Md. Abdul Kader Lecturer

Department of EnglishCambrian College

Mobile: +8801715447430Email : has83abdulkader@gmail.com

Welcome to all of youEnglish Grammar

Class: IX-XII

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I saw __ one legged sailor

I saw __ one legged sailor

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Lesson: Article (Definition & Classification)

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Learning Outcome

• say what an article is.• say the types of article.• identify various types of

article.• write sentences using

various types of article.

By the end of

the lesson

you will be able

to…

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Definition of ArticleBasically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.

Definition:An Article is a word placed before a noun to show whether the noun is used in a particular or general sense.

Usually, article is not used with other nouns except the common noun.

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ClassificationsTypes of Article

Negative

Definite Indefinite Zero

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Definite ArticleA definite article indicates that its noun is a

particular one identifiable to the listener. It may

be something that the speaker has already

mentioned, or it may be something uniquely

specified.

The definite article in English, for both singular

and plural nouns, is the.

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Definite ArticleExamples:

The child know the fastest way home.

The sentence above refers to specific child and a specific

way home; it contrasts with the much more general

observation that:

Child know the fastest way home.

The latter sentence refers to child in

general, perhaps all or most of them.

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Definite ArticleLikewise:

Give me the book.

The sentence above refers to a specific book whose identity is known or obvious to the listener; as such it has a markedly different meaning fromGive me a book.which does not specify what book is to be given.

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Indefinite ArticleAn indefinite article indicates that its noun is not a particular one identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker is mentioning for the first time, or its precise identity may be irrelevant or hypothetical, or the speaker may be making a general statement about any such thing.

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Indefinite Article"A/an" is used to refer to a non-specific or non-particular member of the group. For example: “Give me an apple." Here are many apples, and the speaker wants an apple (not the red one or green one rather any one). He doesn't have a specific one in mind. Likewise,

If I say, “Let’s read a book” I mean any book rather than a specific one.

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Zero ArticleThe zero article is an occasion in speech or writing where a noun or noun phrase is not preceded by an article (a, an, or the).In general, the zero article is used with proper nouns, mass nouns(non-count noun) where the reference is indefinite, and plural count nouns where the reference is indefinite. Also, the zero article is generally used with means of transport ("by plane") and common expressions of time and place ("at midnight," "in jail").

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Zero ArticleExamples: Zero Article with Plural Count Nouns and with Mass Nouns:Kangaroos are common in Australia. (Plural count noun)

Jute is one of this country's major

exports. (Mass noun)

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Zero ArticleExamples: Zero article with plural count nouns may have generic or indefinite reference according to the predication: Frogs have long hind legs. (Generic = all frogs)

He catches frogs. (Indefinite = an indefinite number of frogs)

A mass noun with zero article can be considered generic even if it is modified: Silk of Rajshahi is said to be the best.

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Negative ArticleA negative article specifies none of its noun, and can thus be regarded as neither definite nor indefinite. On the other hand, some consider such a word to be a simple determiner rather than an article. In English, this function is fulfilled by no, which can appear before a singular or plural noun:No child can learn walking without crawling.

No dogs are allowed here.

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Group Work

It started in China, but people play Mahjong all over ______ world. Mahjong is played with ______ tiles. They are made from ______ bamboo or ivory. ______ tiles display ______ flowers, numbers, or ______ unique animal. Players shuffle the tiles by building ______ wall. There are several mahjong patterns such as a Chow and a Pong. ______ Kong contains four tiles of ______ same number and suit. ______ Eye contains two tiles of the same number and suit. The object of ______ game is to collect ______ set of fourteen tiles in four groups of three tiles and ______ matched pair. Now you can download ______ Mahjong and play it over ______ Internet.

the

The a

aA

the

An

the

aa

the

Read the following passage and separate the various types of article.

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Evaluation

1. What is an article?2. Mention the types of article.3. When do we use definite article?

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Home workWrite five sentences on each types of article.

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Departure

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References1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_%

28grammar%292. http://

grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/articleterm.htm