Ashoke Madhab RoyAshoke Madhab RoyDeputy Secretary Local Govt. DivisionDeputy Secretary Local Govt. Division

Ministry of Local Government Rural Development & Ministry of Local Government Rural Development & CooperativesCooperatives

Area : 147,570 sq. km

Population : 144 million

Population Density : 976 persons per sq. km

Location : In the West, North & North-East: India

In the South East: Myanmar

In the South: Bay of BengalAverage Height : 10m above sea level. Capital City : DhakaLanguage : BengaliCurrency : Taka (1 US$ = 68 Taka)Government : Parliamentary FormMain River : The Padma, the Jamuna & the MeghnaClimate : Sub-tropicalTemperature : 7.22 - 22.77 0C in winter & 23.88 - 38.5 0C in summerAverage Rainfall : Annually 1429 to 4338 mmMain Export : Jute, Tea, Garments, Frozen Fish etc.

GoalsGoals GlobalGlobal TargetsTargets Bangladesh TargetBangladesh Target IndicatorsIndicators Current Current

StatusStatus

MDGMDG Target Target

20152015

Ensure Ensure EnvironmentEnvironment

al al SustainabilitSustainabilit

yy

Target 10 Target 10 Halve,Halve,

by 2015, the by 2015, the proportion of proportion of people without people without sustainable sustainable access to safe access to safe Drinking WaterDrinking Waterand basic and basic sanitationsanitation

Ensure that 100% of Ensure that 100% of urban and 96.5% of urban and 96.5% of rural population rural population

havehaveaccess to safe water access to safe water

by by 20102010

Indicator 29:Indicator 29: Proportion of Proportion of population with population with sustainable access to sustainable access to an improved water an improved water source:source:

urbanurban 99.2%99.2% 100%100%

ruralrural 97.1%97.1% 96.5%96.5%

Ensure that 100% of Ensure that 100% of Urban and rural Urban and rural population have population have

access access to improved to improved

sanitationsanitationby 2010by 2010

Indicator 30:Indicator 30:Proportion of Proportion of

population population with sustainable with sustainable

access access to improved sanitation to improved sanitation

::

urbanurban 86%86% 85.5%85.5%

ruralrural 88%88% 55.5%55.5%

Bangladesh MDGs Status at a Glance

- Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE)Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE)- SACOSAN (2003)SACOSAN (2003)- Dhaka Declaration: Sanitation for All by 2010Dhaka Declaration: Sanitation for All by 2010

- Recalls Education for All promiseRecalls Education for All promise- Baseline survey: 2003Baseline survey: 2003

- 47% no access to any sanitation facility47% no access to any sanitation facility- 29% sanitary latrines29% sanitary latrines- 24% unhygienic latrines24% unhygienic latrines

- National Strategy (2005)National Strategy (2005)- Completely stopping open defecationCompletely stopping open defecation- Sanitary latrines for all families (maximum 2 Sanitary latrines for all families (maximum 2

families)families)- All will use sanitary latrinesAll will use sanitary latrines- Sustainable arrangements for upkeep and Sustainable arrangements for upkeep and

maintenancemaintenance- Improved personal hygiene practicesImproved personal hygiene practices- Wastewater, solid waste disposal also addressedWastewater, solid waste disposal also addressed

EcoSan Technologies for urban sanitationEcoSan Technologies for urban sanitation- Low cost appropriate technology (e.g. twin pit, eco Low cost appropriate technology (e.g. twin pit, eco

san) should be promoted in peri-urban areas as well san) should be promoted in peri-urban areas as well as in other small to medium sized urban centers as in other small to medium sized urban centers where feasible.where feasible.

- Full political supportFull political support- National Sanitation Secretariat (DPHE)National Sanitation Secretariat (DPHE)

- Sanitation Task Forces (District, Upazila, Union)Sanitation Task Forces (District, Upazila, Union)- Devolution to local governmentDevolution to local government- Linkage with Pro-Poor Strategy for Water and Linkage with Pro-Poor Strategy for Water and

SanitationSanitation

- National Sanitation MonthNational Sanitation Month

- 20% of ADP earmarked for sanitation for hard-core20% of ADP earmarked for sanitation for hard-core poor poor FY 2005: Tk 180 millionFY 2005: Tk 180 million

- 25% of union sanitation funds (about 20,000 Tk) for 25% of union sanitation funds (about 20,000 Tk) for promotional activitiespromotional activities

- 10,000 Tk each ward member10,000 Tk each ward member- Cash rewardsCash rewards: Open Defecation Free unions (200,000 : Open Defecation Free unions (200,000

Tk) and upazilas (500,000 Tk). > 1000 UPs by 2007Tk) and upazilas (500,000 Tk). > 1000 UPs by 2007- 50 crore Tk (about 7 million USD) to DPHE for 50 crore Tk (about 7 million USD) to DPHE for

latrineslatrines

Autonomous organisation supported by Japan (JICA/JADE) andAutonomous organisation supported by Japan (JICA/JADE) andlocal NGOs have been taken initiative to promote Eco toilet inlocal NGOs have been taken initiative to promote Eco toilet inBangladesh since 2004. Organizations are mainly:Bangladesh since 2004. Organizations are mainly:

Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD);Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD); Society for People’s Action in Change and Action (SPACE)Society for People’s Action in Change and Action (SPACE) Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA)Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement (BASA) Practical ActionPractical Action

With financial and technical supports of JADE, a Japanese With financial and technical supports of JADE, a Japanese NGO piloting 15 EcoSan toilets in 2004 ;NGO piloting 15 EcoSan toilets in 2004 ;

135 EcoSan toilets constructed and usage by community so far135 EcoSan toilets constructed and usage by community so far Over 80% toilets always found well-managed; Over 80% toilets always found well-managed;

SPACE a local NGO supported by JADE/JICA SPACE a local NGO supported by JADE/JICA Constructed 25 Eco toilets in a flood prone areas; Constructed 25 Eco toilets in a flood prone areas; 402 toilets at household level 402 toilets at household level 15 toilets in 5 schools 15 toilets in 5 schools Cost of each household toilets Tk. 10,000 to 12500 (Equivalent to US$ Cost of each household toilets Tk. 10,000 to 12500 (Equivalent to US$

150 to 180) and toilet owners shared 30% to 40% of total construction 150 to 180) and toilet owners shared 30% to 40% of total construction costs. costs.

37 toilets installed by 100% cost paid by owners.37 toilets installed by 100% cost paid by owners. Each Each SecondarySecondary School EcoSan toilets (with 6 vaults, 6 urinals, 3 School EcoSan toilets (with 6 vaults, 6 urinals, 3

separate hand washing arrangements and room attached) costs Tk. separate hand washing arrangements and room attached) costs Tk. 80,000 (Equivalent to US$ 1180). Schools have shared 20% of the total 80,000 (Equivalent to US$ 1180). Schools have shared 20% of the total cost. cost.

Initiative taken on micro-finance basis;Initiative taken on micro-finance basis;

BASA, a national NGO and Practical Action have jointly BASA, a national NGO and Practical Action have jointly installed 9 EcoSan toilets in Gazipur with financial assistance installed 9 EcoSan toilets in Gazipur with financial assistance of WASTE, Netherlands under ISSUE-2 project; of WASTE, Netherlands under ISSUE-2 project;

Installed 6 EcoSan toilets in Chittagong and Noakhali Installed 6 EcoSan toilets in Chittagong and Noakhali districts with financial assistance of WHO; districts with financial assistance of WHO;

BASA has installed double vault household based UDD BASA has installed double vault household based UDD optionsoptions

Each toilet costs Tk. 18500 to 20000 (equivalent to US$ 250-Each toilet costs Tk. 18500 to 20000 (equivalent to US$ 250-300)300)

Toilet owner’s shared 20% to 30% of total construction costs;Toilet owner’s shared 20% to 30% of total construction costs;

Practical Action (PA) has piloted 2 EcoSan toilets in urban area Practical Action (PA) has piloted 2 EcoSan toilets in urban area of Faridpur and jointly installed 9 EcoSan toilets in Gazipur with of Faridpur and jointly installed 9 EcoSan toilets in Gazipur with BASA; BASA;

Another 5 local NGOs with technical supports of SPACE have Another 5 local NGOs with technical supports of SPACE have started installation of EcoSan toilets in their project areas;started installation of EcoSan toilets in their project areas;

Initiatives of EcoSan by GOBInitiatives of EcoSan by GOB

GOB has undertaken initiatives for installation at GOB has undertaken initiatives for installation at least one EcoSan toilet in each union (4500 unions) least one EcoSan toilet in each union (4500 unions) as a demonstration and allocated resources as a demonstration and allocated resources accordingly; accordingly;

20% Unions could install the allocated EcoSan 20% Unions could install the allocated EcoSan toiletstoilets

DesignDesign

DesignDesign

DesignDesign

DesignDesign

AdequacyAdequacy About 3000 Eco toilets are available in BangladeshAbout 3000 Eco toilets are available in Bangladesh Still under observationStill under observation For R&D it is adequateFor R&D it is adequate For implementation it is still too smallFor implementation it is still too small

Reflection in SACOSAN Reflection in SACOSAN

Bangladesh experienced shared in the last Bangladesh experienced shared in the last SACOSAN (lll) SACOSAN (lll)

EcoSan potentialsEcoSan potentials Bangladesh population : 140 mBangladesh population : 140 m Products about 56 m tons of urineProducts about 56 m tons of urine Equivalent to 45 m tons of useable ureaEquivalent to 45 m tons of useable urea Can replace about 30 m tons of chemical ureaCan replace about 30 m tons of chemical urea Produces about 14 m tons of feacesProduces about 14 m tons of feaces Can be converted to 3.5 m tons of useable compostCan be converted to 3.5 m tons of useable compost Can replace 0.8 m tons of chemical fertilizersCan replace 0.8 m tons of chemical fertilizers

EcoSan potentialsEcoSan potentials Bangladesh currently uses around 5 m tons of chemical Bangladesh currently uses around 5 m tons of chemical

fertilizers which can be replaced by just bringing 25% of our fertilizers which can be replaced by just bringing 25% of our population under the coverage of eco-sanitationpopulation under the coverage of eco-sanitation

ChallengesChallenges

Effective Coordination Effective Coordination User’s friendly and affordable designs User’s friendly and affordable designs Limited funds – Govt. and Donors;Limited funds – Govt. and Donors; Absence of user’s friendly guidelines;Absence of user’s friendly guidelines; Building capacities at all levels;Building capacities at all levels; Still considered pilot;Still considered pilot; Local Authorities unaware; Local Authorities unaware;

Thank youThank you