Areas of Computing Study

• Artificial Intelligence• Databases and Data Science• Human-Centered Computing• Networking • Information Security• System Software• Software Engineering• Theoretical Computer Science• COMPUTER VISION

Computer Architeture

• What is computer architecture?– How does it work?

• Three Categories of Computer Architecture– System design, instruction set architecture (ISA), and

Microarchitecture• Computer Architecture’s four main components

– Structure, organization, implementation, and performance

• Von Neumann architecture

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What is Computer Architecture?

• Computer architecture is a set of rules that discusses a computer system by talking about its parts and their relations. – Shows how the CPU acts and how it uses the computer memory

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PoRzVRIu_I

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Computer Architects

• Computer architects study and use computers to create better and more powerful computers we use every day– Architects study the three categories and the

four main components of computer architecture

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Three Categories of Computer Architecture

• System design – Instruction set architecture (ISA)• Microarchitecture

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Computer Architecture’s Four Main Components

• Four Components:– Structure –Organization– Implementation –Performance

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Structure

Performance

Organization

Implementation

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IBM Computer Architecture Projects

Current Projects

Completed Projects

Total Projects

9 12 23

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http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=1894

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System Design

• Includes all hardware components in the system, as well as data processors with the CPU, such as, graphics processing unit and direct memory access– System design also includes:

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Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

• Instruction Set Architecture is the embedded programming language of the central processing unit

• ISA defines the CPU’s functions and abilities based on what programming it can perform– These programs can include the word size,

processor register types, memory addressing modes, data formats and the instruction set that programmers use

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Microarchitecture• AKA computer organization• Microarchitecture defines the paths of

data, data processing and storage elements, as well as how they should be put into the ISA

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Structure & Organization

• Structures:– the static arrangements of parts

• Organization:– the overall interaction of the computer parts

and what they control

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Implementation & Performance

• Implementation:– the overall design of the computers building

blocks

• Performance:– the behavioral study of the system or of

some of its components

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Von Neumann Architecture

• Von Neumann architecture is the most popular type of computer architecture and is still used by most computers today. It started in 1945 by the mathematician Jon Von Neumann, and it describes the design of an electronic computer with its CPU, which includes the arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers, memory for data and instructions, an input/output interface and external storage functions

• https://www.csupomona.edu/~hnriley/www/VonN.html

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IBM Computer Architecture Projects

“At its core, IBM is a computer company; and IBM researchers have made seminal contributions to the computer architecture field.”– Current Projects:

• Blue Gene• Compiler Technology for Scalable Architectures• Mambo• POWER7.• Power-aware design

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IBM’s Completed Projects

• Deep Blue– IBM's Deep Blue computer beat the human world chess champion in

the year 1997. Now the technology is being applied to other areas.• Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW)

– The IBM VLIW research project resulted in a hardware prototype, three generations of research compilers, and many publications and patents.

• ASCI White Blue Pacific– IBM's scalable multiprocessor systems offer many areas of fruitful

research. IBM Research recently contributed to the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative's White and Blue Pacific supercomputers.

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Summary

Computer Architecture is a set of rules that discusses a computer system by talking about its parts and their relations. There are three different categories for computer architecture: System design, instruction set architecture (ISA), and Microarchitecture. There are also four main components such as, structure, organization, implementation, and performance. And the most popular type of computer architecture is Von Neumann Architecture which was started in 1945 by the mathematician Jon Von Neumann. Many modern computer companies work on various projects involving computer architecture today.

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Questions

• Name one of the four main components in computer architecture.

Structure, organization, implementation, or performance

• What is the most popular type of computer architecture?

Von Neumann Architecture

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References

• https://www.csupomona.edu/~hnriley/www/VonN.html

• http://www.techopedia.com/definition/26757/computer-architecture

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PoRzVRIu_I

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