artappprezi5
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The Vocabulary of Art
The Visual Elements of Art and Design
Form
•the physical or visual aspects, the composition
•The elements and principles of art
•Formalism
•Form works with content to create meaning
The Problem We All Live With by Norman Rockwell, 1964
The Problem We All Live With by Norman Rockwell, 1964
• The horizontal lines of the work imply stability of subject• The shallow, cropped space makes the subject matter more intense and immediate• The value contrast of the clean white dress with the textured, dirty wall helps convey her innocence and purity• The strength of the girl is conveyed by her stable, triangular shape• The little girl is the focal point of the work created by the high contrast and the framing created by the cropped, figures on the sides• the asymmetry of the composition pulls the little girl and our eye forward conveying the concept that the country is moving forward• the artist has made the viewer complicit with the racist protestors by making us share their point-of-view (carries further the title of the painting)
The elements of design
•Line
•Shape (mass)
•Value (light)
•Color
•Texture
•Space
Line
•points or dots following a path
•types= straight, curved, zigzag
•actual vs implied lines
•directional forces
•expressive qualities
Actual Lines
Actual Lines
Actual Lines
Actual Lines
Implied Lines
Implied Lines
Implied Lines
Implied Lines
Implied Lines
Line Direction
•Vertical lines = strength, force
•Horizontal lines = stability, calm
•Diagonal lines = movement, energy
•Curved lines = flowing energy, softness, sensuality, organic
Diagonal forces
Vertical forces
Horizontal forces
Curvilinear forces
expressive qualities of line
mechanical gestural
expressive qualities of line
mechanical gestural
expressive qualities of line
arabesque controlledcalligraphic
How lines are used in art
Contour lines
How lines are used in art
Cross-Contour lines
How lines are used in art
Continuous lines
How lines are used in art
Hatching & Cross-Hatching lines
How lines are used in art
Texture
Shape & Mass• shape= 2d area with definable boundary, has
height and width
• mass= 3d area with definable boundary, has height, width, and depth
• actual vs implied
• geometric, curvilinear, rectilinear, biomorphic
• figure/ ground relationship
• planar construction
Actual shape/mass
Actual shape/mass
Implied shape/mass
Implied shape/mass
Geometric shapes/masses
namable shapes, circles, spheres, rectangles, triangles, etc
Rectilinear shapes/masses
unnamable shapes with straight edges and sharp corners
Curvilinear shapes/masses
biomorphic shapes/masses
curvilinear shapes that imply organic forms
how shape and mass are used in
artfigure/ground relationship (in 2d art only)
Obvious figure/ground relationshipeasy to tell what is the figure (or positive
shape) and what is the ground (or negative space)
Ambiguous figure/ground relationshipdifficult to tell what is the figure (or positive
shape) and what is the ground (or negative space) also known as “figure/ground reversal”
How shape and mass are used in
artconstructing with planes
Value as element•value = the varied lights and darks
reflecting off a surface
•also known as “tones”, or “tonal variation”
•value gradation
•chiaroscuro = italian for Light/dark
•mostly relates to realism but not necessarily
value
Value
value gradation
value gradation
chiaroscuro• The traditional term for the effects of light and dark in art• Chiaro= light, scuro = dark• Developed during Renaissance• Usually involves soft, subtle value changes• described the particular parts of light and shadow (highlight, core shadow, reflected light, cast shadow)
highlight
core shadow
reflected light
cast shadow
chiaroscuro
highlight
core shadow
reflected light
cast shadow
Light
•the quality and direction of light as it is shown on a sculpture or in a room
•an actual light fixture or effect as part of an art , often neon
LightConstantin Brancusi
Light
Sydney Cash
LightTara Donovan
Light
Nancy Holt’s “sun tunnels”
Light
Robert Morris
Yayoi Kusama
interactive
Light
Glen Ligon
James Turrell
James Clar
Color• effect of light rays and interaction with
eyes/brain
• additive vs subtractive color
• aspects of color = hue, value, intensity or saturation
• color wheel
• color schemes
color as effect of light
additive vs subtractive color
mixing
additive= mixing light subtractive= mixing pigments(adding light so light gets lighter)
(subtracting light so light gets darker)
Aspects of subtractive color
• Hue= name of color (red, green, violet, etc)
• Value= darkness and lightness of color (light red, dark blue, etc)
• Saturation or intensity= the brightness and dullness of the color (bright pink, dull orange)
• when painters mix paint they control the hue, value, and saturation
Color WheelMunsell system
Color Schemes• common combinations of colors that help
unify an image
• monochromatic= one hue with different values
• complementary= two hues (and their values) directly across from each other on color wheel
• analogous= 3 or 4 hues adjacent to each other on color wheel
monochromatic
complementary
analogous
Texture
•surface quality of a form
•illusionistic or actual
Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements
Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements
Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements
Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements
David Musgrave
Illusionistic textureformed by regular or irregular patterning of elements
Wangechi Mutu
Illusionistic texture
formed by regular or irregular patterning of elementsAlyssa Monks
Actual texturetexture you could feel with touch
Actual texturetexture you could feel with touch
Anish KapoorNabil Nahas
Space• actual space in sculpture, installation, and
architecture
• illusionistic space in 2d art (foreground, middle ground, background)
• simple use of overlapping and relative size
• linear perspective, one-point, two-point or more
• atmospheric perspective
• foreshortening
Actual Space
Henrique OliveiraAi Weiwei
Installation Art
Actual Space
Frank Lloyd WrightZaha Hadid
Architecture
Illusionistic spacePicture Plane= the imaginary plane that
covers the surface of the picture or canvas
Illusionistic spaceearly depiction of space used overlap, differences in
sizes, and the idea that objects lower on picture plane seem closer to viewer
One-Point Perspectivewhen the face or front plane is parallel with picture
plane, creates one vanishing point on the horizon line (where sky and earth meet, eye level)
Linear Perspectiveone point perspective
Linear Perspectiveone point perspective
Two-Point Perspectivewhen no face or front plane is parallel with picture
plane, creates two or more vanishing points on horizon line
Illusionistic spaceisometric projection
showing depth and space without lines appearing to meet at vanishing point, often seen in video games and M.C. Escher
Linear PerspectiveTwo point or multiple point perspective
Linear PerspectiveTwo point or multiple point perspective
Linear PerspectiveTwo point or multiple point perspective
Atmospheric Perspective
illusion of depth created by value, color, or texture gradients, a
darker or warmer or more textured color comes forward while cooler, lighter, and smoother goes back
Atmospheric Perspective
Atmospheric Perspective
Foreshorteningsmaller forms in perspective, apparent diminishing in length