Artificial Artificial intelligenceintelligenceand robotsand robots

Jacek MalecJacek Malec

AI@CSAI@CS

Department of Computer ScienceDepartment of Computer Science

Lund UniversityLund University

jacek.malec@cs.lth.sejacek.malec@cs.lth.se

Plan for todayPlan for today

Beginning of roboticsBeginning of robotics Beginning of AIBeginning of AI ProblemsProblems SolutionsSolutions Revival of intelligent roboticsRevival of intelligent robotics RoboCupRoboCup Other initiativesOther initiatives

Beginning of roboticsBeginning of robotics

Rossum Universal Robots (RUR): Rossum Universal Robots (RUR): Karel CapekKarel Capek

Cybernetics: Norbert WienerCybernetics: Norbert Wiener Turtles: Grey WaltersTurtles: Grey Walters

AutonomyAutonomy

Beginning of AIBeginning of AI

Dartmouth Dartmouth 19561956

SensingSensing

ThinkingThinking

ActingActing SRI Shakey SRI Shakey

19691969 Lots of othersLots of others

Flakey, SRIFlakey, SRI

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Why don’t we build Why don’t we build ”real” robots?”real” robots?

MechanicsMechanics SensingSensing Control and Control and

actuationactuation IntelligenceIntelligence

SolutionsSolutions

Distribution of tasks Distribution of tasks Layered, hierarchical control Layered, hierarchical control Hybrid nature of control Hybrid nature of control Faster computers Faster computers Anytime algorithms (better to do anything than Anytime algorithms (better to do anything than

to do nothing) to do nothing) Reasoning needs not to be perfect Reasoning needs not to be perfect

Kismet - emotionsKismet - emotions

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Kismet - emotional Kismet - emotional expressionsexpressions

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What is artificial What is artificial intelligenceintelligence

Models of human intelligence Models of human intelligence Artificial intelligent creaturesArtificial intelligent creatures

Robocup - robot footballRobocup - robot football

Humanoids play football Humanoids play football as wellas well

Aibo play footballAibo play football

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RoboCupRoboCup FOOTBALLFOOTBALL SimulationSimulation Small sizeSmall size Medium sizeMedium size HumanoidHumanoid Four-leggedFour-legged

HumanoidHumanoid RC JuniorRC Junior

RESCUERESCUE

SimulationSimulation

RobotsRobots

Other contests: Other contests: FIRAFIRA

More RoboCupMore RoboCup

More humanoidsMore humanoids

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ProblemsProblems

Kids easily learn to Kids easily learn to see or to gosee or to go

Kids learn abstract Kids learn abstract ideas much later ideas much later (playing chess, (playing chess, using a map, …)using a map, …)

Robots (computers) Robots (computers) have no problems have no problems with the latter …with the latter …

Seeing is hardSeeing is hard

Find five positions Find five positions on the fieldon the field

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What do I really What do I really see?see?

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Seeing is hard, part 2Seeing is hard, part 2

Find the b/w ball Find the b/w ball and score a goaland score a goal

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Can AI exist at all?Can AI exist at all?

Can intelligence be Can intelligence be artificial?artificial? The Chinese room The Chinese room

argumentargument Can life be Can life be

artificial?artificial? At least there are At least there are

people claiming they people claiming they do research on that do research on that topic!topic!

Rodney BrooksRodney BrooksMIT AI MIT AI

LaboratoryLaboratoryRoughly every fifty years humanity Roughly every fifty years humanity solves a great mystery of science. We solves a great mystery of science. We have a chance to solve such a have a chance to solve such a mystery now:mystery now:

How does the human mind How does the human mind

work? work? There are many corollary questions:There are many corollary questions:

Brooks’ questions:Brooks’ questions:

Where does the Where does the mind reside?mind reside?

What is the nature What is the nature of memory?of memory?

What are the roles What are the roles of emotions?of emotions?

What sort of What sort of representations representations does the brain does the brain use?use?

What does our What does our

visual system visual system

compute?compute?

How did evolution How did evolution

shape us?shape us?

How do we learn?How do we learn?

What is What is

consciousness?consciousness?

Keys to intelligence:Keys to intelligence:

self-adapting perceptual systems, motor self-adapting perceptual systems, motor

systems and language-related modules systems and language-related modules

(in contrast to reasoning, planning and (in contrast to reasoning, planning and

knowledge representation)knowledge representation)

What is intelligence?What is intelligence?

Can an ant colony be Can an ant colony be intelligent?intelligent?

Warrior antsWarrior ants > 500 000 > 500 000

ants/colonyants/colony Temperature controlTemperature control Raids with 200 000 Raids with 200 000

workersworkers Less than 100 000 Less than 100 000

neurons!neurons!

Collective intelligenceCollective intelligence

A single ant is not A single ant is not intelligent intelligent

A system: more than A system: more than sum of its parts sum of its parts

How about brain? How about brain? How about artificial How about artificial

systems? systems? Have we chosen the Have we chosen the

wrong way? wrong way?

Chaos and intelligenceChaos and intelligence

Ant colonies are Ant colonies are slightly chaoticslightly chaotic

Does intelligence Does intelligence require chaos?require chaos? Creativity involves Creativity involves

randomnessrandomness A chaotic mind in a A chaotic mind in a

stable world?stable world? Can we manage in Can we manage in

chaotic world?chaotic world?

Low-cost roboticsLow-cost robotics

Multitude of cheap platforms Multitude of cheap platforms Possibility to work with groups of robotsPossibility to work with groups of robots RoboCup RoboCup LEGO technology LEGO technology BASIC-stamp-based systems BASIC-stamp-based systems ......