asean cooperation for the development of earth...
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UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
ASEAN Cooperation for the Development
of Earth Observation Satellite
1
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Needs and area of cooperation
•Disaster management
•Environmental monitoring
•Land use study
Advantages
- Shared cost
- Shared values
- Multiple customers
- Capacity building
- Exchange between the different partners
- Build friendship
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Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Looking mainly from the aspect of natural
disasters and environment monitoring,
ASEAN region suffers from large number of
incidents such as:
- Earthquakes
- Volcanic
- Typhoon
- Tsunami
- Flooding
- Forest Fire
Also man-made disasters such as oil spills Since 2004 many efforts have been made to collect
data from ground, air and space observations
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Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Space based data plays a large role
• Data is supplied from major space agencies
• Data is produced by existing LEO Earth observations satellites
• Optical and Radar Data available
• Thailand and Singapore contribute data from their EO
satellites (THEOS-1 and X-Sat) – more ASEAN EO satellites due by
2020
BUT
• Data is not always optimised for disaster monitoring purposes
• Satellites are not always in position over ASEAN
• There is a delay in receiving processed data
• Re-processing of raw data means handling many different
datasets
UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan 4
UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Disaster Monitoring programs in the Asia-Pacific region
•Sentinel Asia (lead by JAXA)
•Platform for sharing Satellite data
•ASIAES (ASEAN+3 Satellite Image Archive for Environmental Study)
•Natural Disaster Incident Management
•Satellite Imagery Archive Management
•Search Disaster Information
•3D Visualization
•ASMC (ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre) as part of the World
Meteorological Organisation
•Weather, climate and seasonal prediction
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UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Disaster Monitoring programs around the globe
•The Disaster Management Constellation exist since 2003
•Monitoring project led by SSTL
•GEO: Group on Earth Observation
•Framework for international collaboration
•Coordinated earth observation for Disaster Monitoring
•CEOS: Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
•Coordinate civil space borne earth observation
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UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Satellite-based Disaster Management solutions
• Sensor
•Use of optical or radar sensor
• Collected images are then processed before the data is interpreted
• Interpreted data is then used in Disaster management
•Communication
• Provide means of communication when ground based system is
unavailable
• Communication is a necessity for the first rescuers on site
7
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
ASEAN satellite program organisation structure
• Needs ESA-type structure otherwise 5 large competing members + 5
neglected members
• Single LEO satellite – too small for ASEAN co-operation ?
• Need to look at complete multi-year solution ?
1 / 1 / 2 0 1 4 1 2 / 2 4 / 2 0 2 6
1 / 1 / 2 0 1 5 1 / 1 / 2 0 1 6 1 / 1 / 2 0 1 7 1 / 1 / 2 0 1 8 1 / 1 / 2 0 1 9 1 / 1 / 2 0 2 0 1 / 1 / 2 0 2 1 1 / 1 / 2 0 2 2 1 / 1 / 2 0 2 3 1 / 1 / 2 0 2 4 1 / 1 / 2 0 2 5 1 / 1 / 2 0 2 6
1 2 / 2 4 / 2 0 2 0
L a u n c h
1 2 / 2 4 / 2 0 2 1
L a u n c h
1 2 / 2 4 / 2 0 2 1
L a u n c h
L E O P r e - c u r s o r
L E O C o n t e l l a t i o n
G E O
O p e r a t i o n s 4 - 6 y e a r s
O p e r a t i o n s 4 - 6 y e a r s
O p e r a t i o n s 7 - 1 0 y e a r s
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Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Structure of Cooperation - I
•Full ASEAN Government ownership
•Commitment allocation on principle of juste-retour
•Commitment is matched back as work-share
•Location of sites base on country’s commitment
•Major allocation of work or development depending on
commitment
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10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan 9
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Structure of Cooperation - II
•Public Private Partnership
•Shared private funding on the satellite
•Revenue is given back to the government to cover cost and the rest
to the private entity
•An excellent opportunity to promote investment in each country
•Combination of Communication and Scientific/Earth Observation
satellite
•Private partner can recuperate their investment by leasing out the
communication transponders
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10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan 10
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
ASEAN members LEO systems
• Existing and planned LEO systems from 5
largest ASEAN members
• Many planned systems have DMC
capabilities
• Optical and radar satellites planned
• Virtual constellation through co-ordination
• Already distributed ground segment
architecture
Tbc Diamant Indonesia Tbc
Constellation Fuego Indonesia Tbc
Constellation Goal&Go Indonesia Tbc
Science Sunsat-XE Indonesia Tbc
EO Radar VN Radar-2 Vietnam 2020
EO Radar VN Radar-1 Vietnam 2017
tbc THEOS-2 Thailand 2016 ?
EO Optical VNRedsat-2 Vietnam 2016
tbc Razaksat-2 Malaysia 2016
EO Optical VNRedsat-1 Vietnam 2013
DMC Lapan-Orari Indonesia 2012
EO Optical Lapan-A2 Indonesia 2012
EO Optical X-Sat Singapore 2011
EO Optical THEOS-1 Thailand 2008
Type Mission Country Date
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Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
No dedicated system in place Other EO systems in place Existing DMC compatibility
Around $10,000 per Kg on
single or dual launch
From around $5000 per Kg on
multiple launch
Launch cost
>$100m due to payload design From $10m to $100m Construction cost
5-10 years including new
payload design
From around 3 years using
existing platform and imager
design
Design to orbit time
Around 15 years nominal Up to 10 years Lifetime
From 2500Kg upwards From 1Kg- 1500Kg Mass
Can contain multiple packages Can contain imager and other
small packages
Payload flexibility
New development of pointing
and imaging package
Variety of vendors of imaging
packages
Payload complexity
Near continuous allowing for
pointing
90-120 minutes Revisit times
Optical around 20m Optical < 1m Resolution
GEO LEO GEO Advantages
- Revisit times
- Lifetime
- Hybrid Disaster
monitoring/Comms
GEO Disadvantages
- Complexity
- Size
- Cost
- Development Time UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Is a Geo-stationary satellite feasible for Earth
Observation?
12
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Mission organisation
• Need to have distinct responsibilities and steering committee
• Complex organisation to include all members and capabilities
• Members may wish to set own priorities Mission Prime
Power D istribution
Contracts
Legal
Quality
ScheduleBudget
Administration
Space Segment
Prime
Avion ics ImagerTT&C
TankSADM
Solar Array Valves
Additional
Instruments
Antennae
Structure
Thermal
& MLI
Harness
Batteries
Platform Prime Payload Prime
Spacecraft AIV
Operations
Spacecraft
Systems
Propulsion TT&CTest System
Transponders
Antenna
Backup
Operations
OBC
OBSW
Sensors
Actuators
Control
System
Simulations
Test Benches
Databases
Ground TT&C
Tracking
F light
operations
F light
Dynamics
Mission
Planning
Image
Processing
Archive
D istr ibution
5% Brunei Backup
operations
15% Vietnam Operations &
Ground
Processing
segment
20% Thailand +
Myanmar
Platform
Prime
20% Singapore +
Laos
Payload
Prime
20% Malaysia +
Cambodia
Space
Segment
Prime
20% Indonesia +
Philippines
Mission
Prime
% of budget
alloc.
Country (ies) Role
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10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan 13
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Ballpark Cost Analysis
$224m $59m (per sat) $35m (per sat) $104m $73m Total
$5m - - $5m $5m Backup centre
$9m (9 years) $7m (5 years) $7m (5 years) $5m (5 years) $5m (5 years) Operations costs
$30m $5m $3m $5m $3m Launch costs
$10m $2m $1m $15m $10m Ground Segment
$150m $45m $25m $60m $40m Space Segment
$10m $2m Infrastructure
$20m - - $12m $10m Mission setup
GEO LEO
Constellation
Radar
LEO
Constellation
Optical
LEO Precursor
Radar
LEO Precursor
Optical
Cost item
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Financial Structure
• Breakdown of entire project into small work
packages
• Distribute work packages to each contributing
nations based on ability, needs and negotiation
• Work distribution should be in the same ratio as
commitment
• A country may provide the orbital slot as part of
commitment
15
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Additional Information
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Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
GEO system payload
• Main imager base on GEO-Oculus concept
• Multi spectral optical from UV to IR
• Resolution < 20m
• Ka-band communications package
• Enables new disaster monitoring
applications like telemedicine
• Supplementary “European Data Relay System”
EDRS (ESA) payload
• Access to European EO data
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10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan 17
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
GEO system platform & ground segment
• 8 major manufacturers of GEO platforms
• No GEO manufacturing capability in ASEAN
• China (CAST-GEO for Laos) and Japan
(Melco for Turksat), capabilities within ASEAN+3
• Possibility to perform co-operation program
• Ground segment built in ASEAN
• Existing distributed facilities for processing
• Operational life 10-15 years
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Meteorological Applications
• Combination of Infrared, Optical and Radar instruments to be used
for weather monitoring
• The on-board instrument may be financed by the WMO or the
Meteorological department of each country
• Additional accuracy in weather forecasting
• Can also include Lightning mapper
19
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Small payloads
20
SAR
•Search and Rescue transponder
•Emergency Communication
SREM
•Space Radiation Environment Monitoring
GNSS Augmentation
•Increase positioning accuracy
•For tracking and traffic
AIS Retransmitter
•Automatic Identification System
•for shipping and coastline monitoring
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Possible Launch supplier
Limited number of GTO launch suppliers and high costs – new entrant
(Falcon) may reduce price
n/a 8,000 Soyuz Europe
$10,000-$24,000 11,000 Ariane-5 Europe
n/a 4,000 GSLV-3 India
Up to $11,000 10,000 Long-March China
n/a 8,000 H2 Japan
Up to $16,000 6,160 Zenit (Sea-Launch) USSR/Ukraine
$4,302-$15,000 6,360 Proton USSR
$2,300 19,500 Falcon heavy lift USA
$5,400-$8,000 4,850 Falcon-9 USA
n/a 13,000 Delta-4 USA
$13,000-$20,000 8,700 Atlas-5 USA
Est. launch cost per Kg to GTO Capacity to GTO (tonnes) Launcher Country
UN/Japan Nano-Satellite Symposium
10-13 October 2012 Nagoya, Japan 21
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Summary
• GEO program is novel and provides unique disaster monitoring capabilities
• Very High Capacity building opportunities.
• Organisation at ASEAN level necessary
• Expensive program but some contribution could be provided by external
entities and international programs
• Higher risk program than LEO development
• Needs political commitment at highest level
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Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency
Summary II
• Standalone ASEAN LEO satellite does not justify co-operation at ASEAN level
• LEO constellation of optical/radar would be within ASEAN scope but
overlaps with current member plans
• GEO system expensive – within scope of ASEAN rather than member states
• GEO “triple-play” solution – Imager, Comms and data relay
• GEO system could “fill the gap” between Meteo and EO data
• GEO system would provide earlier warning and response for disaster
monitoring and management
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