arterial blood gas analysis
DESCRIPTION
ABG analysisTRANSCRIPT
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BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS
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OBJECTIVES
• What is blood gas analysis?• Purpose?• Procedure, preparation,
aftercare?• Normal and abnormal results?
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WHAT
?
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BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS
• Known as arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis.
• A procedure to measure the partial pressure of Oxygen (O2 ) and
• the carbon dioxide gases (CO2 ) and• the pH(Hyrdrogen ion concentration)
in arterial blood.
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PURPOSE
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• Evaluates how effectively the lungs are delivering O2 to the blood and
• How effectively they are eliminating CO2 from it.
• The test also indicates how well the lungs and kidneys are interacting to maintain normal blood pH(acid-base balance).
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Procedure
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• The blood sample is obtained by arterial puncture(usually in the wrist,although it could be in the groin arm
• Or from an arterial line already in place.
• If a puncture is needed,the skin over the artery is cleaned with antiseptic.
• A technician then collects the blood with a small sterile needle attached to a disposable syringe.
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• The patient may feel a brief throbbing or cramping at the site of the puncture.• After the blood is drawn,the sample must be transported to the laboratory as soon as posible for analysis.
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Preparation
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• There are NO special preparations.
• Patients have NO restrictions on DRINKING or EATING before the test.
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• If,the patient is receiving oxygen,the oxygen concentration must remain the same for 20 mins before the test;
• if the test is to be taken without oxygen ,the gas must be turn off for 20 mins before the test is taken.
• The patient also should breath normally during the test.
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Aftercare
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• After the blood has been taken,• the technian or the patient applies
pressure to be puncture site 10 – 15 mins to stop the bleeding,and
• Then places a dressing over the puncture site.
• Health care workers will observe the patient for signs of bleeding or circulation problems.
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RISKS
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• Risks are very low when the test is done correctly.
• Risks include bleeding or bruising at the site,
• Or delayed delayed bleeding from the site.
• Very rarely,there may be a problem with circulation in the puncture area.
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Results>NORMAL
>ABNORMAL
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Result Normal range Abnormal Description
Partial pressure of oxygen
75-100 mm Hg Other results
that differ the normal range.
A low PO2 indicates that the patient is not oxygenating properly, and is hypoxemic. (Note that a low PO2 is not required for the patient to have hypoxia.) At a PO2 of less than 60 mm Hg, supplemental oxygen should be administered. At a PO2 of less than 26 mmHg, the patient is at risk of death and must be oxygenated immediately.
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
35-45 mm Hg
the carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2) is an indicator of CO2 production and elimination: for a constant metabolic rate, the PCO2 is determined entirely by its elimination through ventilation. A high PCO2(respiratory acidosis, alternatively hypercapnia) indicates underventilation (or, more rarely, a hypermetabolic disorder), a low PCO2 (respiratory alkalosis, alternatively hypocapnia) hyper- or overventilation.
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Result Normal range
Abnormal Description
Oxygen content(O2CT)
15-23%
Other results
that differ the normal
range.
This is the sum of oxygen dissolved in plasma and chemically bound to hemoglobin .
Oxygen saturation(SaO2)
94-100%
Measures how much of the hemoglobin in the red blood cells is carrying oxygen (O2).
Bicarbonate(HCO3)
22-26 mEq/L
The HCO3− ion indicates
whether a metabolic problem is present (Eg:ketoacidosis). A low HCO3
−indicates metabolic acidosis, a high HCO3
− indicates metabolic alkalosis.
pH 7.35- 7.47
The pH or H+ indicates if a patient is acidemic or alkalemic.
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