arff professional services llc 20 th arffwg annual meeting and conference pride, passion and...

ARFF Professional Services LLC ARFF Professional Services LLC www.APSSafety.netwww.APSSafety.net

2020thth ARFFWG Annual Meeting and ARFFWG Annual Meeting and ConferenceConference

Pride, Passion and ProgressPride, Passion and Progress

Dallas, TexasDallas, Texas

August 2009August 2009


Tactical Considerations in Tactical Considerations in ARFF: ARFF:

The “Smart Approach”The “Smart Approach”

Jack KreckieJack Kreckie


Smart ApproachSmart Approach

Don’t let tradition impede progressDon’t let tradition impede progress Learn from cumulative experienceLearn from cumulative experience Look beyond the face value of Look beyond the face value of

technologytechnology Develop CRM model that facilitates Develop CRM model that facilitates

success in emergency managementsuccess in emergency management Keep all plans and programs in Keep all plans and programs in

DRAFT formatDRAFT format


Integrating Safety Integrating Safety Management Systems Management Systems (SMS) into Emergency (SMS) into Emergency

Planning.Planning.


Integrating Safety Management Systems (SMS) Integrating Safety Management Systems (SMS) into Emergency Planninginto Emergency Planning

DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS SMS: (ICAO) “the state in which the risk of SMS: (ICAO) “the state in which the risk of

harm to persons or of property damage is harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk process of hazard identification and risk management.” management.”

SMS: (FAA) “the formal, top-down SMS: (FAA) “the formal, top-down business-like approach to managing safety business-like approach to managing safety risk.” risk.”


Fire Service >>>>>SafetyFire Service >>>>>Safety

Fire Ground SafetyFire Ground Safety Fire - Safety Fire - Safety

InspectionsInspections Safety Tips / Safety Tips /

RemindersReminders Ramp SafetyRamp Safety Accident Accident

PreventionPrevention Fire PreventionFire Prevention


Safety CultureSafety Culture

ARFF should take a pro-active role in ARFF should take a pro-active role in community safety services.community safety services.• Airport working communityAirport working community• Airport transient communityAirport transient community• Flying publicFlying public

BenefitsBenefits• Community (s)Community (s)• Relationship building Relationship building

Emergency ManagementEmergency Management


Community Resource Management Community Resource Management (CRM)(CRM)

Hybrid of Cockpit/Crew Resource Hybrid of Cockpit/Crew Resource Management concept developed from Management concept developed from NASA researchNASA research

Main problems in majority aviation accidents caused Main problems in majority aviation accidents caused by human factors were failures of interpersonal by human factors were failures of interpersonal relationships, leadership and decision making in relationships, leadership and decision making in cockpitcockpit

Definition expanded by Fire Service, now Definition expanded by Fire Service, now by ARFFby ARFF

ARFF serves as the nucleus, drawing ARFF serves as the nucleus, drawing community together to foster Safety community together to foster Safety Culture and plan for Emergency EventCulture and plan for Emergency Event


ARFF Based Safety CultureARFF Based Safety Culture

Logical role for ARFF – Problem SolversLogical role for ARFF – Problem Solvers No competition in SafetyNo competition in Safety Natural attraction to Fire ServiceNatural attraction to Fire Service

• Culture, equipment, brotherhoodCulture, equipment, brotherhood BenefitsBenefits

• Safer WorkplaceSafer Workplace• Relationships, cooperation, information Relationships, cooperation, information

exchange, reduced injuries, accidents, $$$exchange, reduced injuries, accidents, $$$ Improved Emergency ManagementImproved Emergency Management

Smart???Smart???


ARFF Airfield Response ARFF Airfield Response PlansPlans


Traditional Response ModelTraditional Response ModelIssuesIssues

If we follow aircraft down landing runway, we are If we follow aircraft down landing runway, we are approaching from downwind; we have learned that we want approaching from downwind; we have learned that we want to be upwind from a fireto be upwind from a fire

Approaching aircraft from behind traveling on landing Approaching aircraft from behind traveling on landing runway would require us to pass through debris fieldrunway would require us to pass through debris field

Approaching from the rear of aircraft may require vehicle to Approaching from the rear of aircraft may require vehicle to drive around aircraftdrive around aircraft

• Potential J-TurnPotential J-Turn• Escape slides may be deployedEscape slides may be deployed• Driving off-road may be risky maneuverDriving off-road may be risky maneuver

• Risk Analysis Risk Analysis


Runway IncursionsRunway Incursions Runway Incursion has been Runway Incursion has been

on NTSB’s Most Wanted List on NTSB’s Most Wanted List Since 1990Since 1990

Sixteen (16) ARFF related Sixteen (16) ARFF related runway incursions from runway incursions from January 2006January 2006through April 2007 (FAA through April 2007 (FAA Certalert #07-10 Study) Certalert #07-10 Study)

ICAO and FAA now share ICAO and FAA now share definition of Incursion due to definition of Incursion due to seriousness of issue globallyseriousness of issue globally

ARFF Vehicle Access has been ARFF Vehicle Access has been reduced, yet Familiarity with reduced, yet Familiarity with Runway Needs to be Runway Needs to be MaintainedMaintained


Smart Solutions: Low Risk Airfield Smart Solutions: Low Risk Airfield Training Training

Conduct off peak runway familiarizationConduct off peak runway familiarization

Perform tabletop drills and exercises:Perform tabletop drills and exercises:

• Street Drills: CStreet Drills: Common practice in structural ommon practice in structural fire stationsfire stations

Sit around table and talk through scenarios / Sit around table and talk through scenarios / response routes, conditions, traffic, etc.response routes, conditions, traffic, etc.

• Airfield Communications Exercise: Airfield Communications Exercise: Partner with Partner with ATC personnel and conduct communication ATC personnel and conduct communication exercise for simulated eventexercise for simulated event


New Response Model GoalsNew Response Model Goals

Reduce delays and risksReduce delays and risks• Use of a Discrete Emergency Frequency (DEF) Use of a Discrete Emergency Frequency (DEF)

• Avoidance of primary taxiways favored by the Tower to taxi Avoidance of primary taxiways favored by the Tower to taxi aircraftaircraft

Better accommodate response, size up, and set Better accommodate response, size up, and set upup

Improve Incident Action Plans (IAPs)Improve Incident Action Plans (IAPs)

Avoid high risk airfield locationsAvoid high risk airfield locations


Highest Risk Airfield LocationsHighest Risk Airfield Locations

Avoid “hot spots” identified by the airport, Avoid “hot spots” identified by the airport, particularly in designating standby positionsparticularly in designating standby positions

Avoid areas of radio interference or dead spotsAvoid areas of radio interference or dead spots

Avoid areas that may be impacted by known or Avoid areas that may be impacted by known or suspected aircraft problemsuspected aircraft problem

Identify areas of airfield most likely to become Identify areas of airfield most likely to become actual site of an aircraft incidentactual site of an aircraft incident


Runway Approaches and Departures are Runway Approaches and Departures are High Risk Areas to OccupyHigh Risk Areas to Occupy

ACRP Risk Assessment “Analysis of Aircraft Overruns and ACRP Risk Assessment “Analysis of Aircraft Overruns and Undershoots for Runway Safety Areas” (2008) provides Undershoots for Runway Safety Areas” (2008) provides modeling data and formulas to analyze runway safety areas modeling data and formulas to analyze runway safety areas for airfield response planning and improvement of areasfor airfield response planning and improvement of areas

Airline Pilots Association Report (1997) reported consistent Airline Pilots Association Report (1997) reported consistent overall pattern as illustrated in graphoverall pattern as illustrated in graph


Conclusions: “Smart” Airfield Conclusions: “Smart” Airfield Response PlanningResponse Planning

Re-evaluate existing Airfield response Re-evaluate existing Airfield response routes, procedures and standby positionsroutes, procedures and standby positions

• Utilize airfield characteristics and risk analysisUtilize airfield characteristics and risk analysis Response routes may not be shortest distanceResponse routes may not be shortest distance Consider “hot spots” and dead spotsConsider “hot spots” and dead spots Avoid, when possible, following aircraft down runwayAvoid, when possible, following aircraft down runway

Harmonize with department tactical plansHarmonize with department tactical plans


Problem: Vehicle Stability and Safety Problem: Vehicle Stability and Safety Solution: Advanced Suspension SystemsSolution: Advanced Suspension Systems

ARFF Vehicle Rollovers increasingly disturbing trend:ARFF Vehicle Rollovers increasingly disturbing trend:• 48 between 1977 and 200248 between 1977 and 2002• 27 of those were between 1995 and 200227 of those were between 1995 and 2002

Although change in industry standard for new vehicle Although change in industry standard for new vehicle designs was evolving, retrofit design would be needed for designs was evolving, retrofit design would be needed for thousands of existing ARFF vehiclesthousands of existing ARFF vehicles• New apparatus design includes Independent Suspension New apparatus design includes Independent Suspension

System and other technologies designed to increase stability System and other technologies designed to increase stability versus Solid Axles with Springsversus Solid Axles with Springs

FAA Tech Center conducted Study “Evaluation of Retrofit FAA Tech Center conducted Study “Evaluation of Retrofit ARFF Vehicle Suspension Enhancement to Reduce Vehicle ARFF Vehicle Suspension Enhancement to Reduce Vehicle Rollovers” Rollovers”


Advanced Suspension SystemsAdvanced Suspension Systems

Test Vehicle equipped with outriggers to ensure safetyTest Vehicle equipped with outriggers to ensure safety

Test Results showed that certain dynamic stability suspension systems reduce Test Results showed that certain dynamic stability suspension systems reduce vehicle roll rates and body and chassis deflectionvehicle roll rates and body and chassis deflection

Tilt Table test method used which was guided by SAE J2 180 test proceduresTilt Table test method used which was guided by SAE J2 180 test procedures

At time of study, vehicle tested to 28º established minimum angle on table; At time of study, vehicle tested to 28º established minimum angle on table; standard now revised to 30ºstandard now revised to 30º


Most Effective Tool is Operator Most Effective Tool is Operator TrainingTraining

Lateral G Indicators provide audible and visual Lateral G Indicators provide audible and visual indicators of reduced stabilityindicators of reduced stability

Concern That Superior Ride Quality Diminishes Concern That Superior Ride Quality Diminishes AwarenessAwareness

Driver Training is CriticalDriver Training is Critical• NFPA 1002, Standard for Fire Department Vehicle NFPA 1002, Standard for Fire Department Vehicle

Driver/Operator Professional excellent starting point for Driver/Operator Professional excellent starting point for Lesson PlanLesson Plan

• Areas of concentration for ARFF Operations;Areas of concentration for ARFF Operations; Pump & RollPump & Roll Pump & Roll ReversePump & Roll Reverse Turret Range exercisesTurret Range exercises Aiming exercisesAiming exercises HRETHRET FLIRFLIR Blind operation Blind operation


Problem: Response in Low Visibility ConditionsProblem: Response in Low Visibility ConditionsSolution: Driver’s Enhanced Vision System Solution: Driver’s Enhanced Vision System

(DEVS)(DEVS) In mid 1990’s FAA implemented Surface Movement In mid 1990’s FAA implemented Surface Movement

Guidance Control Systems (SMGCS) to continue flight Guidance Control Systems (SMGCS) to continue flight operations in very low visibilityoperations in very low visibility

Prior to DEVS, three major aviation accidents occurred in Prior to DEVS, three major aviation accidents occurred in low visibility => ARFF response was affectedlow visibility => ARFF response was affected

FAA Advisory Circular 150/5210-19 DEVS provides excellent FAA Advisory Circular 150/5210-19 DEVS provides excellent overview of problem and technology (currently under FAA overview of problem and technology (currently under FAA update)update)

Integrated System comprised of following subsystem Integrated System comprised of following subsystem components:components:• Night Vision => Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) Night Vision => Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) • Navigation => Global Positioning System (GPS)Navigation => Global Positioning System (GPS)• Tracking => Wireless Communication Tracking => Wireless Communication

Smart Use of the Technology Smart Use of the Technology

FLIRFLIR• Heat Signatures / AnomaliesHeat Signatures / Anomalies• Search and RescueSearch and Rescue• Remote OpticsRemote Optics

ARFF Data BaseARFF Data Base



Problem: Faster Extinguishment of Fire Problem: Faster Extinguishment of Fire Solution: High Reach Extendable Turret (HRET) Solution: High Reach Extendable Turret (HRET)

and Piercing Devicesand Piercing Devices FAA Testing compared P-FAA Testing compared P-

19 roof turret with HRET in 19 roof turret with HRET in pooled fuel fire in same pooled fuel fire in same conditions as HPRV attack conditions as HPRV attack mode comparison testsmode comparison tests

Result: HRET in down-in-Result: HRET in down-in-front position extinguished front position extinguished burn area an average of burn area an average of 53% faster53% faster

Revert to training, come in Revert to training, come in low, attack low.low, attack low.


HRET and Piercing TrainingHRET and Piercing Training No standard exists for training No standard exists for training

in HRETs and Piercing Devicesin HRETs and Piercing Devices

ARFF Department needs to ARFF Department needs to develop internal training develop internal training program to qualify and re-program to qualify and re-qualify operatorsqualify operators

Training Officer qualifications Training Officer qualifications must be establishedmust be established

May be necessary to train May be necessary to train operators from two positionsoperators from two positions

Training methods range from Training methods range from basic training aids to full-size basic training aids to full-size cab mock-ups with virtual cab mock-ups with virtual training training


HRET and Piercing Training (cont’d)HRET and Piercing Training (cont’d) Technology available from Technology available from

desktop PC via joysticks desktop PC via joysticks and controls identical to and controls identical to those in vehiclethose in vehicle

Training can be conducted Training can be conducted during:during:

• Daily check out / run up Daily check out / run up using an area marked off using an area marked off by cones and delineatorsby cones and delineators

• ““T-ball competition”T-ball competition”

• Practice using section of Practice using section of tall chain link fence and tall chain link fence and colored ribboncolored ribbon

Obviously best scenario is Obviously best scenario is using aircraft fuselageusing aircraft fuselage


HRET and Piercing Training (cont’d)HRET and Piercing Training (cont’d)

FAA Certalert # 0807 encourages hands on training in use FAA Certalert # 0807 encourages hands on training in use of HRETs with skin penetrating nozzlesof HRETs with skin penetrating nozzles

When HRET purchased with AIP funds, purchase of following When HRET purchased with AIP funds, purchase of following training aids also authorized via AC 150/5220-10D:training aids also authorized via AC 150/5220-10D:• Eight days of training from manufacturerEight days of training from manufacturer• ““Aircraft Skin Penetrating Training Device”Aircraft Skin Penetrating Training Device”• CBT program CBT program


Familiarity with Interior ConfigurationFamiliarity with Interior Configuration

ARFF Personnel should ARFF Personnel should become familiar with become familiar with interior configuration interior configuration of each type of aircraft of each type of aircraft that normally operate that normally operate at airport, Cargo and at airport, Cargo and Air CarrierAir Carrier

Recommended Recommended Piercing Points, Depth Piercing Points, Depth of Penetration, FLIR, of Penetration, FLIR, Handheld PenetratorsHandheld Penetrators


Historical Aviation Accident ReviewHistorical Aviation Accident Review

UPS Airlines Flt. 1307 , PHL, Philadelphia, PAUPS Airlines Flt. 1307 , PHL, Philadelphia, PA

The following information was taken from the “The following information was taken from the “NTSB NTSB Survival Factors/Airport And Emergency Response Group Survival Factors/Airport And Emergency Response Group Chairman’s Factual Report, Docket NO. SA-228 EXHIBIT NO. Chairman’s Factual Report, Docket NO. SA-228 EXHIBIT NO. 16A”16A”

Summary:Summary: On February 7, 2006, at 2359 (EST), a Douglas DC-8-71F, On February 7, 2006, at 2359 (EST), a Douglas DC-8-71F,

N748UP, operated by United Parcel Service Company (UPS) N748UP, operated by United Parcel Service Company (UPS) as flight 1307, landed at Philadelphia International Airport as flight 1307, landed at Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after the crew reported a (PHL), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after the crew reported a cargo smoke indication. The three flight crewmembers cargo smoke indication. The three flight crewmembers were able to evacuate the airplane using the L1 slide. Fire were able to evacuate the airplane using the L1 slide. Fire subsequently caused substantial damage to the airplane subsequently caused substantial damage to the airplane and numerous cargo containers on board. The three and numerous cargo containers on board. The three crewmembers received minor injuries. crewmembers received minor injuries.


UPS Flight 1307UPS Flight 1307


Presented as Excellent Case StudyPresented as Excellent Case Study

There was no loss of life.There was no loss of life.

The incident has been used by the aviation The incident has been used by the aviation industry to highlight the need for ARFF Training industry to highlight the need for ARFF Training on cargo aircraft.on cargo aircraft.

The Philadelphia Fire Department has taken the The Philadelphia Fire Department has taken the lead in effecting change. The PHL Chief has lead in effecting change. The PHL Chief has lectured extensively at ARFF venues to raise lectured extensively at ARFF venues to raise awareness to the lessons learned. PHL has awareness to the lessons learned. PHL has developed a unique database to serve as a developed a unique database to serve as a tactical tool for Incident Commanders, providing tactical tool for Incident Commanders, providing data they needed, but could not obtain on the data they needed, but could not obtain on the day of the incident.day of the incident.


Fire Control TimeFire Control Time

According to the City of Philadelphia Fire According to the City of Philadelphia Fire Department FCC dispatch logs, ARFF arrived at Department FCC dispatch logs, ARFF arrived at the accident site at 2359 local time. the accident site at 2359 local time. A period of A period of 4 hours and 8 minutes elapsed from the 4 hours and 8 minutes elapsed from the initial arrival on scene to the time the initial arrival on scene to the time the incident commander radioed to dispatch for incident commander radioed to dispatch for fire control (e.g., fire under control) (at fire control (e.g., fire under control) (at 0407 local time).0407 local time).

(Editorial Comment) A control period of 4 (Editorial Comment) A control period of 4 hours is the first printed indication that the hours is the first printed indication that the selected tactics were not effective.selected tactics were not effective.


Fire Conditions On-SceneFire Conditions On-SceneWhen ARFF vehicle arrived on-scene, no fire wasWhen ARFF vehicle arrived on-scene, no fire wasvisible, but smoke could be seen coming from the visible, but smoke could be seen coming from the open L1 door and the outflow vent in the tail. The open L1 door and the outflow vent in the tail. The first indication of visible flame came when first indication of visible flame came when firefighters opened the right over wing emergency firefighters opened the right over wing emergency hatchhatch.. Flames were observed rolling on the fuselage ceiling Flames were observed rolling on the fuselage ceiling over the tops of the cargo containers. Smoke began over the tops of the cargo containers. Smoke began emanating from all open exits. All fire was located aft of emanating from all open exits. All fire was located aft of the over wing exits toward the aft bulkhead. Burn through the over wing exits toward the aft bulkhead. Burn through of the fuselage roof occurred at several locations between of the fuselage roof occurred at several locations between the trailing edge of the wing, aft toward the tail.the trailing edge of the wing, aft toward the tail.

(Editorial Comments)(Editorial Comments) No signs of significant fireNo signs of significant fire No blistering of paintNo blistering of paint No visible deformity to the skinNo visible deformity to the skin Based on the smoke report, a containable volume of fireBased on the smoke report, a containable volume of fire First action was to open an over wing hatch which introduced First action was to open an over wing hatch which introduced

oxygenoxygen

A similar level of effort may have been able to secure the A similar level of effort may have been able to secure the open L-1 door, cutting off the source of oxygen. open L-1 door, cutting off the source of oxygen.


Firefighting StrategyFirefighting StrategyThe ARFF units surrounded the airplane and a water The ARFF units surrounded the airplane and a water

attack was ordered. Access to the main cargo area attack was ordered. Access to the main cargo area was obtained via the right over wing doors, and was obtained via the right over wing doors, and an an exterior hand line attack was initiated from this exterior hand line attack was initiated from this location. Turret streams were applied into the location. Turret streams were applied into the R4 doorway while a Snozzle piercing operation R4 doorway while a Snozzle piercing operation was conducted on the left side. was conducted on the left side.

The piercing operation began behind the left aft over The piercing operation began behind the left aft over wing exit, in line with the windows, and continued aft wing exit, in line with the windows, and continued aft toward the tail. The entire operation switched to a toward the tail. The entire operation switched to a foam attack. Eventually hand lines were advanced to foam attack. Eventually hand lines were advanced to the interior of the airplane through the R4 and left the interior of the airplane through the R4 and left side over wing doors until total extinguishment was side over wing doors until total extinguishment was completed.completed.


Firefighting StrategyFirefighting Strategy(Editorial Comments) (Editorial Comments) Streams were not effective in controlling fire, based on Streams were not effective in controlling fire, based on

control time. control time. If water directed to top of the fuselage, of which doors had If water directed to top of the fuselage, of which doors had

been secured, metal could be kept cool. Cool metal does been secured, metal could be kept cool. Cool metal does not melt. not melt.

Reaction to water as it flows over metal is an excellent Reaction to water as it flows over metal is an excellent method of evaluating temperatures inside the aircraft. If method of evaluating temperatures inside the aircraft. If water immediately turns to steam, in an area of the water immediately turns to steam, in an area of the fuselage roof, that is area directly over fire. fuselage roof, that is area directly over fire.

As time goes on and the fire uses available oxygen, As time goes on and the fire uses available oxygen, amount of heat on fuselage roof should diminish and size amount of heat on fuselage roof should diminish and size of heated area of fuselage may diminish (good indicator of of heated area of fuselage may diminish (good indicator of effectiveness).effectiveness).

As outside resources arrive, aerial platform could be As outside resources arrive, aerial platform could be positioned to monitor activity and report conditions to positioned to monitor activity and report conditions to Command Post. Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC) would be Command Post. Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC) would be excellent tool to be used in monitoring position.excellent tool to be used in monitoring position.


Hazmat Information ExchangeHazmat Information Exchange

Multiple Efforts / Conflicting InfoMultiple Efforts / Conflicting Info• Unable to locate NOTOCUnable to locate NOTOC• Firefighter threw NOTC out of Aircraft ??Firefighter threw NOTC out of Aircraft ??• UPS kept some of the contents, passed UPS kept some of the contents, passed

on the rest?on the rest?• Ops tried to flag down Ops tried to flag down UPS Officials.UPS Officials.

Would CRM and ongoingWould CRM and ongoingRelationships have helped?Relationships have helped?


Hazmat Information ExchangeHazmat Information Exchange

(Editorial Comments) (Editorial Comments)

Hazmat onboard was not a significant hazard to Hazmat onboard was not a significant hazard to responders or the airport community.responders or the airport community.

There was a greater danger created by the burning There was a greater danger created by the burning of aircraft components than by what might have of aircraft components than by what might have been onboard. been onboard.

The report would seem to indicate that a significant The report would seem to indicate that a significant level of effort and time was committed to tracking level of effort and time was committed to tracking down the NOTOC. down the NOTOC.

The conflicting reports would seem to suggest that The conflicting reports would seem to suggest that all information was not being routed through the all information was not being routed through the Command Post Command Post


Water SupplyWater Supply

IC sent Ops to locate closest hydrant.IC sent Ops to locate closest hydrant. Police sent officer to check for Police sent officer to check for

hydrant locations on Hog Island Road hydrant locations on Hog Island Road as back up.as back up.• Technology, Training, Planning, Technology, Training, Planning,

ExperienceExperience


Technology with Potential Benefits to Technology with Potential Benefits to IncidentIncident

DEVS / Airport Data Base would have DEVS / Airport Data Base would have identified closest hydrant locations identified closest hydrant locations

Working FLIR Cameras would have helped Working FLIR Cameras would have helped to locate hot spotsto locate hot spots

DEVS of Mobile Data Terminals (MDTs) DEVS of Mobile Data Terminals (MDTs) would have provided accurate crash chart would have provided accurate crash chart for aircraftfor aircraft

Proficiency in operation of Snozzle would Proficiency in operation of Snozzle would have improved piercing attempthave improved piercing attempt


Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach”Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach” Lesson 1: Emergency PreparednessLesson 1: Emergency Preparedness

CRM – Teambuilding – Safety Partnerships CRM – Teambuilding – Safety Partnerships provides ARFF with a support system, provides ARFF with a support system, communications systems, resource communications systems, resource sources, and an attitude of cooperation. sources, and an attitude of cooperation.

AEPs, SOP’s, agreements and AEPs, SOP’s, agreements and understandings all developed through the understandings all developed through the same methods with buy in from the same methods with buy in from the stakeholders. All of this translates into stakeholders. All of this translates into success at the CP.success at the CP.


Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach”Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach” Lesson 2: Technology IntegrationLesson 2: Technology Integration

MDT’s, DEVS or CP Fixed Equipment.MDT’s, DEVS or CP Fixed Equipment.• Aircraft Crash Charts, Configurations, PX Aircraft Crash Charts, Configurations, PX

or Cargo, Piercing Points, ERG’sor Cargo, Piercing Points, ERG’s FLIR / HRET & Hand Held Piercing FLIR / HRET & Hand Held Piercing

ToolsTools Tools / Technology / Training = Tools / Technology / Training =

ProficiencyProficiency Interoperability of Mutual Aid & Interoperability of Mutual Aid &

TechnologyTechnology


Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach”Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach” Lesson 3: TrainingLesson 3: Training

ARFF is a Highly Specialized Fire Fighting SpecialtyARFF is a Highly Specialized Fire Fighting Specialty

Any Dept or Group that takes part in Airport Emergency Plan Any Dept or Group that takes part in Airport Emergency Plan should have ARFF Trainingshould have ARFF Training

Never forget Original Training which provided basic skill setsNever forget Original Training which provided basic skill sets


Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach”Lessons Learned in “Smart Approach” Lesson 4: Maintain “Smart Approach”!Lesson 4: Maintain “Smart Approach”!

Pressure from others who Pressure from others who don’t understand ARFF don’t understand ARFF methods can influence us methods can influence us to make decisions to make decisions different than those different than those guided by our trainingguided by our training

Bottom Line is that we Bottom Line is that we must bemust be::• Well PreparedWell Prepared• Well TrainedWell Trained• Confident in our skillsConfident in our skills


““Aviation in itself is not inherently dangerous, but Aviation in itself is not inherently dangerous, but to an even greater extent than the sea, it is to an even greater extent than the sea, it is terribly unforgiving of any carelessness, incapacity terribly unforgiving of any carelessness, incapacity or neglect.”or neglect.”

C.R. SmithC.R. Smith


Questions? Questions?

This presentation and the paper from This presentation and the paper from which it was derived, as well as all which it was derived, as well as all referenced documents, are available referenced documents, are available on my company website: on my company website:

www.APSSafety.netwww.APSSafety.net

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