arte moderno a venezia

7/28/2019 Arte Moderno a Venezia

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Arte Moderna a VeneziaPalazzo Grassi

Located in Campo San Samuele and overlooking the Canal Grande, Palazzo Grassi presents major temporary exhibitions, some of which are based in whole or in part onFranois Pinault's Collection.

The building is the last palazzo on the Grand Canal having been built after the collapseof Venice Republic in 1797. Its nobility highlights the historical importance of the collection'smasterpieces, that may well feel at home here, in the dialogue between Neoclassicalarchitecture and modern renovation solutions created by architect Tadao Ando. PalazzoGrassi is of interest to connoisseurs of contemporary architectural styles as well, who praisetheir harmony.

The Building

The architecture of Palazzo Grassi is attributed to Giorgio Massari (1687-1766), whowas at that period finishing CaRezzonico on the opposite side of the Grand Canal. It wascommissioned by the Grassi family, originally from Chioggia, who had bought a plot of landin a magnificent location; its trapezoidal form offered the added advantage of providing along faade on the canal. It is believed that work began in 1740 or 1748, possibly beingcompleted by 1758 or, more probably, in 1772. This was the last palazzo to be built in Venice

before the fall of the Republic.

One palace, many uses

Almost immediately, the history of the palazzo was marked by various vicissitudes,starting with the collapse of the Grassi family fortune, which would result in a number of changes in the buildings layout. In 1840 the brothers Angelo and Domenico Grassi madeover the palace to the Societ Veneta Commerciale, owned by Spiridione Papadopoli. He soldit four years later to the opera singer Antonio Poggi, a great interpreter of Italian Romanticworks. Soon after, Poggi sold it to a Hungarian painter, Jzsej Agost Schfft. After his deathin 1850, Schffts second wife, Giuseppina Lindlau, opened it as a hotel (the Htel de laVille), a fate suffered in this period by many of the old palaces lining the Grand Canal. Therewas a new change of ownership in 1857, following the buildings purchase by baron Simeonede Sina, a Greek financier living in Venice; he was responsible for various important changesto the structure and internal decor. In 1908, de Sinas heirs sold the palazzo to the Swissindustrialist, Giovanni Stucky. Following the death of his son Giancarlo in 1943, the building

passed into the hands of another important Venetian industrialist and financier, Vittorio Cini,who sold it in 1949. The palace was bought by a property company which, two years later,installed an international art and costume centre within its walls.

From Gianni Agnelli to Franois Pinault

Palazzo Grassi was bought in 1983 by the Fiat group, which commissioned the

Milanese architect Gae Aulenti to refurbish it as an exhibition space. From 1983 to 2005Palazzo Grassi, administered by a FIAT management team personally selected by Gianni


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Agnelli, was internationally renowned for its art exhibitions. Under the aegis of a series of exceptional directors (Pontus Hulten, Paolo Viti and others), Palazzo Grassi presentedambitious and well-attended shows, notably those devoted to great civilizations of the past(for example, the Etruscans, the Mayans, and the Celts). Following the death of GianniAgnelli, FIAT chose to terminate its involvement. In May 2005 Franois Pinault decided to

take over Palazzo Grassi.

Tadao Ando

Born in Osaka in 1941, Tadao Ando is a self-taught architect who learned his tradewhile travelling in Europe during the 1960s. Fascinated by Le Corbusier, Ando arrived inParis just after his idols death in 1965; however, he then put Le Corbusiers architecturallegacy to good use in his own work.

Back in Japan, Ando opened his own firm in 1969, starting with simple houses thatexpressed his vision of architecture as the fruit of lived experience; that embodying his tastefor a purity of style which seemed to combine the physical and the spiritual. As Andosreputation spread, he began to receive commissions from an ever-widening range of clients.His museums and churches testify to the coherence of his aesthetics, but also demonstrate hisability to enter into the spirit of a landscape, to reveal its essence by structuring the visitorsexperience of it. Ando has been deeply influenced by Japanese tradition and its focus uponassembled constructions, upon balance and the eloquent interaction of light and materials. Buthe has also drawn upon the modern tradition in the West, using pure spatial volumes andstraightforward forms to create a meditative tension between the inner and outer, betweenlight and shadow, object and context. From the nineties onwards, wood gradually took prideof place in his work. For example, it was the primary material in his design for the JapanesePavilion at the Seville Universal Exposition in 1992 . Amongst Andos most importantworks, one might list The Church of the Light in Osaka (1989) and the Church on theWater (1991) . The Japanese architect has taught at various prestigious universities Yale(1987), Columbia (1988) and Harvard (1990) then being appointed to a Chair at theUniversity of Tokyo (1991).

Tadao Ando is also the winner of many prestigious international awards. In 1995, hewas awarded the Pritzker Prize , one of the highest distinctions in architecture; he donated the

prize money to the orphans of Kobe, where part of the city had been destroyed by anearthquake that same year. In 1996, he won the Praemium Imperiale , awarded by the Japan

Art Association in recognition of his contribution culture and the arts. In France, he wasnominated an Officier de lOrdre des Arts et des Lettres in 1997 . In 1995, he received theGold Medal of the International Union of Architects and became a Chevalier de lOrdreNational de la Lgion dHonneur the same year. Since 1997, Tadao Ando has worked onthe ecological project Umi no mori in Japan, involving the creation of a Forest on the Seawith more than 480,000 trees. This green lung will be created by the city of Tokyo as asymbolical place, a sort of polder into an artificial island within the bay where the Japanesecapital stands.

Already very familiar with the architects work - and greatly appreciating itscombination of the contemporary and the timeless, the abstract and the sensorial Franois

Pinault commissioned Ando to build a museum on the Ile Sguin in Paris. After thecancellation of that project, he subsequently involved Ando in work on his Venetian


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initiatives: the renovation of Palazzo Grassi in 2005 and the restoration of Punta dellaDogana in 2008-2009.

The renovation

Franois Pinault had hired Tadao Ando to carry out the remodeling of the PalazzoGrassi.

Tadao Ando adopted a plain, minimal, self-contained look that plays off the existingstyle without interfering with it.

In the rooms specifically intended to house the exhibitions, Ando installed free-standing white partitions that mask the walls without touching them. Set slightly forwardfrom the walls, they leave the passageways and their marble surrounds open to view.

The lighting , created by Ferrara-Palladino srl, is also self-contained. Hollow metal beamsin deliberate contrast with the high, ornate ceilingshouse the safety equipment andlighting appliances.

The extremely restricted scope of these additions and their reduced color paletteenhance the Palazzos architecture and decorative features while generating the tranquilatmosphere essential for the contemplation of the works on display.

Lastly, a sheet of transparent fabric was hung underneath the glass roof of the atrium,masking the armature and causing the glorious Venetian light to create a diffuse glow in thespace beneath.

MADAME FISSCHER offers a journey through Urs Fischers artistic career fromthe nineties to today. His work, characterized by humor, penchant for paradox, and virtuosityof execution, employs simultaneously an extraordinary diversity of media and materials. Itcalls into question the history of art and sculpture, our relationship to the body, the notion of time and the status of the object.

Urs Fischers art, which privileges polysemy and complexity, avoids any academicweightiness or univocal interpretation. With its combination of illusion and reality, violenceand humor, his creative universe appears both logical and absurd. The artist creates unstableequilibriums, whose meaning seems to be constantly shifting. The exhibitions title itself,

Madame Fisscher (after the title of the work installed in the museums atrium), points tothis rejection of a unique interpretation. Does it refer to the artist, his companion, his mother,or perhaps to Madame Tussaud and her famous wax museum? Eliciting in turn - andsometimes simultaneously - surprise, doubt, puzzlement, and concern, the exhibition unfolds

precisely in this logic of indetermination and movement.


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Punta della Dogana

The center of for contemporary art

Triangular shaped Punta della Dogana separates the Grand Canal and the GiudeccaCanal. As a center for contemporary art, the former customs house of the city presents a

permanent exhibition of works from the Franois Pinault Collection , the institution whowanted and sponsered the transition of this masterpiece of architecture, so emblematic to thecity, from its eminently commercial function to port of contemporary art and ideal venue toshare it with the world.

15th CenturyThe customs houses, which were located at Castello close to the Arsenal, are divided intoCustoms of Land and Customs of Sea. The latter is then relocated to Punta della Dogana, atthe tip of the island of Dorsoduro, named Punta del Sale because of the salt warehouseswhich were built there.

1631Beginning of the building works of the Basilica Santa Maria della Salute, to thank the Virginfor having put an end to the epidemic of plague, prevailing the previous year. Works areentrusted to Baldassare Longhena.

1677The rebuilding works of Punta della Dogana, undertaken by Giuseppe Benoni, begin in 1677.He has the aim of building a tower at the end of the island, surmounted by a statue, carried out

by Bernardo Falcone, representing two atlases supporting a gilded globe upon which standsthe allegory of Fortuna, that indicates the direction of the wind.

18th 19th centuryPunta della Dogana undergoes various transformations and restoration works, in particular those made by the Austrians who invested the building during the occupation and those of thearchitect Alvise Pigazzi who renovated the building between 1835 and 1838.

19 July 2006The City of Venice launches a contest for the creation of a center for contemporary art atPunta della Dogana. Palazzo Grassi, under the direction of Jean-Jacques Aillagon, is acandidate in competition with the Fondazione Solomon R. Guggenheim.

27 April 2007Palazzo Grassi wins the contest for the creation of a center for contemporary art at Punta dellaDogana, entirely renovated by the architect Tadao Ando, which will shelter a selection of works from the Franois Pinault Foundation.

8 June 2007Signing of the partnership between the City of Venice and Palazzo Grassi for 33 years. Public


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presentation of the architectural project by Tadao Ando about the new center for contemporary art at Punta della Dogana.

From 21 January 2008 to 16 March 2009Restoration work (14 months).

6 June 2009Opening to the public of the exhibition Mapping the Studio: Artists from the Franois

Pinault Collection at Punta della Dogana and Palazzo Grassi.

Punta della Dogana project

Tadao Ando drew up his plans for the new centre quickly. In effect, if one looks at hisdrawings one sees that, from the first, the broad outlines of the project were clear in his mind.The characteristic layout of the former warehouses, which occupy the triangular tongue of land where the Grand Canal meets the Giudecca Canal, was to be maintained.

And while extensive work on the foundations was to be carried out to safeguard thestructure from humidity and high water the layout of the existing lofts was to be modified inorder to create a space able to house the artworks of the Franois Pinault Collection. At a

point almost dead-centre of the triangular floor plan, Ando immediately envisaged thecreation of a new space standing the entire height of the building: a sort of pivot for the entirelayout, this would occupy one of the middle warehouse aisles and was to be created in smoothand polished cement, a material that is now a recognised leitmotif of Andos architecture.This axial point through which run all the routes within the structure forms a cube, risingvertically within the volume of the building.

The work of restoration had to remove the unwanted accretions that had accumulatedover time, with the new partition walls, stairs, walkways and service facilities all clearlyidentified as such. In effect, there is no attempt to disguise these new additions within the old

body of the structure. Instead, there is a continual play of juxtaposition almost as if Andosintention were to insert within the ancient building new volumes and levels that seem to mark out the stratifications added over time, organising them into a veritable spectacle of thestructures own history.

Finally, he had the idea of creating gates for the water entrances that are explicitquotations of the wonderful gate that Carlo Scarpa designed in 1956. The design of these new

doors and windows, though very modern, effectively employed Venetian traditional craft.Tadao Ando has thus succeeded in establishing a dialogue between old and new elements,creating a link between the history of the building, its present and its future.

From April 10th 2011 Punta della Dogana will show In Praise of Doubt , curated byCaroline Bourgeois, a presentation of historical pieces and new works including several site-specific projects that question the idea of uncertainty, our convictions about identity, andrevisit the relationship between intimate space and the space of artwork.Among the twenty artists in the exhibition In Praise of Doubt , almost half of them have never

been included in previous exhibitions of the Franois Pinault Collection.

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