aqm session 1

8/3/2019 AQM Session 1

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Apparel Quality Management

Faculty: Garima Srivastava


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Garima Srivastava Asst.Prof. NIFT Mumbai

What is Quality?


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Quality has to be designed and built into the

products, not just inspected into products.

According to Websters II New Revised University

Dictionary, Quality is essential character: nature,an ingredient or distinguishing attribute: property, a

character trait, superiority of kind, degree of grade

or excellence.


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Quality means different things to

different people: The best money can buy

Meeting a specification or conformance to

specifications Craftsmanship

The degree of excellence that an item

possesses

No more than 1% defective lot

Anything Japanese or German


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What Quality means to people depends on their

perception of the value of a product or serviceunder consideration and their expectation of

performance, durability, reliability, etc., of that

product or service.

In its broadest sense, Quality can also mean the

absence of variation

Quality can also mean meeting or exceeding

customer expectations all the time!


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Further definitions of Quality

David A. Garvin, author of Managing

Quality: The Strategic & Competitive Edge,

proposed that a definition of Quality can be

Product based

User based

Manufacturing based

Value based


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A Product based definition of Quality views

quality as a precise and measurable variable A User based definition of Quality simply

means that quality is whatever the customer

says or wants

A Manufacturing based definition of Qualitymeans meeting specifications, conformance to

requirements, etc. Any deviation from meeting

requirements means poor quality.

A Value based definition of Quality takes intoconsideration cost or price of a product or

service.


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Garvin also proposes the following eight

dimensions of Quality:

Performance: based on the primary operatingcharacteristics of a product.

Features: secondary characteristics that

supplement a products basic functioning Reliability: the probability of a products

malfunctioning or failing within a specifiedperiod of time.

Conformance: refers to the degree or extentto which a products design and operatingcharacteristics meet pre-established standards.


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Eight dimensions of Quality: (contd)

Durability: means length of time a product willlast or product life.

Serviceability: refers to the speed, courtesy,competence, and ease of repair of a product.

Aesthetics: refers to how a product looks,feels, sounds, tastes or smells.

Perceived Quality: refers to what thecustomer perceive to be the quality of a

product based on image, advertising, andbrand name reputation.


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Fitness for use

Dr. Joseph M. Juran came up with the

concept of quality of a product, in terms of its

fitness for use.

Companies should judge fitness for use of a

product from a customers viewpoint and not

from a manufacturers or sellers viewpoint.


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For a garment to be fit for use:

It must be free from defects such as stains, material(fabric) defects, opens seams, loose hanging(untrimmed) threads, misaligned buttons andbuttonholes, defective zippers, etc.

It must fit properly for the labeled size.

It must perform satisfactorily in normal use,meaning that a garment must be able to withstandnormal laundering/ dry-cleaning/ pressing cycleswithout colour loss or shrinkage, seams must notcome apart, fabric must not tear, etc.


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Quality can also mean meeting or exceeding

customer expectations.

Quality is also a reflection of customers opinion

of the value they see in your product comparedto that of your competitor's. In other words,

quality is whatever the customer says it is or the

customer is the final judge of quality.


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ISO (International Standards

Organization) definition of Quality

Quality is defined as the totality of features

and characteristics of a product or service

that bear on its ability to satisfy stated orimplied needs.


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Quality related terminology as taken from anAmerican National Standard ANSI/ASQC A3 Quality

Systems Terminology published by the AmericanSociety for Quality:

Quality Management- That aspect of the overall management

foundation that determines and implements the quality policy.

Quality System: The organizational structure, responsibilities,

procedures, processes, and resources for implementing quality

management.

Quality Plan:A document setting out the specific quality practices,

resources, and activities relevant to a particular product. Service,

contract, or project.


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Quality Policy: The overall intention and directions of an

organization as regards quality as formally expressed by top

management.

Quality Assurance:All those planned or systematic actions

necessary to provide adequate confidence that product or service

will satisfy given requirements for quality.

Quality control: The operational techniques and the activities used

to fulfill requirements of quality.

Statistical Quality control: The application of statistical techniques

to the control of quality.

Inspection:Activities, such as measuring, examining, testing

gauging, one or more characteristics of product or service, and

comparing these with specified requirements to determine

conformity.

Testing:A mean of determining the capability of an item to meet

specified requirements by subjecting the item to a set of physical,

chemical, environmental, or operating actions and conditions.


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Factors influencing consumers

perception of quality: Price: Consumers tend to associate quality withhigher

price. There is some evidence that price is used byshoppers in quality estimates and that for some productconsumers estimates of quality are affected by price

Technology: This indicates factors such as fabric andseam strength, colorfastness, shrinkage, and otherproperties that are affected by the state of technology inthe industry.

Psychology:A garment can be reasonably priced andthe best that technology can offer, but if it is notattractive in appearance, if it is not fashionable, if it doesnot meet the aesthetic requirements of the customers,than it is not quality garment.


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Time orientation: This includes durability. Theimportance of durability varies with categories ofgarments. E.g., childrens garments are expected to bemore durable than ladies high fashion garments.

Contractual: This refers to a product guarantee, therefund policy of a store, etc.

Ethical: This refers to honesty of advertising, courtesyof sales personnel, etc.


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Benefits of Quality

Greater Market share

Higher growth rates

Higher earnings

Premium price

Loyal customers

Highly motivated employees

aqm session 1

Documents