AP US HistorySeptember 28– October 3 2020

Hopefully you successfully analyze the 7 sources for out DBQ essay this coming weekend The partner or individual DBQ essay will be due in Teams October 6 Tuesday 8:00. This will be the

writing sample for your Unit 2 Test covering 1754 – 1783. The MCQ section will be on the quia.com website on Tuesday Night and will be due by 8:00AM on Thursday October 8th

MONDAY Examine events leading to the Revolutionary War 1766– 1770 (POL-1)(NAT-1)

Materials Strategy/FormatPPT and Review Materials Lecture-discussion

Student SkillsContextCCOT

Introduction Following the controversy of the of the Stamp Act and the Declaratory Act tensions abated briefly in

colonial America….briefly. Still in need of revenue the next attempt at taxing the colonists was known as the Townshend Duties (after the Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend). The new strategy was to impose a tax on goods that were imported by colonists in the form of a sales tax. These duties on British china, glass, lead, paint, paper and tea (not the one that led to the Tea Party). This seemed like a good idea until Ben Franklin, then on business in London, informed friends that the colonists were planning on manufacturing these items thus bypassing the need for importing said items.

Oh, those sneaky Brits, While the original intent of the import duties had been to raise revenue, Charles Townshend saw the policies as a way to remodel colonial governments. The Townshend Acts would use the revenue raised by the duties to pay the salaries of colonial governors and judges, ensuring the loyalty of America’s governmental officials to the British Crown. However, these policies prompted colonists to take action by boycotting British goods. He was in for a shock.

Largely because of a propaganda campaign led by John Dickinson (Letters of a PA Farmer) and Samuel Adams (Circular Letters) colonial protest once again fell back upon a general boycott coupled with efforts a self-sufficiency. And, with the aid of the not-so-subtle Sons of Liberty, colonial support for the boycott was very strong.

In an effort to send their own message, the British sent troops to occupy Boston and quell the unrest. This ended up being a turning point. Effectively the British declared martial law in Boston which exacerbated tensions to a fevered pitch. Was it even legal? By 1769, more than 2,000 British troops had arrived in Boston to restore order—a large number considering only about 16,000 people lived in Boston at the time.

Tensions between the colonists and British troops finally boiled over on March 5, 1770, when British soldiers shot into an angry mob, killing five American colonists in an event known as the Boston Massacre. This was immortalized in the famous woodcut by Paul Revere. Most importantly this image was reproduced across the colonies. This in itself was like a wake-up call. While this was in Boston, many people understood that the gov’t to which they had been loyal had committed an act of “police brutality” and this created perhaps the first sense of American nationalism, an us versus them mentality.

Ironically, the colonists or British soldiers know that across the ocean on the same day as the Boston Massacre, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Lord North, had asked Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. Here’s a further nugget: it was deemed that the British soldiers who had fired into the crowd that day were given a civil trial in Boston, and as we so often today in “police brutality cases” the attorney for the soldiers got them acquitted….that attorney was John Adams.

Following the Boston Massacre there was a brief hiatus in tensions, but the problems were still there.

HomeworkAnswer the following questions (Due Wednesday) Thinking Like a Historian pp 164 – 165 questions 1 – 4American Voices pp: 172 – 173 Questions 1-3

TUESDAY Discuss the events leading to the Boston Tea Party and the British reaction (POL-1)(NAT-1)

Materials FormatPPT/Documents Lecture-discussion

Student Skills

Chronological Reasoning (1, 3)Comparison and Context (5)Historical Interpretation (7, 8)

Set The years 1770 – 1774 probably represented the last attempt to avoid general bloodshed and revolution by

the Parliament. The 1770 Boston Massacre was really a public relations nightmare for the British and a victory for American Whigs (the nickname that Patriots adopted taken from the name of the liberal party faction in Britain). The “massacre” truly created a sense of colonial unity for the first time in the sense that what occurred in Boston now meant something elsewhere.

The basic arguments had been the right to tax and the right to consent to those taxes. Now it meant more. Now it meant that Americans could be fired upon and no real repercussions would be felt. In 1774 another tax measure took center stage

As we saw last week the Townshend Duties, despite intent of the innocuous taxation, they created a furor. The colonial reaction was once again boycotts and protests and, once again the British backed down. They removed all Townshend Duties…. Except one

ProcedureThe Tea Act 1773

1. Unlike the other measures designed to raise money, this one had a different intent

2. The British East India Company was in dire straits. If this company were to collapse it would ripple across the economy at a time of already high inflation.

3. The Intent: Dump cheap tea on the American market to save the company4. The famous colonial reaction……or overreaction was the Boston Tea Party

The Coercive Acts 1774 a.k.a “the intolerable acts” represented a stern British Reaction to the Sons of Liberty’s protest. Parliamentarians howled for revenge and even some American supporters there were hard pressed to see the logic. The acts below were designed to finally show rebellious Bostonians who was boss.

1. Port Bill: closed the harbor to all traffic until the cost of the tea was replaced. (It was symbolically paid for when the US and Britain allied in WWII).

2. Second Quartering Act: Allowed British troops to commandeer unused property for the billeting of troops 3. Administration of Justice Act: Called the “murder act” by colonists placed Boston under martial law and

allowed for any hearing for a British soldier who killed a colonist to be held outside of the colonies4. Mass. Gov’t Act: suspended right of self-government5. **Quebec Act: This was NOT one of the Coercive Acts but colonists lumped it into the Intolerable Acts. It

was something of bad timing with good intent by Parliament. It granted a higher level of self-government and the right to worship openly as Catholics in French Canada.

The First Continental Congress Meets1. Organize Protests (all except Georgia)2. The Suffolk Resolves: The two most important resolutions are below

1. boycott British imports, curtail exports, and refuse to use British products;2. pay "no obedience" to the Massachusetts Government Act or the Boston Port Bill;3. demand resignations from those appointed to positions under the Massachusetts Government Act;4. refuse payment of taxes until the Massachusetts Government Act was repealed;5. support a colonial government in Massachusetts free of royal authority until the Intolerable Acts were

repealed;6. urge the colonies to raise militia of their own people.

ConclusionFor both sides the Tea Party had lasting results. The British decided to become more aggressive and in response the colonists, far from backing down probably realized that relaxation of tensions was now impossible. Tomorrow we will see how this turned into violence.

HomeworkAnswer the following questions (Due Tomorrow) Thinking Like a Historian pp 164 – 165 questions 1 – 4American Voices pp: 172 – 173 Questions 1-3

WEDNESDAY Partner Review Activity Project

Materials Strategy/FormatClass study guides Review with Partners

Student SkillsContextCausationAnalysisEvaluation

InstructionsToday you will be working with partners/groups or individually to complete MCQ review of history periods 1,2, and part of 3. This will be on the myapclassroom.collegeboard.org website This will count for the “project” grade

mandated by SCS. You are free to work alone if you choose but sharing answers and debate is part of the strategy. Even though you can work together on this project, everyone will need their own answer sheet. This is due today.

HomeworkNone or work on your DBQ essay

THURSDAY Examine the outbreak of bloodshed in April 1775 (POL-1) (CUL-1) Compare and Contrast forces in the American Revolution (NAT-1,2) (POL-1)

Materials FormatPPT/ lecture-discussion

Student SkillsChronological Reasoning Comparison and Context Historical Interpretation

Overview The outbreak of war took everyone by surprise. The more moderates in 2nd Continental Congress (which

had just convened in May) wanted to draft and send what came to be called the “Olive Branch Petition” adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. The petition was rejected, and in August 1775 the colonies were formally declared in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion drafted by Parliament. Most of the radicals like John Adams called these guys “trimmers” sort of a 18th century version of “punks.” Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence spoke for the majority when it was issued July2, 1776 (no one seems quite sure why we celebrate on July 4th)

The first fighting on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord would be more characterized as a riot than a battle. The Minutemen (Massachusetts Militia) had been warned of the approach by British troops and no one is sure who fired first. On the retreat to Boston the British lost half of their fighting strength. The remainder were actually trapped in Boston until relieved and evacuated by The Royal Navy. It became evident that they could no longer hold this position following the June 17, 1775 battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

Was this a David versus Goliath story where a miracle occurred and God choose the more righteous side for victory? Is there a debate over who was the Goliath? Today we will briefly compare the two sides both for advantage and disadvantages. In the final analysis which factors will have the most weight in the conflict?

ProcedureI The British (Non-military)

1. Even though the British economy was in trouble it was still vast. Not only could the British rely upon their own factories, money, transportation, they also had a vast empire.

2. The British population in England (military age and workers) was much larger than that of the colonies.3. The British could still count on some native relationships (The Iroquois confederacy was split but still had

some power and Cherokees of the south were also strong). The tribes would have preferred a British victory because they were still far away while the Americans were local.

4. The British political structure (Parliament and King, defined military structure) represented an established chain of command.

5. The British did not really have European allies. Most would love to have seen them defeated. Because the Hanover kings were of German descent they could still rely upon some mercenary soldiers from their home region. Hessians were hated more than the British among the colonists.

6. Loyalists (Tories) formed nearly 1/3 of the total population.

Military Factors1. The soldier in the field (age, training, esprit des corps) was generally professional. But of course, they were

trained in European style combat.2. The Generals (Officers and Generals, training, esprit des corps) were nobles who were trained in the old

feudal tradition where they were the leaders. As we will see, this did not make them effective leaders.3. The Royal Navy and merchant marine were unchallenged by any nation especially one that really had no

naval power at all.4. In the realm of strategy and tactics the British should have had the advantage. But being a noble does not

qualify one automatically to be a great leader.

II The Americans (Non-military)1. The economy (factories, money, transport) of the colonies was almost completely dependent upon

trade with Britain. There were almost no factories and the Americans had always used British pound notes. The Americans did have internal transportation but the roads were horrible. There were several navigable bodies of water but were unusable in the winter.

2. The American population (military age and workers) were small compared to the British. And about only 1/3 were true revolutionaries (called Whigs).

3. Native Relationships (Tuscaroras and Oneidas) did support the Americans but that was a small group.4. The political structure (states and 2nd Con. Congress) was forming on the fly. As we will see later the

system that was forming was very unusual.5. European allies, particularly the French, were itching to see the British taken down a notch.

Military Factors1. The American soldiers in the field (age, training, esprit des corps) was devoid of most of the materials

necessary for victory. Yet they also had the one advantage that the British did not, they were literally fighting for survival. Defeat would mean execution for the officers and men.

2. The Generals (Training and esprit des corps) were mostly untrained and those who were had been veterans of the British military. This was advantageous because they understood their plans. But one factor should be noted; we had George Washington.

3. The American Navy? While the US had only a few ships, they were well led and fought some decisive battles (John Paul Jones was the most famous American admiral)

4. There were some intangibles as well. The Americans had the cause of liberty while the British fought to imprison the colonists Wars of independence are always difficult to win if you are on the other side (like our experience in Vietnam)! The home field advantage was also important. The Americans knew the lay of the land.

ConclusionThough the British seemed to hold all advantages this would not matter in the long run. Next week we’ll see that several of the factors on the American side will outweigh British advantages.

Homework Look over your notes from the French and Indian War – Start of the Revolution for class doc analysis activity tomorrow. This is NOT a quiz but you will be able to move faster and with less problems if you also bring your notes (this can also include webnotes).

FRIDAY (notes suggested) Analyze primary sources on the Declaration of Independence and other key sources (POL-1) (CUL-1)

Materials Strategy/FormatText and quiz form Assessment/research and reading comp.

Student SkillsChronological Reasoning Comparison and Context

Historical Arguments Historical Interpretation

InstructionsToday you will be completing a class assignment analyzing important primary sources related to the rise of Anglo-American tensions. This is not a partner/group assignment and also it’s not a quiz. There is a possibility that you will not finish so, you will need to take home.

Weekend HomeworkHopefully you got a good head start on the DBQ. This must be typed and uploaded in a Word Document so that I can edit it. It is the writing sample for the next unit test. This will be on TUESDAY MCQ section and be due no later than Thursday October 8th at 8:00AM