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SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Concentration and spatial distribution of Organophosphate Esters in the soil -
sediments from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Implication for risk assessmentIshwar Chandra Yadav1, Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi2, Jun Li1,Gan Zhang1, Adrian Covaci3
1State key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou-510640, P.R. China
2Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, BIT Campus Patna-800014, Bihar, India
3Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
*Corresponding author
Tel. no. +86-15626134294
E-mail: [email protected] (I C Yadav)
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SI 2.Materials and methods
SI 2.1 Soil sampling
A total of 19 surface soil (0 to 15 cm depth, vegetation removed) samples were gathered at 19
different locations in Kathmandu Valley using stainless steel scoops during 15-25 October 2014.
Each soil sample was a composite of 3 sub-samples which was collected in the radius of 5m in
different direction. The soil samples were then wrapped in aluminum foil, packed into sealed
polythene bags and kept in ice bag and transported to laboratory. Hand gloves were used to avoid
the contamination during sampling. The soil samples were freeze dried. After proper drying, it
was ground to powder and sieved through 500µm sieve and stored at −20 °C until analysis.
SI 2.2 Sediments sampling
Bagmati River which flows through the capital city Kathmandu was chosen for collection of
sediment samples. About 50g of surface sediment (top 5 cm) samples were collected using pre-
cleaned stainless steel scoop at 20 sites along Bagmati River (a stretch of >27 km), from
Gokarneshwor in the north to Chobhar in in the south. Fig.S2 shows the sampling points along
the Bagmati River. Foreign items, like rocks, sticks, mussels etc. were removed from the
sediment samples and transported on ice to the laboratory, where they were kept in refrigerator at
−20 °C until analysis. The sediment samples were freeze-dried, ground fine, sieved through
mesh size of 500 µm, and kept in amber jar until extraction.
SI1.2 Sample preparation and analysis
Freeze-dried and homogenized soils and sediments samples were spiked with 1000 ng of
deuterated tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP-d12) as surrogate standard and were Soxhlet
extracted with DCM for 24 h. Copper granules were added to the round bottle flask before
extraction to remove the elemental sulphur present in soils and sediments. Copper granules were
prewashed and activated with hydrochloric acid prior adding to the flask. The sample extract was
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concentrated by rotary evaporator (Heildolph 4000, Germany) and were solvent exchanged to
hexane with a volume of 0.5 ml. The extract was passed through Supelclean Envi Florisil SPE
column tubes 6 ml (1g) (SUPELCO, USA). Prior to fractionation, Florisil® cartridges were
prewashed with 6 ml ethyl acetate, 6 ml hexane/DCM (8:2, v/v), and 10 ml hexane to clean and
condition the adsorbent. After the extract was transferred to the SPE column, first fraction was
eluted with 6 ml 8:2 Hex: DCM and was discarded. The second fraction that contained target
OPFRs were eluted with 20ml ethyl acetate, evaporated until dryness under constant nitrogen
flow and the residue was re-dissolved in 200 µL of iso-octane. The resulting fraction was
transferred to vials for GC-MS analysis. Prior to GCMS injection, a known amount (1000 ng) of
hexamethyl benzene (HMB) were added as internal standard for quantification purpose.
SI 2.4 GC-MS analysis
Eight target OPFRs (TCEP, TCIPPs: mix of three isomers, TDCIPP, TNBP, TEHP, TPHP,
EHDPHP and TMPPs: mix of three isomers) were analyzed using Agilent GC 7890A coupled
with 7000A Triple quadrupole coupled MSD, with a DB5-MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25
mm i.d. × 0.25 μm film thickness). One µL of sample was injected in splitless mode and
temperature of injector was 295℃. Helium was used as carrier gas at the flow rate of 1 mL min -
1. The temperature of transfer line and ion source was maintained at 280 ℃ and 230 ℃,
respectively. The GC oven temperature started at 60 ℃ for 1 min, increased to 220 ℃ at a rate
of 30 ℃ min-1 (held for 0 min), then to 300 ℃ at a rate of 5℃ min-1 (held for 15 min). The
specific parameters for the target compounds were shown in Table S1.
SI 2.6 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Since OPFRs are ubiquitous to indoor environment, we adopted strict precaution and QA/QC
criteria to minimize the contamination. All the glassware was soaked in 5% KOH and 95%
ethanol solution and washed with Milli-Q water followed by DCM and hexane. Then the cleaned
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glassware was oven dried. Then all glassware including column were baked at 450°C for 6h, and
rinsing with solvents. Although we took utmost care, it appears that contamination with OPEs
may occur at some point of extraction, clean up or analysis in laboratory. Hence, we followed
rigorous cleaning procedure prior to experimentation to ensure minimum contamination of
OPEs. We used prebaked Na2SO4 as blank soil/sediment sample which was packed in aluminum
foil and taken to sampling sites and brought back to laboratory with soil/sediment sample.
Three field blank (only for air sample) and ten laboratory blank each for air, dust, soil and
sediments were extracted and analyzed together with samples to assess the possible
contamination of the samples. The level of OPFRs detected in laboratory blank ranged from
0.48-9.10 ng/g and 1.30-5.84ng/g for soil and sediments, respectively (Table S5). The method
detection limits (MDLs) is the mean plus 3 times standard deviation of all the blanks samples.
When the compounds were detected in blank, the MDL was calculated as 3 times signal to noise
ratio obtained from lowest spiked standard. The MDLs of OPFRs ranged from 0.51-17.08 ng/g
and 2.83-17.52 ng/g soil and sediments, respectively. The average recovery of surrogate standard
(TCEP-d12) was 108±6.4% and 124±5.2% for soil and sediments, respectively. The
concentrations of target OPFRs in this study were blank corrected, but not corrected for
recovery.
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Table S1Details of soil sampling
Sample ID
Sampling site location Lat & Long Elevation
(m)Period of sampling
Avg temp
Avg wind speed
Avg rainfall Remarks
KTM01 Sanepa 27°41′3.30″N 85°18′3.83″E 1284 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-traffic area
KTM02 Satdobato chowk 27°39′32.02″N 85°19′28.96″E 1333 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-traffic area
KTM03 Koteshwor 27°40′43.41″N 85°20′55.70″E 1310 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm urban -heavy traffic area
KTM04 Baneshwor 27°41′20.36″N 85°20′10.28″E 1308 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-commercial area
KTM05 Mahrajganj 27°44′2.16″N 85°19′48.28″E 1329 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-traffic area
KTM06 Swayambhu 27°42′56.72″N 85°17′1.71″E 1342 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-traffic area
KTM07 Bhimsengola 27°42′4.67″N 85°20′24.68″E 1322 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-commercial area
KTM08 Pashupati 27°42′38.74″N 85°20′46″E 1320 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Hindu pilgrim place
KTM09 Balkumari bridge 27°40′23.36″N 85°20′30.92″E 1291 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-residential area
KTM10 Airport 27°42′2.97″N 85°21′18.13″E 1327 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm airport
KTM11 Tinkune 27°41′7.65″N 85°20′55.13″E 1295 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm urban -heavy traffic area
KTM12 Kalimati 27°41′54.88″N 85°17′52.76″E 1300 2014-10-13 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-commercial area
KTM13 Kalanki 27°41′36.44″N 85°16′51.37″E 1316 2014-10-14 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm urban -heavy traffic area
KTM14 Sinamangal 27°41′46.46″N 85°21′01.35″E 1300 2014-10-14 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban -close proximity
to airportKTM15
Balazu Industrial area 27°43′48.17″N 85°18′03.82″E 1299 2014-10-14 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-industrial area
KTM16 Bagbazar 27° 42′ 22.96″N 85° 19′ 08.66″E 1297 2014-10-14 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-commercial area
KTM17 Dhapasi height 27° 44′ 58.87″N 85° 19′ 54.12″E 1347 2014-10-14 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Urban-residential area
KTM1 Gwarko, Ring Road 27° 39′ 58.62″N 85° 19′ 58.79″ E 1299 2014-10-14 23.7℃ 4m/s 23 9mm Urban-traffic area
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8KTM19 Srijana Nagar 27° 39′ 57.17″N 85° 23′ 58.75″ E 1351 2014-10-14 23.7℃ 4m/s 239 mm Suburban-residential
area
Table S2 Details of sediment sampling
Sample ID Sampling site location Lat & Long Sampling
periodBGS01 Gokarna 27° 43′ 57.66″N 85° 23′ 7.45″E 2014-10-16BGS02 Guheshwori 27° 42′ 42.32″N 85° 21′ 13.47″E 2014-10-16BGS03 Gaurighat 27° 42′ 46.87″N 85° 20′ 59.75″E 2014-10-16BGS04 Pashupati 27° 42′ 35.12″N 85° 20′ 55.43″E 2014-10-16BGS05 Tilganga 27° 42′ 12.74″N 85° 20′ 59.87″E 2014-10-16BGS06 Sinamangal 27° 41′ 56.01″N 85° 20′ 48.24″E 2014-10-16BGS07 Jagriti Nagar 27° 41′ 32.84″N 85° 21′ 4.83″E 2014-10-16BGS08 Gairigaon 27° 41′ 18.40″N 85° 20′ 53.61″E 2014-10-16BGS09 Tinkune 27° 41′ 10.42″N 85° 20′ 37.34″E 2014-10-16BGS10 Sahyogi Nagar 27° 40′ 57.79″N 85° 20′ 21.15″E 2014-10-16BGS11 Chhitij Nagar 27° 40′ 44.47″N 85° 20′ 4.23″E 2014-10-16BGS12 Shankhmul 27° 40′ 50.28″N 85° 19′ 48.37″E 2014-10-16BGS13 Jwagal 27° 41′ 10.29″N 85° 19′ 35.14″E 2014-10-16BGS14 Thapathali 27° 41′ 22.27″N 85° 18′ 59.37″E 2014-10-16BGS15 Tirpureshwor 27° 41′ 31.75″N 85° 18′ 37.38″E 2014-10-16BGS16 Sanepa 27° 41′ 34.26″N 85° 18′ 17.52″E 2014-10-16BGS17 Teku Dovan 27° 41′ 27.94″N 85° 18′ 7.61″E 2014-10-16BGS18 Balkhu 27° 41′ 3.99″N 85° 17′ 58.17″E 2014-10-16BGS19 Sundarighat 27° 40′ 28.29″N 85° 17′ 36.35″E 2014-10-16BGS20 Chobhar 27° 39′ 28.46″N 85° 17′ 37.04″E 2014-10-16
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Table S3 Full name and GS-MS parameter of OPFRs
Acronym Full name CAS No. Chemicalformula
Mol. Wt. Quantifier/Qualifier
RT
TNBP Tri-n-butyl phosphate 126-73-8 C12H27O4P 266.3 155/99 7.063TCEP Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate 115-96-8 C6H12Cl3O4P 285.5 249/143 7.696TCIPP-1 Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate
(mix of three isomers)13674-84-5 C9H18Cl3O4P 327.6 125/277 7.877
TCIPP-2 125/277 7.952TCIPP-3 125/277 8.022TDCIPP Tris (1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate 13674-87-8 C9H15Cl6O4P 430.9 191/381 12.210TPHP Triphenyl phosphate 115-86-6 C18H15O4P 326.3 170/228 13.107EHDPHP 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate 1241-94-7 C20H27O4P 362.4 251/170 13.329TEHP Tri (2-ethylhexyl)phosphate 78-42-2 C24H51O4P 434.6 113/211 13.592TMPP-1 Tri-cresyl phosphate
(mix of three isomers) 1330-78-5 C21H21O4P 368.4243/170 16.020
TMPP-2 243/170 16.400TMPP-3 243/170 16.790TCEP-d12 deuterated tris (2-chloroethyl)
phosphate1276500-47-0
C6H12Cl3O4P 297.5 261/148 7.635
HMB Hexamethylbenzene 87-85-4 C12H18 162.3 162/147 6.330
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Table S4 Physicochemical characteristics of OPFRs analyzed in this study
OPFRs Mol. Wt.
Boiling point (°C)
Melting point
(°C)
Vapor pressure at 25°C (Pa)
Water solubility (mg/l) at 25°C
Octanol-air partition coefficient (Log Koa)
Octanol-water partitioning coefficient (Log Kow)
Soil sediment-water sorption(Log Koc)
Henry’s law constant at 25°C(pa/m3/mol)
References
TNBP 266.3 289 -79 0.150 27 8.2 3.82 3.28 0.323 European Commission, 2008a, 2008b, 2009, U.S. EPA. 2003
TCEP 285.5 347 -35 1.14×10-3 7400 5.3 1.44 2.48 2.58×10-3
TCIPP 327.6 359 72.2 1.4×10-3 1200 7.5 2.68 3.11 6.04×10-3
TDCIPP 430.9 457 88.2 5.6×10-6 29 10.6 3.69 3.96 2.65×10-4
TPHP 326.3 412 86.5 6.3×10-5 3 9.8 4.59 3.72 4.03×10-3
EHDPHP 362.4 421 86.6 6.67×10-3 1.9 8.3 5.73 4.50 2.51×10-2
TEHP 434.6 406 86.9 1.10×10-5 0.6 14.9 9.49 6.39 9.69TMPP 368.4 265 -33 6.6×10-5 0.36 12 5.11 - 0.068 Brooke et
al., 2009
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Table S5 Level of average OPFR and RSD detected in blank samples of soil and sediments.
OPFRs Soil blank (ng/g) Sediments blank (ng/g)
Lab (n=10) RSD (%) Lab (n=10) RSD (%)
TNBP 4.80 1.9 4.68 1.40
TCEP 3.54 0.27 3.36 1.10
TCIPPs 4.69 0.65 4.15 0.82
TDCIPP 0.48 0.01 5.84 1.48
TPHP 5.12 2.60 1.30 0.51
EHDPHP 9.10 2.66 1.47 0.23
TEHP 0.82 0.41 ND 0
TMPPs 2.17 0.16 4.35 1.40
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Table S6 Comparison of median concentration of OPFRs (ng/g) in soil with relevant studies available across the world
Country N Location typesTCEP TCIPPs
TDCIPP TNBP TPHP EHDPHP TEHP TMPPs
∑OPFRs References
China 2 Traffic road 5.6 15.5 3.6 0.6 6.7 - - - 32 Jian Xia et al., 2014
Germany* 6 Campus soil 4.96 1.23 - 9 3.61 - - - Mihajlović et al., 2011
USA 9 Airforce base soil - - - - Nd-
6000 - - Nd-130,000 -
David and Seiber, 1999
Japan 5 Near greenhouse - - - - - - - 36-340 - Cho et al.,
1996China 67 road soil 38 3 14 24 7 20 4 96 310 Cui et al.,
2017a67 Commercial
area 93 3 24 27 21 18 14 28 380 Cui et al., 2017a
67 Residential area 7 1 12 26 4 6 2 46 180 Cui et al.,
2017aChina 13 Campus soil 2-350 3-41.1 - 1-106 4-36.3 Nd-18.2 Nd-
74.4 Nd-386 430 Cui et al., 2017b
China 19 Plastic waste treatment site 92 21 - 22 26 11 - - 398 Wan et al.,
2016Nepal 19 Urban soil 12.7 31.7 19.1 16.5 12.9 25.6 26.1 41.3 186 This study
* Mean value; -: data not available; nd: not detected
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Table S7 Comparison of average concentration of OPFRs (ng/g) in sediments with relevant studies available across the world
Country N Location types TCEP TCIPPs TDCIPP TNBP TPHP EHDPHP TEHP TMPPs
∑OPFRs
References
Austria 4 River sediments
Nd-160 0.61-1300
Nd 11-50 Nd-160 - Nd-140
Nd-39 2.4-1940 Martínez-Carballo et al., 2007
Spain 21 River sediments
2.7-9.7 4.5-365 1.9-12 2.5-13 2-23 15-63 2.8-290
6.7-84 3.8-824 Cristale et al., 2013
Norway 8 River sediments
63-1600 63-16000
63-870 66-480 38-370 140-680 - - 486-22500
Green et al., 2008
Taiwan 5 River sediments
Nd-1.5 Nd-9.5 Nd-1.1 - Nd-3.1 - - - 1-12.6 Chung and Ding, 2009
China 28 Lake sediment
0.62-3.17
0.4-2.27 0.3-5.54 0.4-2.65
0.4-1.19 - - - 3.38-14.3
Cao et al., 2012
USA 6 River sediments
- 4-10 - 2.8-8 - - - - - García-López et al., 2009b
China 7 River sediments
Nd-8.5 7.3-185 Nd-1 Nd-11 5.6-253 0.16-1.5 4-31 0.19-4.3
48-470 Tan et al.,2016
Greece 8 Evrotas River
Nd-2.27 Nd-7.62 Nd-2.96 Nd-5.54 Nd-0.67 Nd-6.39 Nd-4.73
Nd-1.24
0.31-31 Giulivo et al., 2017
Italy 12 Adige River
0.33-19 0.53-48.8
Nd-6.86 Nd-42.6 Nd-9.69 4.27-288 Nd-35.1
Nd-13.4
11.5-549
Slovenia 11 Sava River
Nd-2.32 Nd-14.7 Nd-0.39 Nd-14.2 nd Nd-8.48 0.33-7.73
Nd-1.89
10.5-248
Nepal 20 River sediments
11-38 1.7-892 3.9-8.9 5-320 3-130 34-418 657-3020
267-2630
983-7460
This study
*Mean value; -: data not available; nd: not detected
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Table S8 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
TNBP TCEP TCIPPs TDCIP TPHPEHDPHP TEHP TMPPs OPEs TOC BC
TNBPCorrelation Coefficient 1 0.31 0.236 -0.345 -0.191 0.241 .496* 0.231 0.169 0.028 0.118
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.197 0.33 0.148 0.435 0.319 0.031 0.342 0.488 0.909 0.629TCEP Correlation Coefficient 1 0.452 0.162 0.396 .517* .505* .601** .661** .572* 0.434
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.052 0.506 0.093 0.023 0.027 0.006 0.002 0.01 0.063TCIPPs Correlation Coefficient 1 0.317 .494* .830** .730** .628** .759** 0.253 0.11
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.186 0.031 0 0 0.004 0 0.297 0.655TDCIP Correlation Coefficient 1 .659** 0.248 0.338 0.315 0.417 0.207 0.032
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.002 0.305 0.157 0.189 0.076 0.395 0.895TPHP Correlation Coefficient 1 .633** 0.359 .696** .772** 0.218 0.071
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.004 0.131 0.001 0 0.371 0.772EHDPHP Correlation Coefficient 1 .694** .793** .830** 0.262 0.071
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001 0 0 0.279 0.772TEHP Correlation Coefficient 1 .658** .689** 0.235 -0.031
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.002 0.001 0.332 0.901TMPPs Correlation Coefficient 1 .932** 0.39 0.215
Sig. (2-tailed) 0 0.099 0.377OPEs Correlation Coefficient 1 .467* 0.278
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.044 0.249TOC Correlation Coefficient 1 .851**
Sig. (2-tailed) 0
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Table S9 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
TNBP TCEP TCIPPs TDCIP TPHP EHDPHP TEHP TMPPs OPEs TOC BCTNBP Correlation Coefficient 1 0.385 .797** .537* .568** .672** -.764** .481* 0.198 .448* 0.044
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.094 0 0.015 0.009 0.001 0 0.032 0.402 0.048 0.855
TCEP Correlation Coefficient 1 0.341 0.098 .758** .614** -0.227 0.215 0.241 -0.065 -0.005Sig. (2-tailed) 0.141 0.682 0 0.004 0.336 0.363 0.307 0.787 0.985
TCIPPs Correlation Coefficient 1 0.304 .603** .629** -.740** .448* 0.256 0.427 0.066Sig. (2-tailed) 0.193 0.005 0.003 0 0.048 0.277 0.06 0.782
TDCIP Correlation Coefficient 1 0.364 0.008 -0.439 0.38 0.027 .738** 0.007Sig. (2-tailed) 0.115 0.975 0.053 0.098 0.91 0 0.977
TPHP Correlation Coefficient 1 .577** -.534* 0.398 0.18 0.313 -0.094Sig. (2-tailed) 0.008 0.015 0.082 0.446 0.179 0.693
EHDPHP Correlation Coefficient 1 -.608** 0.317 0.128 -0.039 0.027Sig. (2-tailed) 0.004 0.173 0.591 0.87 0.91
TEHP Correlation Coefficient 1 -0.244 0.289 -.549* -0.161Sig. (2-tailed) 0.301 0.217 0.012 0.498
TMPPs Correlation Coefficient 1 .672** 0.038 -0.102Sig. (2-tailed) 0.001 0.875 0.668
OPEs Correlation Coefficient 1 -0.179 -0.122Sig. (2-tailed) 0.45 0.609
TOC Correlation Coefficient 1 0.029Sig. (2-tailed) 0.905
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Table S10 Octanol partitioning coefficient for sediment organic carbon (Log KOC) and LC50 used for risk assessment for fish, Daphnia and algae
Compounds Log KOC LC50 (mg/L)
Fish Daphnia Algae
TNBP 3.56 6.6 1.7 4.2
TCEP 2.18 90 330 51
TCIPP 2.44 30 91 45
TDCIP 3.41 1.2 4.2 39
TPHP 3.74 0.42 1.1 0.5
TMPP 4.44 0.11 0.27 0.29
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Table S11 Estimated Risk quotient (RQ) of different OPEs for fish and total RQ in Bagmati River
Fish TNBP TCEP TCIPPs TDCIP TPHP TMPPs ∑OPEBGS-1 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.9 55.4 3562.4 3621.7BGS-2 0.8 0.1 0.4 1.8 9.4 1639.1 1651.6BGS-3 11.7 0.9 1.8 12.5 138.9 10197.9 10363.7BGS-4 21.2 1.2 4.4 12.0 132.9 24730.1 24901.7BGS-5 0.6 0.1 0.0 1.6 2.5 1217.9 1222.6BGS-6 0.9 0.1 0.1 2.6 9.9 1955.1 1968.7BGS-7 2.7 0.2 1.6 2.1 34.4 6100.6 6141.6BGS-8 3.1 0.1 15.6 1.6 26.3 2476.6 2523.3BGS-9 2.9 0.2 1.1 1.4 51.1 826.2 883.0BGS-10 3.9 0.2 0.7 1.5 82.0 952.8 1041.2BGS-11 5.7 0.4 0.5 5.8 43.5 9646.9 9702.8BGS-12 6.7 0.5 1.2 7.7 71.2 14430.8 14518.1BGS-13 7.0 0.1 2.0 1.4 56.4 1828.8 1895.7BGS-14 16.8 0.1 5.6 1.6 9.7 2645.5 2679.4BGS-15 2.3 0.2 0.2 3.8 15.9 3511.1 3533.5BGS-16 5.1 0.3 0.9 3.7 37.2 2973.7 3020.8BGS-17 6.5 0.1 1.5 1.3 23.6 2213.8 2246.7BGS-18 9.4 0.1 3.2 2.0 15.2 2658.8 2688.7BGS-19 2.7 0.3 0.8 3.9 13.1 2286.9 2307.7BGS-20 10.8 0.7 3.5 5.1 321.5 15577.6 15919.2
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Table 72 Estimated Risk quotient (RQ) of different OPEs for Daphnia and total RQ in Bagmati River
Daphnia TNBP TCEP TCIPPs TDCIP TPHP TMPPs ∑OPEBGS-1 1.5 0.0 0.5 0.5 21.2 1451.4 1475.1BGS-2 3.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 3.6 667.8 675.2BGS-3 45.6 0.2 0.6 3.6 53.0 4154.7 4257.7BGS-4 82.2 0.3 1.4 3.4 50.7 10075.2 10213.3BGS-5 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 496.2 499.8BGS-6 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.8 796.5 804.4BGS-7 10.7 0.0 0.5 0.6 13.1 2485.4 2510.4BGS-8 12.2 0.0 5.1 0.4 10.0 1009.0 1036.9BGS-9 11.4 0.0 0.4 0.4 19.5 336.6 368.3BGS-10 15.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 31.3 388.2 435.5BGS-11 22.1 0.1 0.2 1.7 16.6 3930.2 3970.8BGS-12 26.0 0.1 0.4 2.2 27.2 5879.2 5935.1BGS-13 27.0 0.0 0.7 0.4 21.5 745.1 794.7BGS-14 65.3 0.0 1.9 0.5 3.7 1077.8 1149.1BGS-15 9.0 0.1 0.1 1.1 6.1 1430.4 1446.7BGS-16 19.7 0.1 0.3 1.0 14.2 1211.5 1246.8BGS-17 25.2 0.0 0.5 0.4 9.0 901.9 937.0BGS-18 36.6 0.0 1.1 0.6 5.8 1083.2 1127.2BGS-19 10.6 0.1 0.3 1.1 5.0 931.7 948.8BGS-20 41.9 0.2 1.2 1.5 122.8 6346.4 6513.8
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Table S83 Estimated Risk quotient (RQ) of different OPEs for algae and total RQ in Bagmati River
Algae TNBP TCEP TCIPPs TDCIP TPHP TMPPs ∑OPEBGS-1 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.1 46.6 1351.3 1399.7BGS-2 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 7.9 621.7 631.4BGS-3 18.4 1.6 1.2 0.4 116.7 3868.2 4006.4BGS-4 33.3 2.1 2.9 0.4 111.6 9380.4 9530.6BGS-5 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 462.0 465.1BGS-6 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.3 741.6 751.6BGS-7 4.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 28.9 2314.0 2348.6BGS-8 4.9 0.2 10.4 0.0 22.1 939.4 977.1BGS-9 4.6 0.3 0.7 0.0 43.0 313.4 362.0BGS-10 6.2 0.3 0.5 0.0 68.9 361.4 437.4BGS-11 8.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 36.5 3659.2 3705.8BGS-12 10.5 0.9 0.8 0.2 59.8 5473.7 5546.0BGS-13 10.9 0.1 1.4 0.0 47.3 693.7 753.5BGS-14 26.4 0.1 3.7 0.1 8.2 1003.5 1042.0BGS-15 3.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 13.3 1331.8 1349.4BGS-16 8.0 0.5 0.6 0.1 31.2 1128.0 1168.3BGS-17 10.2 0.1 1.0 0.0 19.8 839.7 870.8BGS-18 14.8 0.1 2.2 0.1 12.8 1008.5 1038.4BGS-19 4.3 0.5 0.6 0.1 11.0 867.4 883.9BGS-20 16.9 1.2 2.3 0.2 270.1 5908.7 6199.5
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Fig. S1 Site-specific composition profiles of OPEs in soil, and sediments (top-bottom)
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Fig. S2 Site wide spatial distribution of ∑OPEs in soil and sediments samples.
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