0.054‐0.11

11.3‐22.8

12hr 21d

spinosadTracer4SC(phasedout)Blackhawk36WG

1.5‐2.0oz1.7‐2.2oz

0.047‐0.06250.038‐0.05

64‐85‐

4hr 28d


0.75‐1.5pt

0.225‐0.45 5.3‐10.7

48hr 14d

carbarylSevin80SSevinXLRPlusSevin4F

0.94‐1.56lb0.75‐1.25qt0.75‐1.25qt

0.75‐1.25 ‐3.2‐5.333.2‐5.33

12hr 21d


2.0‐3.0oz

0.0625‐0.094 42.6‐64



14.0‐20.0oz

0.047‐0.067 6.25‐9.1



4.0‐6.4oz

0.094‐0.15 20‐32

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed

THRIPSProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsacephateOrthene/Acephate97Orthene/Acephate90

4.6‐8.0oz5.0‐8.96oz

0.28‐0.5 ‐‐

24hr 14d Treatonlywhenstandisthreatened


265

GRASSHOPPERSProduct(pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsbeta‐cyfluthrin(R)BaythroidXL1EC

2.0‐2.8oz

0.016‐0.022 45.7‐64

12hr 45d Grasshopperscanbeafrequentproblemonsoybeansinreducedtillagesystems.Eggsaredepositedinthesoilinpodsandarenotdestroyedinminimumtillage.Re‐infestationoccursfromfieldedgesandfromeggshatchinginfields.OPsandpyrethroidsworkwellonsmallgrasshoppersatmediumrates,buthigherratesareneededforlargerspecies.Dimilin,aninsectgrowthregulator(IGR),worksonlyonimmaturesandshouldbeconsideredinminimum‐tillagefieldswithahistoryofproblems.


1.6‐1.92oz3.2‐3.84oz3.2‐3.84oz3.2‐3.84oz

0.026‐0.03 66.6‐8033.3‐4033.3‐4033.3‐40

24hr 30d


5.8‐9.6oz

0.03‐0.05 13‐22

12hr 21d


1.28‐1.54oz

0.0125‐0.015 83‐100

24hr 30d


3.2‐4.0oz

0.02‐0.025 32‐40

12hr 21d


2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz

0.04‐0.1 20‐5020‐5020‐5020‐50

12hr 18d


2.6‐6.1oz

0.025‐0.06

21‐49.2

12hr

21d

Product(non‐pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHIacephateOrthene/Acephate97Orthene/Acephate90

4.6‐8.0oz5.0‐8.96oz

0.28‐0.5 ‐‐

24hr 14d


0.94‐1.56lb0.75‐1.25qt0.75‐1.25qt

0.75‐1.25 ‐3.2‐5.333.2‐5.33

12hr 21d

chlorpyrifos(R)Lorsban4EChlorpyrifos4ENufos4ELorsbanAdvanced3.755

1.0‐2.0pt1.0‐2.0pt1.0‐2.0pt0.5‐1.0pt

0.23‐1.0(0.5‐1.0)(0.5‐1.0)(0.5‐1.0)(0.23‐0.47)

4‐84‐84‐88‐16

24h 28d

diflubenzuronDimilin2L(R)

2.0oz

0.03125 64


SPIDERMITESProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsdimethoateDimethoate4EC

1.0pt

0.5 8

48hr 21d Canbeaproblemindroughtstress


266

VELVETBEANCATERPILLARProduct(pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsbeta‐cyfluthrin(R)BaythroidXL1EC

1.6oz

0.0125 80

12hr 45d VBCcanoccurinhighnumbersbutiseasilycontrolled.Usehigherratesforhighpopulations.Significantdefoliationcanbecausedby4‐6largeVBCperrowft,andpodclippingcanoccurafterdefoliation.Treatwhendefoliationexceeds15%aftermid‐bloomandat30%beforemid‐bloom.PyrethroidscanprovideextendedresidualcontrolofVBC.Dimilinisapreventativetreatmentforhigh‐riskareas.


0.96oz1.92oz1.92oz1.92oz

0.0156 13366.666.666.6

24hr 30d


2.9oz

0.015 44

12hr 21d


0.77oz

0.0075 166

24hr 30d


2.8oz

0.0175 45.7

12hr 21d


2.6‐6.1oz

0.025‐0.06

21‐49.2

12hr

21d

Product(non‐pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHImethoxyfenozideIntrepid2F

4.0oz

0.0625 32

4hr 14d

diflubenzuronDimilin2L

2.0‐3.0oz

0.03125‐0.047 42.6‐64

12hr 21d

spinosadTracer4SC(phasedout)Blackhawk36WG

1.0‐2.0oz1.1‐2.2

0.03125‐0.0620.025‐0.05

64‐128‐

4hr 28d


4.8‐9.6oz

0.09‐0.18 13.3‐26.6

48hr 14d


0.5‐1.0lb1.0‐1.5pt1.0‐1.5pt

0.5‐0.75 ‐5.33‐8.05.33‐8.0

12hr 21d


2.0‐3.0oz

0.0625‐0.094 42.6‐64



14.0‐20.0oz

0.047‐0.067 6.25‐9.1



4.0‐6.4oz

0.094‐0.15 20‐32

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed

SOYBEANLOOPER,TOBACCOBUDWORM,BEET&FALLARMYWORM(FAWrarelyaproblem)Product Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentsindoxacarbSteward1.25EC

5.6‐11.3oz

0.054‐0.11

11.3‐22.8

12hr 21d SeeCEWdefoliationthresholds.Ittakes6‐8largeloopersperrowfttocausemajordefoliation.ExistingstocksofTracer.*NotforTBW.


1.0‐2.0oz1.1‐2.2

0.03125‐0.0620.025‐0.05

64‐128‐

4hr 28d

methoxyfenozideIntrepid2F*

4.0‐8.0oz

0.0625‐0.125 16‐32

4hr 14d


2.0‐3.0oz

0.0625‐0.094 42.6‐64



14.0‐20.0oz

0.047‐0.067 6.25‐9.1



4.0‐6.4oz

0.094‐0.15 20‐32

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed


267

STINKBUGSProduct(pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsbeta‐cyfluthrin(R)BaythroidXL1EC

1.6‐2.8oz

0.013‐0.022 45.7‐80

12hr 45d Afterpodsappear,treatwhenstinkbugsreach1perrowftusingadropclothor1‐2per10sweepsusingasweepnet.TreatforstinkbugsexceedingthresholdintoR7.Redbandedstinkbugs(RBSB)aremoredifficulttocontrol.UsemixofpyrethroidandacephateforRBSB.Orthenemightincreasechancesforlaterproblemswithloopersandvelvetbeancaterpillars.


1.6‐1.92oz3.2‐3.84oz3.2‐3.84oz3.2‐3.84oz

0.026‐0.03 66.6‐8033.3‐4033.3‐4033.3‐40

24hr 30d


1.28‐1.54oz

0.0125‐0.015 83‐100

24hr 30d


3.2‐4.0oz

0.02‐0.025 32‐40

12hr 21d


4.0‐10.3oz

0.04‐0.1

12.4‐32

12hr

21d


2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz2.6‐6.4oz

0.04‐0.1 20‐5020‐5020‐5020‐50

12hr 18d


3.8oz

0.025 33.7

12hr

21d

Product(non‐pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHIacephateOrthene/Acephate90Orthene/Acephate97

9.6‐16.0oz8.0‐16.0oz

0.5‐1.0 ‐‐

24hr 14d

LESSERCORNSTALKBORERProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI CommentschlorpyrifosLorsban15Gchlorpyrifos(R)Lorsban4EChlorpyrifos4ENufos4ELorsbanAdvanced3.755

6.7‐13.3lb1.0qt1.0qt1.0qt0.5‐1.0qt

1.0‐2.00.47‐1.0(1.0)(1.0)(1.0)(0.47‐0.94)

‐4444‐8

24h24h

7d28d

PREVENTION:ReducedtillagesignificantlyreducesLCBdamage,asdoesearlyseasonirrigation.ATPLANTING:Apply8‐15oz15G/1000rowft(38’rows)in6‐8‐inchbandoverrow.Incorporatelightlywithpresswheelanddragchainortines.RESCUE(erratic):When10%ofseedlingsshowdamage,apply4Ein25galwaterin6‐inchbanddirectlyatthebaseofplant.


268

KUDZUBUGSProduct(pyrethroids) Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsbifenthrin(R)Discipline2ECBrigade2ECFanfare2EC

4.0‐6.4oz4.0‐6.4oz4.0‐6.4oz

0.0625‐0.1 20‐3220‐3220‐32

12hr 18d Applyinsecticidewhensweep‐netsamplingyieldsonenymphpersweep.Ifkudzubugimmaturesareeasilyandrepeatedlyfoundonpetiolesandmainstemsduringvisualinspectionsofthecanopy,treatmentislikelywarranted.Donotbiasallsamplingtoborderrowswhereinitialpopulationsbuild.Bordertreatmentforinitialinfestationsofadultslimitedtofieldedgesmightdelayneedforwhole‐fieldtreatment.

lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)KarateZ2.08CSWarriorII2.08CSSilencer1EC

1.92oz1.92oz3.84oz

0.03 66.666.633.3

24hr 30d


1.54oz

0.015 83

24hr 30d


4.0oz

0.025 32

12hr 21d


6.4‐10.3oz

0.062‐0.1

12.4‐20

12hr

21d


3.8oz

0.025 33.7

12hr

21d

Pre‐mixedproductscontainingapyrethroidlistedhereandanotheractiveingredientwithactivityonkudzubugs(seeMULTIPLEPESTS–PRE‐MIXEDPRODUCTSbelow)

MULTIPLEPESTS–PRE‐MIXEDPRODUCTSProduct Product/acre Lbai/acre Acre/gal REI PHI Commentsthiamethoxam/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)Endigo2.06ZC*

2.5‐4.5oz

0.04‐0.072

28.4‐51.2

24hr

30d

Seasonlimitof9oz/acrePre‐mixed

imidacloprid/beta‐cyfluthrin(R)Leverage360

2.8oz

0.0656 45.7


imidacloprid/bifenthrin(R)Brigadier2SC*

5.1‐6.1oz

0.08‐0.095 21‐25

12hr 18or45d

Pre‐mixed

chlorpyrifos/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)CobaltAdvanced2.63*

11.0‐38.0oz

0.226‐0.78

3.4‐11.6

24hr

30d

Pre‐mixed

chlorantraniliprole/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)Besiege1.25ZC*

5.0‐10.0oz

0.049‐0.098 12.8‐25.6 24hr 30d Seasonlimitof20oz/acrePre‐mixed

diflubenzuron/lambda‐cyhalothrin(R)DoubleTake3*

3.0‐4.0oz

0.07‐0.0938 32‐42.7



4.0‐6.4oz

0.094‐0.15 20‐32

4hr 28d Pre‐mixed

Forcontrolofmultiplepestsexceedingthresholds,includingbutnotlimitedtovariouscombinationsofthefollowing:cutworm, cabbage looper, green cloverworm, corn earworm, saltmarsh caterpillar, aphids, threecornered alfalfahopper,velvetbeancaterpillar,beanleafbeetles,grasshoppers,plantbugs,andstinkbugs.Usehigherratesforstinkbugs,cornearworm,andgrasshoppers.Usehighestlabeledratesforkudzubug*.ai=activeingredient;(R)=Restricteduse;REI=re‐entryinterval;PHI=pre‐harvestinterval


269

SOYBEANDISEASECONTROLJohnD.Mueller,ExtensionSoybeanPathologist

Soybeanscanbeaffectedbydiseasesthroughoutthegrowingseason.Ingeneralseedlingdiseasesareonlyaprobleminfieldsplantedveryearlyinthegrowingseasonwhensoiltemperaturesarelow.Theyareespeciallyprevalentiflowsoiltemperaturesarecombinedwithverywetsoils.Usuallybymid‐Mayseedlingdiseasesarenolongeraproblem.Seed treatment fungicides normally do a good job of controlling seedling diseases. Duringmid‐season, many leafdiseasesarecommononsoybean.DownyMildew,BrownSpot(SeptoriaBlight),CercosporaLeafSpotandFrogeyeLeafSpotareverycommonandstemdiseasessuchasPod&StemBlightandAnthracnosearecommonfrommidseasontoharvestinwetyears.SoybeanRustisactiveinSouthCarolinaprimarilyaftermid‐Augustinmostyears.SoybeanvarietiesvarygreatlyintheirsusceptibilitytodiseasessuchasFrogeyeLeafSpot.Choosingaresistantvarietyismuchmore cost effective than fungicide applications. Fungicides are available that canhelpwithmanyof thesediseases.Itisimportanttoaccuratelyidentifythediseasesyouaretryingtocontrolasnotalldiseasescanbecontrolledby all fungicides. Check the label of individual fungicides or your South Carolina Soybean Production Guide forinformationonaccurateidentificationofdiseasesbasedonfieldsymptoms.IngeneralSouthCarolinasoybeansshouldnotbesprayedfordiseasecontroluntilaftertheyflower.ThisistruewhetherSoybeanRustorotherdiseasesare the target.Wetweather increases the severityofmost fungaldiseasesand thesubsequent need for a fungicide. Spraying a fungicide in dryweather is oftenunnecessary. Foliar diseases tend torespondwelltofungicideapplications.StemdiseasessuchasCharcoalRotaremoredifficulttocontrolandlowerstemdiseases such as Red Crown Rot (CBR) and Southern Blight (White Mold) are almost impossible to control withfungicides.


270

FUNGICIDESAVAILABLEFORCONTROLLINGSEEDLINGDISEASESONSOYBEAN

Product

ActiveIngredient

FungiControlled

Rate

AllegianceFL Metalaxyl28.35% Pythiumspp. 0.75–1.5fl.oz.percwtApronXL Mefenoxam33.3% Pythiumspp.

Phytophthoraspp.0.16‐0.64fl.oz.percwt.

ApronMaxxRFC Mefenoxam3.46%Fludioxonil2.31%

Fusariumspp.RhizoctoniasolaniPythiumspp.Phytophthoraspp.

1.5fl.oz.percwt.

ApronMaxxRTA Mefenoxam1.01%Fludioxonil0.73%

Fusariumspp.RhizoctoniasolaniPythiumspp.Phytophthoraspp.

5.0fl.oz.percwt.

ApronMaxxRTA+Moly Mefenoxam1.02%Fludioxonil0.68%Molybdenum4.67%

Fusariumspp.Pythiumspp.Phytophthoraspp.Rhizoctoniasolani

5.0fl.oz.percwt.

BeanGuard/Allegiance Carboxin12.5%Metalaxyl3.75%Captan24.45%

molybdenum11.9%

Pythiumspp.RhizoctoniasolaniFusariumspp.

2.0oz.per60lbs.

CruiserMaxx

Mefenoxam1.7%Fludioxonil1.12%

+Thiamethoxam22.6%

Fusariumspp.,Pythiumspp.,Phytophthoraspp.Rhizoctoniasolani

2.95fl.oz.percwt.

CruiserMaxxAdvanced

Mefenoxam3.21%Fludioxonil1.07%

Thiamethoxam21.5%


3.1fl.oz.percwt.

CruiserMaxxVibrance Thiamethoxam20.8%Mefenoxam3.13%Fludioxonil1.04%Sedaxane1.04%


3.22fl.oz.percwt.

Dynasty Azoxystrobin9.6% Pythiumspp.RhizoctoniasolaniSclerotiumrolfsii

0.153–0.459fl.oz.percwt.

Enhance Captan19.55%Carboxin20.0%

Fusariumspp.RhizoctoniasolaniPythiumspp.

5.0oz.percwt.

Equation Azoxystrobin22.8% RhizoctoniasolaniSclerotiumrolfsii

0.40‐0.80fl.oz.per1000ft.row

EverGolEnergySB

Prothioconazole7.18%Penflufen3.59%Metalaxyl5.74%

Fusariumspp.Pythiumspp.

Rhizoctoniasolani

1.0fl.ozpercwt

Evito480SC Fluoxastrobin40.3% RhizoctoniasolaniSclerotiumrolfsii

0.16‐0.24fl.oz.per1000ft.row


271

FUNGICIDESAVAILABLEFORCONTROLLINGSEEDLINGDISEASESONSOYBEAN(CONTINUED)

Donotusetreatedseedforfood,feedoroilpurposes.Donotgrazeorfeedlivestockonforageorhaygrownfromtreatedsoybeanseed.AlltreatedseedmustbecoloredwithanEPA‐approveddyewhichimpartsanunnaturalcolortotheseedtohelppreventtheinadvertentuseoftreatedseedasfoodformanorfeedforanimals.

Product

ActiveIngredient

FungiControlled

Rate

HeadlineSCfungicide Pyraclostrobin23.3% Rhizoctoniasolani 0.1–0.8fl.oz.per1000ft.ofrow

ILeVO

Fluopyram Fusariumviguliforme 1.18to1.97fl.oz.per140,000seed

Maxim4FS Fludioxonil40.3% Fusariumspp.Rhizoctoniasolani

0.08‐0.16fl.oz.percwt.

Mertect340‐F Thiabendazole42.3% Fusariumspp.IncludingF.virguliformePhomopsisspp.

0.08–0.16fl.oz.percwt.

Prevail Carboxin15%PCNB15%

Metalaxyl3.12%

Pythiumspp.Rhizoctoniasolani

2.0–4.0oz.perbushel

PriaxorD

Fluxapyroxad14.33%Pyraclostrobin28.58%

RhizoctoniasolaniFusariumspp.suppressionPythiumspp.suppression

0.2to0.6fl.oz.per1000ft.rowin‐furrow

RidomilGoldSL

Mefenoxam45.3% Pythiumspp.Phytophthoraspp.

0.08‐0.28fl.oz./1000ft.rowin‐furrow

RidomilGoldGR

Mefenoxam2.5% Pythiumspp.Phytophthoraspp.

1.5‐6.0oz.per1000ft.ofrowin‐furrow

Stamina Pyraclostrobin RhizoctoniasolaniFusariumspp.

0.4fl.oz.percwt.

SeedShieldBeans

Thiamethoxam22.6%Mefenoxam1.7%Fludioxonil1.12%Azoxystrobin0.9%

Pythiumspp.Phytopthoraspp.RhizoctoniasolaniSeedbornePhomopisSystemicDownyMildew

3.0fl.oz.percwt.

TrilexFlowable Trifloxystrobin22%

Rhizoctoniasolani 0.32fl.oz.percwt

Trilex2000 Trifloxystrobin7.12%Metalaxyl5.69%

Fusariumspp.Pythiumspp.

Rhizoctoniasolani

1.00fl.oz.percwt.

Vibrance Sedaxane43.7% Rhizoctoniasolani 0.075‐0.16fl.oz.percwt

Vitavax‐34SeedTreatmentFungicide

Carboxin34% Rhizoctoniasolani 3–4fl.oz.percwt.

WardenRTA Mefenoxam2.21%Fludioxonil0.72%

Pythiumspp.,Fusariumspp.Phytophthoraspp.Rhizoctoniasolani

5.0fl.oz.percwt


272

FOLIARFUNGICIDESFORUSEONSOYBEANINSOUTHCAROLINA1

Product ActiveIngredientRate

(fl.oz./acre)

No.ofappl./year&max.(fl.oz./acre)

/year DiseaseControlledAffiance1.5SC Azoxystrobin9.35%

Tetraconazole7.48%10–14 3(28.7) Rust+otherdiseases

Aftershock Fluoxastrobin40.3%

2.7to5.7fl.oz.

2(11.4) Rust+otherdiseases

Alto100SL Cyproconazole8.9%

2.75–5.5 2(11) Rust+otherdiseases

Aproach Picoxystrobin22.5%

6–12 3(36) Rust+otherdiseases

AproachPrima Picoxystrobin17.94%Cyproconazole7.17%

5.0–6.8 2(13.6) Rust+otherdiseases

Cercobin Thiophanate‐methyl41.3%

10.9‐21.8 2(43.6) ForotherdiseasesWillnotcontrolrust

CUSTODIA Azoxystrobin11.0%Tebuconazole18.35%

8.6 3(25.9) Rust+otherdiseases

Domark230ME Tetraconazole20.5%

4‐5 2(10) Rust+otherdiseases

Endura

Boscalid70.0%

3.5‐5.5 2(22) Alternarialeafspot+otherdiseases.Notforrust

Equation

Azoxystrobin22.8%


Evito480SC

Fluoxastrobin403%

2.0‐5.7 2(11.4) Rust+otherdiseases

Evito‐TFungicide

Fluoxastrobin18.0%Tebuconazole25.0%

4‐6 2(11.4) Rust+otherdiseases

FortixFungicide

Fluoxastrobin14.84%Flutriafol19.30%

4.0‐6.0 2(12) Rust+otherdiseases

PreemptorSCFungicide

Fluoxastrobin14.84%Flutriafol19.30%

4.0‐6.0 2(12) Rust+otherdiseases

Orius3.6F Tebuconazole38.7%

3.0–4.0 3(12) Rust+powderymildew

Tebuzol3.6F Tebuconazole38.7%

3.0–4.0 3(12) Rust+powderymildew

HeadlineSCFungicide

Pyraclostrobin23.3%



273

FOLIARFUNGICIDESFORUSEONSOYBEANINSOUTHCAROLINA1(Cont.)

1Foralistofspecificdiseasescontrolledbyeachfungicidepleaseseeaproductlabel.

Product ActiveIngredient

Rate(fl.oz./acre)

No.ofappl./year&max.(fl.oz./acre)

/year DiseaseControlledPriaxorD


+Tetraconazole20.5%

4.0+4.0 2(8+8) Rust+otherdiseases

PriaxorXEMIUMBRANDFUNGICIDE



Proline480SC Prothioconazole41.0%

2.5‐3.0 3(9) Rust+Powderymildew

QuadrisFlowable Azoxystrobin22.9%

6‐15.5 2(92) Rust+otherdiseases

QuadrisTopSB

Azoxystrobin18.2%Difenoconazole

11.4%

8–14 2(26.5) Rust+otherdiseases

QuadrisTopSBX

Azoxystrobin19.8%Difenoconazole19.8%


QuadrisXtra Azoxystrobin18.2%Cyproconazole7.3%


Quiltfungicide Azoxystrobin7.0%Propiconazole11.7%

14‐20.5 2(42) Rust+otherdiseases

QuiltXcel Azoxystrobin13.5%Propiconazole11.7%


Stratego Propiconazole11.4%Trifloxystrobin11.4%

10.0 3(30) Rust+someotherdiseases

StrategoYLD Prothioconazole10.8Trifloxystrobin32.3%

4.0‐4.65 3(13.95) Rust+otherdiseases

Tilt Propiconizole41.8% 4.0‐6.0 2(12) Rust+otherdiseases

Topguard Flutriafol11.8%


TopsinXTR2 Thiophanate‐methyl37.5%

Tebuconazole7.5%

20 Seelabel Rust+otherdiseases

TOPSIN4.5FL Thiophanate‐methyl45.0%

10‐20 2(40) Otherdiseases–WILLNOTCONTROLRUST

TopsinMWSB Thiophanate‐methyl70.0%

0.5–1.0lbs/acre

2(2lbs) Otherdiseases–WILLNOTCONTROLRUST

TrivaproFungicide

Bensovindiflupyr10.27%

Azoxystrobin13.5%Propiconazole11.7%

20.7 41.4 Rust+otherdiseases

Vertisan Penthiopyrad20.6%

10‐30 2(61) Rust+otherdiseases

ZoleraFXFungicide Fluoxastrobin17.76%Tetraconazole17.76%



274

PRODUCTSCONTAININGCHLOROTHALONILFORTHECONTROLOFRUSTANDOTHERFOLIARDISEASESOFSOYBEAN1(Cont.)

1Foralistofspecificdiseasescontrolledbyeachfungicidepleaseseeaproductlabel.

Product Formulation Rateperacre Maximumtotal/yearBravoWeatherStik Flowable 16‐32fl.oz.(3appl.)

24‐36fl.oz.(2appl.)96.0fl.oz.

BravoUltrex DryFlowable 0.9‐1.4lbs.(3appl.)1.4‐2.2lbs.(2appl.)

5.4lbs.

Echo720 Flowable 16‐32fl.oz.(3appl.)24‐40fl.oz.(2appl.)

96.0fl.oz.

Echo90DF DryFlowable 0.875‐1.62lbs.(3appl.)1.25‐2.0lbs.(2appl.)

4.4lbs.

Equus720SST Flowable 24‐48fl.oz.(3appl.)24‐32fl.oz.(2appl.)

96.0fl.oz.

EquusDF DryFlowable 0.9‐1.4lbs.(3appl.)1.4‐2.1lbs.(2appl.)

5.4lbs.


275

SOYBEANNEMATODECONTROLJohnD.Mueller,ExtensionSoybeanPathologist

Nematode‐inducedyieldlossesinSouthCarolinasoybeansarecausedprimarilybySouthernroot‐knot,soybeancyst,Columbialance,andreniformnematodes.Soybeanisanexcellenthostforthesenematodespeciesandoftensustainssignificantyield losses.Sting, lesion,andpeanut root‐knotnematodesalsocauseyield losses in some fields.Useofnematicidesforcontrollingnematodesonsoybeansisoftencostprohibitive.Useofanematicideshouldbecoupledwherepossiblewiththeuseofresistantvarietiesandin‐rowsubsoilingordeeptillage.Inmanyinstances,nematodecontrolmayrequirerotationtoanon‐hostcrop.PleaseseeyourSouthCarolinaSoybeanProductionGuideformorein‐depthinformationonnematodemanagement.NEMATICIDESAVAILABLEFORCONTROLLINGSOYBEANNEMATODES.SEELABELSFORSPECIESCONTROLLEDBYEACHPRODUCT.Nematicide

Activeingredient

Rateperacrefor38inchrows

Comments

TeloneII 1,3‐dichloropropene 3.0–6.0gallons Releasefumigantatleast12inchesfromthesoilsurface.Mustbeapplied10–14dayspriortoplanting.

Temik15G Aldicarb 3.0‐5.0lbs. Applyin‐furrow,plantseedintotreatedzone.Abandmaybeappliedoveranopenfurrow.LabelexpiresonAugust31,2018

AgLogic15G Aldicarb 7.0lbs. Applya4‐6inchT‐bandoveropenseedfurrowandimmediatelycoverwithsoil.

AvictaCompleteBeans500

AbamectinThiamethoxamMefenoxamFludioxonil

6.2fl.oz.percwt.ofseed

Applicationbycommercialseedtreatersonly.

AVICTA500FS Abamectin SeeLabel Appliedonlyasacommercialseedtreatment.Controlsonlynematodes.

Clarivapn Pasteurianishizawae–Pn1

1.0to3.0fl.oz.percwt.ofseed

EffectiveonlyagainstSoybeancystnematode.

ClarivaEliteBeans

P.nishizawae–PN1Thiamethoxam,

SedaxaneMefenoxam,Fludioxonil

5.6fl.oz.percwt.ofseed

IncludesthenematicideClarivapn,theonlynematodethiswillcontrolisSoybeancystnematode.

ILeVO

Fluopyram 18to58ml/140,000seed

Applyusingcommercialslurryormist‐typeseedtreatmentequipment.

PONCHO/VOTiVO ClothianidinBacillusfirmusI1582

SeeLabel

Appliedonlyasacommercialseedtreatment.Containsmaterialstocontrolnematodesandthrips.


276

WEEDCONTROLINSUNFLOWERMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

Preplant/BurndownHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSunflowers




Ingredient

Aim2EC(carfentrazone)Aim2EW

1.0‐2.0oz 0.016‐0.032lb

14

3days 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimebeforeplantingwhenweedsaresmall.Useahigherrateforlargerweeds.AddaCOC(1‐2galper100galsspraysolution,NIS(1qtper100galsspraysolution),orMSO(1‐2galper100galsofspraysolution).TankmixpartnersincludeGLYPHOSATE,LIBERTY,GRAMOXONE.

GramoxoneSL2E(paraquat)Paraquat3S

2.5‐4.0pt

1.7‐2.7pt

0.63‐1.0lb

22

None 12hours

Comments: GRAMOXONE is a RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE. Apply PARAQUAT prior to planting to effectivelydesiccateweedsformoreefficientplantingandreducecompetitionwithsunflowerseedlings.Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat2qt/100gallonsofspraysolution.Donotmakemorethan3applicationsperyear(preplant/preemergence).

Glyphosateacidequivalent(ae)3lbae/gal4lbae/gal4.17lbae/gal4.5lbae/gal

32‐47oz24‐46oz23‐45oz22‐32oz

0.75‐1.13lbae

9 None 4hours

Comments: Apply 1‐2weeks prior to planting date to control existing grass and broadleafweeds and to reducecompetitionwithsunflowerseedlings.


29‐36oz 0.53‐0.66lb

10

70days 12hours

Comments:Spraycoverage isessential foroptimumperformance. Groundapplicationrequiresaminimumof15gallons of water/acre. Dense weed canopies require 20 to 40 gallons per acre. See label for further applicationinstructionsandtank‐mixpartners.

SpartanCharge3.5F(carfentrazone+sulfentrazone)

3.75‐7.75floz 0.016‐0.028lb

+0.16‐0.25lb

1414

None 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTANCHARGEpriorto1‐2weekspriortoplantingorupto3daysafterplantingsunflowers.Foranincreasedweedspectrum,tankmixwithGLYPHOSATE,LIBERTY,orPARAQUAT.AddSPARTANCHARGEtothespraytankfirst.


277

WeedandCoverCropResponsetoBurndown/PreplantHerbicidesinSunflower1 Aim2 Glyphosate2 Gramoxone2 Liberty2

barley,little F E G Gbluegrass,annual G F G Pbuttercups G E E Echickweed,common G F E Eclovers P PF G Fcudweed G E FG Gdandelion P P N FGdock,curly P PF F Geveningprimrose,cutleaf GE PF F Ggeranium,Carolina GE FG GE GEhenbit/deadnettle G F G Ghorseweed(marestail) G E F GEmustard,wild G FG FG GEpansy,field G F G Gpepperweed,Virginia G G G Gradish,wild G FG G GEryegrass,Italian F G FG Psorrel,red F E E PFspurry,corn G GE FG ‐‐‐swinecress G FG PF GEvetch GE F G GEwheat/ryecovercrop P E FG F1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol70to80%;P=poorcontrol,lessthan70%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2Herbicideratesforburndownare:Aimat1.0oz/A;Glyphosateat0.75lbae/A(22oz/Aof4.5lbae/galor32oz/Aof3.0lbae/gal);Gramoxoneat3.0pt/A;andLibertyat29oz/A.

PreplantIncorporated(PPI)HerbicidesforWeedManagementinSunflowers




DualMagnum7.62SC(s‐metolachlor)

1.0‐1.33pt 0.96‐1.27lb

15

None 24hours

CommentsControlofannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleafweeds.Incorporateintothetop2inchesofsoil.Canalsobeappliedpreemergencesurfaceapplication (afterplanting,prior tocropemergence).Providesearlyseasonyellowandpurplenutsedgesuppression.

ProwlH2O3.8EC(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3EC

1.5pt

1.7pt

0.71lb

3

21days 24hours

Comments:Controlofannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleafweeds. Incorporate intothe top2 inchesofsoilwithin7daysofapplication.Canalsobeappliedpreemergence(afterplanting,priortocropemergence).

SonalanHFP3EC(ethalfluralin)

1.5‐2.0pt 0.6‐0.75lb

3

None 24hours

Comments:Controlsannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleafweeds.Incorporateintothetop2inchesofsoilwithin48hoursofapplication.


278

PreplantIncorporated(PPI)HerbicidesforWeedManagementinSunflowers(cont)





3.0‐6.0floz 0.094‐0.188lb

14

None 12hours

Comments: Apply SPARTAN and shallowly incorporate up to 2 inches (Do not incorporatemore than 2 inches).SPARTANcancausesunflowerinjuryathighratesonlightsoil.SPARTANcanalsobeappliedpreemergence(atplantingorupto3daysafterplanting,butpriortocropemergence).ApplySPARTANaminimumof7‐14daysbeforeplantingoncoarsetexturedsoils.DonotapplytosoilsclassifiedasSANDSwithlessthan1.0%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan8.0floz/AofSPARTANpergrowingseason.

Treflan4EC(trifluralin)

1.0‐1.5pt 0.5‐0.75lb

3

60days 12hours

Comments:Controlsannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleafweeds.Incorporateintothetop2inchesofsoilwithin48hoursofapplication.Preemergence(PRE)HerbicidesforWeedManagementinSunflowers




DualMagnum7.62SC(s‐metolachlor)

1.0‐1.33pt 0.96‐1.27lb

15

None 24hours

CommentsApplyDUALMAGNUMafterplantingbutbeforecropemergence.Controlsannualgrassesandsmallseededbroadleafweeds.Providesearlyseasoncontrolofyellownutsedgewithsomesuppressionofpurplenutsedge.


1.5pt

1.7pt

0.71lb

3

21days 24hours

Comments: Apply PROWL after planting but before crop emergence. Controls annual grasses and small seededbroadleafweeds.


3.0‐6.0floz 0.094‐0.188lb

14

None 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTANatplantingorupto3daysafterplanting,butpriortocropemergence.SPARTANcancausesunflowerinjuryathighratesonlightsoil.DonotapplytosoilsclassifiedasSANDSwithlessthan1.0%organicmatter.Donotapplymorethan8.0floz/AofSPARTANpergrowingseason.


3.75‐7.75floz 0.016‐0.028lb

+0.16‐0.25lb

1414

None 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTANCHARGEasabroadcastsurfaceapplicationatplantingorup to3daysafterplantingsunflowers.Properlyclosedseedfurrowsarerequiredwhenapplyingatplantingtimeorbeforeseedgermination.Tankmixwithagrassherbicideforbroaderspectrumcontrol.DonotapplySPARTANCHARGEaftercropemergenceoriftheseedlingisclosetothesoilsurfaceascropresponsemayoccur.Donotapplymorethan10.2flozSPARTANCHARGEper12monthperiod.Donotuseonsoilsclassifiedassands,whichhavelessthan1%organicmatter.

ZiduaSC4.17SC(pyroxysulfone)

1.75‐5.0floz 0.057‐0.163lb

15

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyZIDUASCasabroadcastspraytothesoilsurfaceafterplantingandbeforecropemergence.Ensureseedbedis freeofclods,trash,andcrackssuchthatrowclosureisuniformbehindthepresswheelandtheseedisproperlycovered.Donotapplymorethan2.5floz/AofZIDUASConcoarsetexturedsoilspercroppingseason.


279

Postemergence(POST)HerbicidesforWeedManagementinSunflowers





5‐12floz 0.034‐0.069lb

1

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyASSUREII7‐8oz/Aover‐the‐topsunflowerstocontrolannualgrassesupto6”tall.Forcontrolofrhizomejohnsongrass,apply5ozofAssureIIwhenjohnsongrassis10‐24"tallandthenretreatwith5ozwhenregrowthreaches6‐10"tall.Forbermudagrasscontrol,apply10‐12oz/Aat3”tall(upto6”runners).Waitaminimumof7daysbetween applications to allow for adequate regrowth. Add crop oil concentrate at 1 gal/100 gallons or nonionicsurfactantat1qt/100gallonsofspraymixture.Donotexceed18oz/Ainagrowingseason.DonotapplyASSUREIIafterpodset.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Beyond1AS(imazamox)

4.0floz 0.031lb

2

None 4hours

Comments: USEONLYONCLEARFIELDSUNFLOWERVARIETIES. Forbest results, use a foundation soil appliedherbicideatorbeforeplanting.ApplyBEYONDtosunflowersfromthe2‐to8‐leafgrowthstagebeforebroadleafweedsexceed3inchesinheight.Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat2qtper100galofspraysolutionplusliquidnitrogenat1‐2qt/Aorammoniumsulfateat1.5‐3lb/A.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

Poast1.5E(sethoxydim)

1.0‐1.5pt 0.19‐0.28lb

1

75days 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimeduringcropgrowthbeforeannualgrassesexceed4‐6"tall.Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply1.5pt/Aupto25"tall.Asecond1.0pt/Atreatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowthupto12"tall.Forbermudagrass,treat6"runnerswith1.5pt/A,andthenapplyasecondapplicationof1.0pt/Ato4"re‐growth.Add1pt/AofDASHHCorSUNDANCEHCadjuvantorcropoilconcentrateat2pt/A.Includeliquidnitrogenat4‐8pt/Aorammoniumsulfateat2.5lb/Aforenhancedcrabgrassactivity.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Donotapplymorethan2.5pt/Aperseason.DonotusePOASToninbredsunflowerlinesgrownforseed.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


6.0‐16.0floz

12.0‐32.0floz

0.09‐0.25lb

1

70days 24hours

Comments:Applyanytimeduringcropgrowthbeforeannualgrassesexceed4‐6"tall.Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply8oz/A(12‐14oz/ASELECTMAX)upto24"tall.Asecond6oz/A(6‐18oz/ASELECTMAX)treatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowth.Forbermudagrass,treat6"runnerswith8oz/A(16oz/ASELECTMAX),andthenapplyasecondapplication of 8 oz/A (16 oz/A SELECTMAX) to 6" re‐growth. Add a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or crop oilconcentrateat1qt/Aplusammoniumsulfateat2.5lb/Aforenhancedjohnsongrassandvolunteercornactivity.Consultlabelfortankmixpartners.Rainfastinterval=1hour.

ZiduaSC4.17SC(pyroxysulfone)

1.75‐3.25floz 0.057‐0.106lb

15

60days 12hours

Comments:ApplyZIDUASCasabroadcastspraytosunflowerfromthefirsttrueleaf(leafatleast1.5incheslong,V1growthstage)throughthe8‐leafgrowthstage(V8).DonotapplyZIDUASCtosunfloweratthecrackingorcotyledongrowthstage.Weedsemergedatthetimeofapplicationmustbecontrolledwithcultivation,oratankmixorsequentialprogramwithanotherlabeledherbicide.PostemergenceapplicationsofZIDUASCmaycausetemporaryleafburnandstunting,butareductioninsunfloweryieldisunexpected.Donotapplymorethan2.5floz/AofZIDUASConcoarsetexturedsoilspercroppingseason.ZIDUASCmaybetankmixedwithBEYOND(ClearfieldPlussunflowervarietiesonly),POAST,andPROWLH2O.


280

HoodedSprayerHerbicidesforWeedManagementinSunflowers





1.0‐2.0floz 0.016‐0.032lb

14

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments: ApplyAIMusingahoodedorshieldedsprayertowardthebaseoftheplanttoavoidcontactwiththesunflower foliage or green tissue. Controls velvetleaf, annual morningglory, and pigweeds. Add 1 qt of nonionicsurfactantper100gallonsofspraysolution. Donotapplymorethan4.1floz/AofAIMin‐seasonasarow‐middleapplication.Donotapplymorethan6.1floz/AofAIMfromallapplicationspergrowingseason.Donotapplytofoliagethatiswetfromdew,rain,orirrigation.Rainfastinterval=6to8hours.


22floz

0.75lbae

9 7days 4hours

Comments:ApplyGLYHOSATEtorowmiddlesusinghoodedorshieldedsprayerthatpreventsspraycontactwithsunflowerfoliageorgreentissue.Donotapplymorethanacombined22floz/AofGLYPHOSATEfrompreplantthroughhoodedsprayerapplications.Donotgrazeor feedtreatedsunflower forage followingapplicationofGLYPHOSATE.Rainfast interval=heavy rainfall soonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffof the foliageanda repeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).

HarvestAidsforSunflowers





22floz

0.75lbae

9 7days 4hours

Comments:ApplyGLYHOSATEwhensunflowersarephysiologicallymatureindicatedbythebacksidesoftheflowersareyellowandbractsareturningbrown,andseedmoistureislessthan35%.Donotexceed22floz/AofGLYPHOSATEforapreharvestapplication.Donotgrazeor feed treated sunflower forage followingapplicationofGLYPHOSATE.Rainfast interval=heavy rainfall soonafterapplicationmaywashproductoffof the foliageanda repeatapplicationmaybeneededtoensureadequateweedcontrol(suggest1hour).

GramoxoneSL2.0S(paraquat)Parazone3.0S

1.2‐2.0pt

0.8‐1.3pt

0.3‐0.5lb

22

7days 24hours

Comments:PARAQUATisaRESTRICTEDUSEPESTICIDE.ApplyPARAQUATaminimumof10gallonsofsprayperacre(5gallonsbyair)whensunflowersarephysiologicallymature(whenseedis35%moistureorless).Addnon‐ionicsurfactantat2qt/100gallonsofspraysolution.Donotmakemorethan2applicationsperyear(harvestaid).Donotgrazetreatedareasorfeedtreatedforagetolivestock.

ValorSX(flumioxazin)ValorEZ4SC

1.5‐2.0oz

1.5‐2.0floz

0.032‐0.064lb

14

5days 12hours

Comments:ApplyVALORSXwhensunflowersarephysiologicallymature(whenseedis35%moistureorless).Toensurethoroughcoverage,useaminimumof15gallonsperacre.Addmethylatedseedoilwhichcontainsatleast15%emulsifiersand80%oilat1qt/A.Aspraygradenitrogensource(ammoniumsulfateat2‐2.5lb/Aora28‐32%nitrogensolutionat1‐2qt/A)maybeaddedtothespraymixturealongwithmethylatedseedoiltoenhancedessication.TankmixingGLYPHOSATEorPARAQUATwillincreasethecontrolofemergedweedsandaidinharvestofsunflowers.


281

WeedResponsetoHerbicidesforSunflowerWeedManagement1 PPI2 PPI2orPRE3 PRE3 POSTEMERGENCE HOODED

Sonalan/Treflan

DualMagnum

Prowl

Spartan

SpartanCharge

ZiduaSC

AssureII

Beyond4

Poast

Select/M

AX

ZiduaSC

Aim

Glyphosate

anoda,spurred P P P G G ‐‐‐ P F P P ‐‐‐ F GE

barnyardgrass E GE E F F E GE F GE GE E G E

beggarweed,Florida P P P E E P P ‐‐‐ P P P F G

Bermudagrass P P P P P P GE P FG G P P G

citronmelon P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P P P P P G

cocklebur,common P P P GE GE P P E P P P GE E

cowpea P P P P P P P P P P P P G

crabgrass E E E FG FG E E FG GE GE E P E

crotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P P P P P F G

croton,tropic P P P G G ‐‐‐ P P P P ‐‐‐ G GE

crowfootgrass E E E F F E E FG FG G E P E

dayflower,Benghal P G P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE P ‐‐‐ P P GE ‐‐‐ G

eclipta ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ FG E

goosegrass E E E FG FG GE E FG GE GE GE P E

jimsonweed P P P E E GE P E P P GE GE E

johnsongrass,rhizome P P P P P GE G P G GE GE P E

johnsongrass,seedling E F E F F P E FG GE GE P P E

lambsquarters,common GE F GE E E G P G P P G P E

morninggloryspp. P P P E E P P FG P P P G FG

nutsedge,purple P P P E E P P FG P P P P G

nutsedge,yellow P FG P E E FG P FG P P FG P FG

panicum,fall E G E FG FG GE E FG GE E GE P E

panicum,Texas GE PF GE F F FG E F GE GE FG P E

pigweedspp.ALS‐resistantDNA‐resistantglyphosate‐resistant

EEPE

EEEE

FGFGPFG

EEEE

EEEE

GEGEGEGE

PPPP

FPFF

PPPP

PPPP

GEGEGEGE

GGGG

EEEP

poinsettia,wild P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ GE GE

purslane,common GE G GE F F ‐‐‐ P P P P ‐‐‐ F P

pusley,Florida E G E FG FG G P ‐‐‐ P P G G PF

ragweed,common P P P P P ‐‐‐ P F P P ‐‐‐ E GE

redweed G G G P ‐‐‐ P P G G G

sandbur E G GE PF PF GE E FG G G GE P E

senna,coffee P P P G G ‐‐‐ P P P P ‐‐‐ FG GE

sesbania,hemp P P P GE GE ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ G PF

sicklepod P P P P P F P P P P F P E

sida,prickly P P P P P G P G P P G G G

signalgrass,broadleaf G FG G F F G E FG GE GE G P E

smartweed,Pennsylvania ‐‐‐ P P P P P P ‐‐‐ P P P G E

spurge P PF P G G G P ‐‐‐ P P G FG G

starbur,bristly P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ GE GE

velvetleaf P P P E E P P E P P P G GE1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,50to80%;P=poorcontrol,<50%;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2PPI=Preplantincorporated3PRE=Preemergence4UseonlyonClearfieldsunflowervarieties


282

WEEDCONTROLINTOBACCOMikeMarshall,ExtensionWeedSpecialist

PreplantIncorporatedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinTobacco





2.0‐2.67pt 0.75‐1.0lb

13

65days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCOMMANDtothesoilsurfaceasabroadcastsprayandincorporateusingshallowtillage(lessthan2inches).Excellentcontrolofpricklysidaandannualgrasses.Goodcontrolofragweed.Seelabelforotherrestrictionsanddriftcontrolmeasures.COMMANDmaypersistandcauseinjurytosmallgraincovercrops,seelabelfordetails.COMMANDmaybeappliedupto7daysaftertransplanting.

Devrinol2EC(napropamide)Devrinol50DF

2.0‐4.0qt

2.0‐4.0lb

1.0‐2.0lb

15

70days 24hours

Comments: Apply DEVRINOL preplant incorporated by shallow disking. Controls pigweed, ragweed and otherbroadleaf weeds. Use the higher rate for fields with a history of heavy weed infestations. Will not controlmorningglories.Donotexceed2.0lbai/ADEVRINOLpercroppingseason.DonotapplyDEVRINOLmorethanoncepercroppingseason.

ProwlH2O3.8EC(pendimethalin)Prowl3.3E

2.0pt

2.4pt

0.95lb

0.99lb

3

‐‐‐ 24hours

Comments:ApplyPROWLbroadcastonthesoilsurfaceandincorporateupto60daysbeforetransplanting.Increaseratewhereweedpressureisheavy.Controlssmallseededannualgrassesandbroadleafweeds.

Tillam6E(pebulate)

2.67qt 6.0lb

8

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplyTILLAMandincorporateimmediatelytopreventevaporationofTILLAMwithatandemdisksettocut6"deep.Forbestresults, runthe tandemdisk in twodifferentdirections(crossdisk).Dragwithaspike toothharroworcultipacktohelpsealTILLAMinsoil.Providesgoodcontrolofmostgrassesandnutsedge.TILLAMisnotpersistantinthesoilandweedsgerminatinglateintheseasonwillnotbecontrolled.

Tillam6E(pebulate)+Devrinol2EC(napropamide)Devrinol50DF/DF‐XT

2.67qt+

2.0‐4.0qt

2.0‐4.0lb

6.0lb

1.0‐2.0lb

815

70days 12hours

Comments: ApplyDEVRINOL+TILLAMpreplant incorporatedby shallowdisking. This combinationwill providecontrolofnutsedgeandannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Applyupto3weeksbeforetransplanting.Donotapplymorethan1gallon/AofDEVRINOL2ECperseason.Donotmakemorethan1applicationofDEVRINOLperseason.Uselowerrateoncoarse‐texturedsoils.


283

Pretransplant(SurfaceApplied)HerbicidesforWeedManagementinTobacco





6.0‐8.0floz 0.19‐0.25lb

14

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTAN4Ftothesoilsurfacefollowinglandpreparationfrom14daysupto12hoursbeforetransplanting.Ifbedsareformedbeforetransplanting,thetopofthebedsshouldbeknockeddownpriortoapplicationof SPARTAN. Sprayer calibration and good agitation are essential with application of SPRATAN. Avoid excessiveoverlapofsprayswaths.Excellentcontrolofmorningglory,pigweed,lambsquartersandyellownutsedge.DonotapplySPARTANoverthetopoftransplantedtobaccoascropinjurymayoccur.TankmixwithCOMMANDorPROWLforimprovedgrasscontrol.Donotapplymorethan12floz/AofSPARTANper12‐monthperiod.DonotapplySPARTANto soils classified as sandswith less than 1.0% organicmatter. Do not use SPARTAN in tobacco seeding beds orgreenhouses.


5.7‐10.2floz 0.016‐0.028lb

+0.16‐0.25lb

1414

‐‐‐ 12hours

Comments:ApplySPARTANCHARGEtothesoilsurfacefollowinglandpreparationfrom14daysupto12hoursbeforetransplanting.Ifbedsareformedbeforetransplanting,thetopofthebedsshouldbeknockeddownpriortoapplicationofSPARTANCHARGE.SPARTANCHARGEwillprovidepostemergenceactivityonweeds(lessthan3inchesinheight)presentatthetimeofapplication.SprayercalibrationandgoodagitationareessentialwithapplicationofSPRATANCHARGE.Avoidexcessiveoverlapofsprayswaths.Excellentcontrolofmorningglory,pigweeds,lambsquarters,andyellow/purplenutsedge.DonotapplySPARTANCHARGEoverthetopof transplantedtobaccoascrop injurymayoccur. Tankmixwith COMMAND or PROWL for improved grass control. Do not applymore than 15.2 fl oz/A ofSPARTANCHARGEper12‐monthperiod.DonotapplySPARTANCHARGEtosoilsclassifiedassandswithlessthan1.0%organicmatter.

At‐TransplantPostemergenceBroadcastHerbicidesforWeedManagementinTobacco





2.0‐2.67pt

6.0lb

13

65days 12hours

Comments:ApplyCOMMANDover‐the‐topoftransplantsimmediatelyaftersettingtoprovidesoilresidualcontrolofsmallseededannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Usethehigherrateforfieldswithahistoryofweedproblems.Ifpossible,irrigatewithahalfinchofwaterifnorainfalloccurswithin3to5days.

Devrinol50DF/DF‐XT(napropamide)Devrinol2EC

2.0‐4.0lb

2.0‐4.0qt

1.0‐2.0lb

15

70days 24hours

Comments:ApplyDEVRINOLover‐the‐topoftransplantsimmediatelyaftersettingtoprovidesoilresidualcontrolofsmallseededannualgrassesandbroadleaves.Usethehigherrateforfieldswithahistoryofweedproblems.Ifrainfalldoesnotoccurwithin5days,shallowlyincorporateorirrigatewithsufficientwatertowetsoiltoadepthof2to4inches.Donotapplymorethan4lbDEVRINOLperseason.


284

Post‐TransplantPostemergenceDirectedHerbicidesforWeedManagementinTobacco





0.8‐1.5floz 0.0125‐0.024lb

14

6days 12hours

Comments:ApplyAIMusingashieldedorhoodedsprayertoweedsthatareemergedandactivelygrowingbeforelayby(lessthan3inchesinheight).Addcropoilconcentrate(COC)at1galper100galofspraysolution.Coverageisessentialformaximumefficacyontargetweeds.DonotapplyAIMwhenconditionsfavordrift.Donotallowspraytocontacttobaccofoliageorgreenstemtissueasseverecropinjurymayoccur.Donotapplymorethan3.06flozAIMperacreperseason.Rainfastinterval=6hours.

Devrinol50DF(napropamide)DevrinolDF‐XTDevrinol2EC

2.0lb

4qt

1.0lb

15

70days 12hours

Comments:Applyfollowinglastcultivation.Directsprayintorowmiddlesusingdropnozzles.Providesonlyresidualcontrol.Noactivityonemergedweeds.Ifrainfalldoesnotoccurwithin5days,shallowlyincorporateorirrigatewithsufficientwatertowetsoiltoadepthof2to4inches.Donotapplymorethan4lb/AofDEVRINOLperseason.

Poast1.5E(sethoxydim)

1.0‐1.5pt 0.19‐0.28lb

1

42days 12hours

Comments:Applyanytimeduringcropgrowthbeforeannualgrassesexceed4‐6"tall. Forrhizomejohnsongrass,apply1.5pt/Aupto25" tall. Asecond1.0pt/Atreatmentmaybeappliedtocontrolregrowthupto12" tall.Forbermudagrass,treat6"runnerswith1.5pt/A,andthenapplyasecondapplicationof1.0pt/Ato4"re‐growth.Add1pt/AofDASHHCorSUNDANCEHCadjuvantorCOC2pt/AplusUANat4‐8pt/AorAMSat2.5lb/A.Donotapplymorethan4.0pt/AperseasonofPOAST.Rainfastinterval=1hour.


1.5‐2.0pt

1.8‐2.4pt

0.71‐0.95lb

0.74‐0.99lb

3

N/A 24hours

Comments:Apply4to6weeksaftertransplantingina16to24‐inchdirectedbandbetweencroprows.Sprayshouldnot contact the tobacco leaves. Use thehigher product ratewhereweedpressure is heavy. Controlsmost annualgrassesandpigweeds.Noactivityonemergedweeds.


285

WeedResponsetoHerbicidesforTobaccoWeedManagement1 PRE‐TRANSPLANT POST‐TRANSPLANT

PPI2 PRE3 AT‐PT4 LAYBYDIRECTED

Command

Devrinol

Prowl

Tillam

Devrinol+Tillam

Spartan

SpartanCharge

Command

DevrinolDF‐XT

Poast

Aim

DevrinolDF‐XT

Prowl

anoda,spurred E ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G E ‐‐‐ P F ‐‐‐ P

barnyardgrass GE GE E GE GE F F GE GE GE G GE E

beggarweed,Florida ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P F ‐‐‐ P

Bermudagrass PF P P P P P P PF P G P P P

citronmelon G P P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G P P P P P

cocklebur,common F P P P P GE GE F P P GE P P

cowpea P P P P P P P P P P P P P

crabgrass E E E E E FG FG E E E P E E

crotalaria,showy ‐‐‐ P P P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P F P P

croton,tropic G ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G G ‐‐‐ P G ‐‐‐ Pcrowfootgrass G E E E E F F G E E P E E

dayflower,Benghal F ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P

eclipta G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ GE GE G ‐‐‐ P FG ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐goosegrass G E E E E FG FG G E E P E E

jimsonweed FG ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ E E FG ‐‐‐ P GE ‐‐‐ P

johnsongrass,rhizome F P P P P P P F P GE P P P

johnsongrass,seedling P F E F F F F P F E P F E

lambsquarters,common GE G GE G G E E GE G P P G GE

morninggloryspp. P P P P P E E P P P G P P

nutsedge,purple P P P P P E E P P P P P P

nutsedge,yellow P P P P P E E P P P P P P

panicum,fall G G E G G FG FG G G P P G E

panicum,Texas FG ‐‐‐ GE ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ F F FG ‐‐‐ G P ‐‐‐ GE

pigweedspp.DNAresistant

PFPF

GG

FGFG

GG

GG

EE

EE

PFPF

GG

PP

EE

GG

FGFG

poinsettia,wild P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P GE ‐‐‐ P

purslane,common G GE GE GE GE F F G GE P F GE GE

pusley,Florida E GE E GE GE FG FG E GE P G GE E

ragweed,common P P P P P P P P P P E P P

redweed ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐sandbur E G GE G G PF PF E G G P G E

sesbania,hemp P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G P ‐‐‐ P FG ‐‐‐ Psicklepod P P P P P GE GE P P P G P P

sida,prickly P P P P P P P P P P P P P

signalgrass,broadleaf G G P G G P P G G GE G G G

smartweed,Pennsylvania P P G P P F F P P P P P P

spurge ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P G ‐‐‐ P

starbur,bristly P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ G G P ‐‐‐ P FG ‐‐‐ Pvelvetleaf P ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ ‐‐‐ P ‐‐‐ P GE ‐‐‐ P1KeytoResponseRatings:E=excellentcontrol,90%orbetter;G=goodcontrol,80to90%;F=faircontrol,70to80%;P=poorcontrol,70%orless;‐‐‐=InsufficientData.2PPI=PreplantIncorporated3PRE=Preemergence4AT‐PT=AtTransplant/PostemergenceafterTransplant


286

TOBACCOINSECTCONTROLFrancisP.F.Reay‐Jones,ExtensionEntomologist

Integratedpestmanagement(IPM)istheecologicalapproachtopestcontrol.ItusesALLsuitabletechniquestoreducepestsbeloweconomiclevels.ItisnottheintentionofIPMtodoawaywithchemicals.Ifanything,IPMisdesignedtoprotectchemicalsfrombeinglostorbecomingineffective.Wheninsectpestpopulationsreacheconomicthresholdlevels,controlmeasuresmustbetaken.Theultimatelineofdefenseagainstinsectenemiesistheuseofchemicals.Thesecontrolcostscanbeveryexpensive,butthecostofnotcontrollingcouldbetotalcropdestruction.WithIPM,whenchemicalsareused,itisbecausetheyarenecessary;factsreplacehunches.IPMisneededeveninhighcashcropssuchastobacco.Indiscriminateuseofinsecticidesdestroysbeneficialinsects.Thiscancauseminororsecondarypeststobecomemajorpestsandmajorpeststoreachseriouslevelsearlier.Overuseofinsecticidesmayalsocontributetoaresistancebuildupbythepestsandmakecontrolevenharder.In order to reduce selection pressure on any given active ingredient, we recommend that growers avoid usinginsecticideswiththesamemodeofactiononconsecutivegenerationsofapestifmultipleapplicationsarerequiredduringagrowingseason.Rotationamonginsecticideswithdifferentmodesofactionisrecommended.Thiswillhelptomaintain theefficacyof labeledproducts.Tohelpwithselectionof insecticides,modesofactionof insecticidesareindicating in the recommendations below using the classification defined by the Insecticide Resistance ActionCommittee(http://www.irac‐online.org).Adifferentnumberindicatesadifferentmodeofaction.NaturalControl‐Thisincludesweather,beneficialinsects,diseases,etc.,andresultsinthedeathofmostinsectpests(sometimesasmanyas95‐97%).Perhapsasmanyas50%,orevenmore,ofthepotentialinsectpestsaredestroyedbybeneficialinsectsbeforetheycandomuchdamagetotobacco.Beneficialinsectsareveryimportant.EconomicThreshold‐Thisisalevelatwhichatreatmentwouldbeprofitableandadecisiontotreatshouldbemade.Economicthresholdsmaybeaffectedbysuchthingsaslocation,sizeofinsects,presenceofbeneficials,timeofgrowingseason,stageofgrowth,andthesizeandconditionofthetobaccoplant.Economicthresholdsarecontinuallychanging.Whenindoubt,consultwithyourcountyExtensionagent.Currenteconomicthresholdsare:Tobaccobudworms‐Treatwhenfourormoreplantsoutof100(4%)areinfestedwithbudwormsduringthefirst4weeksaftertransplanting.Afterthefourthweekanduntilplantshavebuttoned,treatwhen10ormoreplantsoutof100(10%)areinfested.WhenusingCU‐263,youmaybeabletowaitalittlelongerbeforetreatment.Tobaccohornworms ‐Treatwhen10ormoreworms(withoutparasitecocoons)arefoundper100plants(10%).Wormshavingwhiteparasitecocoonseatmuchless,andmoreofthesecanbetoleratedbeforetreatmentisrequired.Aphids‐Treatwhen10%oftheplantscheckedhave50ormoreliveaphidsonatleastoneleaf.Fleabeetles‐Treatwhenthereisanaverageofthreefleabeetlesperplantearlyintheseason,whenthetobaccoissmall,oranaverageof20fleabeetlesperplantlateintheseason,whenthetobaccoislarge.Fleabeetlesarenormallyaproblemonlyearlyintheseason(shortlyaftertransplanting)andlateintheseason(whentheharvestoflowerleavesmovesthefleabeetlesupthestalk).Cutworms‐Treatwhen10%oftheplantscheckedshowcutwormdamage.Scouting‐ScoutingtobaccoforvariouspestswaspartoftheTobaccoIPMprogramthatbeganinDillonCountyin1979.TheprogramexpandedtoFlorenceandHorrycountiesin1982andtoMarionCountyin1983.Privatescoutingbeganin1984,andcontinues.Ultimately,wehopethatalltobaccointhisstatewillbescoutedatleastonceaweekforallcroppests,bytrainedscoutsorbythegrowers.


287

THRIPSThripsareresponsibleforthetransmissionoftomatospottedwiltvirus(TSWV)intobacco.Thripsareverytinyinsects,barelyvisiblewiththenakedeye.Althoughtherearemanydifferentkindsofthripsfoundontobacco,onlythreeofthosespeciesarecapableoftransmittingthedisease.Oneofthose,Frankliniellafusca(thetobaccothrips),isthemostcommonthripsfoundontobacco.Transmission of the disease seems to be most common during a fairly short period of time early in the season.Insecticideapplicationstocontrolthethripsseemtoprovideverylittlehelpincontrollingthedisease.Bythetimethattheinsecticidekillsthethrips,theyhavealreadytransmittedthedisease.TheapplicationofAdmire(orgenericbrandsofimidacloprid)orPlatinuminsecticidespriortotransplantingdoesprovidesomesuppressionofthedisease.APHIDSForseveralyearsnow,wehavebeenseeingfewergreenaphidsandmoreredaphids,withthelatterbeingmoredifficulttocontrol.Sometaxonomicworksuggestedthattheaphidthatwehavehadontobaccoforthepastfewdecadeswasnotthegreenpeachaphid,Myzuspersicae.Anewspecies,thetobaccoaphid(Myzusnicotianae),wasdescribed.Wehavenowcomefullcircle.Othertaxonomistshavelookedatthesituationandcometotheconclusionthattheseareboththesamespecies,thegreenpeachaphid.Thegreenpeachaphiddoescomeinbotharedandgreencolorform,withtheredgenerallybeingmoredifficulttocontrol.Aphidssecreteasugarysubstanceknownashoneydew.Honeydewissticky,andaperfectsiteforthedevelopmentofsootymold.Oncehoneydewandsootymoldarepresentontheleaves,theyarenearlyimpossibletogetoff.Asaphidsmolt,theyleavetheircastskinsbehind.Ihavereceivednumerouscallsfromgrowers(bythewayofthecountyagents)who complainedof gettingpoor control of aphidswithOrthene.When I examined the situation,what I foundwastobacco leavescoveredwithcastskins,honeydew,andsootymold.Therewereno liveaphids.Orthenewillkill theaphids,butitwillnot(norwillanythingelse)getridofthecastskinsanddamage.Tobaccothathasbeendamagedbyaphidswillcarrythatdamageallthewaytothewarehousefloor.Leaveswillbethinner,black,andstucktogether.Theresultisamess.Thetobaccoisofverypoorqualityand,justifiably,bringsalowerprice.Thewaytoavoidaphiddamagetoyourtobaccoistocontroltheaphidsbeforetheybuilduptosuchhighnumbers.Theredformofthegreenpeachaphidismoredifficulttocontrolthanthegreenform.BothAdmire(andgenericbrandsofimidacloprid)andPlatinumusedinthegreenhousewillgiveexcellentcontroloftheredandgreenformsofthegreenpeachaphid.PRECAUTIONSUSINGINSECTICIDESALLinsecticidesshouldbeappliedaccordingtolabelprecautionsandrestrictions.


288

TOBACCOINSECTCONTROLINTHEPLANTBED

INSECTPRODUCT{MODEOFACTIONGROUP}*

AMOUNTPER

1000SQFT

MIXINGAND

APPLICATIONREI

Aphids&Flea

Beetles

Acephate

(Orthene97){1B}3/4**tbsp Mixsprayusing3/4tbspper1

galwater/1000sqft.24

Cutworms

Acephate(Orthene97){1B}

3/4tbsp Mixsprayusing3/4tbspper1galwater/1000sqft.

24

Slugsor

Snails

Metaldehyde5B 2lb

Scatteraroundmargins,walkways,andopenspacesinbeds.

12

*Modesofactionof insecticidesare indicatingusing theclassificationdefinedby the InsecticideResistanceActionCommittee(http://www.irac‐online.org).**tbsp=tablespoonTOBACCOINSECTCONTROLINGREENHOUSES

Acephate(Orthene97)islabeledforuseontobaccoingreenhousestocontrolcutworms,fleabeetles,thegreenpeachaphid,andthetobaccoaphid,atarateof¾lb/A.Applytofoliageattheequivalentof3/4tbspin3galwater/1000sqftofbed.Applyevenlytoensurethoroughcoverage.Note:Floatbedwatershouldbedisposedofinthetransplantedfieldthroughthetransplantwaterorthroughfoliarspray.Imidacloprid ‐AdmireProhasreplacedAdmire2F.Bothproductshavethesameactive ingredient(imidacloprid).HowevertheAdmireProformulationismoreconcentrated,thereforetherateswillbedifferent.Itislabeledat0.5floz/1000plantsforaphidsandfleabeetlesand0.6‐1.2floz/1000plantsformolecricketsandwireworms.Fortomatospottedwiltsuppression,use0.8‐1.2floz/1000plants.Admire2Fandgenericbrandsarealsolabeledforuseontobaccoasadrenchtotraysorflatspriortotransplanting.Labeledratesare1floz/1000plantsforaphidsandfleabeetlesand1.4‐2.8floz/1000plantsformolecricketsandwireworms.Althoughthisisagreenhouseapplication,imidaclopridwillcontroltheseinsectsinthefieldformostofthegrowingseason.Fortomatospottedwiltsuppression,use1.8‐2.8floz/1000plants.Thiamethoxam(Platinum2SC)islabeledforuseontobaccoasadrenchtotraysorflatspriortotransplanting.Itislabeled at 0.8‐1.3 fl oz/1000 plants for aphids, flea beetles, and Japanese beetles, and 1.3 fl oz/1000 plants forwireworms.Althoughthisisagreenhouseapplication,itisforcontroloftheseinsectsinthefield.Fortomatospottedwiltsuppression,use0.8‐1.3floz/1000plants.Aninsecticidalsoap,M‐Pede,isalsolabeledforuseontobaccointhegreenhouse.However,itseffectivenesshasnotyetbeenestablished.“ALLinsecticidesshouldbeappliedaccordingtolabelprecautionsandrestrictions.”


289

TOBACCOINSECTCONTROLINTHEFIELD

Noteontobaccohornwormandtobaccobudwormcontrol: inadditionto foliarapplicationsof insecticides(seeproductslistedbelow),insecticideswithchlorantraniliprole(Coragen[chlorantraniliprole];Durivo[chlorantraniliproleandthiamethoxam])andcyantraniliprole(Verimark)arenowlabeledforuseintransplantwater. It is importanttofollowrecommendationsforwaterusagetoensurethatrootsreceivesufficientmoisture.

INSECTPRODUCT{MODEOFACTIONGROUP}*

AMOUNTPERACRE

MIXINGAND

APPLICATIONREI(hrs)

WIREWORMS Ethoprop(Mocap15G[R]){1B}

13lb

Broadcastgranuleswithspreaderorapplyspraysevenlyoverareaatleast7‐10daysbeforetransplantinganddisctomix2‐4inchesintosoil.

48

Imidacloprid(AdmirePro){4A}

0.6‐1.2floz/

1000plants

Applyasadrenchtoflatsortrayspriortotransplanting. 12


0.8‐1.2floz/

1000plants

Applyintransplantwaterinaminimumof100gal/A. 12

Imidacloprid(Admire2Fandgenericbrands){4A}

1.4‐2.8floz/

1000plants



1.8‐2.8floz/

1000plants

Applyin‐furrowortransplantwater.12


290

TOBACCOINSECTCONTROLINTHEFIELD(cont)

INSECT PRODUCT{MODEOFACTIONGROUP}*

AMOUNTPERACRE

MIXINGAND

APPLICATION

REI(hrs)

WIREWORMS(CONT)

Thiamethoxam(Platinum2SC){4A}

1.3floz/1000plants

Applyasadrenchtoflatsortrayspriortotransplanting,orintransplantwaterinaminimumof100gal/A.

12

Thiamethoxamandchlorantraniliprole(Durivo){4A}{28}

1.6floz/1000plants

Applyattransplant.‐

APHIDS Acephate(Orthene97){1B} 0.5lb

Applyin10‐50galspray/Aforcompletecoverageorintransplantwaterinaminimumof100gal/A.PHI=3days

24


0.5floz/1000plants



0.6floz/1000plants

Applyintransplantwaterinaminimumof100gal/A.

12


1.0floz/1000plants

Applyasadrenchtoflatsortrayspriortotransplanting.

12


1.4floz/1000plants


Imidacloprid(Provado1.6F){4A}

2‐4oz

Applyin20‐40galspray/Aforcompletecoverage.PHI=14days

12

Lambda‐cyhalothrin/chlorantraniliprole(Besiege){3A}{28}

5‐9ozUseatleast10galspray/ac.PHI=40days(suppressiononly)

12

Methomyl(LannateLV[R]orSP[R]){1A}

1.5ptsor0.5

lbs.


48

Pymetrozine(Fulfill50WG){9B}

2.75oz

Sameasabove.Donotmakemorethantwoapplicationsperseason.

12


0.8‐1.3floz/1000plants


12

Thiamethoxam(Actara){4A} 2‐3oz Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=14days. 12




Thiamethoxam/chlorantraniliprole(VoliamFlexi){4A}{28}

2.5‐4oz Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=14days 12


291


INSECTPRODUCT{MODE

OFACTIONGROUP}*

AMOUNTPERACRE

MIXINGAND

APPLICATIONREI(hrs)

FLEABEETLES


0.5lb


12

Carbaryl(Sevin80Sor4F){1A}

1.25‐2.5lb1‐2qt

Applyin20‐40galspray/Aforcompletecoverage.PHI=0

12

Cyantraniliprole(Exirel)

13.5‐20.5oz foliarapplication(PHI=7days)12

Cyantraniliprole(Verimark)

10‐13.5oz Transplantwaterorgreenhousetraydrench

4


0.5floz/1000plants



0.6floz/1000plants

Applyintransplantwaterinaminimumof100gal/A. 12


1.0floz/1000plants



1.4floz/1000plants



4oz


12


0.75‐1.5ptsor0.25‐0.5

lbs


48




12

Thiamethoxam(Actara){4A}

2‐3oz Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=14days.

12







292


INSECTPRODUCT{MODE

OFACTIONGROUP}*

AMOUNTPERACRE

MIXINGAND

APPLICATIONREI(hrs)

BUDWORMS Acephate(Orthene97){1B}

0.75lb


12

BacillusThuringiensis**{11}

(seelabel)

BacillusThuringiensis{11} 5‐10lb

Commerciallypreparedbait.Placesmallpinchinbudofeachplantwithaglovedhandormechanicalapplicator.

Bait

Chlorantraniliprole(Coragen){28}

3.5‐7.5oz

5.0‐7.5oz

foliarapplication(PHI=1day)transplantwaterapplicationatplanting

4

Cyantraniliprole(Exirel)

10‐20.5oz foliarapplication(PHI=7days) 12

Cyantraniliprole(Verimark)

10‐13.5oz Transplantwaterorgreenhousetraydrench

4

Lambda‐cyhalothrin(KarateZ){3A}

0.96‐1.92oz Atleast2gallonsperacre.PHI=40days.

24


5‐9oz Useatleast10galspray/ac.PHI=40days 12


1.5ptsor0.5

lbs.

Useatleast10galspray/ac.PHI=5days 48

Spinosad(TracerorBlackhawk){5}

1.4‐2.9ozor1.6‐3.2oz

Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=3days. 4


1.6floz/1000plants



4oz Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=14days 12


293



AMOUNTPERACRE

MIXINGAND

APPLICATIONREI(hrs)

HORNWORMS


0.5lb


12

BacillusThuringiensis**{11}

(seelabel)


1.25‐2.5lb1‐2qt

Applyin20‐40galspray/Aforcompletecoverage.PHI=0

12


3.5‐7.5oz

5.0‐7.5oz

foliarapplication(PHI=1day)transplantwaterappl.atplanting

4

Cyantraniliprole(Exirel) 13.5‐20.5oz foliarapplication(PHI=7days) 12Cyantraniliprole(Verimark)

10‐13.5oz Transplantwaterorgreenhousetraydrench 4

Lambda‐cyhalothrin(KarateZ){3A}

0.96‐1.92oz Atleast2gallonsperacre.PHI=40days.

24


5‐9oz Useatleast10galspray/ac.PHI=40days

12


0.75‐1.5pts0.25‐0.5lbs

Useatleast10galspray/ac.PHI=5days

48

Spinosad(TracerorBlackhawk){5}

1.4‐2.9ozor1.6‐3.2oz

Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=3days.

4


1.6floz/1000plants

Applyasadrenchtoflatsortrayspriortotransplanting. ‐

HORNWORMS(cont.)Thiamethoxam/chlorantraniliprole(VoliamFlexi){4A}{28}

4oz Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=14days

12

LOOPERS


0.75lb


12

Bacillusthuringiensis**{11}

(seelabel)


1.5pts0.5lbs

Useatleast10galspray/ac.PHI=5days.

48


294



AMOUNTPERACRE

MIXINGAND

APPLICATION

REI(hrs)

GRASSHOPPERSAcephate(Orthene97){1B} 0.25‐0.5lb

Apply in 20‐40 gal spray/A for completecoverage or in transplant water in aminimumof100gal/A.PHI=3days

12

STINKBUGS

Acephate(Orthene97){1B} 0.5‐0.75lb


12


3.5‐7.5oz foliarapplication.PHI=1day 4

JAPANESEBEETLES


1.25‐2.5lb1‐2qt

Apply in 20‐40 gal spray/A for completecoverage.PHI=0

12


0.75lb


12


4oz

Apply in 20‐40 gal spray/A for completecoverage.PHI=14days 12

Thiamethoxam(Actara){4A}

2‐3oz Useatleast20galspray/ac.PHI=14days. 12



Apply as a drench to flats or traysprior totransplanting, or in transplant water in aminimumof100gal/A.

12

Thiamethoxam/chlorantraniliprole(VoliamFlexi){4A}{28}.


CUTWORMS

Chlorpyrifos(Lorsban15Gor4E[R]){1B}

13.5lbor2qt

Apply as preplant broadcast granules or apreplantbroadcastsprayinnotlessthan10galspray/A.Incorporateintosoil2‐4inches. 24

CAUTION:DoNOTapplytofoliage.Acephate(Orthene97){1B}

0.75lb


12

VEGETABLEWEEVILS


0.5to0.75lb


12

*Modesofactionof insecticidesare indicatingusing theclassificationdefinedby the InsecticideResistanceActionCommittee(http://www.irac‐online.org).**BtproductslabeledforuseontobaccoinSouthCarolinaincludeDipel,Biobit,Thuricide,MVP,LepinoxandAgree.


295

ON‐FARMCONTROLOFTOBACCOMOTHANDCIGARETTEBEETLE

INSECTICIDE

DOSAGE

HOW,WHERE,ANDWHENTOAPPLY

Heattreatment

TobaccomothandCigarettebeetle(allstages)

140oF

Hanginbarnforafewhours.

CAUTION:Tobaccomustbethoroughlydriedattemperaturebelow100oFbeforeincreasingtemperatureorcolorwillchangeandresultindecreasedprice.

Dichlorvos(Vapona)

Resinstrips{1B}

Tobaccomoth(mothonly)

1per1,000cuftofspace

Effective in reasonably tight storage facilities.Hangone resin stripper1,000cuftofstoragespace.Replaceiflivemothsarenoticed.

Bacillus

thuringiensis*{11}

Tobaccomoth(larvaeonly)

(seelabel)

Applyasafinemist.Sprayleavesinlayersastobaccoisbeingsheeted,re‐sheeted,orplacedinapileforstorage.Goodcoverageisessential.CAUTION:Avoidexcessivemoisture.

*TheonlyBtproductlabeledforthisuseinSouthCarolinaisDipel.


296

TOBACCODISEASEMANAGEMENTPaulD.Peterson,ResearchPlantPathologist

GeneralInformationEndemicdiseasessuchasbacterialwilt,blackshankandroot‐knotnematodesalwayscausesignificantdiseaselossesinSouthCarolina.Tomatospottedwilt,targetspot,andbluemoldalsohavethepotentialofcausingdiseaseproblemsin SC as well. These important and potentially devastating diseases of tobacco can best be managed through acombinationofcontrolmethods.Itisurgedthatgrowersidentifydiseaseproblemsintheirfieldsandfollowdiseasemanagementsuggestionsbasedonrotation,varietyselection,sanitationandchemical treatments. Asounddiseasemanagementstrategycannotbedevelopedwithouttheproper identificationofthediseaseproblemsinyour fields.Diseasedevelopmentisadynamicprocessandcanchangeovertime.Alowdiseaselossinyourfieldsintherecentpastdoesnotassurediseaselosseswillremainlow!DiseaseManagementStrategyDiseaselossesaffecttobaccoyields,qualityandprofitability.Diseasecontroloptionscanbeexpensivetouseandcostlyespeciallyifthewrongcontroloptionischosen.Greatcareneedstobeexercisedtoassureareturnonyourcontrolinvestment.Rotation:Thebestdefenseagainstmostdiseasesandtheleastexpensiveisagood,well‐plannedrotation.However,thediseasesmustbecorrectlyidentifiedwithinparticularfieldstodevelopasoundrotationplan.Anyrotationisbetterthannorotation,butcertaincropswilldoabetter jobofsuppressingcertaindiseases. Whilesomegrowerstakeachanceanddonotrotate,soonerorlatertheywillgetcaughtwithunexpectedlosses.Somediseases,suchasbacterialwiltorblackshank,maydestroyentirefields!Also,somediseasessuchasmosaicandnematodesmaybecausingmoredamagethanrealizedthroughobservationbecausetheplantmaynotcompletelydie. Lossestothesediseasesareeasilymaskedinayearinwhichrainfallwasplentiful.Althoughdifficulttosee,theselossessubstantiallyreducefarmincome!LossestothethreemajordiseasesinSouthCarolina,thatconsistentlyreduceyieldsfromyeartoyear,canbereducedthroughaplannedrotationprogram.HostResistance:Selectionofresistantvarietiesprovidesahighlyeffectiveandinexpensivemethodofreducinglossestodisease. Varietiesdiffer inresistancetoblackshank,bacterialwilt, tobaccomosaic,Fusariumwiltandroot‐knotnematodes,soanyonevarietywillnotbethebestchoiceinall fields. Studythediseaseratingswithinthetobaccoproductionguidetoselectappropriatevarietiesforyourfarm.ChemicalTreatments: SelectionofchemicaltreatmentsshouldbeyourLASTCONSIDERATIONinadiseasecontrolstrategy.Rotation,varietyselectionandpropersanitationreducepopulationsofpathogenicorganismstolevelsthatcanbecontrolledbychemicalapplications.Chooseyourchemicalstomatchthediseasepressureinyourfields.

BacterialWiltControlBacterialwiltisthemostseriousofthesoil‐bornediseasesoftobaccoinSouthCarolina.Itisverydifficulttomanage.Thediseaseisconcentratedintheeastern‐mostcountiesinthePeeDeeRegion,butispresentandincreasinginseverityinotherimportanttobacco‐producingcounties.Symptomsofbacterialwiltappearfirstasawiltofleavesononesideoftheplant.Eventually,theentireplantwilts,andinfectedplantsusuallydie.Stalksappeardarkbrownorblackatthegroundlevelandlookverymuchlikeblackshank.However,bacterialwilt‐infectedplantshaveblackstreaksinthetissuejustundertheouterbark.Portionsoflowerstalktissuewilloozemilkystrandsofbacteriawhenplacedinaclearcontainerofwater.


297

Bacterialwiltisadiseasethatiscausedbyabacterium(Ralstoniasolanacearum),whichlivesinthesoil.Thesebacteriacausediseasewhen they infect the roots throughwounds. Any typeof rootwoundingprovidesanentrypoint forinfection.Therefore,shallowcultivationwillhelptoavoidwoundingroots,whichprovidepointsforinfection.Naturalwoundsoccur intherootsystemasaresultofrootgrowththroughthesoil; therefore,acertainamountofnaturalinfectioncantakeplace,ifthebacterialpopulationishighenoughinthesoilaroundtherootsystem.Thebacteriumthatcausesbacterialwiltalsoinfectsanumberofothercropplants,suchastomatoes,potatoes,peppers,eggplantandpeanuts.Ragweedisaverycommonweedthatisahostforthebacterium.Therefore,itisveryimportanttorecognizeandcontrolthisweedthoroughlyinareasplannedfortobacco.Thebacteriaareverypersistentinsoil,andlongrotations(threeyearsorlonger)maybenecessaryinsomefieldstoassistinmanagingthedisease.Rotationisimperativeformanagement.Multipurposechemicals(TeloneC‐17andChlor‐O‐Pic)alsoassistincontrol.BacterialwiltMUSTbemanagedbyacombinationofrotation,varietyselection,andpossibleuseofmultipurposechemicals.Otherhelpfulpracticesincluderootandstalkdestruction,enhancedsoildrainage(utilizeahighwidebed)andearlyshallowcultivation toavoid rootwounding. It is alsoVERY IMPORTANT toavoidspreadofbacterialwiltbymovementofinfestedsoilonfarmequipmentorbyothermeans.MechanicalSpreadofBacterialWiltInfectionof tobacco in the fieldoccurs typically through theroot system.However,mechanical transmissionof thebacteriumduringtoppingandharvestingalsoplaysasignificantroleinthespreadandseverityofthedisease.BESTMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFORCONTROLOFBACTERIALWILTThefollowingpointsshouldbeconsideredtohelpcontrolbacterialwilt:1.Croprotationtoincludesoybeans2.Useofhostresistance3.Multipurposesoilfumigation4.Handtoppingorprioritizeorderoftopping,andharvesting(healthytobaccofirst).Considerusingtheredesigned

topperbladewhichappliesCloroxasadisinfectant.5.Eliminateorreducestalkwoundingatharvest.Keepharvesterscleanandproperlyadjustedtoavoidsteminjury6.UseRounduptokillstalksorimmediatestalkdestructionfollowinglastharvest7.Maintainproperdrainageinfield8.UseofawintercovercropMULTI‐PURPOSECHEMICALSFORBACTERIALWILTANDNEMATODECONTROL.

MATERIAL RATE/A REMARKS REI

TeloneC17

10.5gal

CAUTION:

3‐weekwaitingperiodbetweenApplicationand

Transplanting.

5days

Chlor‐O‐Pic

3.0gal

Sameasabove.

48hrandgasconc.lessthan0.1ppm

Remarks: Multi‐purpose fumigants require waiting periods of up to 3 weeks before tobacco can be safelytransplantedintofumigatedsoils.Gooddiseasecontrolbyfumigationispossiblewheneversoilmoistureandsoiltemperatureconditions(55oFat6inchesisbest)arefavorable.Cold,wetsoilswillnotallowfumigantstoworktothe best of their capability. In‐row multipurpose fumigation can be applied during the subsoiling operation.Placementoffumigantbelowtheclaysubsoilshouldbeavoided.Soilmoistureshouldnotbeexcessiveatthepointofinjectionorpoorcontrolwillbeachieved.


298

BlackShankControlBlackshankcancausesignificantlossesinSouthCarolinatobacco.Blackshankiscausedbyafungus(Phytophthoraparasiticavar.nicotianae),whichlivesinthesoilandattackstheplantprimarilythroughtheroots.Woundsarenotrequiredforinfectionbytheblackshankfungus.Highsoilmoisturefavorsrootcolonizationbytheblackshankfungus,althougheffectsofearlyseasoninfectionsbecomemostapparentwhensoilmoisturebecomeslimited.Sustaininghighdiseaselossesfromblackshankistragic,becauseweknowthatrotationisveryeffectiveinreducinglevelsofthefungusinthesoil.Anyrotationiseffectivetosomedegree,becausetobaccoistheonlyhostoftheblackshankfungus.Thelongertherotation,themoreeffectivethecontrol.Therefore,rotationisthebackboneofasuccessfulcontrolstrategy,whichalsoshouldutilizeresistantvarieties,chemicalsandculturalpractices.

FIELDINFESTATION

LEVEL

ROTATION

VARIETALRESISTANCEOPTIONS

CHEMICALCONTROL

High(Morethan6%disease)

1)4years

Moderatetohigh

Nematicide

2)3years

Highonly

MultipurposeorFungicide+Nematicide

3)2years

Highonly

Fungicide+Nematicide

Moderate(1%‐6%disease)

1)3years

LowtoHigh

Nematicide

2)2years

Highonly


3)None*

Highonly

Fungicide+Nematicide

Low(Lessthan1%disease)

1)2years

Lowtohigh

Nematicide

2)None*

Highonly


Remarks:Continuousculture(tobaccofollowingtobacco)isnotrecommended.However,ifthiscroppingsystemischosen,useonlyvarietieswithhighresistanceandablackshankcontrolchemical. DoNOTconsidercontinuouscultureiftheinfestationlevelisgreaterthan6%oftheplantshavingblackshank.

Continuous use of new varieties with high resistance and the ph gene without crop rotation may lead to thedevelopmentofnewstrainsofthepathogenreducingtheeffectivenessofthenewerresistantcultivars.Numerousfields have been observed with race 1 of black shank, which can causes disease on varieties with the ph gene.Producers should consider rotating tobacco varieties to include lineswith andwithout theph gene (see tobaccovarietytable inSouthCarolinaTobaccogrowersGuide). If race1occurswithinyour field(diseaseobserved inavarietywiththephgenewhichimpartsimmunitytorace0)considerusingavarietywithhighresistancethatdoesnotcontainthephgene.Inaddition,continuoususeofnewvarietieswithhighresistancetoblackshankwithoutcroprotationmayleadtolossesfromotherdiseasessuchasfusariumwilt(seediseaseresistanceratingsinSCTobaccoGrowersGuide).

RidomilGoldandtwonewfungicides,OrondisGold200andPresidio,arelabelledforuseontobaccoin2017.Pleasesee tables and information below for application recommendations,BUTALWAYSCONSULTTHE INDIVIDUALPRODUCTLABELFORCOMPLETEUSEDIRECTIONSANDAPPLICATIONINFORMATION.


299

RIDOMILGOLDFORBLACKSHANKCONTROLROTATION RIDOMILGOLDSLAPPLICATION REI

None

(ContinuoustobaccoisNOTrecommended)

1qt/ApreplantbroadcastOR1pt/Apreplantbroadcast+1pt/Alayby*OR

1pt/Apreplant+1pt/Afirstcultivation+1pt/Alayby*

48hr

2year

(Tobaccoinalternateyears)

1.5pt/ApreplantbroadcastOR

1pt/Apreplantbroadcast+0.5pt/Alayby*

48hr

3yearormore

(Tobaccoeverythirdyearormore)

1pt/ApreplantOR

1pt/Apreplantbroadcast+0.5pt/Alayby*

48hr

Remarks:*ApplyRidomilatlaybycultivationusingtwodropnozzlesperrowdirectedtothesidesofthebed.REI=reentryintervalRIDOMILGOLDFORPRE‐PLANT&POST‐PLANTCONTROLOFBLACKSHANK

Applicationsite RIDOMILGOLDSLAPPLICATION REITransplantwater24‐Clabelorpost‐plantsoilapplications

Applyintransplantfurrowwhileplantingtobaccoseedlings.Applyin4‐8oz/A(0.25‐0.5pt/A)inatleast200gallonsoftransplantwaterperacre.Additional soil applications (1st cultivation and/or layby)may beneededifdiseasepressure ishigh.DoNotExceed labelratefortheseason.Consultlabelforpotentialofcropinjuryandapplicationdirections!24‐CLabelshouldbeinyourpossessionatthetimeofapplication.

48hr.

PRESIDIOFORPOST‐PLANTCONTROLOFBLACKSHANK

ApplicationRatesMinimumTimefrom

LastApplicationtoHarvest(PHI)

SpecificUseInstructionsfloz/A

GPASprayMixture

4(0.125lbai/A) Ground:Minimum20

N/A

Post‐transplantprogram:oneapplicationofPresidiofungicidecanbemadeateitherfirstcultivationorlayby(lastcultivation).Directnozzlestocoversoilbeneathlowerleavesincorporateimmediatelywithcultivator.

*Forbest controlofblack shankwithPresidioFungicide,usewith tobaccovarieties thathavemoderate‐to‐highresistance to the black shank pathogen. Consult your local Cooperative Extension Service office or universityspecialistforinformationonvarietyselection.


300

ORONDISGOLD200FORPRE‐PLANT&POSTPLANTCONTROLOFBLACKSHANK

Rate(floz/A) ApplicationTiming

4.8‐19.2Applyatplantinginfurroworintransplantwater.

.Applysoil‐directedorbandedapplicationsat1stcultivationandlayby.

ResistanceManagement:•Makenomorethan2sequentialapplicationsbeforerotatingtoafungicidewithadifferentmodeofaction.•DonotfollowsoilapplicationsofOrondisGold200withfoliarapplicationsofOrondisOptiAorOrondisUltraA.

USERESTRICTIONS

1. 1)MaximumSingleApplicationRate:Donotexceed19.2flozperacreperapplication.2. 2)MaximumAnnualRate:Donotexceed38.6flozperacreperyear.3. 3)MaximumNumberofApplications:Donotmakemorethanfourapplicationspercrop.4. 4)MinimumApplicationInterval:7days5. 6)Pre‐harvestInterval(PHI):7days

ORONDIS+RIDOMILGOLDCO‐PACKFORPRE‐PLANT&POSTPLANTCONTROLOFBLACKSHANKRateOrondisGold200+RidomilGoldSL

Userateper2(ee)Recommendation

MaximumamountperseasonOrondisGold200+RidomilGoldSL

Donotexceed38.6fl.Oz.ofOrondisGold200soiluseperacreperseasonDonotexceedtheequivalentof1.5lbs.a.i.peracreofmefenoxam‐containingproducts

Minimumgallonsperacre(GPA)

Transplant(setter)waterdrench:200GPA1stCultivation:20GPALayby:40GPA

PreharvestInterval(PHI) 7daysAdjuvants Donotcombinewithadjuvants,surfactantsorfertilizers,unlessprior

usehasshownthecombinationphysicallycompatible,effectiveandnon‐injuriousunderyourconditionsofuse

CropRotationIntervals 0daystocropsonlabel30daystocerealsandgrassanimalfeeds180daystoallothercrops

RecommendedBlackShankFungicideProgramsfor2017TheopportunitytousetheOrondisGold200+RidomilGoldSLco‐packinatransplant‐waterapplicationin2017offersnewoptionsforimprovedblackshankcontrol.OrondisGold200needstoreachplantrootsearlytobeeffective,butwhenitdoes,ithasshownexcellentresultsinlonger‐termcontrol.Itslowwatersolubilityalsomakesitlessmobileinthesoil,whichis facilitatedbyapplicationinthetransplantwater.TheadditionofRidomilGoldintheco‐packalsoprovidesimprovedPythiumcontrol.Thefollowingtwoprogramrecommendations,A&B,takeintoconsiderationfieldsiteswithmoderateorhighhistoryofdisease.BecauseRidomilGoldiswatersoluble,itmayleachoutoftherootzoneifaheavyrainfalleventoccursaftertransplanting.Inthiscase,consideranadditionalRidomilapplicationtomaintainbothblackshankandPythiumcontrol.Donotexceedlabelratefortheseason,however.


301

FungicideProgram–PlanATwoApplications–ModerateDiseasePressure1.InTransplantWater

Orondis/RidomilCo‐Pack2.AtLayby

RidomilGold Or

PresidioFungicideProgram–PlanBThreeApplications–HighDiseasePressure1.InTransplantWater

Orondis/RidomilCo‐Pack2.At1stCultivation

Presidio3.AtLayby

Ridomil*AlwaysConsulttheIndividualProductLabelforCompleteUseandApplicationInformationTomatoSpottedWiltControlTSWinfectionsoccurthroughwoundsinepidermalcellscausedbytobaccothrips.Generallyinsecticideshavebeenineffectiveinreducingvirustransmissionbecauseverylittletimeisrequiredtotransmitthevirus.Theinsecticidemaykilltheinsectbutonlyaftertheplanthasalreadyacquiredthevirus.Thripspopulation’speakinAprilandMayandthendeclineinJune.ThisapproximatesthetimingofTSWseeninSouthCarolina.ThefollowingpointsshouldbeconsideredtohelpcontrolTomatoSpottedWilt:

1. Avoidearlyplanting2. ApplyAdmire(Imidacloprid)asatraydrench(refertoproductlabelforapplicationinstructions)3. Usehealthydiseasefreeseedlingstoreducestandlosstootherpathogens4. Followfertilityrecommendations‐avoidexcessivenitrogenapplication5. Irrigateifpossibletoassuresustainedcropgrowth6. ConsideruseofActigardifexpectationofdiseaselossishighorifseverelossestoTSWwereexperiencedin

previousyears(refertoproductlabelforapplicationinstructions)


302

TargetSpotControlTargetspotisendemictoSouthCarolinatobaccofieldsandiscausedbyafungus(Thanatephoruscucumeris).Diseasedevelopmentismoresevereduringwetweather.Thesymptomsappearsimilartobrownspotandareeasytoconfuse.Necrotictissuecanbecomebrittle,fallout,andleaveashotholeappearance.Underhighrelativehumiditylesionscanincreaserapidlyblightinglargeportionsoftheleaf.

FOLIARTREATMENTS*

RATE

REMARKS

QuadrisFlowable 6.0‐12.0oz/A

Applyona7‐14‐dayintervalwithshorterintervalsunderconditionsconducivetodiseasedevelopment.ForgroundapplicationapplyQuadrisinsufficientwatervolumeforadequatecoverageandcanopypenetration.DonottankmixwithThiodanQuadrisshouldbeappliedasacomponentinanIntegratedPestManagementstrategy.Checklabelforapplicationinformationandpotentialcropinjury.REI=4hours

Remarks:REI=reentryinterval.BlueMoldControlBluemoldoccursinFloridaandGeorgiaalmosteveryyearandhasthepotentialtocauseseverelossesinSouthCarolina.RidomilresistantstrainshavebeenobservedinotherstatesandposeapossiblethreattothetobaccocropinSouthCarolina.Bluemoldispotentiallyoneofthemostdestructivediseasesoftobacco.Itiscausedbyafungus(Peronosporatabacina)thatisairborne,anddiseasecanspreadveryquickly,leadingtoepidemicsifnotproperlymanaged.Acrobathasreceivedalabelforbluemoldcontrolbutshouldbeusedincombinationwithanotherfungicide.Presidioreceivedalabelforbluemoldcontrolin2015.FIELDBLUEMOLDCONTROL

SOILTREATMENTS

RATE REMARKS

RidomilGold 0.5‐1pt/A Broadcastandincorporate2‐4inchesatorbeforetransplanting.Anadditional0.5pt/Amaybeusedatlaybyifnomorethan1pt/Awasappliedatplanting.REI=48hr.

FOLIARTREATMENTS*

RATE REMARKS

Forum(formerlyAcrobat)

2‐8floz

Forummustbetankmixedwithaproductregisteredforcontrolofbluemold,suchasmancozeb,forresistancemanagement.NeitherRidomilGoldnorActigardarerecommendedasatank‐mixwithForum.Consultlabelbeforetankmixingwithanyproduct.Donotexceed30oz/season.REI=0days.Tobaccomaybeharvestedthedayofthelastapplication,afterthesprayhasdried.

Actigard50WG

0.5oz/A

Beginapplicationafterplantsreachaheightof12inches.Applyonapreventativeschedulewhenbluemoldthreatens.Anotherregisteredbluemoldproductshouldbeusedpriorto12inchesforearlyseasoncontrolandafterthefinalapplicationifconditionsareconducivefordisease.Makeupto3applicationsona10‐dayschedule.Applyinaminimumof20gals./A.ApplicationofActigardmayresultinleafyellowing.Thiscosmeticyellowingnormallydisappearsafterfinalapplication.REI=12hr.


303

FOLIARTREATMENTS*

RATE REMARKS

QuadrisFlowable

6.0‐12.0oz/A

Quadrisapplicationshouldbeginpriortodiseasedevelopmentoratfirstindicationthatbluemoldisinthearea.DoNotapplyQuadrisasacurativeapplication.Ifbluemoldispresentinthefield,initiateapplicationwithAcrobatMZpriortoQuadrisapplication.Applyona7‐14‐dayintervalwithshorterintervalsunderconditionsconducivetodiseasedevelopment.ForgroundapplicationapplyQuadrisinsufficientwatervolumeforadequatecoverageandcanopypenetration.DonottankmixwithThiodan.Checklabelforpotentialcropinjury.REI=4hours

Presidio

4(0.125)lbai/A

Forresistancemanagement,PresidioFungicidemustbetankmixedwithalabeledrateofanotherfungicideactiveagainstthetargetpathogen,butwithadifferentmodeofaction.Applyasafoliarspraypriortodiseaseonsetoratfirstindicationthatbluemoldisinthearea.Asecondfoliarapplicationmaybemade,withaminimumtreatmentintervalof7 daysbetweenfoliarapplications.Makenomorethan2foliarapplicationsperseason.REI=12hours

OrondisUltraA 2.0–4.8oz/A

Beginapplicationspriortodiseasedevelopment,andcontinueona7‐to10‐dayinterval.Usethehigherrateswhendiseaseispresent,forlongerapplicationintervals,orforsusceptiblevarieties.Forconventionalgroundapplication,applyatleast15gallonsperacre,increasingthesprayvolumeastheplantsmaturetoensurethoroughcoverageofthefoliage.Forair‐assistedgroundapplication,applyatleast10gallonsperacre.Foraerialapplication,applyatleast2gallonsperacre.MaximumSingleApplicationRate:Donotexceed4.8flozperacreperapplication.MaximumAnnualRate:Donotexceed19.2flozperacreperyear.MaximumNumberofApplications:Donotexceedsixfoliarapplicationsperacreperyearforthesamecrop.Donotuseformorethan33%ofthetotalfoliarfungicideapplications.MinimumApplicationInterval:7daysPre‐harvestInterval(PHI):7daysResistanceManagement:Makenomorethat2sequentialapplicationsbeforerotatingtoafungicidewithadifferentmodeofaction.DonotfollowsoilapplicationsofOrondiswithfoliarapplicationsofOrondisUltraA.Useeithersoilapplicationsorfoliarapplicationsbutnotbothfordiseasecontrol.

REI=reentryinterval


304

TOBACCOGREENHOUSEDISEASECONTROLThereareseveralpotentiallyimportantdiseaseproblemsthatmayoccuringreenhousetransplantproductionsystems.Theseincludetargetspot(Rhizoctoniasolani),whitemoldorstemrot(Sclerotiniaspp.),damping‐offcausedbyPythiumspp.orRhizoctoniaspp.,bluemold(Peronosporatabacina),graymold(Botrytiscinerea),softrot(Erwiniaspp.)andtobaccomosaicvirus.Thepotentialalsoexistsfordiseasesmostoftenassociatedwithfield‐growntobaccotooccur,andincludebacterialwilt(Ralstoniasolanacearum)andblackshank(Phytophthoraparasiticavar.nicotianae).It is imperative that producers take extra precautions to prevent pathogens from entering the greenhouse and tominimize environmental conditions within the greenhouse that might encourage disease development. Thus,ventilation,sanitation,monitoring,anduseofgoodproductionpracticesareimportantdiseasemanagementfactors.

DISEASE CHEMICALRATE/50GAL

WATER REMARKS*

TargetSpotBlueMold

QuadrisFlowable24‐CLabel

6oz/Aor0.14oz(4ml)/1000ft2inenoughwaterforthoroughcoverage(recommended5gal/1000ft2)

Makeonlyoneapplicationpriortotransplanting.FollowupapplicationscanbemadeinthefieldaccordingtotheQuadrisfederallabel.Greenhouse24‐CLabelshouldbeinyourpossessionatthetimeofapplication.REI=4hours

Terramaster4EC

1.4oz/100galwater

Donotapplyasadrenchorinirrigationwater.Applythisproductonlytotobaccofloat‐bedwater.Consultthelabelformixingdirections.Cropinjurycanoccurwithimpropermixing.Terramaster4ECusedasapreventativetreatmentbeforesymptomsoccur,mix1.4fl.ozofTerramaster/100galofwaternosoonerthanthreeweeksafterseeding.Asequentialpreventativeapplicationof1.4floz/100galofwatercanbemade3weeksafterthefirstapplication.DonotapplyTerramaster4EClaterthan8weeksafterseeding.REI=12hr.

Terramaster4EC

1.4oz/100galwater

Terramaster4ECusedasacurativetreatmentwhensymptomsfirstappear,mix1.4flozofTerramaster/100galofwaternosoonerthanthreeweeksafterseedingandwhenleavesareatleast1in.indiameter.IfPythiumsymptomsrecurafterthefirstapplication,asecondapplicationof1‐1.4floz/100galofwatercanbemade.Allowatleasta3‐weekintervalbetweenthefirstandsecondapplication.DonotapplyTerramaster4EClaterthan8weeksafterseeding.Nomorethan2.8fl.oz.ofTerramaster4EC/100galofwatermaybeappliedtoeachcropoftransplants.REI=12hr.

Remarks:ThepotentialforphytotoxicityexistswhenDithaneDForManzatePro‐stickfungicideisusedontobaccoseedlings.Tominimizepotentialfordamage,72hourspriortolargescaleapplication,usershouldtestforpotentialphytotoxicitybyapplyingthefungicidetoasmallsampleareagrowingundersimilarconditions.Ingeneral,injuryisgreateringreenhousesystems.RidomilGold,orAcrobatarenotlabeledforuseingreenhouses,orfloatbedplantproductionsystems.REI=reentryinterval.


305

TOBACCONEMATODECONTROLPaulD.Peterson,ResearchPlantPathologist

Damagecausedbynematodesaredifficulttoestimatebecausedamagetorootsmaynotbeapparentinabovegroundsymptoms,yetsignificantreductionsinyieldscanoccurwithmoderatelevelsofnematodes.Nematodesmayincreasetheincidenceofotherdiseasessuchasblackshank,bacterialwiltandFusariumwilt. Thereduceduseoffumigantsduringwetspringsalwaysresultsindramaticincreasesinnematodedamageanddemonstratestheimportanceofsoilfumigation!Gooddiseasecontrolby fumigation ispossiblewheneversoilmoistureandsoil temperatureconditions (55oFat6inchesisbest)arefavorable.Cold,wetsoilswillnotallowfumigantstoworktothebestoftheircapability. In‐rowfumigantnematicidesshouldbeappliedduringthesubsoilingoperation.Placementoffumigantnematicidesbelowtheclaysubsoilshouldbeavoided.Soilmoistureshouldnotbeexcessiveatthepointofinjectionorpoorcontrolwillbeachieved.

TOBACCONEMATICIDES

NEMATICIDE RATE/AROOTKNOTCONTROL

REMARKS*Southern(M.incognita)

Peanut(M.arenaria)

FUMIGANTS:

TeloneII 6gal Excellent ExcellentFR

REI=5days

TeloneII 8gal Excellent ExcellentFB

REI=5daysMULTIPURPOSECHEMICALS:**

TeloneC17 10.5gal Excellent Excellent FRREI=5days

TeloneC17 12gal Excellent ExcellentFB

REI=5days

Chlor‐O‐Pic

3gal

Excellent

VeryGood1VeryGood1

FRREI=48hrandgasconc.lessthan0.1

ppm

NONFUMIGANTS:

Mocap15G 40lb Good ***B&I

REI=48hr

Remarks:*FR‐Fumigantrow;FB–Fumigantbroadcast–placeapplicationchiselson12incenters;B&I‐Broadcastandincorporate.**Multipurposechemicalshaveeffectivenessfornematodes,andbacterialwilt.***Notregisteredforthisnematodespecies.1Althoughsomerootgallingmayoccurattheendofthegrowingseason,yieldresponsesaresimilaramongthemultipurposefumigants.REI=reentryinterval.


306

AQUATICWEEDCONTROLCoryHeaton,StateWildlifeSpecialist

Aquaticweedsinpondsorlakescanbecontrolledbyphysicalremoval,biologicalcontrol,orherbicides.Themethodorcombinationofmethodsusedwilldependonfactorssuchastargetweeds,non‐targetplants,andwhatthewaterisusedfor.Physicalremovalcanbeaccomplishedmanuallyorwithmachinery.Itistimeconsuming,expensiveandnormallyused alone if othermethods are not feasible.However, a certain amount of physical removalmay be necessary incombinationwiththeuseofbiologicalcontrolandherbicides.Priortoinitiatinganycontrolmeasuresitiscrucialtoaccuratelyidentifyspeciestobecontrolled. Herbicidesandbiologicalcontrolagentsarenotequallyeffectiveonallspecies.Numerouswebsitesandmobileappscanaidinspeciesidentification.YoucanalsosubmitaquaticplantspeciestoClemsonUniversity’sPlantProblemClinicthroughyourlocalextensionofficeforidentification.Biologicalcontrolisanoptionforcertainaquaticweeds.Themajoradvantagesareeaseofapplicationandnoconcernoverdamagetoplantsirrigatedwithtreatedwater.Triploidgrasscarpcancontrolmanysubmergedvascularaquaticweeds. Grass carp are usually used to control all vegetation in a pond, rather than selectively controlling certainvegetation.Replacementstockingofgrasscarpisnecessarywhenfisharelost.Apermitisrequiredtostockgrasscarp,andonlytriploidfishcanbelegallyusedinSC.Tilapiaarestockedinthespringandcontrolmostalgaespecies.Theconcernwithtilapiaisthattheyaretropicalanimalsandusuallydieduringcoldwinterstherebyrequiringanannualstocking.TilapiaarelegalforuseinSC.TheSouthCarolinaDepartmentofNaturalResources(SCDNR)nowrequiresafreeofchargepermitpriortostockingtilapiaandtriploidgrasscarpforaquaticweedcontrolinSC.ApermitcanbeobtainedfromSCDNRat803‐734‐3891orfromregistereddealersinSC.Theshortpermitcanbefaxed(803‐734‐4748)forarapidturn‐around.CheckwithyourDepartmentofNaturalResourcestodetermineifgrasscarpandtilapiaarelegaltostockandifapermitisrequiredinyourstate.Diquat, endothall, glyphosate, flumioxazin, fluridone, triclopyr, copper, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, 2,4‐D,carfentrazone, bispyribac, imazapyr, penoxsulam, tompramezone, and imazamox compounds can be used safely inpondsusedasirrigationsourcesifthemanufacturer’slabeldirectionsarefollowed.Certainwaitingperiodsmayberequiredbeforeusingwaterforirrigationaftertheherbicideisapplied,whileinsomecaseswaitingperiodsarenotrequired. Various chemicals have different product formulations; only aquatic labeled pesticides andsurfactants/adjuvantsmaybeusedinaquaticapplications,bylaw.EffectiveOctober2011,aquaticpesticideapplicationsinSCrequireapermitfromSouthCarolinaDepartmentofHealthandEnvironmentalControl(SCDHEC).ThesepermitsareissuedinaccordancewiththefederalCleanWaterActandtheNationalPollutionDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES).AquaticpesticideapplicatorsmayberequiredtosubmitaNoticeofIntent(NOI),practiceIntegratedPestManagement(IPM),anddevelopaPesticideDischargeManagementPlan (PDMP) in addition to the basic permit requirements. The additional requirements are based on establishedapplicationthresholds.Thethresholdforaquaticweedcontrolapplicationsis200acres’treatmentareaor20milesoftreatedshoreline.ApplicatorsbelowtheselevelsareautomaticallycoveredbytheSCgeneralpermit.ApplicatorsabovetheselevelswillberequiredtosubmitaNOI,practiceIPM,andpossiblydevelopPDMP.For more information on the NPDES permit please contact SCDHEC at (803) 898‐4157 or online athttp://www.scdhec.gov/environment/water/npdes_pesticide.htm.


307

ProductsforUse“ToWatersEdge”Aquatic applications inSouthCarolinadonot always requireproductswith full aquatic labels. Inmany instances,shorelineapplicationsaremadethatdonotinvolveproductapplicationdirectlyintowaters.Applicationsnearbutnotintoanaquaticenvironmentcanbemadeusingproductslabeledforuse“towatersedge”.Productstobeutilizedforsuchapplicationsmustbelabeledaccordingly.Whilemanyoftheproductslabeledforthisusehaveterrestriallabels,notallterrestriallabeledproductsarelabeledforusealongthewater’sedge.Itistheapplicatorsresponsibilityselectandonlyuseproductslabeledspecificallyforthispurpose.MilestoneSpecialtyHerbicidefromDowAgroSciencesisanexampleofaproductlabeledforusetowatersedge.TheMilestonelabelstates“It ispermissibletotreatnon‐irrigationditchbanks,seasonallydrywetlandsandtransitionalareasbetweenuplandandlowlandsitesonlywhendry.Milestonecanbeusedtothewatersedge.Donotapplydirectlytowaterandtakeprecautions tominimizeoverspraytoopenwaterwhentargetingvegetation inandaroundnon‐flowing,quiescentortransientwater….”.Labelwordingisnotidenticalforeveryproduct.Alwaysreadthemostcurrentproductlabelandonlyuseproductsinaccordancewiththelabel.AmountofFormulationforApplication

Herbicide Rate*

Aquathol 0.3to2.6gal/acrefootof4.2Lor13to108lbof10G/acrefootor2.2to22.0lbof63G/acrefoot.

Hydrothol 0.3to3.4gal/acrefootof2Lor11to136lbof11G/acrefoot.

Diquat 1to2gal/surfaceacreof2L.

2,4‐D 1to2gal/surfaceacreof3.8Lor150to200lbof20G/surfaceacre.

CopperCompounds0.6to3.4galofChelatedCopper/acrefootor0.1to0.5ppmelementalcopper.

Fluridone 0.25to0.5gal/surfaceacre.Checkwithcompanyrepforexactrates.

Glyphosate0.75to1.5%solution,dependingontheweedspecies,usinghandheldapplicationequipment

Triclopyr 2to8quartspersurfaceacreof3L.

Tompramezone4.0‐16.0fl.oz.peracreforsurfaceapplications.30‐50ppbforwatertreatment

SodiumCarbonatePeroxyhydrate 3to170poundsperacre‐footof50G.Imazapyr 2to6pintsperacre.

Carfentrazone3.4to13.5fl.oz.persurfaceacreforfloatingvegetation‐0.286gal/acrefootforsubmergedvegetation.

Penoxsulam 10to150ppb;Nottoexceed150ppbpergrowingseason.Followlabelforspecificrates.

Imazamox32to64fl.oz.persurfaceacrebroadcastfoliarapplication.50to500ppbinwatertreatment

Flumioxazin 6‐12oz.persurfaceacreforsurfaceapplications.100‐400ppbinwatertreatmentorsubsurfaceapplications

Bispyribac 1‐2oz.peracreforsurfaceapplications.20‐45ppbforwatertreatmentorsubsurfaceapplications

*Acrefoot=1surfaceacreofwater(43,560ft2)1footdeep.


308

EffectivenessofHerbicidesforAquaticWeedControl

E=excellentcontrol(90to100%);G=goodcontrol(80to89%);F=faircontrol(70to79%);P=poorcontrol(<70%).Ablankspace(‐)indicatesweedresponseisnotknown.1Esterformulationsonly.2Coppercomplexonly

Weed Coppercom

plexes(Coppersulfate)

2,4‐D

Diquat(Rew

ard)

EndotholAquatholK&G

EndotholHydrotholG&191

Fluridone

Glyphosate

Sodium

CarbonatePeroxyhydrate

Trichlopyr

Imazapyr

Carfentrazone

Penoxsulam

Imazam

ox

Flum

ioxazin

Bispyribac

Tom

pram

ezone

Algae Filamentous E P P ‐ G P P E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ E ‐ ‐

Planktonic E P G ‐ G P P E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ P ‐ ‐

Branched(Chara) E P G ‐ G P P P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ F P ‐

Nitella E P G ‐ G P P P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ F P ‐Floatingplants ‐

Bladderwort P P E ‐ ‐ E ‐ P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ G ‐ ‐ F

Duckweeds P G1 G P P E P P ‐ E E E ‐ E ‐ ‐

Waterhyacinth P E E ‐ ‐ P G P E E E E E P E G

Watermeal P P P ‐ ‐ G P P ‐ ‐ G G ‐ E F ‐

Submersedplants

Broadleafwatermilfoil P ‐ E E E E P P E ‐ G E ‐ G G F

Coontail P G E E E E P P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ G P ‐

Egeria P P G F F E P P ‐ ‐ ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Elodea P ‐ E F F E P P ‐ ‐ ‐ E ‐ E ‐ ‐

Eurasianmillfoil P E E E E E P P E ‐ E E F G G ‐

Fanwort P F G E E E P P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ G ‐ ‐

Hydrilla F² P G G G E P P ‐ ‐ ‐ E F G E G

Naiads P F E E E E P P ‐ ‐ ‐ G ‐ E ‐ F

Parrotfeather P E E E E ‐ F P F E E G G G ‐ ‐

Pondweeds(Potamogeton) P P G E E E P P ‐ ‐ ‐ E G G G G


309

EffectivenessofHerbicidesforAquaticWeedControl–Continued

E=excellentcontrol(90to100%);G=goodcontrol(80to89%);F=faircontrol(70to79%);P=poorcontrol(<70%).Ablankspace(‐)indicatesweedresponseisnotknown.1Esterformulationsonly.2Coppercomplexonly

Weed Coppercom

plexes(Coppersulfate)

2,4‐D

Diquat(Rew

ard)

EndotholAquatholK&G

EndotholHydrotholG&191

Fluridone

Glyphosate

Sodium

,CarbonatePeroxyhydrate

Trichlopyr

Imazapyr

Carfentrazone

Penoxsulam

Imazam

ox

Flum

ioxazin

Bispyribac

Tom

pram

ezone

Emergentplants Alders P E F P P P E P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐Alligatorweed P F P P P G E P E E G G G G E ‐Americanlotus P E P P P F G P E E ‐ ‐ F ‐ ‐ FArrowhead P E G G G ‐ E P ‐ E ‐ G ‐ G E GButtonbush P E F P P P G P ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ G ‐ ‐Cattails P G G P P F E P ‐ E ‐ ‐ E P ‐ ‐Commonreed P P P P P P G P ‐ E ‐ ‐ F‐G P ‐ ‐Fragrant&whitewaterlily P E P P P E E P E E ‐ G F F ‐

Frogbit P E E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ P E E ‐ ‐ E G E ‐Grasses,most P P P P P P G P ‐ E ‐ ‐ F ‐ ‐ ‐Maidencane P P F ‐ ‐ F E P ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐Pickerelweed P G G ‐ ‐ P F P E E ‐ G E ‐ F ‐Pond‐edgeannuals P ‐ G ‐ ‐ E E P ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐Rush P P F P P F E P ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐Sedgesandrushes P F F P P P G P ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ P F ‐Slenderspikerush P ‐ G ‐ ‐ G P P ‐ ‐ ‐ G F ‐ ‐ ‐Smartweed P E F ‐ ‐ F E P E E ‐ G G P G FSpatterdock P E P P P E G‐E P E E ‐ ‐ G ‐ ‐ ‐Southernwatergrass P P ‐ ‐ ‐ G E P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐Torpedograss P P P ‐ ‐ F G P ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ FWatershield P E P ‐ ‐ G G P ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ G G ‐ ‐Waterpennywort P G G P P P G P E E ‐ E E G G ‐Waterprimrose P E F ‐ ‐ F E P E E G ‐ F G ‐ ‐Willows P E F P P P E P ‐ E ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ P ‐

South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops – 2016

310

WaitingPeriod(Days)BeforeUsingWaterAfterApplicationofHerbicidesforAquaticWeedControl

CommonName

TradeName Irrigation Fish

ConsumptionWateringLivestock Swimming

Copper Crystallinecoppersulfateandvariousliquidorganiccoppercomplexes

NR1 NR NR NR

2,4‐DVariousformulationsandmanufacturers2

Wateruserestrictionsvarybyformulationandmanufacturer.Certainlabels allow irrigation if an approved chemical assay has reachedacceptable levels. A few labels allow irrigationwith specificwaitingperiods. Certain labels may allow irrigation on established turf,immediately.CHECKINDIVIDUALLABEL.

Diquat Reward 1to33 NR 1 NRWeedtrineD 5 NR 5 NR

Endothall AquatholK 7to25 NR 7to25 NRAquatholgranular

7to25 NR 7to25 NR

AquatholSuperK

7to25 NR 7to25 NR

Hydrothol191 7to25 NR 7to25 NRHydrothol191granular

7to25 NR 7to25 NR

FluridoneAvast,SonarAS,SonarSRP,SonarPR,SonarQ

7‐30+ NR NR NR

GlyphosateRodeo,AquaNeat,AquaMaster,AquaPro

NR NR NR NR

SodiumCarbonatePeroxyhydrate

GreenClean,Pak27,Phycomycin

NR NR NR NR

Triclopyr Renovate 1204 NR5 NRImazapyr Habitat 120 NR NR NRCarfentrazone Stingray 0‐146 NR 0to1 NR

Penoxsulam Galleon

<30ppbTurf<1ppbOthers

NR NR NR

Imazamox Clearcast Seenote7 NR NR NRFlumioxazin Clipper 5days NR NR NRBispyribac Tradewind <1ppb NR <1ppb NRTompramezone Oasis <1ppb 0 0 0

1NR=Norestrictions.2Mostformulationsdonotpermitapplicationtopondsusedforirrigationorforwateringdairycattle.3Threedaysforirrigationofturfandnonfoodcrops;fivedaysforirrigationoffoodcrops(includingtobacco)orforpreparationofagriculturalsprays.4Norestrictionforestablishedgrassesandassaytoreducerestrictiontime.514‐dayrestrictionongrazingsiteandgrowing.Seasongrazingrestrictiononlactatinglivestockafterirrigatingpasture.61dayif<20%ofsurfaceacreageistreated.14daysif>than20%istreated.Certifiedlabtestof<5ppb.7DONOTusetreatedwaterforgreenhouses,nurseriesorhydroponics–bioassayforcanola,onions,potatoesorsugarbeets;othercrops1day

7South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops – 2017

311

CommonAquaticPlantsConsumedbyGrassCarp1

Plantsinorderofcommonnamepreferencehydrilla1 hygrophila9 maidencane2(Panicum)16chara(muskgrass)2 cattail²10 parrotfeather16pondweeds(Potamogetan)3 torpedograss10 knowgrass(Paspalum)17bushypondweed(Southernnaiad)4 salvinia10 waterhyacinth17elodea5 water‐aloe(Stratiotes)11 giantbulrush²18watermeal6 watercress12 waterlettuce18duckweeds7 torpedograss13 soft‐stembulrush219water‐fern(Azolla)7 Eurasianwatermilfoil14 coontail8 eelgrass(Vallisneria)15

1Adaptedfrom“GrassCarp‐AFishforBiologicalManagementofHydrillaandOtherAquaticWeedsinFlorida”byDavidL.SuttonandVernonV.Vandiver, Jr.,UniversityofFlorida IFAS,Bulletin867;and from“ManagingAquaticVegetationWithGrass Carp ‐ A Guide For Water Resource Managers” edited by John R. Cassani, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda,Maryland.2Young,succulent,underwatershootsarepreferred.Someplantshavethesamenumber,whichmeansgrasscarplikethemequallyAquaticPlantManagementInternetReferencesAQUAPLANT–APondManagerDiagnosticTool–TexasAgriLifeExtensionService,TexasA&MUniversityhttp://aquaplant.tamu.edu/AquaticPlantControlResearchProgram–U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineershttp://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/aqua/AquaticPlantInformationSystemhttp://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/aqua/apis/apishelp.htmCenterforAquaticandInvasivePlants–UniversityofFlorida,IFAShttp://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/SouthCarolinaDepartmentofHealthandEnvironmentalControl–NPDESPermittinghttp://www.scdhec.gov/environment/water/npdes_pesticide.htmSouthCarolinaDepartmentofNaturalResources–CommercialAquaticPesticideApplicatorswww.dnr.sc.gov/wildlife/publications/pdf/LakeMgtConsultants.pdfAquaticPlantManagementMobileAppsAQUAPLANT–APondManagerDiagnosticTool–TexasAgriLifeExtensionService,TexasA&MUniversityhttp://aquaplant.tamu.edu/useful‐apps/AQUACIDE–AquaticHerbicideSelection,Effectiveness,andRestrictionGuide–TexasAgriLifeExtensionService,TexasA&MUniversityhttp://aquaplant.tamu.edu/useful‐apps/PONDCALC–PondSizeandVolumeCalculator–TexasAgriLifeExtensionService,TexasA&MUniversityhttp://aquaplant.tamu.edu/useful‐apps/AquaticPlants–AquaticPlantIdentificationTool–NCStateUniversityhttp://www.weedscience.ncsu.edu/aquaticweeds

PesticideRecordkeepingForm(seenewformfordicambaproductsusedinXtendCrops)NameandCertificationNumber

ApplicationDate*

BrandorProductName

EPARegistrationNumber

SizeofAreaTreated

RatePerUnit**

TotalAmountApplied

Location Crop

Notes:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENTOFPESTICIDEREGULATIONWebsite:http://www.clemson.edu/public/regulatory/pesticide_regulation/

TheDepartmentofPesticideRegulation(DPR)istheSouthCarolinaregulatoryandinvestigativeagencyforpesticides.TheDPRenforcestheSouthCarolinaPesticideControlAct(SCPCA),theSouthCarolinaChemigationAct(SCCA),thestategroundwaterplan,aswellastheFederalPesticideRecordkeepingRequirementandtheEPA’sWorkerProtectionStandard(WPS)andtheFish&WildlifeService’s Endangered Species Program. The DPR also registers pesticides for South Carolina, licenses pesticide applicators andpesticidedealers,andperformsqualityassuranceanalysisofpesticideformulations

Dr.MikeWeyman,Dept.Head864‐646‐2150511WestinghouseRoadPendleton,SC29670

Dr.TimDrake,StateManager864.646.2153Pendleton,[email protected]

DepartmentofPesticideRegulationRegulatorySpecialistsandFieldOfficeLocations:DianaCanaday,RegulatorySpecialistAynor,SC29511(843)957‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialist2865ASavannahHighwayCharleston,SC29414(843)225‐[email protected],DistrictSupervisor2200PocketRoadFlorence,SC29506‐9706(843)667‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialist120NorthCongressStreetYork,SC29745(803)628‐[email protected],FieldSupervisorColumbia,SC29229(803)736‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialist904F.R.HuffDriveSt.Matthews,SC29135(803)747‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialist2865ASavannahHighwayCharleston,SC29414(843)225‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialistNewberry,SC(803)403‐[email protected]

KristinLenox‐Rustin,RegulatorySpecialistBeaufort,SC29906(843)225‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialistP.O.Box290069Columbia,SC29229(803)736‐[email protected],ComplianceOfficer179OldCherryRoadClemson,SC29634(864)260‐[email protected],PesticideProgramChief511WestinghouseRoadPendleton,SC29670(864)293‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialist2865ASavannahHwyCharleston,SC29414(843)225‐[email protected],ComplianceInspectorNorthMyrtleBeach,SC(843)360‐[email protected],RegulatorySpecialist313SouthTowersStreetAnderson,SC29624(843)494‐[email protected]

The Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer.

Clemson University Cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture, South Carolina Counties, Extension Service, Clemson, South Carolina. Issued in

Furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914

Public Service Activities

apt-18 2018 south carolina pest management handbook · · 2018-02-15south carolina pest...

Documents