article 6 of the revised penal code case digest

7/25/2019 Article 6 of the Revised Penal Code Case Digest

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FULL TEXT OF PEOPLE VS CAMPUHAN, 329 SCRA 720

EN BANC

[G.R. No. 129433. Mar! 30, 2000"

PEOPLE OF THE PH#L#PP#NES,plaintif, vs. PR#MO CAMPUHAN $

%ELLO, accused.

& E C # S # O N

%ELLOS#LLO,J.'

On 3 April 1990 this Court in People v. Orita[1]fnally did aay ith !rustratedrape["]and alloed only atte#pted rape and $onsu##ated rape to re#ain in our

statute %oo&s. 'he instant $ase lur&s at the threshold o! another e#as$ulation o!

the sta(es o! e)e$ution o! rape %y $onsiderin( al#ost every atte#pt at se)ual

violation o! a o#an as $onsu##ated rape* that is* i! the $ontrary vie ere to

%e adopted. 'he dan(er there is that that $on$ept #ay send the ron( si(nal to

every roa#in( lothario* henever the opportunity %ares itsel!* to %etter intrude

ith $li#a$ti$ gusto* sans any restraint* sin$e a!ter all any atte#pted !orni$ation

ould %e $onsidered $onsu##ated rape and punished as su$h. A #ere strafng

o the citadel o passionould then %e $onsidered a deadly ait accompli* hi$h

is a%surd.

+n Oritae held that rape as $onsu##ated !ro# the #o#ent the o,ender had

$arnal &noled(e o! the vi$ti# sin$e %y it he attained his o%-e$tive. All the

ele#ents o! the o,ense ere already present and nothin( #ore as le!t !or the

o,ender to do* havin( per!or#ed all the a$ts ne$essary to produ$e the $ri#e and

a$$o#plish it. e ruled then that per!e$t penetration as not essential/ any

penetration o! the !e#ale or(an %y the #ale or(an* hoever sli(ht* as

su$ient. 'he Court !urther held that entry o! the labiaor lips o! the !e#ale

or(an* even ithout rupture o! the hy#en or la$eration o! the va(ina* as

su$ient to arrant $onvi$tion !or $onsu##ated rape. e distin(uished$onsu##ated rape !ro# atte#pted rape here there as no penetrationo! the

!e#ale or(an %e$ause not all a$ts o! e)e$ution ere per!or#ed as the o,ender

#erely $o##en$ed the $o##ission o! a !elony dire$tly %y overt a$ts.[3]'he

in!eren$e that #ay %e derived there!ro# is that $o#plete or !ull penetration o!

the va(ina is not reuired !or rape to %e $onsu##ated. Any penetration* in

hatever de(ree* is enou(h to raise the $ri#e to its $onsu##ated sta(e.

But the Court in Orita$larifed the $on$ept o! penetration in rape %y reuirin(

entry into the labiaor lips o! the !e#ale or(an* even i! there %e no rupture o! the

hy#en or la$eration o! the va(ina* to arrant a $onvi$tion !or $onsu##atedrape. hile the entry o! the penis into the lips o! the !e#ale or(an as

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$onsidered synony#ous ith mere touchingo! the e)ternal (enitalia* e.(.* labia

majora* labia minora* et$.*[]the $ru$ial do$trinal %otto# line is

that touching #ust%eine)tri$a%ly vieed in li(ht o!* in relation to* or as an

essential part o!* the pro$ess o! penile penetration* and not just mere touching in

the ordinary sense. +n other ords* the touching#ust %e ta$&ed to the

penetration itsel!. 'he i#portan$e o! the reuire#ent o! penetration* hoeversli(ht* $annot %e (ainsaid %e$ause here entry into the labiaor the lips o! the

!e#ale (enitalia has not %een esta%lished* the $ri#e $o##itted a#ounts #erely

to atte#pted rape.

4erily* this should %e the indiciumo! the Court in deter#inin( hether rape has

%een $o##itted either in its atte#pted or in its $onsu##ated sta(e/ otherise*

no su%stantial distin$tion ould e)ist %eteen the to* despite the !a$t that

penalty5ise* this distin$tion* thread%are as it #ay see#* irrevo$a%ly spells the

di,eren$e %eteen li!e and death !or the a$$used 5 a re$lusive li!e that is not

evenperpetua %ut only temporalon one hand* and the ulti#ate e)ter#ination o!li!e on the other. And* ar(uin( on another level* i! the $ase at %ar $annot %e

dee#ed atte#pted %ut $onsu##ated rape* hat then ould $onstitute

atte#pted rape6 7ust our feld o! $hoi$e %e thus li#ited only to $onsu##ated

rape and a$ts o! las$iviousness sin$e atte#pted rape ould no lon(er %e

possi%le in li(ht o! the vie o! those ho disa(ree ith thisponencia6

On "8 7ay 1998 Pri#o Ca#puhan y Belloas !ound (uilty o! statutory rape and

senten$ed %y the $ourt a quoto the e)tre#e penalty o! death*[]hen$e this $ase

%e!ore us on auto#ati$ revie under Art. 33 o! the :evised Penal Code as

a#ended %y :A 8;9.[;]

As #ay %e $ulled !ro# the eviden$e on re$ord* on " April 199;* at around

o$lo$& in the a!ternoon* 7a. Cora5year old

Crysthel Pa#intuan* ent don !ro# the se$ond ?oor o! their house to prepare

7ilo $ho$olate drin&s !or her to ="> $hildren. At the (round ?oor she #et Pri#o

Ca#puhan ho as then %usy fllin( s#all plasti$ %a(s ith ater to %e !ro


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nei(h%ors to $all the barangay o$ials instead o! detainin( hi# !or his #isdeed.

Physi$al e)a#ination o! the vi$ti# yielded ne(ative results. No evident si(n o!

e)tra5(enital physi$al in-ury as noted %y the #edi$o5le(al o$er on Crysthels

%ody as her hy#en as inta$t and its orif$e as only 0. $#. in dia#eter.

Pri#o Ca#puhan had only hi#sel! !or a itness in his de!ense. e #aintained hisinno$en$e and assailed the $har(e as a #ere s$he#e o! CrysthelFs #other ho

alle(edly har%ored ill ill a(ainst hi# !or his re!usal to run an errand !or her.[9]e

asserted that in truth Crysthel as in a playin( #ood and anted to ride on his

%a$& hen she suddenly pulled hi# don $ausin( %oth o! the# to !all don on

the ?oor. +t as in this !allen position that Cora


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+n $onvi$tin( the a$$used* the trial $ourt relied uite heavily on the testi#ony o!

Cora


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se%a$eous (lands. Hire$tly %eneath the labia majorais the labia minora.[1]@urispruden$e di$tates that the labia majora#ust %eentered !or rape to %e

$onsu##ated*[1;]and not #erely !or the penis to stro&e the sur!a$e o! the !e#ale

or(an. 'hus* a (ra


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contact as at all a$hieved. 'o hold otherise ould %e to resolve the dou%t in

!avor o! the prose$ution %ut to run rou(hshod over the $onstitutional ri(ht o! the

a$$used to %e presu#ed inno$ent.

Cora5year old $hild* hose vo$a%ulary is yet as

underdeveloped as her se) and hose lan(ua(e is %ere!t o! orldly

sophisti$ation* an adult interpretation that %e$ause the penis o! the

a$$used touched her or(an there as se)ual entry. Nor $an it %e dedu$ed that in

tryin( to penetrate the vi$ti#Fs or(an the penis o! the a$$used touched the

#iddle portion o! her va(ina and entered the labiao! herpudendumas the

prose$ution !ailed to esta%lish su$iently that Pri#o #ade e,orts to penetrate

Crysthel.[""]Cora


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Antitheti$ally* the possi%ility o! Pri#os penis havin( %rea$hed Crysthels va(ina is

%elied %y the $hildFs on assertion that she resisted Pri#os advan$es %y puttin(

her le(s $lose to(ether/["]$onseuently* she did not !eel any intense pain %ut -ust

!elt not happy a%out hat Pri#o did to her. ["]'hus* she only shouted Ayo'ko,

ayo'ko not Aray ko, aray ko +n $ases here penetration as not !ully

esta%lished* the Court had an$hored its $on$lusion that rape nevertheless as$onsu##ated on the vi$ti#Fs testi#ony that she elt pain* or the #edi$o5le(al

fndin( o! discoloration in the inner lips o the vagina, or the labia minora &as

already gaping &ith redness, or the hymenal tags &ere no longer visible .[";]None

as shon in this $ase. Althou(h a $hildFs testi#ony #ust %e re$eived ith due

$onsideration on a$$ount o! her tender a(e* the Court endeavors at the sa#e

ti#e to harness only hat in her story appears to %e true* a$utely aare o! the

eually (uaranteed ri(hts o! the a$$used. 'hus* e have to $on$lude that even

on the %asis o! the testi#ony o! Crysthel alone the a$$used $annot %e held lia%le

!or $onsu##ated rape/ orse* %e senten$ed to death.

Mastly* it is pertinent to #ention the #edi$o le(al o$erFs fndin( in this $ase

that there ere no e)ternal si(ns o! physi$al in-uries on $o#plainin( itness

%ody to $on$lude !ro# a #edi$al perspe$tive that penetration had ta&en pla$e.

As Hr. Aurea P. 4illena e)plained* althou(h the a%sen$e o! $o#plete penetration

o! the hy#en does not ne(ate the possi%ility o! contact* she $larifed that there

as no #edi$al %asis to hold that there as se)ual $onta$t %eteen the a$$used

and the vi$ti#.["8]

+n $ases o! rape here there is a positive testi#ony and a #edi$al $ertif$ate*

%oth should in all respe$ts $o#ple#ent ea$h other/ otherise* to rely on thetesti#onial eviden$e alone* in utter disre(ard o! the #ani!est varian$e in the

#edi$al $ertif$ate* ould %e produ$tive o! unarranted or even #is$hievous

results. +t is ne$essary to $are!ully as$ertain hether the penis o! the a$$used in

reality entered the la%ialthreshold o! the !e#ale or(an to a$$urately $on$lude

that rape as $onsu##ated. Kailin( in this* the thin line that separates

atte#pted rape !ro# $onsu##ated rape ill si(nif$antly disappear.

Gnder Art. ;* in relation to Art. 33* o! the :evised Penal Code* rape is atte#pted

hen the o,ender $o##en$es the $o##ission o! rape dire$tly %y overt a$ts*

and does not per!or# all the a$ts o! e)e$ution hi$h should produ$e the $ri#e o!rape %y reason o! so#e $ause or a$$ident other than his on spontaneous

desistan$e. All the ele#ents o! atte#pted rape 5 and only o! atte#pted rape 5 are

present in the instant $ase* hen$e* the a$$used should %e punished only !or it.

'he penalty !or atte#pted rape is to ="> de(rees loer than the i#posa%le

penalty o! death !or the o,ense $har(ed* hi$h is statutory rape o! a #inor

%elo seven =8> years. 'o ="> de(rees loer is reclusion temporal* the ran(e o!

hi$h is telve =1"> years and one =1> day to tenty ="0> years. Applyin( the

+ndeter#inate enten$e Ma* and in the a%sen$e o! any #iti(atin( or

a((ravatin( $ir$u#stan$e* the #a)i#u# o! the penalty to %e i#posed upon thea$$used shall %e ta&en !ro# the #ediu# period o! reclusion temporal* the ran(e

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o! hi$h is !ourteen =1> years* ei(ht =D> #onths and =1> day to seventeen =18>

years and !our => #onths* hile the #ini#u# shall %e ta&en !ro# the penalty

ne)t loer in de(ree* hi$h isprision mayor* the ran(e o! hi$h is !ro# si) =;>

years and one =1> day to telve =1"> years* in any o! its periods.

(HEREFORE* the He$ision o! the $ourt a quofndin( a$$used P:+7O ONNLCA7PGAN L BEMMO (uilty o! statutory rape and senten$in( hi# to death and to

pay da#a(es isMOF#E&. e is instead !ound (uilty o! A''E7P'EH :APE and

senten$ed to an indeter#inate prison ter# o! ei(ht =D> years !our => #onths and

ten =10> days o!prision mayor#ediu# as #ini#u#* to !ourteen =1> years ten

=10> #onths and tenty ="0> days o! reclusion temporal#ediu# as #a)i#u#.

Costs de ofcio.

SO OR&ERE&.

!avide, r, (, )elo, Puno, *itug, +apunan, )endoa, uisumbing, Purisima,Pardo, .uena, /onaga-0eyes, 1nares-2antiago, and!e 3eon, r, , $on$ur.

Panganiban, , in the result.

[1]People v. Ceilito Orita alias Mito* .:. No. DD8"* 3 April 1990* 1D C:A 10.["]People vEriia* 0 Phil. 99D =19"8>[3]

ee Note 1.[]People v. Juinaola* .:. No. 1";1D* 7ay 1999.[]He$ision penned %y @ud(e Ben-a#in '. Antonio* :'C5Br. 180* 7ala%on* 7etro

7anila =Cri#. Case No. 1;D857N>[;]An A$t to +#pose the Heath Penalty on Certain einous Cri#es* A#endin( !or

that Purpose the :evised Penal Code* as a#ended* other pe$ial Penal Mas* and

!or Other Purposes* e,e$tive on 31 He$e#%er 1993.[8]Ayo&o* apparently is a $ontra$tion o! aya &o. Ayo&o* ayo&o #eans +

dont li&e* + dont li&e.[D]Cora


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Clopino* .:. No. 1183""* "1 7ay 199D* "90 C:A 3"/ People v. Juinaola* .:.

No. 1";1D* 7ay 1999.[13]People vNavarro* .:. No. 9;"1* 11 7ay 1993* ""1 C:A ;D.[1]+n People v. Juinaola =.:. No. 1";1D* 7ay 1999> the Court held the ord

tou$hin( to %e synony#ous ith the entry %y the penis into the la%ia de$larin(

that ) ) ) the $ri#e o! rape is dee#ed $onsu##ated even hen the #ans penis#erely entered the la%ia or lips o! the !e#ale or(an* or as on$e said in a $ase* %y

the #ere tou$hin( o! the e)ternal (enitalia %y the penis $apa%le o! se)ual a$t ) )

) )[1]7ishell* ten$hever* Hroe(e#ueller* er%st Co#prehensive yne$olo(y* 3rd

Ed.* 1998* pp. "5.[1;]People v. Es$o%er* .:. Nos. 1""9D05D1* ; Nove#%er 1998* "D1 C:A 9D/

People v. ali#%a* .:. Nos. 111;35;* "0 Ke%ruary 199;* "3 C:A 8""/

People van$he


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into her (enitalia. 'he sa#e in!eren$e $annot %e #ade in the instant $ase

%e$ause o! the varian$e in the !a$tual #ilieu.["3]He$isions fndin( the a$$used (uilty o! $onsu##ated rape even i! the

atta$&erFs penis #erely tou$hed the !e#ale e)ternal (enitalia ere #ade in the

$onte)t o! the presen$e o! an ere$t penis $apa%le o! !ull penetration* !ailin( in

hi$h there $an %e no $onsu##ated rape =People vHe la Pea* see Note 11>["]ee Note 1;* p. "1.["]4bid[";]People v4illa#ayor* .:. Nos. 98858;* 1D @uly 1991* 199 C:A 8"/

People vPali$te* .:. No. 1010DD* "8 @anuary 199* ""9 C:A 3/

People van$he


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Ca)* &+*)- o P*o/* ) Ca/!a, 329 SCRA 270

Lessons Applicable: Statutory vs Attempted Rape

Laws Applicable: Article 6

Fa-)' Pri#o Ca#puhan as !ound (uilty o! statutory rape and senten$ed hi# a

penalty o! death. Be!ore the $ase as fled at $ourt* he alle(ed !olloin(I

On April "* 199;* 7a. Cora


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$ould easily %e heard and responded to* ould have %een enou(h to deter

hi# !ro# $o##ittin( the $ri#e. Besides* the door o! the roo# as ide

open !or any%ody to see hat $ould %e ta&in( pla$e inside. Pri#o insists that it as al#ost in$on$eiva%le that Cora


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=10> #onths and tenty ="0> days o!reclusion temporal#ediu# as #a)i#u#.

Costs de ofcio.

FULL TEXT OF PEOPLE VS LAMAHANG, 1 PH#L 703:epu%li$ o! the Philippines

SUPREME COURT

7anila

EN BANC

G.R. No. L643830 A)- 3, 1938

THE PEOPLE OF THE PH#L#PP#NE #SLAN&S,plainti,5appellee*

vs.

AUREL#O LAMAHANG,de!endant5appellant.

5onesto + .ausa or appellant

O6ce o the 2olicitor-/eneral 5ilado or appellee

RECTO,J.:

'he de!endant Aurelio Ma#ahan( is %e!ore this $ourt on appeal !ro# a de$ision o!

the Court o! Kirst +nstan$e o! +loilo* fndin( hi# (uilty o! atte#pted ro%%ery and

senten$in( hi# to su,er to years and !our #onths o!prision correccional and to

an additional penalty o! ten years and one day o!prision mayor !or %ein( an

ha%itual delinuent* ith the a$$essory penalties o! the la* and to pay the $osts

o! the pro$eedin(.

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At early dan on 7ar$h "* 193* poli$e#an @ose 'o#a#%in(* ho as patrollin(

his %eat on Hel(ado and C.:. Kuentes streets o! the City o! +loilo* $au(ht the

a$$used in the a$t o! #a&in( an openin( ith an iron %ar on the all o! a store o!

$heap (oods lo$ated on the last na#ed street. At that ti#e the oner o! the

store* 'an Lu* as sleepin( inside ith another China#an. 'he a$$used had only

su$$eeded in %rea&in( one %oard and in un!astenin( another !ro# the all* henthe poli$e#an shoed up* ho instantly arrested hi# and pla$ed hi# under

$ustody.

'he !a$t a%ove stated as $onsidered and de$lared unani#ously %y the

provin$ial fs$al o! +loilo* the trial -ud(e and the oli$itor5eneral* as $onstitutin(

atte#pted ro%%ery* hi$h e thin& is erroneous.

+t is our opinion that the atte#pt to $o##it an o,ense hi$h the Penal Code

punishes is that hi$h has a lo(i$al relation to a parti$ular* $on$rete o,ense/

that* hi$h is the %e(innin( o! the e)e$ution o! the o,ense %y overt a$ts o! the

perpetrator* leadin( dire$tly to its reali


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$annot e)a$tly %e as$ertained* %ut the sa#e #ust %e in!erred !ro# the nature o!

the a$ts e)e$uted =accion medio>. en$e* the ne$essity that these a$ts %e su$h

that %y their very nature* %y the !a$ts to hi$h they are related* %y the

$ir$u#stan$es o! the persons per!or#in( the sa#e* and %y the thin(s $onne$ted

thereith* they #ust sho ithout any dou%t* that they are ai#ed at the

$onsu##ation o! a $ri#e. A$ts sus$epti%le o! dou%le interpretation * that is* in!avor as ell as a(ainst the $ulprit* and hi$h sho an inno$ent as ell as a

punisha%le a$t* #ust not and $an not !urnish (rounds %y the#selves !or

atte#pted nor !rustrated $ri#es. 'he relation e)istin( %eteen the !a$ts

su%#itted !or appre$iation and the o,ense hi$h said !a$ts are supposed to

produ$e #ust %e dire$t/ the intention #ust %e as$ertained !ro# the !a$ts and

there!ore it is ne$essary* in order to avoid re(retta%le instan$es o! in-usti$e* that

the #ind %e a%le to dire$tly in!er !ro# the# the intention o! the perpetrator to

$ause a parti$ular in-ury. 'his #ust have %een the intention o! the le(islator in

reuirin( that in order !or an atte#pt to e)ist* the o,ender #ust $o##en$e the

$o##ission o! the !elony dire$tly %y overt a$ts* that is to say* that the a$tsper!or#ed #ust %e su$h that* ithout the intent to $o##it an o,ense* they

ould %e #eanin(less.

4iada =4ol. +* p. 8> holds the sa#e opinion hen he says that the overt a$ts

leadin( to the $o##ission o! the o,ense* are not punished e)$ept hen they are

ai#ed dire$tly to its e)e$ution* and there!ore they #ust have an i##ediate and

ne$essary relation to the o,ense.

Considerin( S says the upre#e Court o! pain in its de$ision o! 7ar$h "1* 1D9"

S that in order to de$lare that su$h and su$h overt a$ts $onstitute an atte#pted

o,ense it is ne$essary that their o%-e$tive %e &non and esta%lished* or that saida$ts %e o! su$h nature that they the#selves should o%viously dis$lose the

$ri#inal o%-e$tive ne$essarily intended* said o%-e$tive and fnality to serve as

(round !or the desi(nation o! the o,enseI . . . .

+n vie o! the !ore(oin(* e are o! the opinion* and so hold that the !a$t under

$onsideration does not $onstitute atte#pted ro%%ery %ut atte#pted trespass to

dellin( =People vs. 'aya( and 7orales* 9 Phil.* ;0;* and de$isions o! the

upre#e Court o! pain therein $ited>. Gnder arti$le "D0 o! the :evised Penal

Code* this o,ense is $o##itted hen a private person shall enter the dellin( o!

another a(ainst the latterFs ill. 'he a$$used #ay %e $onvi$ted and senten$ed

!or an atte#pt to $o##it this o,ense in a$$ordan$e ith the eviden$e and the

!olloin( alle(ation $ontained in the in!or#ationI ... the a$$used ar#ed ith an

iron %ar !or$ed the all o! said store %y %rea&in( a %oard and un!astenin(

another !or the purpose o! enterin( said store ... and that the a$$used did not

su$$eed in enterin( the store due to the presen$e o! the poli$e#an on %eat @ose

'o#a#%in(* ho upon hearin( the noise produ$ed %y the %rea&in( o! the all*

pro#ptly approa$hed the a$$used ... . Gnder the $ir$u#stan$es o! this $ase the

prohi%ition o! the oner or in#ate is presu#ed. =G.. vs. Ostrea* " Phil.* 93/

G..vs. ilvano* 31 Phil.* 09F G.. vs. 'i$son* " Phil.* ;8/ G.. vs. 7esina* "1

Phil.* ;1/ G.. vs. 4illanueva* 1D Phil.* "1/ G.. vs. Panes* " Phil.* "9".> A(ainst

the a$$used #ust %e ta&en into $onsideration the a((ravatin( $ir$u#stan$es o!

1 2 P a ( e


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ni(htti#e and !or#er $onvi$tions* S inas#u$h as the re$ord shos that several

fnal -ud(#ents !or ro%%ery and the!t have %een rendered a(ainst hi# S and in

his !avor* the #iti(atin( $ir$u#stan$e o! la$& o! instru$tion. 'he %rea&in( o! the

all should not %e ta&en into $onsideration as an a((ravatin( $ir$u#stan$e

inas#u$h as this is the very !a$t hi$h in this $ase $onstitutes the o,ense o!

atte#pted trespass to dellin(.

'he penalty provided %y the :evised Penal Code !or the $onsu##ated o,ense o!

trespass to dellin(* i! $o##itted ith !or$e* isprision correccional in its

#ediu# and #a)i#u# periods and a fne not e)$eedin( P1*000 =art. "D0* par.

">/ there!ore the penalty $orrespondin( to atte#pted trespass to dellin( is to

de(rees loer =art. 1>* or* arresto mayorin its #ini#u# and #ediu# periods.

Be$ause o! the presen$e o! to a((ravatin( $ir$u#stan$es and one #iti(atin(

$ir$u#stan$e the penalty #ust %e i#posed in its #a)i#u# period. Pursuant to

arti$le "9 o! the sa#e Code* the a$$used is not entitled to $redit !or one5hal! o!

his preventive i#prison#ent.here!ore* the senten$e appealed !ro# is revo&ed and the a$$used is here%y

held (uilty o! atte#pted trespass to dellin(* $o##itted %y #eans o! !or$e* ith

the a!oresaid a((ravatin( and #iti(atin( $ir$u#stan$es and senten$ed to three

#onths and one day o! arresto mayor* ith the a$$essory penalties thereo! and

to pay the $osts.

Avance7a, (, Abad 2antos, 5ull, and *ickers, , concur

CASE GEST OF PEOPLE VS LAMAHANG

Lessons Applicable: Elements o Attempted Robbery

Laws Applicable: Article 6 o Revised enal !ode

Fa-)' Aurelio Ma#ahan( as $au(ht openin( ith an iron %ar a all o! a store$heap (oods in Kuentes* +loilo. e %ro&e one %oard and as un!astenin( another

1; 2 P a ( e


17/26

hen a patrollin( poli$e $au(ht hi#. Oners o! the store ere sleepin( insidestore as it as early don. Convi$ted o! atte#pt o! rape.

#))*)'

hether or not $ri#e is atte#pted ro%%ery6

H*5'

No5 Atte#pted trespass to dellin(. Atte#pt should have lo(i$al relation to a

parti$ular and $on$rete o,ense hi$h ould lead dire$tly to $onsu##ation.

Ne$essary to esta%lish unavoida%le $onne$tion T lo(i$al T natural relation o!$ause and e,e$t. +#portant to sho $lear intent to $o##it $ri#e. +n $ase at %ar*

e $an only in!er that his intent as to enter %y !or$e* other in!eren$esare not -ustifed %y !a$ts. roi


18/26

PEOPLE OF THE PH#L#PP#NES, plainti,5appellee*

vs.

%#ENVEN#&O SALV#LLA, RE$NAL&O CANASARES, RONAL&O CANASARES,

a5 S#MPL#C#O CANASARES, %#ENVEN#&O SALV#LLA, de!endant5appellant.

8he 2olicitor /eneral or plainti9-appellee0esurreccion 2 2alvilla or deendant-appellant

MELENC#O6HERRERA,J.:

A$$used Bienvenido alvilla alone appeals !ro# the He$ision o! the :e(ional 'rial

Court* Bran$h "D* +loilo City* Udated "9 Au(ust 19DD* in Cri#inal Case No. "009"*

fndin( hi# and his $o5a$$used :eynaldo* :onaldo and i#pli$io* all surna#ed

Canasares* (uilty %eyond reasona%le dou%t o! the $ri#e o! :o%%ery ith erious

Physi$al +n-uries and erious +lle(al Hetention and senten$in( the# to su,er the

penalty o! reclusion perpetua.

'he +n!or#ation fled a(ainst the# readsI

'he undersi(ned City Kis$al a$$uses B+EN4EN+HO AM4+MMA* :ELNAMHO

CANAA:E* :ONAMHO CANAA:E* and +7PM+C+O CANAA:E* hose

#aternal surna#es* dated and pla$es o! %irth $annot %e as$ertained o! the $ri#e

o! :OBBE:L +' E:+OG PL+CAM +N@G:+E ANH E:+OG +MMEAM

HE'EN'+ON =Art* "9* para(raph 3* in $on-un$tion ith Arti$le ";8 o! the :evised

Penal Code>* $o##itted as !ollosI

'hat on or a%out the 1"th day o! April* 19D;* in the City o! +loilo* Philippines and

ithin the -urisdi$tion o! this Court* said a$$used* $onspirin( and $on!ederatin(

a#on( the#selves* or&in( to(ether and helpin( one another* ar#ed ith (uns

and hand(renade and ith the use o! violen$e or inti#idation e#ployed on the

person o! everino Cho$o* 7ary Cho$o* 7i#ie Cho$o and :odita a%lero did then

and there il!ully* unla!ully and $ri#inally ta&e and $arry aay* ith intent o!

(ain* $ash in the a#ount o! P"0*000.00* to ="> 7enFs rist at$hes* one =1>

MadyFs ei&o uart< rist at$h and one =1> MadyFs Citi 7enFs rist at$hes* to ="> ladyFs ristat$hes* one =1> .3D $ali%er revolver and one =1> live (renade ere re$overed

1D 2 P a ( e


19/26

!ro# the a$$used/ to the da#a(e and pre-udi$e o! the Ne +loilo Mu#%er

Co#pany in the a#ount o! P1"0*000.00.

'he eviden$e !or the prose$ution #ay %e re5stated as !ollosI

On 1" April 19D;* a ro%%ery as sta(ed %y the !our a$$used at the Ne +loilo

Mu#%er Lard at a%out noon ti#e. 'he plan as hat$hed a%out to days %e!ore.

'he a$$used ere ar#ed ith ho#e#ade (uns and a hand (renade. hen they

entered the esta%lish#ent* they #et :odita a%lero an e#ployee thereat ho

as on her ay out !or her #eal %rea& and announ$ed to her that it as a hold5

up. he as #ade to (o %a$& to the o$e and there Appellant alvilla pointed

his (un at the oner* everino Cho$o* and his to dau(hters* 7ary and 7i#ie

the latter %ein( a #inor 1 years o! a(e* and told the !or#er that all they needed

as #oney. earin( this* everino told his dau(hter* 7ary* to (et a paper %a(

herein he pla$ed P"0*000.00 $ash =P*000.00* a$$ordin( to the de!ense> and

handed it to Appellant. 'herea!ter* everino pleaded ith the !our a$$used to

leave the pre#ises as they already had the #oney %ut they paid no heed.+nstead* a$$used i#pli$io Canasares too& the allet and ristat$h o! everino

a!ter hi$h the latter* his to dau(hters* and :odita* ere herded to the o$e

and &ept there as hosta(es.

At a%out "I00 oF$lo$& o! the sa#e day* the hosta(es ere alloed to eat. 'he

!our a$$used also too& turns eatin( hile the others stood (uard. 'hen* Appellant

told everino to produ$e P100*000.00 so he and the other hosta(es $ould %e

released. everino ansered that he $ould not do so %e$ause it as a aturday

and the %an&s ere $losed.

+n the #eanti#e* poli$e and #ilitary authorities had surrounded the pre#ises o!the lu#%er yard. 7a-or 7eluiades B. euio tation Co##ander o! the +NP o!

+loilo City* ne(otiated ith the a$$used usin( a loud spea&er and appealed to

the# to surrender ith the assuran$e that no har# ould %e!all the# as he

ould a$$o#pany the# personally to the poli$e station. 'he a$$used re!used to

surrender or to release the hosta(es.

'herea!ter* O+C 7ayor* :osa Cara#* o! +loilo City arrived and -oined the

ne(otiations. +n her dialo(ue ith the a$$used* hi$h lasted !or a%out !our hours*

Appellant de#anded P100*000.00* a $oaster* and so#e rain$oats. he o,ered

the# P0*000.00 instead* e)plainin( the di$ulty o! raisin( #ore as it as aaturday. Mater* the a$$used a(reed to re$eive the sa#e and to release :odita to

%e a$$o#panied %y 7ary Cho$o in (oin( out o! the o$e. hen they ere out o!

the door* one o! the a$$used hose !a$e as $overed %y a hand&er$hie!* (ave a

&ey to 7ayor Cara#. ith this* 7ayor Cara# unlo$&ed the padlo$&ed door and

handed to :odita the P0*000.00* hi$h the latter* in turn* (ave to one o! the

a$$used. :odita as later set !ree %ut 7ary as herded %a$& to the o$e.

7ayor Cara#* 7a-or euio and even volunteer radio nes$asters $ontinued to

appeal to the a$$used to surrender pea$e!ully %ut they

re!used.#:&phi#G+ti#atu#s ere (iven %ut the a$$used did not %ud(e. Kinally*

the poli$e and #ilitary authorities de$ided to laun$h an o,ensive and assault thepla$e. 'his resulted in in-uries to the (irls* 7i#ie and 7ary Cho$o as ell as to

19 2 P a ( e


20/26

the a$$used :onaldo and :eynaldo Canasares. 7ary su,ered a #a$erated ri(ht

loer e)tre#ity -ust %elo the &nee so that her ri(ht le( had to %e a#putated.

'he #edi$al $ertif$ate des$ri%ed her $ondition as in a state o! he#orrha(i$

sho$& hen she as %rou(ht in to the hospital and had to under(o several #a-or

operations durin( the $ourse o! her $onfne#ent !ro# April 13* 19D; to 7ay 30*

19D;.

Kor his part* Appellant alvilla $onfr#ed that at a%out noon ti#e o! 1" April 19D;

he and his $o5a$$used entered the lu#%er yard and de#anded #oney !ro# the

oner everino Cho$o e de#anded P100*000.00 %ut as (iven only P*000.00*

hi$h he pla$ed on the $ounter o! the o$e o! the lu#%er yard. e ad#itted that

he and his $o5a$$used &ept everino* his dau(hters* and :odita inside the o$e.

e #aintained* hoever* that he stopped his $o5a$$used !ro# (ettin( the allet

and ristat$h o! everino and* li&e the P*000.00 ere all le!t on the $ounter*

and ere never tou$hed %y the#. e $lai#ed !urther that they had never fred

on the #ilitary %e$ause they intended to surrender. AppellantFs version also asthat durin( the (unfre* everinoFs dau(hter stood up and ent outside/ he

anted to stop her %ut he hi#sel! as hit %y a %ullet and $ould not prevent her.

Appellant also ad#itted the appeals dire$ted to the# to surrender %ut that they

(ave the#selves up only #u$h later.

A!ter trial* the Court a quo#eted out a -ud(#ent o! $onvi$tion and senten$ed

ea$h o! the a$$used to su,er the penalty o! reclusion perpetua* ith the

a$$essory penalties provided %y la and to pay the $osts.

Appellant alvillaFs present appeal is predi$ated on the !olloin( Assi(n#ents o!

ErrorI1. 'he loer $ourt erred in holdin( that the $ri#e $har(ed as $onsu##ated

and in not holdin( that the sa#e as #erely atte#pted.

". 'he loer $ourt erred in not appre$iatin( the #iti(atin( $ir$u#stan$e o!

voluntary surrender.

Gpon the !a$ts and the eviden$e* e ar#.

'he de!ense $ontends that 'he $o#plete $ri#e o! lar$eny =the!tVro%%ery> as

distin(uished !ro# an atte#pt reuires asportation or $arryin( aay* in addition

to the ta&in(* +n other ords* the $ri#e o! ro%%eryVthe!t has three $onse$utivesta(esI 1> the (ivin( "> the ta&in( and 3> the $arryin( aay or asportation And

ithout asportation the $ri#e $o##itted is only atte#pted =7e#orandu# !or

Appellant alvilla* :e$ords* p. 318>.

'here is no uestion that in ro%%ery* it is reuired that there %e a ta&in( o!

personal property %elon(in( to another. 'his is &non as the ele#ent o!

asportation the essen$e o! hi$h is the ta&in( o! a thin( out o! the possession o!

the oner ithout his privity and $onsent and ithout theanimus

revertendi =Auino* :evised Penal Code* p. 98* citing C.@. ;08>. +n !a$t* i! there

is no a$tual ta&in(* there $an %e no ro%%ery. Gnla!ul ta&in( o! personal property

o! another is an essential part o! the $ri#e o! ro%%ery.

"0 2 P a ( e


21/26

Appellant insists that hile the (ivin( has %een proven* the ta&in( has not.

And this is %e$ause neither he nor his three $o5a$$used tou$hed the P*000.00

(iven %y everino nor the latterFs allet or at$h durin( the entire in$ident/

proo! o! hi$h is that none o! those ite#s ere re$overed !ro# their persons.

'hose !a$tual alle(ations are $ontradi$ted %y the eviden$e. :odita* thelu#%eryard e#ployee* testifed that upon de#and %y Appellant* everino put

P"0*000.00 inside a paper %a( and su%seuently handed it to Appellant. +n turn*

a$$used i#pli$io Canasares too& the allet and ristat$h o! everino. +n

respe$t o! the P0*000.00 !ro# 7ayor Cara#* :odita de$lared that the 7ayor

handed the a#ount to her a!ter she =the 7ayor> had opened the padlo$&ed door

and that she therea!ter (ave the a#ount to one o! the holduppers. 'he ta&in(

as* there!ore* su$iently proved ='N* @uly 1* 19D8* pp. 1"513* 151;* "8531>.

'he #oney de#anded* and the allet and ristat$h ere ithin the do#inion

and $ontrol o! the Appellant and his $o5a$$used and $o#pleted the ta&in(.

'he tate esta%lished a ta&in( su$ient to support a $onvi$tion o! ro%%eryeven thou(h the perpetrators ere interrupted %y poli$e and so did not pick up

the money o9ered by the victim* here the de!endant and an a$$o#pli$e* ar#ed

ith a &ni!e and a $lu% respe$tively* had de#anded the #oney !ro# the !e#ale

$ler& o! a $onvenien$e store* and the $ler& had $o#plied ith their instru$tions

and pla$ed #oney !ro# the re(ister in a paper %a( and then pla$ed the %a( on

the $ounter in !ront o! the to #en/ these a$tions %rou(ht the #oney &ithin the

dominion and control o deendant and completed the taking . =@ohnson vs. tate*

3" o "d 8D>.

everan$e o! the (oods !ro# the possession o! the oner and a%solute $ontrolo! the property %y the ta&er*even or an instant,$onstitutes asportation =Ada#s

vs. Co##onealth* 1 3D1/ tate vs. 7urray* "D0 "d D09/ 7ason vs.

Co##onealth* 10 E "d 19> [E#phasis supplied].

+t is no de!ense either that Appellant and his $o5a$$used had no opportunity to

dispose o! the personalities ta&en. 'hat !a$t does not a,e$t the nature o! the

$ri#e* Kro# the #o#ent the o,ender (ained possession o! the thin(* even i! the

$ulprit had no opportunity to dispose o! the sa#e* the unla!ul ta&in( is

$o#plete =:eyes* :evised Penal Code Annotated* Boo& ++* 19D1 ed.* p. 9>.

'he $ri#e is $onsu##ated hen the ro%%er a$uires possession o! the property*even i! !or a short ti#e* and it is not ne$essary that the property %e ta&en into

the hands o! the ro%%er* or that he should have a$tually $arried the property

aay* out o! the physi$al presen$e o! the la!ul possessor* or that he should

have #ade his es$ape ith it =People vs. Juinn* 18; P "d 0/ oods vs. tate*

""0 "d ;/ People vs. Beal* 39 P "d 0/ People vs. Clar&* 1;0 P "d 3>.

Contrary to AppellantFs su%#ission* there!ore* a $onvi$tion !or $onsu##ated and

not #erely atte#pted :o%%ery is in order.

+t is the $ontention o! Appellant that :odita $ould not have seen the ta&in(

%e$ause the pla$e as dar& sin$e the doors ere $losed and there ere noindos. +t ill %e re$alled* hoever* that :odita as one o! the hosta(es hersel!

"1 2 P a ( e


22/26

and $ould o%serve the un!oldin( o! events. er !ailure to #ention the ta&in( in

her sorn state#ent ould not #ilitate a(ainst her $redi%ility* it %ein( settled

that an adavit is al#ost alays in$o#plete and ina$$urate and does not

dis$lose the $o#plete !a$ts !or ant o! inuiries or su((estions =People vs.

Andaya* .:. No. M5;3D;"* 31 @uly 19D8* 1" C:A 80/ People vs. 'an* et al.* D9

Phil. 338 [191]>.

'he !a$t* too* that :odita as an e#ployee o! everino ould not lessen her

$redi%ility. 'he de!ense has not proven that she as a$tuated %y any i#proper

#otive in testi!yin( a(ainst the a$$used.

+n the last analysis* the %asi$ $onsideration $enters around the $redi%ility o!

itnesses in respe$t o! hi$h the fndin(s o! the 'rial Court are entitled to (reat

ei(ht as it as in a superior position to assess the sa#e in the $ourse o! the

trial =seePeople vs. Orno.

'he surrender %y the Appellant and his $o5a$$used hardly #eets these

reuire#ents. 'hey ere* indeed* as&ed to surrender %y the poli$e and #ilitary

authorities %ut they re!used until only #u$h later hen they $ould no lon(er do

otherise %y !or$e o! $ir$u#stan$es hen they &ne they ere $o#pletelysurrounded and there as no $han$e o! es$ape. 'he surrender o! the a$$used

as held not to %e #iti(atin( as hen he (ave up only a!ter he as surrounded

%y the $onsta%ulary and poli$e !or$es =People vs. i(ayan et al.* .:. Nos. M5

1D"35";* 30 April 19;;* 1; C:A D39/ People vs. 7ation( .:. No. M533DD* "9

7ar$h 19D"* 113 C:A 1;8>. 'heir surrender as not spontaneous as it as

#otivated #ore %y an intent to insure their sa!ety. And hile it is $lai#ed that

they intended to surrender* the !a$t is that they did not despite several

opportunities to do so. 'here is no voluntary surrender to spea& o! =People vs.

Hi#di#an 10; Phil. 391 [199]>.

All told* the assi(ned errors re#ain unsu%stantiated and e fnd the (uilt o! the

a$$used5appellant* Bienvenido alvilla* esta%lished %eyond reasona%le dou%t.

Althou(h unassi(ned as an error* e dee# it ne$essary to turn no to the nature

o! the lin&ed o,enses involved and the penalty i#posed %y the 'rial Court.

Appellant and his $o5a$$used ere $har(ed in the +n!or#ation ith :o%%ery ith

erious Physi$al +n-uries and erious +lle(al Hetention =Art. "9* par. 3* in

$on-un$tion ith Art. ";8* :PC >and senten$ed to reclusion perpetua. e a(ree

ith the 'rial Court that a $o#ple) $ri#e under Arti$le D o! the :evised Penal

Code has %een $o##itted su$h that the penalty !or the #ore serious o,ense o!erious +lle(al Hetention =Art. ";8* :evised Penal Code>* or reclusion perpetuato

"" 2 P a ( e


23/26

death* is to %e i#posed instead o! the penalty pres$ri%ed !or :o%%ery ith

erious Physi$al +n-uries =Art. "9 =3>* hi$h is reclusion temporal.

Gnder Arti$le D* a $o#ple) $ri#e arises hen an o,ense is a ne$essary #eans

!or $o##ittin( the other. 'he ter# ne$essary #eans does not $onnote

indispensa%le #eans !or i! it did then the o,ense as a ne$essary #eans to$o##it another ould %e an indispensa%le ele#ent o! the latter and ould %e an

in(redient thereo!. 'he phrase ne$essary #eans #erely si(nifes that one

$ri#e is $o##itted to !a$ilitate and insure the $o##ission o! the other =Auino*

:evised Penal Code* 4ol. +* 19D8 ed.* p. ;"* citingHissent* 7onte#ayor* @.*

A#ado ernande. +n this $ase* the $ri#e o! erious +lle(al

Hetention as su$h a ne$essary #eans as it as sele$ted %y Appellant and his

$o5a$$used to !a$ilitate and $arry out #ore e,e$tively their evil desi(n to sta(e a

ro%%ery.

'he !a$ts o! this $ase di,er !ro# those in People vs. Astor* et al. =.:. Nos. M5

818;5;;* "9 April 19D8* 19 C:A 3"> here the a$$used ere $onvi$ted o!:o%%ery %ut a$uitted in the $ase !or erious +lle(al Hetention and here it as

held that the detention is a%sor%ed in the $ri#e o! ro%%ery. Kor one* inAstor*

there ere to ="> separate +n!or#ations fled* one !or :o%%ery and another !or

erious +lle(al Hetention. +n the present $ase* only one +n!or#ation as fled

$har(in( the $o#ple) o,ense. Kor another* inAstor* the ro%%ery had already

%een $onsu##ated and the detention as #erely to !orestall the $apture o! the

ro%%ers %y the poli$e. Not so in this $ase* here the detention as availed o! as

a #eans o! insurin( the $onsu##ation o! the ro%%ery. Kurther* inAstor, the

detention as only in$idental to the #ain $ri#e o! ro%%ery so that it as held

thereinI

. . . ere appellants the#selves not trapped %y the early arrival o! the poli$e at

the s$ene o! the $ri#e* they ould have not any#ore detained the people inside

sin$e they have already $o#pleted their -o%. O%viously* appellants ere le!t ith

no $hoi$e %ut to resort to detention o! these people as se$urity* until

arran(e#ents !or their sa!e passa(e ere #ade. 'his is not the $ri#e o! ille(al

detention punisha%le under the penal las %ut an a$t o! restraint in order to

delay the pursuit o! the $ri#inals %y pea$e o$ers =People v. ol* 9 Phil. ";/

People v. Gday Phil. 1;8* $ited in the :evised Penal Code* Auino* 4ol. 3* 198;

ed.* p. 1338>. here the vi$ti#s in a ro%%ery $ase ere detained in the $ourse o!

ro%%ery* the detention is a%sor%ed %y the $ri#e o! ro%%ery =P. v. Baysa* 9" Phil.

100D* id.>. +n the $ase at %ar* the detention as only in$idental to the #ain $ri#e

o! ro%%ery* and althou(h in the $ourse thereo! o#en and $hildren ere also

held* that threats to &ill ere #ade* the a$t should not %e $onsidered as a

separate o,ense. Appellants should only %e held (uilty o! ro%%ery.

+n $ontra$t* the detention in the $ase at %ar as not only in$idental to the

ro%%ery %ut as a ne$essary #eans to $o##it the sa#e.#:&phi#A!ter the

a#ount o! P"0*000.00 as handed to Appellant* the latter and his $o5a$$used

still re!used to leave. 'he vi$ti#s ere then ta&en as hosta(es and the de#and

to produ$e an additional P100*000.00 as #ade as a prereuisite !or theirrelease. 'he detention as not %e$ause the a$$used ere trapped %y the poli$e

"3 2 P a ( e


24/26

nor ere the vi$ti#s held as se$urity a(ainst the latter. 'he detention as not

#erely a #atter o! restraint to ena%le the #ale!a$tors to es$ape* %ut deli%erate

as a #eans o! e)tortion !or an additional a#ount. 'he poli$e and other

authorities arrived only #u$h later a!ter several hours o! detention had already

passed. And* despite appeals to appellant and his $o5a$$used to surrender* they

ada#antly re!used until the a#ount o! P100*000.00 they de#anded $ould %eturned over to the#. 'hey even $onsidered P0*000.00* the a#ount %ein(

handed to the#* as inadeuate.

'he !ore(oin( !eatures also distin(uish this $ase !ro# those o! G.. v. ol* 9 Phil.

"; [1908] here the restraint as !or no other purpose than to prevent the

vi$ti#s !ro# reportin( the $ri#e to the authorities/ !ro# People v. a#%oa* 9"

Phil. 10D [193] here the vi$ti#s ere ta&en to a pla$e one &ilo#eter aay

and shot in order to liuidate the itnesses to the ro%%ery/ !ro# People v. Baysa*

9" Phil. 100D [193]/ People v. 7an and a #inor =7innie>* a spe$ifed

$ir$u#stan$e in Arti$le ";8 =3>* ere a#on( those detained. 'he $ontinuin(

detention as also !or the purpose o! e)tortin( ranso#* another listed

$ir$u#stan$e in Arti$le ";8 =last para(.> not only !ro# the detained persons

the#selves %ut even !ro# the authorities ho arrived to res$ue the#.

+t !ollos then that as the detention in this $ase as not #erely in$idental to thero%%ery %ut a ne$essary #eans e#ployed to !a$ilitate it* the penalty i#posed %y

the 'rial Court is proper.

E:EKO:E* the -ud(#ent appealed !ro# is here%y AKK+:7EH. Proportionate

$osts.

CASE GEST OF PEOPLE VS SALV#LLA, 14 SCRA 71

Lessons Applicable: !onsummated or Attempted Robbery

Laws Applicable: Article 6 o Revised enal !ode

Fa-)' A$$used Bienvenido evilla to(ether ith his $o5a$$used* :eynaldo*:onaldo* and i#pli$io* all surna#ed Canasares* ere (uilty %eyond reasona%le

dou%t o! the $ri#e o! Consu##ated :o%%ery ith erious Physi$al +n-uries and

erious +lle(al HetentionR and senten$in( the# to su,er the penalty o! reclusion

perpetua. 'he $ase hi$h as fled %e!ore :'C +loilo* alle(ed the !olloin(I

On April 1"* 19D;* the petitioner Bievenido evilla* to(ether ith

:eynaldo* :onaldo and i#pli$io =all surna#ed Canasares>* sta(ed ro%%ery

at the Ne +loilo Mu#%er Lard. 'hey ere ar#ed ith ho#e#ade (uns and hand (renade.

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25/26

On their ay to the esta%lish#ent* they #et :odita a%iero* an e#ployee

there ho as on her ay out !or her #eal %rea&* and in!or#ed her that it

as a hold5up. 'hey ent insde the o$e and the petitioner pointed a (un to everino

Cho$o* the oner* and his to dau(hters* 7ary and 7innie. 'hey +n!or#ed

everino that all they need as #oney. everino $alled his dau(hter* 7ary* to (et a paper %a( herein he pla$ed

"0*000 $ase =*000 a$$ordin( to the a$$used> and handled it to the

petitioner. i#pli$io Casanares* too& the allet and ristat$h o! everino a!ter

hi$h latter* his " dau(hters and :odita ere &ept inside the o$e. 'he a$$used told to everino to produ$e 100*000 in a%le the other

hosta(es $an %e released. oever* everino re!used to produ$e 100*000

%e$ause it as a aturday all %an&s ere $losed. 'he poli$e and #ilitary o$ers had surrounded the lu#%er yard. 'hey

ne(otiated the a$$used and appealed the# to surrender pea$e!ully. But*the a$$used re!used to surrender.

:ose Cara#* O+C 7ayor o! +loilo* -oined the ne(otiations. 'he a$$used

de#anded 100*000* a $oaster* and so#e rain$oats. But* Cara# only

o,ered 0*000. Mater* the a$$used a(reed to re$eive 0*000 and to

release :odita* to(ether ith 7ary* in (oin( out o! the o$e. One o! the a$$used (ave a &ey to 7ayor Cara# and ith the &ey* she

unlo$&ed the door and handled :odita 0*000* hi$h :odita (ave to one o!

the a$$used. :odita as set her !ree %ut 7ary as %a$&ed to the o$e.

A!ter all o! the ne(otiation* they de$ided to assault the pla$e hi$h ouldresults in-uries o! the vi$ti#s and a$$used :onaldo and :eynaldo

Casanares.

'he a$$used appealed to the $ourt that there as no $onsu##ated %ut only

atte#pted and not appre$iatin( the #iti(atin( $ir$u#stan$e o! voluntary

surrender.

Also* the a$$used #aintained that the #oney* allet and at$hes ere all

le!t on the $ounter and ere never tou$hed %y the#. e also $lai#ed that they never fred the #ilitary %e$ause they intended

to surrender.

#))*:);'

ON the $ri#e o! ro%%ery as $onsu##ated.

ON there as a #iti(atin( $ir$u#stan$e o! voluntary su$$eed.

H*5'

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26/26

$*) 6'he ro%%ery shall %e dee#ed $onsu##ated i! the unla!ul ta&in(R is

$o#plete.

Gnla!ul ta&in( o! property o! another is an essential part o! the $ri#e

ro%%ery. 'he respondent $lai#ed that none o! the ite#s ere re$overed

%y the#. oever* %ased on the eviden$e* they #oney de#anded* theristat$h and allet ere ithin the do#inion and $ontrol o! the

#oney de#anded.

No 6'he surrenderR o! the appellant and his $o5assured $annot %e $onsidered

in their !avour to #iti(ate lia%ility.

'o %e #iti(atin(* an a$$used #ust have the !olloin( reuisitesI that the

o,ender had not %een a$tually arrested* that the o,ender surrender hi#sel! to a

person o! authority.

article 6 of the revised penal code case digest

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