archaeology of early domesticated animals in … · knersvlakte (inland w. cape): c. 1700 bp large...
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ARCHAEOLOGY OF EARLY DOMESTICATED ANIMALS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Andrew B. SmithArchaeologyUniversity of Cape Town
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SHEEPEARLIEST DATED SHEEP REMAINS (AMS DATES):
LEOPARD CAVE (NAMIBIA): c. 2200 BP, this is consistent with other excavated material from northern Kalahari, e.g. Toteng c. 2000 BP
SPOEGRIVIER (NAMAQUALAND): 2100 BP
BLOMBOS (SOUTH COAST): 1960‐1880 BP
KASTEELBERG (WEST COAST): 1630‐1430 BP
Other Cape dates on charcoal:
DIE KELDERS (SOUTH COAST): 2020‐1465 BP
KASTEELBERG: 1860‐1790 BP.
Some rock paintings of fat‐tailed sheep in Western Cape.
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GOATSVery few goat remains found: Namaqualand c. 800 BP‐‐most come from Later Iron Age occupations, i.e. after 1000 BP.
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CATTLECattle bones found at Toteng, Kalahari c. 2000 BP
Cattle are rare in Western Cape:BYNESKRANSKOP (South Coast): 2100 BPKNERSVLAKTE (inland W. Cape): c. 1700 BPLarge bovids at KASTEELBERG A: 1860 BP,and KBB c. 1300 BP (increase after 1000 BP)
No cattle paintings in Western Cape
Most cattle bones in southern Africa associated with Later Iron Age sites, i.e. after 1000 BP.
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CATTLE DRAWN OVER ELAND
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DOGS
In spite of a very detailed study of canids in archaeological contexts by Mitchell (2014), the evidence for domestic dogs (as opposed to jackals) is difficult to prove. Mitchell’s conclusion is that dogs probably came to Southern Africa with herders in the 1st
milleniumAD, but more attention needs to be made of faunal collections from known herder sites.