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CHAPTER III

CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATION

3.1 The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) coordinates the statistical activities in the country and evolves statistical standards. Its activities include compilation of National Accounts, Index of Industrial Production, Consumer Price Indices for Urban Non-Manual Employees, Human Development Statistics including Gender Statistics, conduct of Annual Survey of Industries and Economic Census and imparting of training in Official Statistics. The CSO also assists in the development of Statistics in the States and Union Territories, and disseminates Energy, Social and Environment Statistics, and prepares the National Industrial Classification. Coordination of Statistical Activities

3.2 The CSO coordinates statistical activities with Central Government Ministries/Departments, State Governments and other Statistical Agencies. The CSO participates in the inter-departmental meetings of the Working Groups, Technical Advisory Committees, Standing Committees constituted by the Central Ministries/Departments with a view to ensuring statistical standards, to avoid duplication of efforts and for promoting quality and timeliness of data. The CSO also participates in the Committees of the State Governments and assists in the statistical data generation and dissemination activities. The CSO holds the Conferences of Central and State Statistical Organisations (COCSSO). A Standing Committee takes follow up action on the recommendations of the COCSSO.

Awards

3.3 To encourage independent and high quality research work in the field of Applied/Official Statistics in the country, a plan scheme “Awards and Fellowships for Outstanding and Meritorious Research Work in Statistics” is being implemented. Important components of the scheme are: (i) National Award in Statistics;

(ii) International Award in memory of Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis; (iii) Research Collaboration between this Ministry and Universities/

Institutes; (iv) Travel Grants assistance to Statisticians; and (v) Doctoral Fellowships.

3.4 First International Award in Statistics in memory of Prof. P.C. Maha lanobis

was awarded to Prof. C.R. Rao in recognition of his lifetime achievements in statistics. Prof. C.R. Rao has been among the world leaders in statistical science over the last 60 years. He spent 40 years of his prime life in India, promoting the study of statistics, developing research and training programmes. He was presented the Mahalanobis Award in the General Assembly of the 54th Session of International Statistical Institute in Berlin on August 18, 2003.

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Publications 3.5 The CSO brings out the following publications: (i) Guide to Official Statistics, (ii) Directory of Statistics, India, (iii) Statistical System in India, and (iv) Compendium of Statistical Publications. Besides, the CSO’s annual publication “Directory of Sample Surveys in India” gives consolidated information about the objectives, coverage, sampling design, procedures of data collection and data processing, cost of survey, main findings etc. in respect of surveys reported by various governmental agencies in the country. This report enables the organizations engaged in sample survey work to share the experiences/expertise in the field of sample surveys. The 52nd Annual Report on ‘Directory of Sample Surveys in India 2001’ was brought out. National Accounts 3.6 National accounts preparation as well as publication of annual estimates of national product, government/private final consumption expenditure, capital formation and saving along with consolidated accounts of the nation and detailed accounts of the public sector transactions are the important activities of the National Accounts Division of the CSO. Other activities are: (i) preparation of quarterly estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current and constant prices, (ii) estimation of capital stock and consumption of fixed capital; (iii) estimation of state level gross capital formation of supra-regional sectors of railways, communication, banking and insurance, and central government administration, and (iv) preparation of comparable estimates of state domestic product (SDP) at current prices for the use of Finance Commission and Planning Commission. 3.7 The annual publication 'National Accounts Statistics 2003’was brought out giving estimates of the national/ domestic product, private final consumption expenditure, saving, capital formation, capital stock, public sector transactions and consolidated accounts of the nation for the period 1993-94 to 2001-02. This publication also included the estimates of factor incomes for the years 1993-94 to 2000-01 and the Quick Estimates for the year 2001-02. An analytical overview of the economy as observed in the National Accounts Statistics, and revised advance estimates of national income for the year 2002-03 were also included in the publication. A statement giving the main macro economic aggregates for the years 1950-51 to 2001-02 both at current and constant (1993-94) prices forms part of the publication. Other special statements (i) domestic product from livestock sector separately for the period 1993-94 to 2001-02 and (ii) Quarterly Estimates of GDP for the period 1998-99 to 2002-03, were also included. 3.8 As per the Advance Estimate of GDP for 2003-04, released on 9th February 2004, the GDP at factor cost in real terms is expected to grow at rate of 8.1 per cent. The Quick Estimates of National Income and related aggregates for 2002-03 at current and constant prices were released on 31st January 2004, highlighting the behaviour of the economy during the year. In real terms, the economy achieved a growth of 4.0 per cent in gross domestic product during 2002-03 as against 5.8 per cent in the year 2001-02. The rates of gross domestic saving and gross domestic capital formation at current prices during 2002-03 were 24.2 and 23.3 per cent respectively, against the corresponding rates in 2001-02 of 23.5 and 23.1 per cent respectively. The quarterly estimates of GDP for the quarters Q1 (April-June), Q2 (July-September) and Q3 (October-December) of 2003-04 were released on 30th September 2003, 31st December 2003 and 31st March 2004, respectively. According

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to these estimates, the GDP has registered growth rates of 5.7 percent, 8.4 percent and 10.4 percent, respectively in the first three quarters of 2003-04. 3.9 Comparable estimates of Gross and Net State Domestic Product (GSDP and NSDP) and corresponding per capita estimates by economic activities for the year 2000-01 for each State were prepared after detailed discussion with the representatives of State Directorates of Economics and Statistics (DES). These estimates were sent to Finance Commission and Planning Commission. The State-wise estimates of GSDP and NSDP, both at current and constant (1993-94) prices were prepared for four supra-regional sectors, viz. railways, communication, banking and insurance and Central Government s administration for the years 1993-94 to 2001-02 and made available to DES. State-wise estimates of gross fixed capital formation for four supra regional sectors, viz. railways, communication, banking and insurance and Central Government Administration for the year 1999-2000 were prepared for the use of State DESs. 3.10 The Central Statistical Organization provides technical leadership, guidance and co-ordination in the compilation of National and Regional Accounts as well as to activate the institutiona lized interaction between National Accounts Division (NAD) of the CSO and DES through periodical meetings to discuss the weakness in data with a view to improving the reliability, timeliness and credibility of the System of National/Regional Accounts. Accordingly, six regional training-cum-workshops were organized at:

(1) Aurangabad, Maharashtra for Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh (25-29 August 2003)

(2) Lucknow, Uttar Peadesh for West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Rajasthan

and Uttar Pradesh (15-19 September 2003)

(3) Shillong, Meghalaya for Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim (13-17 October 2003).

(4) Ooty, Tamil Nadu for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil

Nadu, Pondicherry and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (3-7 November 2003)

(5) Chandigarh for Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal

Pradesh, UT of Chandigarh (19-23 January 2004).

(6) Nainital, Uttranachal for the newly formed States of Jharkhand, Uttaranchal and Chattisgarh (16-20 February 2004).

3.11 A Working Group for Estimation of Work Force for the purpose of national accounts under the Chairperson Smt. Grace Majumdar has been constituted. The Working Group met three times and submitted its Report. During the 61st Round (July 2004-June 2005) of NSS, a Pilot Survey is scheduled to be conducted for collecting data on Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH). A Sub-Group of the Working Group on NPISH was formed under the chairmanship of Dr. Vaskar Saha, Additional Director General for working out the details for conducting the survey. This Group has convened three meetings and finalised the sample design and the draft schedule.

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Industrial Statistics 3.12 The Industrial Statistics come under four categories viz. (i) Annual Survey of Industries (ii) Index of Industrial Production (iii) Standardisation of Industrial Classifications and (iv) Energy Statistics. The details of Index of Industrial Production and Standardisation of Industrial Classifications have been indicated in Chapter II. Annual Survey of Industries 3.13 The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) provides statistical information to assess and evaluate the change in the growth, composition and structure of the organised manufacturing sector comprising activities relating to manufacturing processes, repair services, generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, gas, water supply and cold storage. The survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act, 1953. The ASI extends to the entire country except the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim and Union Territory of Lakshadweep. It covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of The Factories Act, 1948. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under The Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966. All the electricity undertakings engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity registered with the Central Electricity Authority were covered under ASI irrespective of their employment size. The electricity units, however, have been excluded from ASI 1998-99 onwards as the relevant information of such electricity undertaking are collected, compiled and disseminated by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA). Certain services and activities like cold storage, water supply, repair of motor vehicles and of other consumer durables like watches, etc. are covered under the survey. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots, restaurants, hotels, cafe and computer services and also the technical training institutes are excluded from the purview of the survey. The data collected through ASI relate to capital, employment and emoluments, consumption of fuel and lubricants, raw material and other input/output, value added, labour turnover, absenteeism, labour cost, construction of houses by employers for their employees and other characteristics of factories/industrial establishments. Field work is carried out by the Field Operations Division, NSSO. The CSO processes the data and publish the results. 3.14 All ASI works are undertaken in the CSO, Industrial Statistics Wing at Kolkata from 1993-94 and onwards. The works in IS Wing has been geared up in order to: (i) develop in-house computer software for data processing for generation of all tables and their publications with effect from ASI 1993-94; (ii) maintaining the timeliness for release of detailed ASI data annually within six months of data collection; and (iii) print ASI detailed reports with the help of in-house printing facility. 3.15 In recent past many changes have been made for improvements in the collection, processing and dissemination of ASI data. Over the last few decades there has been a spurt in the growth of the number of registered factories and consequently in the number of units from whom data are collected and analysed annually. The collection and compilation of data from about 60,000 units in a very lengthy schedule have not only led to delay in the availability of results but also involve non-sampling errors. The process of changing the scenario started from 1997-98 which involved modification of sampling design as well as the schedule. According to the new

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sample design about 43,200 units were surveyed through ASI 2000-2001 and about 44,610 units were surveyed through ASI 2001-2002. This has certainly reduced the data collection and processing time. For ASI 2002-2003, the sample selection is over and 44,595 units have been selected for the purpose of estimating the state and industry- level estimates with a better precision.The entire processing of data of ASI 1995-96 onwards is being done at CSO (IS Wing), Kolkata. Necessary hardware and software are available to introduce modern Client-Server architecture and networking. Under the current plan scheme ,the client server architecture with RDBMS as oracle engine has been introduced very recently to streamline the large data processing to release the reliable data within a very short time span. 3.16 An action plan has been drawn to reduce the time lag in releasing the ASI results. From ASI 1998-99, release of provisional result has been discontinued. Detailed Final results in tabular form (in two volumes) and Quick Estimates are being released. From ASI 1999-2000, decision has been taken to have a separate short schedule for all the units selected and on the basis of these schedules, CSO (IS Wing) has released state wise Quick Estimates on some important parameters at 2 digit level of NIC-98. The ASI results are available to users on electronic media on payment basis. CSO (IS Wing) provides necessary technical support to State Governments and FOD, specially in respect of computerization of ASI frame, fully computerized sample selection, data processing as well as analytical works on ASI data. The liaison work is also undertaken with State Governments and other organizations/agencies in India and abroad. Some State DESs process ASI data on the basis of ASI returns received from NSSO (FOD). State DESs have been advised to modify their action plan in ASI in the light of the new sampling design with reduced sample size and to avoid the duplication of work in ASI at the State level. The CSO (IS Wing) provides the database as well as tables needed by State Governments for generating district/micro level estimates. Overview of ASI Results 3.17 Table-3.1 shows the principal characteristics for last three ASI years. The ASI 2001-02 detailed estimates for factory sector indicate a total of 1,28,549 working factories in all States and Union Territories except the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Sikkim and Union Territory of Lakshadweep. As indicated earlier this number does not include the electricity units registered with the CEA. These factories together had a total fixed capital worth Rs.4,31,96,013 Lakh, productive capital Rs.5,32,36,598 Lakh and invested capital Rs.6,05,91,285 Lakh. These factories

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Table-3.1

Principal Characteristics of ASI Characteristic Unit 1999-2000

2000-01 2001-02 2002-2003 (Quick Estimate)

Factories Number 131558 131268 128549

128039

Fixed capital Rs. Lakh

40186473 39960422

43196013 5870496*

Productive capital Rs. Lakh

50564909 50481261 53236598 -

Invested Capital Rs. Lakh

56663430 57179940 60591285 -

Workers

Number 6280659 6135238 5957848 -

Employees

Number 8172836 7917810 7686654 7890095

Wages to Workers

Rs. Lakh

2630427 2767074 2900951 -

Emoluments Rs. Lakh

5923146 6185739 5105957 6870748

Total input Rs. Lakh

70936465 74855152 77922749 87285922

Output Rs. Lakh

89793835 92690185 96245663 108786492

Depreciation Rs. Lakh

3359929 3472893 3892702 4424876

Net value added Rs. Lakh

15497442 14362141 14430212 17075693

Net fixed capital formation

Rs. Lakh

1507954 1215034 3122442 -

Net Income Rs. Lakh

10656621 9755619 9833306 -

Rent paid Rs. Lakh

453117 407862 375118 -

Interest paid Rs. Lakh

4387703 4198659 4221788 -

Profit Rs. Lakh

4733475 3569880 3488385 -

With effect from the year 1998-99, the Electricity Units registered with the CEA are excluded from the purview of ASI.

• Addition to fixed capital.

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provided gainful employment to about 7.69 million persons and distributed Rs.51,05,957 Lakh as emoluments to employees, consumed inputs worth Rs. 7,79,22,749 Lakh, produced Rs. 8,49,36,649 Lakh worth of goods and services valued at ex-factory prices and contributed by way of value added by manufacture Rs. 1,44,30,212 Lakh to the national income. The latest ASI 2002-2003 quick estimates for factory sector indicate a total of 1,28,039 working factories in all States and Union Territories except the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Sikkim and Union Territory of Lakshadweep. As indicated earlier this number does not include the electricity units registered with the CEA. These factories provided gainful employment to about 7.89 million persons and distributed Rs.68,70,748 Lakh as emoluments to employees, consumed inputs worth Rs. 8,72,85,922 Lakh, produced output of Rs. 10,87,86,192 Lakh worth of goods and services valued at ex-factory prices and contributed by way of value added by manufacture Rs. 1,70,75,693 Lakh to the national income. 3.18 The following results were released by the Industrial Statistics Wing during the year:- (i) Detailed results of ASI 1999-2000 at State x 5 digit level of industry (on electronic media only); (ii) Detailed results of ASI 2000-2001 at State x 5 digit level of industry (on electronic media); iii) Detailed results of ASI 2000-2001 in two volumes (on electronic media and on hard print ); (iv) Detailed results of ASI 2001-02 (on electronic Media ); and (v) Quick Estimates of ASI 2001-2002 and ASI 2002-03. 3.19 The following analytical studies were completed during the period:- (i) A study on anomalies of item level estimates and steps for improvements under ASI; (ii) A report on district level estimates using small area estimation technique based on ASI 1999-2000; and (iii) A report on Industry wise profile for seven major sectors are based on time series data of ASI. Energy Statistics 3.20 The CSO brings out a publication entitled “ Energy Statistics” containing time series data of different energy sources viz. coal, crude petroleum, natural gas and electricity (hydro & nuclear), etc. For the first time in 2000-01, data on installations made under major non-conventional energy programmes at State and All India level are also presented in this publication. The Statistics presented in this publication are based on the latest data supplied by the concerned government departments/organizations viz. Office of Coal Controller; Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas; Office of the Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry; Central Electricity Authority, and Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources. Efforts are being made for regular updation of this publication. The publication “Energy Statistics” for the year 2002-03 has been improved substantially. The Publication has been released both in electronic media and in hard print. Economic Census 3.21 In 1976, Economic Census and Surveys was initiated with a view to providing database and to bridge the data gaps particularly in respect of un-organised sectors of the economy. The first countrywide Economic Census was conducted in 1977. Three more Economic Censuses have been conducted during 1980, 1990 and 1998 in collaboration with the Directorates of Economics and Statistics of the States/UTs. The Economic Censuses have, over the period, provided sampling frame for conducting detailed follow-up enterprise surveys in various un-organised sectors. Fifteen follow-up surveys based on census frame have been conducted so far.

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3.22 In order to capture changes in the composition and structure of enterprises/establishments in the un-organised sectors particularly attributed to the introduction of economic reforms and liberalisation in the country, it is proposed to conduct Fifth Economic Census during November 2004 to February 2005. A Standing Committee to oversee and guide the conduct of Fifth Economic Census has been constituted. The Committee held two meetings during August-October, 2003 and suggested formation of three Working Groups to suggest modalities on the conduct of the Census. The First Working Group is to plan the survey and fieldwork, formats and contents of schedules to be canvassed and output tables etc . The Second Working Group is to look in to the operational aspects of the census like conduct of fieldwork and post enumeration checks. The Third Group deals with the tabulation plan and preparation of reports. The three Working Groups have to submit their respective reports latest by May, 2004. So far two meetings of the First Working Group were held on 13-14 November 2003 & 13th February, 2004 and schedules to be canvassed were discussed. The Second Working Group also held its two meetings on 2nd December 2003 & 22nd January, 2004 for considering aspects relating to field work etc. The Economic Census will be conducted under a Central Sector Plan Scheme. Social Statistics 3.23 The Social Statistics Division is responsible for the coordinated development of social statistics which inter-alia covers population, human development, employment, health, education, social justice and women empowerment, etc. Close liaison is maintained with different agencies like the Planning Commission, Registrar General of India, Ministries of Human Resource Development, Labour, Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, Social Justice and Empowerment, Health and Family Welfare besides many autonomous research institutions like International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS), Indian Council of Social Science Research (lCSSR), National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD), National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Institute of Applied Manpower Research (IAMR) and National Council of Applied Economics Research (NCAER), etc. The CSO also shares its expertise with various organizations in the field of social statistics by participating in the meetings of the Expert Groups, Working Groups, Technical Advisory Committees and other Committees constituted by different ministries/departments/organizations and provides expert advisory support on the proposals, questionnaires, tabulation programmes, reports, etc. The latest Publication of this division "Selected Socio-Economic Statistics, India" (2001) gives time series data on different social indicators. The Social Statistics Division has also initiated Pilot Studies in eight states for building up Basic Statistics for Local Level Development (Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Haryana, Kerala, Bihar and Tamil Nadu). A High Power Expert Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. S.P. Gupta, Member, Planning Commission has been constituted to guide and monitor the studies. These studies will provide a frame work of data base for enabling the realisation of decentralised planning envisaged in the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. The studies have been completed in some of the states from where the data have also been received Gender Statistics 3.24 From 1975 (the International Year of Women), there has been a growing

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interest in gender statistics. This has received attention of the planners, policy makers and professiona ls in India. The need for reliable statistical information on gender issues required for understanding the role of women in the society has been felt with increasing urgency. For some areas of interest, like population, mortality, literacy and workforce, gender specific statistics have been in the public domain for quite some time. For the others, the Ministry has taken major steps in creating a database by compiling gender disaggregated statistics from various sources. With the objective of sensitizing the policy makers to the gender issues, the CSO implemented an ESCAP project on Improvement of Statistics on Gender Issues during 1994 to 1996. The outcome of these efforts was publication of "Women and Men in India” brought out for the first time by the CSO in 1995. The latest issue of this publication pertains to the year 2002. The Social Statistics pertaining to gender issues that are included in the latest publication "Women and Men in India" are summarised below:

(i) Health: Sex ratio, life expectancy at birth, age-specific mortality rate, malnutrition, intake of food and calories at different ages, maternal mortality, proportion of deliveries by type of medical attention received.

(ii) Education: Female literacy, gross enrolment ratio by sex, drop-out rates by sex, sex-wise enrolment in higher education by field of study.

(iii) Participation of Women in the Economic Activity: Workforce participation rate by sex, total and women employment in organized sector, total and female employment and hired workers in non-agricultural establishments by major activity group, industries which employed more females than males, occupations in which female workers were more than male workers, average wage/ salary received by regular wage/salaried employees by type of activity and sex.

(iv) Participation of Women in the Decision Making : Proportion of women voters actually casting their votes, number of women contestants and elected, percentage of women in higher decision making levels in the government, number of women entrepreneurs in manufacturing and service sectors, proportion of women in decision making at the local government level.

3.25 A National Plan of Action (NPA) was prepared to bridge the identified data gaps relating to gender issues. Improvement of Gender Statistics and revision/updation of the recommendations contained in NPA is being undertaken. In the NPA, a number of indicators of interest has been identified to measure the achievement of national

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goals relating to gender issues. Some of the important indicators for which stress has already been laid to bridge data gaps are (i) gender specific wages by industries, (ii) number of doctors according to sex, (iii) nursing personnel, (iv) educationa l status of mother, (v) availability of facilities in work place for taking care of children, (vi) reliable maternal mortality rate, (vii) percentage of women in higher decision making levels of the government, (viii) demographic particulars of victims and offenders of women related crimes, (ix) proportion of crime victims leading normal life, (x) time use statistics by sex, (xi) female infanticide, (xii) sex wise break up of bank accounts and driving licenses, etc. A National Seminar on Gender Statistics and Data Gaps was organized by the CSO at Goa during 5-7th February, 2004. In this seminar, various relevant issues were discussed and deliberated upon under the four broad subject heads, namely i) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Engendering Statistics; ii) Gender Budgeting/ Audit; iii) Economic Perspective on Women’s Human Rights and Gender Disparity, and iv) Data Gaps and Emerging Issues.

Time Use Survey and Statistics 3.26 With a view to assessing the contribution made by women and men in the national economy through their household work and to study the gender discrimination in household activities, a Methodological Time Use Survey was conducted in about 18600 households spread over six States (Haryana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa and Tamil Nadu) of the country in 1998-99. The fieldwork of the survey was conducted by the Directorates of Economics and Statistics (DESs) of the State Governments. Data on the activities performed during 24 hours were collected for each member aged 6 years and above of the selected household. For each such member, activity particulars were collected separately for three days categorized by work intensity as normal, weekly variant and abnormal, whenever such variation in work intensity was found to exis t. The tables generated provide the weekly average time spent in different types of activities according to age, sex, place of residence, level of education, economic activity status, etc. An International Workshop was organized at Ahmedabad during 7-10 December, 1999 and the Report of the survey was brought out in April, 2000. To assess the contribution of the women in the national economy, the CSO undertook the exercises of 'Valuation of Unpaid Household Work and Community Services" and 'Estimation of Work Force' using the results of Time Use Survey. The concept papers based on the above two exercises were deliberated upon in a National Seminar on Applications of Time Use Statistics held during 8-9th October, 2002 in New Delhi which was attended by many international experts. The Central Statistical Organisation has constituted an Expert Committee on Applications of Time Use Statistics to review the Classification of Activities used in TUS in the light of experiences gained from the TUS survey and building up a comprehensive and consistent classification of activities for TUS which is comparable with the existing classification as well as that takes care of the specific problems of data collection on time disposition. Environment Statistics

3.27 Environment Statistics is a newly emerging area. There is an increasing emphasis on making available relevant data required in the context of promoting

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environmentally acceptable production technology, conservation of resources, waste minimizing, control of pollution of air, water and atmosphere, protection of forests, flora and fauna etc. The Environment Statistics Unit continues to have a close liaison with different organizations including Ministry of Environment and Forests dealing with respective subjects. CSO brought out five editions of the publication "Compendium of Environment Statistics". The manuscript of the sixth edition for the year 2002 has been prepared and approved and action has been initiated for its printing. Environment Statistics Unit organized Fourth National Workshop on Environment Statistics on 22-23 April, 2003 in Shillong. It also organized two training programmes on Environment Statistics during 2003-04, one in Hyderabad during 28th April to 3rd May, 2003 and another in Shillong during September 23-28, 2003. Natural Resource Accounting

3.28 The valuation of natural resources has assumed significance under Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held during June 1992 at Rio de Janeiro. This was reinforced in the Johannesburg Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. This requires integration of national accounts with natural resource accounts for taking suitable decisions for sustainable development and computing Green GDP. A major breakthrough has been made in India by initiating studies on Natural Resource Accounting (NRA) with the ultimate objective of building up Green GDP for the Country. The first such study was held in 2000 at Goa and its report was published in 2002. The study covered land use, fo rests, iron ore, energy and emission from transport and domestic sectors. On the basis of experience gained, the Ministry has commissioned a few more sector-specific projects in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka and West Bengal. With a view to developing a long term framework and methodology, the Ministry has approved in principle a Goa phase II project and three more sector-specific projects on NRA in selected states. Payment of Professional Services 3.29 The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation is operating a Scheme on "Payment of professional services in respect of research studies/sample surveys and related activities” to develop methodologies for collection, analysis and processing of data and other research studies on the subjects related to official statistics. The Standing Research Advisory Committee (SRAC) set up under the Chairmanship of Secretary, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation examines the proposals for funding by the Ministry. To invite proposals for the year 2003-04, the Ministry advertised in all leading newspapers of the country through DAVP. The SRAC met and approved four fresh non-NRA projects for bridging data gaps and development of official statistics. Price Statistics 3.30 The CSO has been compiling and publishing, on monthly basis, Consumer Price Index for Urban Non-Manual Employees [CPI(UNME)] since 1961. The data on retail prices of goods and services in the consumption basket, used for compilation of CPI(UNME), are collected by the Field Operations Division (FOD) of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The number of goods and services for which data are collected varies from centre to centre. The smallest number is 146 (Imphal) and the largest 345 (Delhi). Data on house rent and off-take in respect of selected commodities are also collected. Based on these data, the CSO compiles and releases

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the CPI(UNME) on base 1984-85=100. The weighting diagram for the current series of CPI(UNME) was prepared on the basis of the data collected through Family Living Survey for UNME conducted during 1982-83. This index is widely used by various agencies for varied purposes including as an input to the wage and salary adjustment process; indexation of pension and superannuation payments, cost inflation index for capital gains, government taxes, charges and contracts; and as a general measure of inflation. Monthly indices upto March, 2004 have been released. Two brochures giving CPI(UNME) at group and sub-group levels for 59 urban centres and all- India, for the periods: January – June, 2003 and July - December, 2003 have also been released during the year. The all-India general and group level CPI (UNME) for the period January 2001 to March, 2004 is given in the Table 3.2. The trends delineated by the movements of all-India CPI (UNME) series at group level, are shown in Chart 3.1. The coverage and applicability of four CPI numbers compiled at national level at present i.e. CPI(IW), CPI(AL), CPI(RL) and CPI(UNME) are restricted to different segments of population as implied by their nomenclature. 3.31 Fourth meeting of Working Group of TAC on SPCL on revision of current series of Consumer Price Index for Urban Non-Manual Employees was held on the 29th April, 2003 at New Delhi. The Group considered various aspects relating to compilation of CPI for urban and rural population. Forty second meeting of the Technical Advisory Committee on Statistics of Prices and Cost of Living (TAC on SPCL) was held on the 26th June, 2003 in New Delhi. The TAC considered two reports of the Sub-Group of the TAC to advise on the improvement of WPI, one on strengthening of Wholesale Price Collection Mechanism and another on development of Business Services Price Index in India, and issues relating to the implementation of NSC recommendations on improvement of Price Statistics. The process of revision of the current series of CPI (IW) on base = 1982 is in progress. With a view to examining the technical details and trial indices before release, the TAC on SPCL constituted a Sub-Group under the chairmanship of the DG & CEO, NSSO. First meeting of the Sub-Group was held on the 12th December, 2003 and examined the technical details relating to revision of base year of the current series of CPI(IW) including weighting diagrams for 78 centres and trial indices for 18 months (January, 2002 to June, 2003) in respect of 6 centres covered under the Working Class Family Income and Expenditure Survey. The second meeting held on the 12th March, 2004 at Shimla, examined the technical details relating to revision of base year of the current series of CPI(IW), including weights for compilation of all India CPI(IW) and other related issues. 3.32 Since the last family living survey for urban non-manual employees (FLS for UNME) was conducted during 1982-83, the consumption pattern of the population in general and non-manual urban population in particular has undergone considerable changes; rapid urbanisation and globalisation of various economic activities resulting in emergence of new commodities and services on the one hand and irrelevance of some items of consumption on the other. As such, the consumption basket of the current

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Table-3.2

All-India general and group level CPI(UNME) ( January, 2001 to March-, 2004 )

Year Month Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 General 2001 Jan 373 407 366 371 382 376

Feb 373 407 366 372 383 376 Mar 375 406 366 372 384 377 Apr 378 408 366 374 385 379 May 383 408 366 374 386 382 Jun 391 412 366 375 387 386 Jul 395 412 382 376 389 391

Aug 397 418 382 377 391 393 Sep 393 420 382 378 392 392 Oct 395 422 382 379 393 393 Nov 399 423 382 380 395 395 Dec 393 427 382 381 398 394

2002 Jan 387 426 395 381 398 393 Feb 386 427 395 381 399 392 Mar 387 449 395 382 399 395 Apr 389 448 395 383 400 396 May 393 449 395 384 401 398 Jun 399 451 396 384 405 402 Jul 402 452 406 385 408 406 Aug 403 453 406 386 410 407 Sep 403 454 406 386 414 408 Oct 402 456 406 387 416 408 Nov 402 456 406 388 417 408 Dec 395 458 406 390 417 405

2003 Jan 391 461 420 391 419 406 Feb 393 461 420 391 420 408 Mar 397 463 420 392 423 410 Apr 402 467 420 393 426 413 May 404 467 420 394 425 415 Jun 409 468 420 395 425 417 Jul 414 471 430 396 425 421 Aug 410 472 430 397 426 420 Sep 409 474 431 398 429 420 Oct 414 474 431 399 430 423 Nov 412 475 431 399 431 422 Dec 409 476 431 401 432 421 2004 Jan 410 476 442 401 434 424 Feb 410 477 442 402 434 424 Mar 409 478 442 402 435 424

Note:- Group 1: Food, Beverages & Tobacco; Group 2: Fuel & light; Group 3: Housing; Group 4: Clothing, Bedding and Foot-wear; Group 5 : Miscellaneous ; General: All groups combined.

15

Chart – 3.1

16

series of CPI(UNME) has to be brought upto date. A fresh FLS for UNME to represent the current consumption pattern on a realistic basis has become absolutely necessary. A proposal is under consideration for conducting Family Living Survey (FLS) for Urban Non-Manual Employees (UNME), market survey and price collection for revision of current series of CPI (UNME) in 66 urban centres spread through out the country. To resolve the issues relating to construction of separate urban and rural indices, CPI (U) and CPI(R), a meeting was held on the 17th September, 1999 under the chairmanship of Secretary, Planning Commission. In the meeting it was decided that there was no need for conducting FLS, as the item basket and weighting diagram for CPI(U) and CPI(R) can be easily derived from the data collected through Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) undertaken by NSSO in its 55th Round (July 1999-June 2000). However, funds would be provided for conducting market survey as also for the development of price data collection mechanism. 3.33 A Working Group of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) on prices constituted to look into the various aspects relating to compilation of CPI(U) and CPI(R), recommended a pilot study in 20 villages spread throughout the country from the sample of 600 villages covered under the current series of CPI(AL) and CPI(RL) to ascertain whether markets corresponding to these villages are representative of entire rural population or there is a need to augment the coverage of markets and shops/outlets even in the case of existing sample villages and the type of market survey need to be conducted in the additional villages to be selected for CPI(R). Regarding selection of centers for CPI (U), it was felt that a list of urban UFS blocks pertaining to the urban sample of the 55th Round of CES would have to be prepared to select the additional cities/towns for CPI(U) in addition to the centers of current series of CPI(UNME) and CPI(IW). A pilot survey in 20 villages has already been conducted by NSSO to ascertain the adequacy of existing markets and outlets to cater to needs of the proposed CPI(R). The survey has clearly brought out that the presently selected markets are inadequate and there is need to have a fresh market survey in all the sample villages to establish a proper price data collection frame of markets and outlets. The tabulation of NSS consumer expenditure data (55th Round) has been taken up by the Computer Centre. Trial tables for some states have been examined by the CSO. The Working Group recommended CSO to undertake an exercise to study the items in the consumption basket and markets/outlets covered (i) in all the centres of CPI(UNME) and CPI(IW) and (ii) the price data being collected through Schedule 3.01(R) in the state of Punjab vis-a-vis items in the weighting diagram to be derived for CPI(U) and CPI(R) respectively from the NSS 55th Round. An exercise to study the items (i) in the consumption basket of the centres covered under the current series of CPI(UNME), and CPI(IW) series under revision and (ii) for which price data are being collected under the current series of CPI(AL/RL) vis-à-vis items in the weighting diagram prepared for CPI(U) and CPI(R) for Punjab state was undertaken. It is observed that in all there are about 50 to 60 additional items for which the price data are not being collected in urban centres covered under the current series of CPI(UNME) and CPI(IW) series under revision, and from markets/outlets corresponding to sample villages covered under the current series of CPI(AL/RL) of Punjab state. The Working Group in its meeting on the 29th April 2003, considered various issues relating to development of CPI(U) and CPI( R)) and decided to compile the CPI(U) and CPI(R) for Punjab state using price data collected under the current series of CPI(UNME) and CPI(AL/RL) and CPI(IW) series under revision, and also price data collected by the state of Punjab. The weights of the additional items

17

may be imputed over the remaining items in the weighting diagrams for CPI(U) and CPI( R) on pro-rata basis, within the sub-group/group. As follow up of the decision, the price data for (i) state series of Punjab, and CPI(IW) and CPI(AL/RL) series for Punjab state have been obtained and the same are under examination. International Comparison Programme 3.34 The International Comparison Programme (ICP) developed by the United Nations, facilitates the comparison of macro economic aggregates like GDP, GNP etc. between different countries in a more meaningful way (by using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Numbers) than the comparison based on Official Exchange Rates (OER). So far six rounds of ICP (starting from 1970 to 1993) have been conducted and India has participated in all the rounds except the last one. It has been decided that India will participate in the Seventh Phase ICP of the United Nations for which the preliminary work has already started. Mr. Vilas Mandlekar, Senior Information Officer of the World Bank came over to India and imparted training on Tool Pack Software to be used for price collection on price editing, on 10-13 March, 2003. The comments on functioning of the Tool Pack were forwarded to the World Bank for effecting modification in the Software. Dr. Bishnu Pant, Principal Statistician, Asian Development Bank; Mr. Keith Blackburn and Mr. Mark King both Consultants appointed by Asian Development Bank, visited CSO during 19-30 May, 2003 with a view to finalizing the specifications of items of Food and Clothing Groups to be included in the ICP basket for pricing in the Asia and the Pacific region of which India is an important constituent. India has participated in the meetings of (a) Regional Advisory Board and Heads of Statistical Agencies on International Comparison Programme for Asia and Pacific Region at Bangkok, Thailand during 18-20 June, 2003, (b) Regional Inception Workshop on International Comparison Programme (ICP) for Asia and the Pacific at Bangkok, Thailand during 28 July-1 August, 2003, (c) second meeting of Regional Advisory Board on International Comparison Program (ICP) for Asia and Pacific Region during 15-16 December, 2003 at Asian Development Bank Headquarters, Manila (Philippines) and (d) workshop on Product Specifications during 26 January - 6 February, 2004 at the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, Thailand. Training of Trainers’ Seminar/Workshop relating to the ICP was also organized in India during March 29 to April 3, 2004 in which 9 South Asian countries participated. The collection of price data for ICP-2004 will start in October, 2004. An Expert Committee has been constituted to advise the CSO on all technical aspects of the ICP-2004. Modernisation of Statistical System in India 3.35 The Sub-Project Implementation Plan (SIP) for taking up some of the important studies under tier-1 of the project on ‘Modernisation of Statistical System in India’ has been accepted by the World Bank and the participation agreement with the Department of Economic Affairs has been signed. The project includes the components (i) Study for identifying the specific requirements of strengthening State Statistical Bureaus; (ii) Study for the establishment of an all India Statistical Network; (iii) Study for the creation and maintenance of a Business Register; (iv) Surveys for the improvement of Service Sector Statistics; and (v) Study for assessing the survey capabilities in the private sector. The activities included under tier-1 are those which would produce visible results in a short span of time and are part of an integrated set of activities designed to improve the capacity, reliability and relevance of the statistical system in India to be implemented in tier-2. Steps have also been initiated to implement the components included in the SIP.

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Informal Sector Statistics 3.36 The seventh meeting of the Expert Group on Informal Sector Statistics (Delhi Group) was successfully conducted at New Delhi during 2-4 February 2004. The meeting was attended by 45 participants from seven countries and organizations like ILO and ESCAP, UNSD, UNDP and other organizations, viz. Women in Informal Employment – Globalising and Organising (WIEGO), Centre for Development Alternatives (CDA), Centre for Social Development (CSD), Gujarat Institute of Development Research (GIDR), National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER), Socio Economic Research Centre (SERC) and Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA). The issues like ‘defining informal employment and methodologies for its measurement’, ‘improving the quality of informal sector statistics’, ‘measurement of informal economy through income and expenditure surveys’ etc. were discussed nd recommended further work on the following i) identification, definition and development of a core set of indicators on informal sector and informal employment, ii) identification of various types of informal jobs in agriculture, iii) conducting studies for measurement of the contribution of informal sector/informal employment to GDP and iv) measuring the relationship between poverty and informal employment. Delhi Group will bring out a Manual on Informal Sector Statistics during 2004-2005. Statistical Training 3.37 Due to fast changing requirement of information, rapid growth of technology and socio-economic change, human resources development in the statistical sector has now assumed greater importance than ever before. The Training Division plays a key role in imparting need based and effective training in the areas of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Information Technology, Official Statistics and other related subjects to the statistical professionals. The high-powered policy making committee viz. Cadre Management Committee (CMC) and the Training Programmes Approval Committee (TPAC) decide the types of training programmes to be conducted alongwith their course contents, duration and criteria for selection of Resource Persons and participants. The Division organises training programmes for ISS officers (including Probationers) and Non-ISS personnel on a regular basis which are periodically reviewed and suitably improved. The training programmes include Official Statistics, Management Techniques, Construction of Life Tables and Population Projections, Planning and Evaluation, Theory of Sample Surveys, Time Series and Forecasting, Organisation of Sample Surveys, Survey Design, Financial and Banking Statistics, National and International Statistical Systems and National Accounts Statistics. Central Training Facility 3.38 The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation have taken the possession of land on 4-07-03 at Greater NOIDA, for setting up of a Central Training Facility for the Statistical personnel. The CPWD have already completed the site survey work. The preliminary structural and architectural designs of the main building have been approved, based on which CPWD had submitted cost estimates for the project which are under examination by cost estimates for boundary wall (Rs. 61.38 lakh) have been approved. Construction work will start shortly.

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Thematic Seminars 3.39 To explore the capabilities of the ISS officers for advancement of their academic interest and analytical contribution to the Indian Statistical System, periodic thematic seminars have been held. The first such seminar in the series was held on the 5th November, 2003 and the second seminar was held on 9th December, 2003. This seminar provided a platform for discussions and exchange of views on the issues emerged during course of the seminar. The papers after vetting by an Editorial Board are proposed to be published. The Ministry proposes to hold such thematic seminars at regular intervals. It is felt that these periodic seminars would pave the way for broadening views of ISS officers and further widening their knowledge apart from interaction amongst the officers themselves. Training Programmes 3.40 During 2003-2004, the training programmes were conducted for XXV and XXVI batches of ISS probationers. Two Induction Training Programme of eight week duration were conducted for 35 officers promoted to JTS of Indian Statistical Service (ISS). To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of in-service ISS officers, refresher training programmes have been organized during the year on National Accounts, Geographic Information System, Quantitative Economics, Communication/Presentation Skills, Time Series Analysis, Forecasting & Modeling, Small Area Estimation, Management (s), Classificatory Analysis, Market Research and on topics related to Information Technology such as MS Office XP with emphasis on MS Access, Visual Fox Pro, C++ , Visual Basic. Net, Oracle 9i, Website Design and Management and SPSS. 3.41 As per the recommendations of the National Statistical Commission, training programmes for non-ISS statistical personnel of Central/State Govt. Departments and UT’s have now been restructured into short courses of two/three weeks’ duration. During 2003-04, the following training modules on various topics were organized: (i)Labour & Employment Statistics; (ii) Social Statistics; (iii)National Accounts Statistics and National Resource Accounting; (iv) Price Statistics and Index Numbers; (v)Sample Surveys and Organisation of Large Scale Sample Surveys; (vi)Computer level I-Foundation course on Information Technology;(vii)Computer level II –Electronic data processing under UNIX; and (viii) Computer level III –Advanced IT Technology on Networking and RDBMS.

20

21

3.42 A three week course in “National and International Statistical Systems” was conducted for 26 M. Stat. Students of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkata / New Delhi centres during May 19 – June 6, 2003. A six weeks course in “Official Statistics and Related Methodology” for the participants of the 57th term of Regular Course in Statistics of the International Statistical Education Centre, Kolkata also commenced at CSO on September 29, 2003. Ten participants from four different countries attended this course. The Training Division also organized training program/study visit for statistical personnel of Vietnam and Korea. Information on various training programmes conducted by the Training Division of the CSO, number of participants in each course and duration of the course is given in Table - 3.3.

Statistical Intelligence 3.43 The Statistical Intelligence Unit (SIU) is engaged in collection, compilation and up-dation of various types of socio-economic data series and dissemination of data to national and international agencies (UNSD, ESCAP, ILO and ADB).The following publications have been brought out by the Unit:-

(i) Monthly Abstract of Statistics for March, 2003 to December, 2003

printed and released Volume No.56; (ii) Statistical Abstract, India 2002 (English); (iii) Statistical Pocket Book, 2002(English); and (iv) Statistical News Letter for the quarters viz. October-December, 2002

Jan.-March, 2003, April – June 2003 and July- September, 2003.

3.44 The Statistical Intelligence Unit has Graphic Section engaged in the preparation of cover page designs, graphs, charts, maps etc. for inclusion in various CSO publications. Besides, this unit has sent Statistical information to national and international agencies as per their questionnairs for the under mentioned publications during 2003-04 :-

(a) UN Monthly Bulletin of Statistics for May 2003 to April, 2004; (b) Statistical Indicators to ESCAP for Quarter ending June and

December, 2003 and March, 2004; (c) Key indicators for yearly publication “Development for Asian and

Pacific Countries, 2003 for Asian Development Bank; (d) UN Demography Year Book, 2001; (e) Oil Statistics to UN upto October, 2003; (f) Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific, 2003; (g) Asia – Pacific in Figures, 2003; (h) ILO Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 2003; and (i) Supply of Data to SAARC Regional Centre, Islamabad for data base

Development on Macro Economic Profile and Human Resource Development.

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Table-3.3 Training Programmes during 2003-04

Sl. Training Programme Duration No. of

partici-pants

1. Probationary Training

XXV Batch of ISS

23.12.2002 to 7.11.2003 45 weeks

27

2. Probationary Training

XXVI Batch

24.3.2003 to 29.4.2004 62 weeks

8

3. Induction Training for officers promoted to JTS of ISS Batch I July 21 – Sep12, 2003 20

Batch II Oct 27 – Dec 19, 2003 15

4. Training Programmes for in-service ISS officers A) Refresher courses a) Quantitative Economics

Dec.2-8, 2003

13

b) Communication/Presentation Skills

Nov 10 – 14, 2003 March 15-19, 2003

19 9

c) System of National Accounts

Aug 4 – 8, 2003 11

d) Time Series Analysis, Forecasting & Modeling

Nov. 17-21, 2003 March 15-19, 2004

19 9

e) Small Area Estimation

Nov. 10-14, 2003

15

f) Geographic Information System July 28 – Aug. 01, 03

12

g) Management

Nov. 24-29, 2003 Feb. 16-21, 2004

20 17

h) Classificatory Analysis Feb 16-20, 2004 13 i) Market Research Feb 9-13’ 2004 17 B) Specialised computer courses

and other Programmes

a) Information Technology Enabled Management by NPC at Shimla b) Smart Office in Internet Era by NIFM, Faridabad c) Data warehousing and data Mining Techniques at Fore School, New Delhi d) Website Design & Management at Computer Centre e) Oracle 9i at Computer Centre f) Environment Statistics at NEHU, Shillong

6-10 May 2003 19-23 May 2003 26-27 June 2003 18-29 August 2003 1-12 September 2003 23-28 September 2003

1 1 20 12 12 10

23

g) Website Design and Management at Computer Centre i) Visual Basic Net. j) SPSS

6-17 October 2003 16-27 February, 2004 22March - April 2004

16 15 16

5. Training programmes for non-ISS statistical personnel i) “National and International

Statistical Systems”for M. Stat. Students of the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) ii) Labour and Employment Statistics iii) Social Statistics iv) National Accounts Statistics and National Resource Accounting v) Price Statistics and Index Numbers vi) Sample Surveys and Organisation of Large Scale Sample Surveys vii) Computer level I-Foundation course on Information Technology viii) Computer level II –Electronic data processing under UNIX ix) Computer level III –Advanced Networking and RDBMS

May 19- Jun 6, 03 Jan 5-16,2004 Nov 24 - Dec 12, 2003 Dec 22 – Jan 9, 2004 Jan 19-30, 2004 Feb 9-20, 2004 Sep 29 – Oct 10, 2003 Nov 3-14, 2003 Jan 19-30, 2004

32 8 8 14 14 21 20 17 22

6. Training for International Participants “Official Statistics and

Methodology” for the participants from International Statistical Education Centre, Kolkata.

Sept.29- Nov.7, 2003

10