Art and the Post Art and the Post War “Crisis of War “Crisis of

Meaning”.Meaning”.

Futurism, Dadaism and Futurism, Dadaism and SurrealismSurrealism

Introduction: Introduction: 19th. Century.19th. Century.

19th. Century 19th. Century era of invention and era of invention and discoverydiscovery..

First World War First World War led to social trauma. led to social trauma. People People found consolation in art and found consolation in art and

literatureliterature.. Form of expression Form of expression critical of political critical of political

and social behaviours.and social behaviours. Pacifism became increasingly popular Pacifism became increasingly popular

and Nihilism grew in popularity.and Nihilism grew in popularity.

Futurism: (1911-1944)Futurism: (1911-1944)- Artistic and social movement originated in Italy. Artistic and social movement originated in Italy. - Emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and Emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and

power of the machine and the vitality, change, power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life in general. and restlessness of modern life in general.

- Demonstrate the beauty of modern life - the Demonstrate the beauty of modern life - the beauty of the machine, speed, change and beauty of the machine, speed, change and the new technology of the automobile.the new technology of the automobile.

- Key figures: Filippo Tommaso Emilio, Key figures: Filippo Tommaso Emilio, Giacomo Balla and Carlo Carrà. Giacomo Balla and Carlo Carrà.

Carlo Carrà. Carlo Carrà. Horse and Rider, (1912)Horse and Rider, (1912)

Balla, Giacomo, Dynamism of a Dog on Balla, Giacomo, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912)a Leash (1912)

Tullio Crali , NTullio Crali , Nose Dive on the City ose Dive on the City (1939)(1939)

Dadaism: (1916,1924)Dadaism: (1916,1924) Cultural movement in visual art as well as Cultural movement in visual art as well as

literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design.design.

Originated in Zúrich and France.Originated in Zúrich and France. Works were characterized by a deliberate Works were characterized by a deliberate

irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. standards of art.

  Rejection of war politics and Rejection of war politics and social social organization. organization.

Fought against sexism/racism.Fought against sexism/racism. Key figures: Key figures: Tristan Tzara, Hannah Hoch Tristan Tzara, Hannah Hoch

and Francis Picabia.and Francis Picabia.

  Marcel Duchamp- 'L.H.O.O.Q.' (1919)Marcel Duchamp- 'L.H.O.O.Q.' (1919)

To Make a Dadaist poem To Make a Dadaist poem (by Tristan Tzara).(by Tristan Tzara).

To make a Dadaist poemTo make a Dadaist poemtake a newspaper.take a newspaper.

Take a pair of scissors.Take a pair of scissors.Choose an article as long as you are planning Choose an article as long as you are planning

to make your poem.to make your poem.Cut out the article.Cut out the article.

Then cut out each of the words that make up Then cut out each of the words that make up this article and put them in a bag.this article and put them in a bag.

Shake it gently.Shake it gently.Then take out the scraps one after the other Then take out the scraps one after the other

in the order in which they left the bag.in the order in which they left the bag.Copy conscientiously. Copy conscientiously. 

The poem will be like you.The poem will be like you.And here you are a writer, infinitely original And here you are a writer, infinitely original

and endowed with a sensibility that is and endowed with a sensibility that is charming though beyond the understanding charming though beyond the understanding

of the vulgar."of the vulgar."

Hannah Hoch- ‘Cut with the Kitchen Hannah Hoch- ‘Cut with the Kitchen Knife DADA’ (1919)Knife DADA’ (1919)

Surrealism: (1924-1955)Surrealism: (1924-1955) Originated in France and was fOriginated in France and was founded by the ounded by the

writer André Breton, after WW1.writer André Breton, after WW1. Highly concerned with dreams and the Highly concerned with dreams and the

subconscious mind.subconscious mind. Was considered socially acceptable and Was considered socially acceptable and

artistically valid. artistically valid. Artists created works of abstract beauty to Artists created works of abstract beauty to

delight the eyes.  delight the eyes.  From the 1920s onward, the movement spread From the 1920s onward, the movement spread

around the globe, eventually affecting the around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory. theory.

Salvador Dalí, “Cisnes que se reflejan Salvador Dalí, “Cisnes que se reflejan como elefantes” (1937)como elefantes” (1937)

Salvador Dalí, “Aparición de un rostro Salvador Dalí, “Aparición de un rostro y un frutero sobre la playa” (1938)y un frutero sobre la playa” (1938)

René Magritte, René Magritte, ‘Gloconda’ (1953)‘Gloconda’ (1953)

René Magritte,  ”Los amantes I” René Magritte,  ”Los amantes I” (1928) (1928)

Art movements are born out of the Art movements are born out of the need for people to express their need for people to express their reactions to social, political and reactions to social, political and religious changes.religious changes.

The new movement will no doubt The new movement will no doubt meet with resistance from critics and meet with resistance from critics and patrons alike, anyway, the artist will patrons alike, anyway, the artist will push forward with their movement push forward with their movement until it gains acceptance.until it gains acceptance.