arguments against incineration and other thermal destruction processes arguments against...
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Arguments against Arguments against incineration and other thermal incineration and other thermal
destruction processesdestruction processes
Dr Paul ConnettDr Paul ConnettProfessore Emerito di ChimicaProfessore Emerito di Chimica
St Lawrence University, Canton, NYSt Lawrence University, Canton, NY
pconnettpconnett@@gmailgmail.com.com
www.www.AmericanHealthStudiesAmericanHealthStudies.org.org
www.www.FluorideALERTFluorideALERT.org.org
Napoli, Feb 19, 2009Napoli, Feb 19, 2009
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•Grazie a Rossano Ercolini Grazie a Rossano Ercolini (Ambiente e Futuro)(Ambiente e Futuro) per avere organizzato per avere organizzato la mia # 39 visita in Italia la mia # 39 visita in Italia
Rossano Ercolini Rossano Ercolini
AmbienteAmbientefuturofuturo@[email protected]
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la crisi globale:la crisi globale:
Dalla Rivoluzione Dalla Rivoluzione Industriale noi Industriale noi abbiamo abbiamo imposto una imposto una civiltà civiltà linearelineare su un pianeta che su un pianeta che funziona in modo funziona in modo circolarecircolare
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una civiltà lineareuna civiltà lineare
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Estrazione Estrazione
una civilta lineareuna civilta lineare
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Estrazione Estrazione ProduzioneProduzione
una civilta lineareuna civilta lineare
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Estrazione Estrazione ProduzioneProduzioneConsumoConsumo
una civilta lineareuna civilta lineare
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Estrazione Estrazione ProduzioneProduzioneConsumoConsumo rifiutirifiuti
una civilta lineareuna civilta lineare
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Estrazione Estrazione ProduzioneProduzioneConsumoConsumo rifiutirifiuti
pubblicità/TVpubblicità/TV
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Troppa pubblicita’Troppa pubblicita’produceproduceTroppo consumoTroppo consumo
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All’età di 16 anni i ragazzi di oggi hanno già guardato
oltre 350.000 spot pubblicitari.
Paul Hawken The Ecology of Commerce
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Illusione invece di Illusione invece di realta’realta’ L’illusione: L’illusione:
piu’ consumi piu’ sei felicepiu’ consumi piu’ sei felice La realta’:La realta’:
piu’ consumi piu’ diventi piu’ consumi piu’ diventi grasso! grasso!
… … e piu’ rifiuti producie piu’ rifiuti produci
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UomoUomo
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Uomo moderno!Uomo moderno!
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
ENERGIAENERGIA
una civiltà lineareuna civiltà lineare
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA
una civiltà lineareuna civiltà lineare
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA
una civiltà lineareuna civiltà lineare
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA
una civiltà lineareuna civiltà lineare
ENERGIAENERGIA
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA
una civiltà lineareuna civiltà lineare
ENERGIAENERGIA
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA
una civiltà lineareuna civiltà lineare
ENERGIAENERGIA
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il riscaldamento il riscaldamento globale del pianetaglobale del pianeta
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EstrazioneEstrazione didi
materiematerieprimeprime
Produzione Produzione didi
oggettioggettiConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
ENERGYENERGY ENERGYENERGY
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
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EstrazioneEstrazione didi
materiematerieprimeprime
Produzione Produzione didi
oggettioggettiConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
ENERGYENERGY ENERGYENERGY
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
How do waste handling practicesHow do waste handling practices change this situation?change this situation?
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA ENERGIAENERGIA
DISCARICHEDISCARICHE
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA ENERGIAENERGIA
INCENERIMENTOINCENERIMENTO
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA ENERGIAENERGIA
RICICLAGGIO DI MATERIALIRICICLAGGIO DI MATERIALI
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA ENERGIAENERGIA
RIUSO DI OGGETTIRIUSO DI OGGETTI
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
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Estrazione diEstrazione dimateriematerieprimeprime
Produzione diProduzione dioggettioggetti ConsumoConsumo RifiutiRifiuti
Rifiuti SolidiRifiuti Solidi
Inquinamento dell’ariaInquinamento dell’aria
Inquinamento dell’acquaInquinamento dell’acqua
Anidride carbonicaAnidride carbonica
ENERGIAENERGIA ENERGIAENERGIA
COMPOSTAGGIOCOMPOSTAGGIO
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMING
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COMPOSTAGGIOCOMPOSTAGGIO
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L’ incinerimentoL’ incinerimento non non èè una Soluzione una Soluzione
SostenibileSostenibile
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L’ incinerimento L’ incinerimento E’ uno spreco di denaro pubblico E’ uno spreco di denaro pubblico E’ uno spreco di preziose risorse materialiE’ uno spreco di preziose risorse materiali E’ uno spreco di energiaE’ uno spreco di energia E’ una perdita di un’opportunita’ di E’ una perdita di un’opportunita’ di
combattere il riscaldamento globale del combattere il riscaldamento globale del pianetapianeta
Gli inceneritori producono ceneri tossicheGli inceneritori producono ceneri tossiche Gli inceneritori producono emissioni Gli inceneritori producono emissioni
tossiche nell’atmosferatossiche nell’atmosfera Esistono alternativeEsistono alternative
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L’ incinerimento L’ incinerimento e’ e’ uno spreco di denaro uno spreco di denaro
pubblicopubblico
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Il “termovalorizzatore” di Il “termovalorizzatore” di BresciaBrescia
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L’inceneritore di L’inceneritore di Brescia e’ costato Brescia e’ costato 300,000,000300,000,000 Euro e ha Euro e ha creato soltanto creato soltanto 8080 posti di lavoro!posti di lavoro!
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Nuova Scozia (Canada)Nuova Scozia (Canada)
50% dei rifiuti sottratto alle 50% dei rifiuti sottratto alle discariche in 5 anni discariche in 5 anni (Halifax ~ 60%)(Halifax ~ 60%)
1000 posti di lavoro1000 posti di lavoro creati dall’aprile creati dall’aprile 1996 1996
Altri 2000 posti di lavoroAltri 2000 posti di lavoro creati in creati in industrie che usano i materiali industrie che usano i materiali separatiseparati
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L’ incinerimento L’ incinerimento e’ e’ uno spreco di energiauno spreco di energia
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Recupero di Energia: Recupero di Energia: RiciclaggioRiciclaggio contro contro incenerimentoincenerimento (ICF consulting, 2005)(ICF consulting, 2005)
10.9 X4.7652.09altre plastiche
26.4 X3.2285.16PET
10.2 X6.3064.27HDPE
4.2 X2.259.49Carta mista
Energia in più recuperata con il riciclaggioconfrontatacon l’incenerimento
Energia prodotta con l’incenerimentoproducendo energia elettrica
Energia salvatacon il riciclaggo
materiali
GigaJoules/tonne
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L’ incinerimento L’ incinerimento e’ e’ una perdita di una perdita di
un’opportunita’ di un’opportunita’ di combattere il combattere il
riscaldamento globale riscaldamento globale del pianetadel pianeta
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Kg di gas-serra/tonnellata Rifiuti Kg di gas-serra/tonnellata Rifiuti UrbaniUrbani
-10Incenerimento producendo energia elettrica
46 X
-461Riciclaggio e compostaggio
Waste Management Options and Climate Change, AEA 2001
Slide from Attilio TornavaccaSlide from Attilio Tornavacca
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Gli inceneritori Gli inceneritori producono ceneri producono ceneri tossichetossiche
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Per ogni Per ogni 3-4 T3-4 T di di rifiutirifiuti si ottiene si ottiene
circacirca 1 T1 T di di cenericeneri
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CADUTA
CAMERA SECONDARIA
TURBINA
BOLLITORE
ELETTRICITA’
VAPORE
RIFIUTI
TEMP< 200oC
SEMI-DRYSCRUBBER
FABRIC FILTER
WET SCRUBBER
DE-NOX
ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL
Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION
AMMONIAINJECTION
GRIGLIE
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CADUTA
CAMERA SECONDARIA
TURBINA
BOLLITORE
ELETTRICITA’
VAPORE
RIFIUTI
CENERI DEPOSITATE
TEMP< 200oC
SEMI-DRYSCRUBBER
FABRIC FILTER
WET SCRUBBER
DE-NOX
ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL
Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION
AMMONIAINJECTION
GRIGLIE
90%90%
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CADUTA
CAMERA SECONDARIA
TURBINA
BOLLITORE
ELETTRICITA’
VAPORE
RIFIUTI
CENERI DEPOSITATE CENERI VOLATILI
TEMP< 200oC
SEMI-DRYSCRUBBER
FABRIC FILTER
WET SCRUBBER
DE-NOX
ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL
Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION
AMMONIAINJECTION
GRIGLIE
90%90% 10%10%
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La Gestione delle La Gestione delle Ceneri TossicheCeneri Tossiche
La Germania e la Svizzera mettono le La Germania e la Svizzera mettono le ceneri volatili dentro sacchetti di nylon ceneri volatili dentro sacchetti di nylon messi in miniere di salemessi in miniere di sale
In Giappone alcuni inceneritori In Giappone alcuni inceneritori vetrificano le cenerivetrificano le ceneri
In Danimarca…In Danimarca… Le spediscono tutte in NorvegiaLe spediscono tutte in Norvegia Italia ????Italia ????
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Gli inceneritori Gli inceneritori producono producono emissioni tossiche nell’atmosfera
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Emissioni tossiche nell’atmosfera
CO2 + H2O
GAS ACIDI:HCI, HF, SO2
NOx
metalli tossicimetalli tossici :Pb, Cd, Hg, etc
diossine diossine e furanie furani
NANONANOPARTICELLEPARTICELLE
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La misuraLa misuradelle particelle delle particelle
regolateregolatenell’ emissionenell’ emissione
dell’dell’inceneritoreinceneritorenanoparticellenanoparticelle
2.52.5
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I pericoli delle I pericoli delle nanoparticellenanoparticelle
Le nanoparticelle non sono Le nanoparticelle non sono catturate in modo efficiente dai catturate in modo efficiente dai filtri di depurazione filtri di depurazione dell’inceneritoredell’inceneritore
Viaggiano a lunghe distanzeViaggiano a lunghe distanze Restano in sospensione per un Restano in sospensione per un
periodo di tempo prolungatoperiodo di tempo prolungato
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SANGUESANGUE
Le Le nanoparticelle nanoparticelle sono così piccolesono così piccole
che possono che possono facilmente facilmente attraversareattraversare
le membranele membrane dei polmonidei polmoni
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Nano PatologiaNano Patologia
Una volta che le Una volta che le nanoparticelle sono nanoparticelle sono nel sangue nel sangue
possono possono attraversare le attraversare le membrane membrane
di ogni tessutodi ogni tessuto
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Nano PatologiaNano Patologia
le nanoparticelle le nanoparticelle
possono attraversare possono attraversare
la barriera sanguigna la barriera sanguigna
del cervellodel cervello
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Aggregati di PiomboAggregati di Piombo, , BarioBario, , CromoCromo, , FerroFerro ee SilicioSilicio nelnel
CervelloCervello..
www.stefanomontanari.net
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Diossina e Diossina e IncenerimentoIncenerimento
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Diossine:Diossine: maggiori maggiori preoccupazioni per la salutepreoccupazioni per la salute
• Le diossine si accumulano nel grasso animale.Le diossine si accumulano nel grasso animale.• Un litro Un litro di latte di muccadi latte di mucca dà la stessa dose di dà la stessa dose di
diossina quanta ne assumeremmo respirando diossina quanta ne assumeremmo respirando aria vicino ad una mucca per aria vicino ad una mucca per OTTOOTTO MESIMESI (Connett (Connett and Webster, 1987). and Webster, 1987).
• Le diossine si Le diossine si accumulanoaccumulano nel grasso del corpo nel grasso del corpo umano.umano.
• L’uomo non può espellerle MA una donna puo…L’uomo non può espellerle MA una donna puo…• … … avendo un bambino!avendo un bambino!
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Diossina: la maggiore Diossina: la maggiore dose va al fetodose va al feto
In nove mesi In nove mesi molta molta diossina diossina accumulata in accumulata in 20-30 anni nel 20-30 anni nel grasso della grasso della madre va al madre va al fetofeto
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La diossina interferisce con La diossina interferisce con il feto e con lo sviluppo il feto e con lo sviluppo infantileinfantile
o Le diossine distruggono almeno sei Le diossine distruggono almeno sei sistemi ormonali:sistemi ormonali:
o gli ormoni dell’identità sessuale gli ormoni dell’identità sessuale di di maschio e femminamaschio e femmina
o gli ormoni della tiroidegli ormoni della tiroideo insulina e altri.insulina e altri.
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•
Our Stolen Future Our Stolen Future (Il Nostro Futuro Rubato)(Il Nostro Futuro Rubato)
Come le sostanze chimiche Come le sostanze chimiche prodotte dall’uomo minacciano prodotte dall’uomo minacciano la nostra fertilità, intelligenza e la nostra fertilità, intelligenza e sopravvivenzasopravvivenza
Theo Colborn, John Peterson Theo Colborn, John Peterson Myers and Dianne Myers and Dianne Dumanoski, 1994Dumanoski, 1994
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Developmental Effects of Developmental Effects of DioxinsDioxins
Linda S. BirnbaumLinda S. Birnbaum
Health Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA Health Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA
Environmental Health PerspectivesEnvironmental Health Perspectives,,
103103: 89-94, 1995: 89-94, 1995
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The most worrying The most worrying environmental environmental pollutants are those pollutants are those which cause a subtle which cause a subtle shift in the whole shift in the whole populationpopulation
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IQ and populationIQ and population
100
Number of KidsWith a
Specific IQ
IQ
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IQ and populationIQ and population
95 100
Number of KidsWith a
Specific IQ
IQ
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IQ and populationIQ and population
Very BrightMentallyhandicapped
100
Number of KidsWith a
Specific IQ
IQ
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IQ and populationIQ and population
Very BrightMentallyhandicapped
95 100
Number of KidsWith a
Specific IQ
IQ
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Institute of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 20032003
Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in the Food Supplyin the Food Supply
Strategies to Decrease ExposureStrategies to Decrease Exposure
July 1, 2003July 1, 2003
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Institute of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 20032003 ““Fetuses and breastfeeding infants Fetuses and breastfeeding infants
may be at particular risk from may be at particular risk from exposure to dioxin like compounds exposure to dioxin like compounds (DLCs) due to their potential to cause (DLCs) due to their potential to cause adverse adverse neurodevelopmentalneurodevelopmental, , neurobehavioralneurobehavioral, and , and immune immune systemsystem effects effects in developing in developing systems…”systems…”
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Institute of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 20032003 “…“…The committee recommends that The committee recommends that
the government place a the government place a high public high public health priorityhealth priority on reducing DLC on reducing DLC intakes by girls and young women intakes by girls and young women in in the years well before pregnancy is the years well before pregnancy is likely to occur.”likely to occur.”
““(by) (by) Substituting low-fat or skim Substituting low-fat or skim milk, for whole milk, milk, for whole milk, (and)…(and)… foods foods lower in animal fat…”lower in animal fat…”
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“Anche rendendo sicuro sicuro l’incenerimentol’incenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata.
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“Anche rendendo sicuro sicuro l’incenerimentol’incenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata.Semplicemente non ha senso spendere così tanti soldi
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“Anche rendendo sicuro sicuro l’incenerimentol’incenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata.Semplicemente non ha senso spendere così tanti soldiper distruggere risorse che dovremmoRISPARMIARE per il futuroRISPARMIARE per il futuro.”(PC)
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L’inceneritore moderno e’ un L’inceneritore moderno e’ un tentativo di perfezionare una tentativo di perfezionare una pessima idea.pessima idea.
Il nostro compito nel 21esimo Il nostro compito nel 21esimo secolo è non tanto quello di secolo è non tanto quello di trovare modi migliori per trovare modi migliori per distruggere i materiali di scartodistruggere i materiali di scarto
Quanto arrestare la produzione di Quanto arrestare la produzione di imballaggi e di prodotti che imballaggi e di prodotti che devono essere distrutti!devono essere distrutti!
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““The road to hell is The road to hell is pavedpaved
With good intentions”With good intentions”
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““The road to hell is The road to hell is pavedpaved
With good intentions”With good intentions”
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““The road to hell is The road to hell is pavedpaved
With good intentions”With good intentions”
ininvventions!”entions!”
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Plasma arc plantsPlasma arc plants are part of family of technologies are part of family of technologies competing with mass burn incinerators (gasification, competing with mass burn incinerators (gasification, pyrolysis and plasma arc/torch) with very little pyrolysis and plasma arc/torch) with very little proven commercial track recordproven commercial track record
All claim NOT to be incinerators, but all involve two All claim NOT to be incinerators, but all involve two stages: stages:
1) the conversion of solid waste into a gas, 1) the conversion of solid waste into a gas, 2) the burning of the gas, producing many of the 2) the burning of the gas, producing many of the
same problems as a regular incinerator same problems as a regular incinerator So the more appropriate names would be:So the more appropriate names would be: Gasifying Gasifying incineratorincinerator PyrolyzingPyrolyzing incinerator incinerator Plasma arcPlasma arc incinerator incinerator
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PLASMA ARC TECHNOLOGY
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CHUTE
SECONDARYCHAMBER
TURBINE
BOILER
ELECTRICITY
STEAM
TRASH
BOTTOM ASH FLY ASH
TEMP< 200oC
SEMI-DRYSCRUBBER
FABRIC FILTER
WET SCRUBBER
DE-NOX
ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL
Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION
AMMONIAINJECTION
GRATES
For every 3-4 tons of trash you get about one ton of ashFor every 3-4 tons of trash you get about one ton of ash
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Confronto tra Confronto tra incenerimento con incenerimento con torcia al plasma torcia al plasma e inceneritori e inceneritori di massadi massa Incenerimento di massaIncenerimento di massa Ha bisogno di poca energia Ha bisogno di poca energia
per bruciareper bruciare L’energia prodotta e’ usata L’energia prodotta e’ usata
per generare elettricita’per generare elettricita’ I fumi vengono puliti I fumi vengono puliti dopodopo
che sono stati bruciati che sono stati bruciati Produce ceneri pesantiProduce ceneri pesanti Produce ceneri leggereProduce ceneri leggere Rilascia pericolose Rilascia pericolose
nanoparticelle nell’aria nanoparticelle nell’aria
Torcia al plasmaTorcia al plasma Ha bisogno di un’ enorme Ha bisogno di un’ enorme
quantita’ di energia per quantita’ di energia per alimentare la torciaalimentare la torcia
Produce poca energia Produce poca energia I gas vengono pulitiI gas vengono puliti prima di prima di
essere bruciatiessere bruciati Produce fanghi vetrificatiProduce fanghi vetrificati Produce ceneri leggereProduce ceneri leggere Rilascia pericolose Rilascia pericolose
nanoparticelle nell’ariananoparticelle nell’aria
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Paragone tra Paragone tra Torcia al plasmaTorcia al plasma con l’incenerimento di massa con l’incenerimento di massa
Incenerimento di massaIncenerimento di massa NON SOSTENIBILENON SOSTENIBILE Perche’ distrugge Perche’ distrugge
risorse di materiali risorse di materiali limitatelimitate
Torcia al plasmaTorcia al plasma NON SOSTENIBILENON SOSTENIBILE Perche’ distrugge risorse Perche’ distrugge risorse
di materiali limitatedi materiali limitate
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Incenerimento conIncenerimento con Torcia al Torcia al plasmaplasma - -problemi praticiproblemi pratici Il problema con tutte le tecnologie di Il problema con tutte le tecnologie di
gassificazione aumentano se si passa da gassificazione aumentano se si passa da progetti pilota su piccola scala a progetti progetti pilota su piccola scala a progetti industriali su scala commerciale.industriali su scala commerciale.
Facendo funzionare la Torcia al plasma 24 ore Facendo funzionare la Torcia al plasma 24 ore al giorno con I rifiuti ad altissime temperature al giorno con I rifiuti ad altissime temperature logora la coibentazione della fornace che di logora la coibentazione della fornace che di conseguenza ha bisogno di continuo ripristino. conseguenza ha bisogno di continuo ripristino.
““La pulizia dei gas” suona piu’ semplice di La pulizia dei gas” suona piu’ semplice di quanto sia veramente. In un inceneritore quanto sia veramente. In un inceneritore convenzionale il costo del controllo del sistema convenzionale il costo del controllo del sistema di trattamento dei fumi costa piu’ della meta’ di trattamento dei fumi costa piu’ della meta’ del costo complessivo dell’impianto.del costo complessivo dell’impianto.
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CHUTE
SECONDARYCHAMBER
TURBINE
BOILER
ELECTRICITY
STEAM
TRASH
BOTTOM ASH FLY ASH
TEMP< 200oC
SEMI-DRYSCRUBBER
FABRIC FILTER
WET SCRUBBER
DE-NOX
ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL
Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION
AMMONIAINJECTION
GRATES
Ogni 3-4 ton di rifiuti ottieni circa 1 ton di ceneriOgni 3-4 ton di rifiuti ottieni circa 1 ton di ceneri
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IncenerimentoIncenerimento con Torcia al con Torcia al plasmaplasma - - chimici constraintschimici constraints
Non c’e’ magia che annulli la chimica di base.Non c’e’ magia che annulli la chimica di base. Quello che entra = quello che esceQuello che entra = quello che esce Abbiamo bisogno di attenti studi di bilanci di massa per Abbiamo bisogno di attenti studi di bilanci di massa per
vedere dove finiscono il vedere dove finiscono il mmercurio, l’arsenico, il mmercurio, l’arsenico, il cadmio, il piombo, il cloro, il fluoro, e il bromo cadmio, il piombo, il cloro, il fluoro, e il bromo :nei :nei fanghi, nei prodotti metallici, nelle ceneri leggere o fanghi, nei prodotti metallici, nelle ceneri leggere o nell’aria. nell’aria.
Il problema finale riguarda la tematica delle Il problema finale riguarda la tematica delle nanoparticlesnanoparticles. Al momento queste . Al momento queste non vengono ne’ non vengono ne’ regolamentate, ne monitorateregolamentate, ne monitorate ma hanno delle ma hanno delle conseguenze sulla salute molto gravi..conseguenze sulla salute molto gravi..
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PLASCOPLASCO
Has built a 100 ton per day pilot Has built a 100 ton per day pilot plant in Ottawa, Canadaplant in Ottawa, Canada
Is aggressively marketing Is aggressively marketing technology all over Canada, US technology all over Canada, US and some other countriesand some other countries
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PLASCOPLASCO
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
GasGas
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
GasGas
SolidSolid
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
GasGas
SolidSolid
Vitrified slagVitrified slag
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
GasGas
SolidSolid
Vitrified slagVitrified slag
External External energyenergy
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
Gas Gas CoolingCooling
&&CleaningCleaning
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
GasGas
InternalInternalCombustionCombustion
engineengine
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
Gas Gas CoolingCooling
&&CleaningCleaning
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
GasGas
FFLLAARREE
When combustion enginesWhen combustion enginesnot workingnot working
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SolidSolid convertedconverted
to gasto gas
Gas Gas CoolingCooling
&&CleaningCleaning
PLASCOPLASCO
At aboutAt about 600 -700 deg. C600 -700 deg. C
GasGas
InternalInternalCombustionCombustion
engineengine
??
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GAS Cooling & CleaningGAS Cooling & Cleaning
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HeatHeatRecoveryRecovery
unitunit
HeatHeat
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NaOH NaOH solutionsolution
NaClNaClNaFNaFNaBrNaBr
NaCN ?NaCN ?
HeatHeatRecoveryRecovery
unitunit
HeatHeat
WetWetScrubberScrubber
““Salt” + waterSalt” + water
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NaOH NaOH solutionsolution
NaClNaClNaFNaFNaBrNaBr
NaCN ?NaCN ?
HeatHeatRecoveryRecovery
unitunit
HeatHeat
WetWetScrubberScrubber
““Salt” + waterSalt” + water
ActivatedActivated CarbonCarbon
Carbon Carbon + mercury+ mercury+ dioxins+ dioxins
etcetc
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NaOH NaOH solutionsolution
NaClNaClNaFNaFNaBrNaBr
NaCN ?NaCN ?
HeatHeatRecoveryRecovery
unitunit
HeatHeat
WetWetScrubberScrubber
““Salt” + waterSalt” + water
ActivatedActivated CarbonCarbon
Carbon Carbon + mercury+ mercury+ dioxins+ dioxins
etcetc
CarbonCarbonFilterFilterPlusPlus
bacteriabacteria
SulfurSulfur
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NaOH NaOH solutionsolution
NaClNaClNaFNaFNaBrNaBr
NaCN ?NaCN ?
HeatHeatRecoveryRecovery
unitunit
HeatHeat
WetWetScrubberScrubber
““Salt” + waterSalt” + water
ActivatedActivated CarbonCarbon
Carbon Carbon + mercury+ mercury+ dioxins+ dioxins
etcetc
CarbonCarbonFilterFilterPlusPlus
bacteriabacteria
SulfurSulfur
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PLASCO CEO Rod PLASCO CEO Rod Bryden says:Bryden says: 1) Filter ash goes back into 1) Filter ash goes back into
furnace.furnace. 2) System produces no dioxin 2) System produces no dioxin
because no oxygen available.because no oxygen available. 3) System destroys nanoparticles.3) System destroys nanoparticles.
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Recycling fly ashRecycling fly ash
Modern incinerators use carbon filters to Modern incinerators use carbon filters to remove mercuryremove mercury
This carbon is part of the fly ashThis carbon is part of the fly ash If you put the fly ash back into the If you put the fly ash back into the
furnace you will release ALL the mercury furnace you will release ALL the mercury againagain
There is only place left for the mercury to There is only place left for the mercury to go (and other volatile metals) and that is go (and other volatile metals) and that is into the AIR.into the AIR.
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No dioxin because no No dioxin because no airair
There is plenty of air in incoming There is plenty of air in incoming waste!waste!
Dioxin emitted in other plasma Dioxin emitted in other plasma arc facilitiesarc facilities
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Yang & Kim (2004).Yang & Kim (2004). Characteristics of dioxins Characteristics of dioxins and metals emission from radwaste plasma and metals emission from radwaste plasma arc melter system. arc melter system. Chemosphere 57: 421-428Chemosphere 57: 421-428
When PVC was fed into the high-temperature When PVC was fed into the high-temperature melter, a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs, melter, a significant quantity of PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead was emitted.cadmium and lead was emitted.
Wet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well Wet scrubbing with rapid quenching, as well as a low temperature two-step fine filtration, as a low temperature two-step fine filtration, or both of them together or both of them together cannot cannot effectively effectively control the volatile metal species and gas-control the volatile metal species and gas-phase PCDD/Fs.phase PCDD/Fs.
The removal of PVC from the feed waste The removal of PVC from the feed waste stream must also be effective to reduce the stream must also be effective to reduce the emissions of the PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead emissions of the PCDD/Fs, cadmium and lead species.species.
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The difference The difference between PR hype and between PR hype and RealityReality
The following slides are taken The following slides are taken from from www.GREENACTION.orgwww.GREENACTION.org
They document the dismal track They document the dismal track record of various gasification, record of various gasification, pyrolysis and plasma arc/torch pyrolysis and plasma arc/torch facilitiesfacilities
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INDUSTRIAL CLAIMS
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THERMOSELECT FACILITY IN KARLSRUHE
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BRIGHTSTAR’S WOOLONGONG FACILITY
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RICHLAND, WASHINGTON
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PEAT also claims that they PEAT also claims that they will have no fly ash will have no fly ash because they are going to because they are going to recycle it back into the recycle it back into the process.process.
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PEAT international PEAT international facility proposed for facility proposed for Anderson, Indiana, Anderson, Indiana, rejected by Mayor and rejected by Mayor and Council, Jan 2009Council, Jan 2009
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GASIFICATION, GASIFICATION, PYROLYSIS etcPYROLYSIS etc
Engineering consultants’ view:Engineering consultants’ view: ““Many of the perceived benefits of Many of the perceived benefits of
gasification and pyrolysis over combustion gasification and pyrolysis over combustion technology proved to be unfounded. These technology proved to be unfounded. These perceptions have arisen mainly from perceptions have arisen mainly from inconsistent comparisons in the absence of inconsistent comparisons in the absence of quality information.”quality information.”
Fichtner Consulting Engineers Ltd, Stockport, Fichtner Consulting Engineers Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, March, 2004Cheshire, March, 2004
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Lurgi letterLurgi letter “…“…a decision has been taken within Lurgi to a decision has been taken within Lurgi to
discontinue marketing gasification and pyrolysis discontinue marketing gasification and pyrolysis technologies for waste conversion applications.technologies for waste conversion applications.
This decision has come after rigorous analysis of This decision has come after rigorous analysis of market requirements, technical feasibility and market requirements, technical feasibility and economic sensitivities of gasification and pyrolysis economic sensitivities of gasification and pyrolysis of waste, as applied by Lurgi and our competitors. of waste, as applied by Lurgi and our competitors.
We recognize there is a positive bias towards We recognize there is a positive bias towards gasification/pyrolysis amongst politicians and gasification/pyrolysis amongst politicians and environmentalists. However, we are in no doubt environmentalists. However, we are in no doubt that in the short to medium term neither that in the short to medium term neither technology will be developed and commercially technology will be developed and commercially proven to the point where it can compete.”proven to the point where it can compete.”
Letter (08-09-2003) to Fichter Consulting Engineers Ltd, Cheshire, Letter (08-09-2003) to Fichter Consulting Engineers Ltd, Cheshire, UKUK
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“Anche rendendo sicuro sicuro l’incenerimentol’incenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata.
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“Anche rendendo sicuro sicuro l’incenerimentol’incenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata.Semplicemente non ha senso spendere così tanti soldi
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“Anche rendendo sicuro sicuro l’incenerimentol’incenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata.Semplicemente non ha senso spendere così tanti soldiper distruggere risorse che dovremmoRISPARMIARE per il futuroRISPARMIARE per il futuro.”(PC)
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EPOCHE DIVERSE ESIGONO EPOCHE DIVERSE ESIGONO DOMANDE DIVERSEDOMANDE DIVERSE
20esimo SECOLO20esimo SECOLO
GESTIONE DEI GESTIONE DEI RIFIUTIRIFIUTI
“ “ Come ci liberiamo Come ci liberiamo dei nostri rifiuti in dei nostri rifiuti in
modo efficace e con modo efficace e con il minimo danno per il minimo danno per
la nostra salute e la nostra salute e l’ambiente?”l’ambiente?”
21esimo SECOLO21esimo SECOLO
GESTIONE DELLE GESTIONE DELLE RISORSERISORSE
“ “ Come trattiamo le Come trattiamo le risorse che si stanno risorse che si stanno
esaurendo in modo da esaurendo in modo da non privare le non privare le
generazioni future di generazioni future di una parte se non del una parte se non del loro intero valore?”loro intero valore?”
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EPOCHE DIVERSE ESIGONO EPOCHE DIVERSE ESIGONO DOMANDE DIVERSEDOMANDE DIVERSE
20esimo SECOLO20esimo SECOLO
GESTIONE DEI GESTIONE DEI RIFIUTIRIFIUTI
“ “ How do we get rid How do we get rid of our waste of our waste
efficiently with efficiently with minimum damage to minimum damage to our health and the our health and the
environment ?”environment ?”
21esimo SECOLO21esimo SECOLO
GESTIONE DELLE GESTIONE DELLE RISORSERISORSE
“ “ How do we handle our How do we handle our discarded resources in discarded resources in
ways which do not ways which do not deprive future deprive future
generations of some, if generations of some, if not all, of their value ?”not all, of their value ?”
Il puntoIl punto chiave era lachiave era la SICUREZZASICUREZZA
Il puntoIl punto chiavechiave è laè la
SOSTENIBILITÀSOSTENIBILITÀ
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L’ incinerimentoL’ incinerimento non non èè una Soluzione una Soluzione
SostenibileSostenibile
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Paragone tra Paragone tra Torcia al plasmaTorcia al plasma con l’incenerimento di massa con l’incenerimento di massa
Incenerimento di massaIncenerimento di massa NON SOSTENIBILENON SOSTENIBILE Perche’ distrugge Perche’ distrugge
risorse di materiali risorse di materiali limitatelimitate
Torcia al plasmaTorcia al plasma NON SOSTENIBILENON SOSTENIBILE Perche’ distrugge risorse Perche’ distrugge risorse
di materiali limitatedi materiali limitate
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L’inceneritore moderno e’ un L’inceneritore moderno e’ un tentativo di perfezionare una tentativo di perfezionare una pessima idea.pessima idea.
Il nostro compito nel 21esimo Il nostro compito nel 21esimo secolo è non tanto quello di secolo è non tanto quello di trovare modi migliori per trovare modi migliori per distruggere i materiali di scartodistruggere i materiali di scarto
Quanto arrestare la produzione di Quanto arrestare la produzione di imballaggi e di prodotti che imballaggi e di prodotti che devono essere distrutti!devono essere distrutti!
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Dio Dio ricicla,ricicla,
il diavoloil diavolobruciabrucia