architectures and foundations for c4isr - finse

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”FINCOSE” 001025

Architectures andFoundations for the

Swedish Armed Forces’C4ISR Systems 2010

Johan H Bendz

Swedish Defense Materiel Administration

Joint Materiel Command

Systems Architecture Group

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Table of Contents

• Background

• A New Defence

• A Need for Architecture

• Useful Findings

• The Architecture Project

• Challenges

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We live in interesting times...

From now on, the only thingthat’s constant is change!

So, our #1 capability mustbe change management!

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A New Set of Objectives

SwAF politically assigned objectives are

• International Peace-keeping Operations (UN, EU, NATO/PfP)

• Supporting Society

• Territorial Integrity

• Armed Aggression

SwAF Capabilities - 102 defined so far

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An Epoch Shift

• A shift from one to four objectives

• A shift from predictable business togreat uncertainty

• A shift of focus from quantity to quality

• A shift of from Invasion Preparedness toPreparedness for Change

• A Swedish adaptation of RMA - the”Revolution in Military Affairs” concept

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Revolution in Military Affairs RMA identifies 5 + 3 key capabilities

• BA - Battlespace Awareness

• DS - Decision Support

• C2 - Command & Control

• PR - Precision Response

• IA - Information Assurance

• FL - Focused Logistics

• DM - Dominant Manouver

• FDP - Full-DimensionalProtection

DS BA

PR (DM)

C2 (FL) IA(FDP)

RMA

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”Just-in-time” becomes critical

We must field rapidlyassembled task forces

This requires a componentbased approach!

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Rapid deployment

Component factoriesLead times: weeks - months - yearComponent life-cycles: months - years

Force factoriesLead times: days - weeksForce life-cycles: days - weeks - months - years

::::::4444444444

SOP

FOM

Warfighters

Sim

::::4444

FOM

Warfighters

Sim

SOP

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Tailored Task Forces

• Rapidly composed from std components - inherently Joint• Components from different services (cultures), organizations and countries• Always deployed in ”partially validated” state• Tuned to adequate performance ”in the field”• Requires the warfighters to develop a new mindset (attitudes, culture)

::::4444

FOM

Warfighters

Sim

SOP

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As everything goes ”joint”...

Multiple aspects are fusedto achieve superiority...

Increasing the apparentcomplexity of operations!

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Complexity drivers• Policy

• Ever changing objectives and priorities

•Time• Rapid response - rapid deployment

• Technology• Opportunities of rapid commercial developments

• Politics• Multi-lateral interoperation

• Economics• Standards, COTS, reuse

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Coping with complexity

Requires an Architecture approach

• Structured products• Functional domains

• Structured processes• Modelling and Simulation

• Structured information assets• Smart Product Models

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Architecture definitionsn The study of, or concrete examples of, the

interplay of technical and aesthetic factors.(Sw Nat’l Encyclopedia Dictionary 1995)

n Art and science of building; design or styleof buildings. (Oxford ALDoCE 1974)

n The structure of components, theirrelationships, and the principles andguidelines governing their design andevolution over time. (IEEE STD 610.12)

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Useful findingsArchitecture

• US DoD C4ISR Architecture Framework

• Norwegian Defence MACCIS, v1

Systems Engineering

• UK MoD DERA SE Reference Model

• World Class Systems Engineering, J Lake

Systems Life-Cycles, SLC

• ISO/IEC 15288 (CD2) SLC Processes

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US DoD C4ISR ArchitectureFramework

Technical

Identifies Standardsand Conventions

Identifies Standardsand Conventions

Time-phasedTechnicalGuidance

Systems

Overlays Capabilities and Requirementsto Identified Standards

Overlays Capabilities and Requirementsto Identified Standards

Processing andInformationExchange

Requirements

Operational

Identifies WarfighterNeeds

Identifies WarfighterNeeds

Processing and InformationExchange Requirements

New TechnologicalCapabilities

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Production Utilization Support RetirementDevelopment Concept

System of Interest

Production Utilization Support RetirementDevelopmentConcept

Concept System


Development System


Production System


Utilization System


Retirement System


Support System

Enabling System services to System of Interest

System of Interest requirementsfor enabling services

NEED FOR SERVICESFROM A

SYSTEM OF INTEREST

NEED FOR SERVICESFROM A

SYSTEM OF INTEREST

SYSTEM OF INTERESTSERVICES TO ITS

ENVIRONMENT

SYSTEM OF INTERESTSERVICES TO ITS

ENVIRONMENT

ISO/IEC 15288 System Life-CycleProcesses

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Table of Contents

• Background


• Project Focus

• Levels of Abstraction

• Current reasoning

• Challenges

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Project Context00-07 2002 2004 2010

Utkast 1

Avvecklas

OminriktasAnpassasFörslag

Målsättn Demon-stratorer

2007

TTEM Byggnation

Målbild

FAS 1 FAS 2 FAS 3

HIT00

Demon-stratorer

Arkitektur•Verksamhet•System•Teknik•Utv-miljö

Design/utv/anskaffning•Lednpl•Sbsyst•Lednstöd•Sensorer•Plattformar•Verksamhets-•lednings syst

Närtidsåtg•Lednpl•Lednstöd•Sbsyst

Arvet•Lednpl•Sbsyst•Lednstöd•Sensorer•Plattformar•Vapensys•Verksamhets-•lednings syst

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Policies

AssignmentsDoctrinesObjectives

Projects

OrganisationTeamsTask Forces

People

CompetencesTrainingExperience

Products

ArchitecturesComponentsConstr./rules Processes

Rôles & resp.Models,Methods &Tools

PEKB

Product Evolution Knowledge Base

5P-model

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Architecture Project Basis 1

C4ISRPEKB

Product evolutionprocesses

Product Information

SwAF C4ISR(Operationalproducts)

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Levels of Abstraction

The project produces results on threelevels of abstraction

• Meta-Architecture

• Reference Architecture for C4ISR -a System-of-Systems approach

• Target Architectures for yr 2005SwAF C4ISR demonstrators:

• ”Air & Sea”

• ”Ground Combat (Int’l Operations)”

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Meta-Architecture

The Architecture Framework

• Architecture principles & philosophy

• Product Evolution Knowledge Base

• Product structures & -models

• Standards

• Process structures & -models

• Criteria for selecting methods & tools

• Infrastructure issues

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Influences

US DoDArchitectureFramework

NATOC3

ArchitectureFramework

ISO/IEC10746

RM-ODP

ISO/IEC10303 STEP(PDM)

ISO/IEC15288 System

Life-CycleProcesses

SwAFArchitectureFramework

NOR/SWEMACCIS

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The Knowledge Base

Our ability to master the complexity of future SwAF C4ISR systemsrequires the use of a Smart Product Data Model approach to Life-Cycle Information Management. The SPDM is capable of providingmultiple views to satisfy the needs of various stakeholders.

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Principal viewpoints

Systems

Enterprise

Tech

nica

l

Org

anis

atio

nal

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Organizational independence

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9

Functions

J2 J6J4 J9

J3

Org A

QR

R2R1

PL

DGOrg B

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Architecture Models 1

O E

K

Processes

Doctrines

IP

S

Products

T

The material (real) world

Capabilities

Man

Roles

Organizations

The immaterial (virtual)descriptive world

Technical components

Individuals

Baseline

Context Partners

Component-descriptions (PDM)

Situation Specific System

PEDM

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Architecture Models 2

Services

Pol. Tasks

Capa-bilities

E SMissions

System(s)

SituationSpecificReq’s

SitSyst

O TMateriel

Technicalcomponents

Products

Role-components

Organizations

Task Force

Status Status

Baseline Baseline

Individuals

Situation Specific

KomponentbeskrivningarComponent DescriptionsComponent Descriptions

Functions

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Use of Architectures

O E

S

T

Baseline

ComponentDescriptions (PDM)

OAOA

TATA

EAEA

Situation Specific System

PEDMSASA

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BaselineBaseline of SitSyst for Operation E43

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Func3.1.44.2.12.1.72.1.72.1.7

6.14.54.56.26.2

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Other Perspectives

Logistics

Information

IT D

efen

ce

M&

S /

SB

A

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Component Descriptions

ComponentID

ComponentID

E-attributesE-attributes

S-attributesS-attributesO-attributesO-attributes

T-attributesT-attributes

Sec-attributes

M&S-attributes

M&S-attributes

I-attributes

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Reference Model

C4ISRReferenceArchitecture

Demon-stratorArchitecture2005

••••••••ISO 12207

IEEE 1220

SE COE

Jini CORBA

ATCCIS AQUA

Meta-architecture

IEEE 1516 (HLA)

ISO 10303 (STEP)

UML

DoD/NATO UJTL

OODA

IEEE 1516 (HLA)

ISO 10303 (STEP)

UML

IEEE 1516 (HLA)

ISO 10303 (STEP)

UML

IEEE 1516 (HLA)

ISO 15288

UML

Enterprise VP Systems VP Technical VP Process VP

ASN-1

ISO RM-ODP ISO RM-ODP

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Reference Architecture for C4ISR

• A System-of-Systems approach

• A macro-level template for C4ISR systems

• Provides general principles for break- down and aggregation of systems

• Identifies domain-specific products and infrastructure components

• Preparing for other domains

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Functional Areas

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

F 3

F 2F 1

F 4

F 5

F 6

F 7

F 8

F 9

F10

4.14.24.34.4

9.19.2

C2

1. Personell2. Intelligence3. C2 3.1 Ground 3.2 Air 3.3 Maritime 3.4 Combat 3.5 C2IW4. Logistics 4.1 Support 4.2 Transport 4.3 Medical 4.4 Infrastructure5. Planning6. Communications7. Training8. Production9. CIMIC 9.1 Civilian 9.2 Military10. Staff Cmd

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Generic Activities

OBSERVE OBSERVE

ORIENT ORIENT

DECIDE DECIDE

PLAN PLAN MONITOR MONITOR

ANALYSE ANALYSE

FunctionsF1-F10

FunctionsF1-F10

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Domain Architecture - SVP

FunctionalSystems

C2-system

IntelligenceSystem

OrientationSystem

Decision Support System

Transmission System

National Information Infrastructure

SensorSystem

ResponseSystem

ExternalSystems

V O E

N

T

I D

LF B

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Demonstrator Architecture(s)

Expected Characteristics of SwAF C4ISRDemonstrator Architectures

• Component based

• Loosely coupled interfaces

• Open & standards based

• Network oriented

• Non-hierarchical information structure

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Table of Contents

• Background


• Project Focus

• Levels of Abstraction

• Current reasoning

• Challenges

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CHALLENGES

• Evolutionary development

• M&S-based systems management

• IT Defence System

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Evolutionary development• Constant change requires constant

adaptations

• Evolution occurs in increments

• Evolution requires mutations (creativity)

• Mutation is promoted in a heterogenousenvironment

• Thus we must encourage ”dissimilarities”and be capable of handling them

• BTW - International Cooperation requiresthe same capabilities

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CISE - SBA - SBT - C4ISR

OpInfo

Resourcemodels

Decision Support for Acquisition

Coalition Capability &Interoperability Assessment

Training &Education

Deployment

STEP

SBDSBA

SBDCISE

FederationDesign

ComponentDesign

SBD SBT

TrainingLab

HLA HLA

HLAHLA

STEP

C4I MethodsLab

SBD C4ISR

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IO - IA - IW

IT IT defencedefence system system

IT-IT-weaponsweapons

Info-&IT-Info-&IT-platformsplatforms

IT-IRSIT-IRS

InfoOpInfoOpcommandcommand

InfrastructureInfrastructure

Flow controlFlow control

InfoSecInfoSecInfoSec C2WCC22WW

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The End

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