arvo viltrop - african swine fever
TRANSCRIPT
African Swine Fever –lessons learned in Estonia
Afrikkalainen sikarutto - opetuksetVirossa
Arvo ViltropProfessor of veterinary epidemiologyEstonian University of Life SciencesImbi NurmojaEstonian Veterinary and Food Laboratory
Topics
Some background information How the situation has developedControl and surveillance Impact
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Wild boar populationdensity in 2013
Villisikojen tiheys 2013
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Forests in Estonia
Viron metsät
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Wild boar population in EstoniaVillisikakanta VirossaThe hunters’ estimation of the population of wild boar (Estonian Environment Agency)
Wild boar population dynamics in Estonia in period 1950-2015, based on hunting and counting statistics Kuopio 19.01.2017
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Situation in North-East Europe in the summer and autumn 2014
Tilanne Koillis-Euroopassa kesällä ja syksyllä 2014
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Country The first ASF caseLithuania 24.01.2014Poland 14.02.2014 Latvia (southeast) 26.06.2014 Latvia (north) 18.07.2014
Introduction to Estonia:Restriction zones Oct 2014
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2
1 4
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Part I
Part II
Hot-spots
(8 km zone)1
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Vienna VetMedUni 28.04.16
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Origin of the infection
Tartunnan alkuperä
Southern introduction -probably WB movement from Latvia
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Origin of the infection
Northern outbreak – probably human introduction
The first infected wild boar detected 1½ year old female of 30-40 kg injured (bullet injury – broken elbo) desorientated No signs at autopsy; ASFV antibody positive; PCR positive
Probable time of infection at least 2-3 weeks before detection
Possible scenariosHuman introduction with infected meat/ABP-s
from the south (Byelorussia – visitors?)east (Russia – truck drivers; visitors?)
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Origin of infection Different epidemiology
Southern outbreak – high mortality ASF first deteted only in animals found
dead
Northern outbreak – no mortality First detected only in hunted animals
Mostly antibody positive
Mortality observed in couple of previouswinters
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Control measures in wild boar 2014-2015 hunting season
Valvontatoimet 2014-2015 metsästyskautella
Chase (driven) hunt prohibited Additional feeding continued at existing feeding grounds.
Establishement of new ones prohibeted
Removal of carcasses of dead wild boar from the forest burial or collection compensation to hunters
Biosecurity measures at hunting and handling of carcasses and by-products.
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11ASF WB infected areaASF VS tartunta-aluet
By 31.10.2014
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12ASF WB infected area
By 31.12.2014
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13ASF WB infected area
By 28.02.2015
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14ASF WB infected area
By 30.04.2015
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15ASF WB infected area
By 30.06.2015
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16ASF WB infected area
By 31.08.2015
Control measures in wild boar 2015-2016 huntingseason
Valvontatoimet 2015-2016 metsästyskautella Intensified hunting (target 1,5 WB / 10 km2 hunting ground
by the end of hunting season 2017/2018. Keep this level until Estonia become free of ASF)
Targeted hunting of females (support 100 EUR/animal)Additional feeding prohibited
Bating allowed – 10 kg per day during hunting seasonRemoval of carcasses of dead wild boar from the forest
(burial or collection - compensation) Biosecurity measures at hunting and handling of
carcasses and by-products.Kuopio 19.01.2017
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Hunting and feeding of WBVillisikojen metsästys ja ruokinta
by Helen Prommik Est Vet and Food Board
According to the decree of Environmental Board (18.08.2015): Bating is allowed during the period of 01.10.2015-30.04.2016
Hunting from hides – bating- 100 kg per slot, on the ground 10 kg of feed per day
Driven hunts are allowed (it was not since autumn 2014)
Hunting bag for 2015/2016 29 600 wild boars
60% sub-adults
60% females
Hunting practicises allowed by Hunting Act Shooting wild boar from a standing motor vehicle
Artificial light source allowed
Hog traps, steel traps
Wild boar with ASF clinical signs is allowed to kill without a hunting permitKuopio 19.01.2017
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19ASF WB infected area
By 31.10.2015
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20ASF WB infected area
By 31.12.2015
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21ASF WB infected area
By 30.04.2016
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22ASF WB infected area
By 31.08.2016
ASF positive wild boar in 2016
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Speed of the spatial spread of the virusAlueellisen leviämisen nopeus
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02468
1012141618
km/m
onth
Surveillance/ Valvonta Passive surveillance – testing of animals found dead or hunted
Part I zones All wild boar found dead investigated by PCR for ASF viral DNA
All hunted wild boar tested by PCR and antibody ELISA before release for retail Meat from animals with neg result allowed to use within Estonia
Part II and III zones All wild boar found dead investigated by PCR for ASF viral DNA
All hunted wild boar tested by PCR and antibody ELISA before release for consumption Meat from animals with neg result allowed to use for own consumption
Sampling: organ material from carcasses by official and approved veterinarians
blood from hunted animals – by hunters
Sampling conducted on-spot or at hunters premisesKuopio 19.01.2017
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ASF surveillance results in 2015/ Valvonnan tulokset 2015
Animal category
Hunted Found dead
Killed Total
No tested 8 617 913 17 9 565
Pos % 4,7 % 74,3 % 47,1 % 11,4 %
only Ab pos PCR + Ab pos* Total Ab pos
No pos 90 95 185Pos % 1,0 % 1,1 % 2,1 %
* incl. 9 Ab doubtful samplesKuopio 19.01.2017
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ASF surveillance results in 2016 (by 30th Nov)Valvonnan tulokset 2016
Animal category
Hunted Found dead
Killed Total
No tested 13404 876 15 14295
Pos % 4,9 % 82 % 73,3 % 9,7 %
only Ab pos PCR + Ab pos* Total Ab pos
No pos 248 129 377Pos % 1,9% 1,0 % 2,9 %
* incl. 9 Ab doubtful samplesKuopio 19.01.2017
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Prevalence of PCR positive hunted WB2015 July – 2016 October
PCR-positiivisten prosentti metsästettyissä VS-ssa2015 heinäkuu - 2016 lokakuu
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In all affectedcounties
ValgaVõruViljandiTartuPõlvaPärnuJõgevaJärvaIda-Viru
Prevalence of PCR positive hunted WB2015 Jan – 2016 June
18.07.2016NOSOVE, Turku
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In different age groups in affected counties/ Eri ikäryhmissä
PCR Neg Pos Prev% 95% CI
Age class: 0 - 1 year 5814 319 5.2 4.7 5.8Age class: 1 - 2
years 3648 107 2.9 2.3 3.4
Age class: > 2 years 3781 97 2.5 2.0 3.0
Age class: missing 152 5 3.2 1.0 7.3Total 13395 528 3.8 3.5 4.1
0
1
2
3
4
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Age class: 0 - 1 year Age class: 1 - 2 years Age class: > 2 years
Prev
ale
nce
%
Hunting of wild boar in 2015
Vaikutus ASF epidemian VirossaASF epidemian vaikutus Virossa
Hunting of wild boar in 2013
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Figures: Estonian environmenetalagency
Wild boar population in Estonia
The hunters’ estimation of the population of wild boar was around 12 200in spring 2016 (Estonian Environment Agency)
Wild boar population dynamics in Estonia in period 1950-2015, based on hunting and counting statistics Kuopio 19.01.2017
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Concluding remarks/ Päätelmät Introduction by humans has most likely occurred in NE of Estonia The spread of ASF virus has been unstopable in WB population –
control measures havent had much impact The spread can be slow among wild boar – not all herds in an area
get infected Virus can persist in an area even if density is low.
Human activities have impact on spread among wilboar – theexact mechanism unclear No evidence of domestic cycle of the virus spread
Forestry? Hunting?
Seasonal variation in speed and intensity of the spreadKuopio 19.01.2017
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Kiitos!
Estonian University of Life SciencesSiim Maasikamäe Assoc. Prof.
Veterinary and Food LaboratoryKatrin Lõhmus
Veterinary and Food BoardMaarja Kristian
Kärt Jaarma
Helen Prommik
Environmental AgencyPeep Männil
Friedrich Loefler InstituteKlaus Depner
Sandra Blome
Christoph Staubach
Anja Globig
Klas Dietze
Katja Schulz
and others
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