Asia 18-010

~t.'1'ATb~

·@~ USAID ~ FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

INDONESIA REQUEST FOR CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) IEE Amendment #3 to Asia 15-060 for Democratic Governance Project

PROGRAM/ACTIVITY DATA

Development Objective (DO) D01 - Democratic Governance Strengthened

Country Indonesia

Title Democratic Governance (DG) Project

Life of Project (LOP) Duration June 1, 2015 - September 30, 2022

LOP Funding $79,750,000

Current Date October 10, 2017

Prepared by: Maria lning Nurani (DRG - USAID/lndonesia)

IEE Amendment (Y/N): Yes If 'YES', Number and Date of Original and Amendment IEE Original: Asia 15-060 dated May 15, 2015 (link http://gemini.info.usaid.gov/repository/pdf/43241.pdf) Amendment #1 : Asia 17-049 dated Apri l 11, 2017 (link http://qemini.info.usaid.gov/repositorv/pdf/50017.pdf) Amendment #2: Asia 17-084 dated September 8, 2017 (link http://gemini.info.usaid.gov/repository/pdf/50343.pdf)

ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION RECOMMENDED: (Place X where applicable) Categorical Exclusion: [X] Negative Determination with Conditions: [ ] Positive Determination: [ ] Deferral: [ ]

CLIMATE VULNERABILITY RISK RECOMMENDED: (Place X where applicable) Low risk: [X] Medium risk : [ ] High risk: [ ]

1. Purpose and Scope of Amendment

The purposes of this amendment are to : • Add HARMON I, a stand-alone Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) program under the scope

of this IEE; and • Increase the LOP funding from $59,750,000 to $79,750,000.

The scope and nature of all other activities as approved in the original IEE (Asia 15-060), the amendment #1 (Asia 17-049), and the amendment #2 (Asia 17-084) remain the same.

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Summary of Findings:

This amendment #3 to IEE Asia 15-060 includes five activities approved under this DG Project (Note: The Human Rights Grant Program or HRGP ended on November 2016 and has been excluded from the scope of this IEE). The total estimated funding for all activities is $79,750,000. The main activities are:

• Government Accountability Flagship Activity - CEGAH; • Citizen Rights Activity - MAJU; • Eastern Indonesia Gender Based Violence (GBV) Prevention and Community-Based

Participant Grants Activity - BERSAMA; • People-to-People Peacebuilding activity - P2P; • Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Activity - HARMONI.

A Categorical Exclusion is recommended for activities under the DG Project for MAJU, CEGAH, BERSAMA, P2P, and HARMONI which provide technical assistance and training and will not have direct or indirect impact on the natural or physical environment. Those activities are accorded a Categorical Exclusion pursuant to 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2)(i) for education, technical assistance or training programs; 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2)(iii) for analyses, studies, academic or research workshops and meeting activities; 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2)(v) for documents and information transfers; and 22 CFR 216.2(c)(2)(xiv) for studies and activities intended to build the capacity of the recipient country to engage in development planning.

Update: The original IEE Asia 15-060 was first amended by Asia 17-049. The amendment increased the funding level of MAJU from $7,500,000 to $10,000,000; extended the funding end date of BERSAMA from September 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021; extended the IEE LOP overall duration from January 31, 2021 to June 30, 2021; increased the LOP funding of the IEE from $48,800,000 to $51,300,000; and changed the environmental action to only a Categorical Exclusion.

The second amendment by IEE Asia 17-084 was requested specifically to incorporate potential activities focused on CVE as a new key priority for BERSAMA, MAJU, and P2P, not only for the security sector but for development as well. CVE activities will directly contribute to achieving USAID/lndonesia DO 1 Democratic Governance Strengthened by increasing the resilience of Indonesian communities, civil society, and government institutions to counter violent extremism.

2. Background and Description of Activities

2.1 Background

As the world's third largest democracy, Indonesia is a key ally whose successful democratic consolidation has reg ional and global implications. While Indonesia has been successful to date in the transition from authoritarian rule, the full consolidation of democracy is still a work in progress. In multiple analyses conducted by USAID, other development partners, and independent scholars, the need for Indonesia to make further progress against obstacles to democratic governance, including the guarantee of equality between men and women, has been clearly articulated. Government

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accountability and responsiveness, protection of citizen rights and addressing development inequalities in Eastern Indonesia - particularly GBV - have all been identified as key constraints to democratic governance and equitable development more broadly. Consequently, investment in democracy and good governance carries the prospect of global impact by demonstrating that Indonesia can prosper and thrive as a function of its commitment to public accountability and the protection of the rights of all its citizens.

Previously, the DG Project encompassed four mechanisms as follows: • Government Accountability Flagship Activity - CEGAH (Contract); • Citizen Rights activity - MAJU (Cooperative Agreement); • Eastern Indonesia GBV Prevention and Community-Based Participant Grants Activity -

BERSAMA (Cooperative Agreement); • Human Rights Grant Program activity - HRGP (Fixed Amount Agreement completed in

November 2016).

As the result of FY17 budget approval process, USAID/lndonesia is planning new CVE mechanisms as follows:

• People-to-People Peacebuilding activity - P2P; and • Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) activity - HARMONI (including but not limited to

incorporate new CVE components under CEGAH and MAJU).

As discussed in the DG PAD Amendment #1 that was approved in July 2017, USAID identified the dramatic increase in agitation and violence by extremist groups in Indonesia as a significant threat to stability and development in the country. Spillover from sectarian conflict in Syria, Philippines and elsewhere, as well as the exploitation of ethnic and religious differences by political entrepreneurs, has generated tremendous pressure on the political system's ability to mediate and mitigate conflict among strategic sectors of society.

Beginning in 2016, responding to renewed terrorist attacks, the Indonesian government accelerated its rhetorical, legal and operational efforts to counter the growing threat of radicalism. The creation of a presidential unit in support of Pancasila, as well as repeated public exhortations by President Jokowi and leaders of mainstream religious groups in support of tolerance and diversity, attest to this "wake up call" for the Government of Indonesia (GOI). Addressing terrorism and countering violent extremism are a key element of the strategic partnership between GOI and United States Government (USG).

Activities to counter violent extremism will directly contribute to achieving USAID/lndonesia's 001 Democratic Governance Strengthened by increasing the resiliency of Indonesian communities, civil, society, and government institutions to combat direct threats to Indonesia's democracy.

The scope and nature of all other activities as approved in the original IEE (Asia 15-060), amendment #1 (Asia 17-049), and amendment #2 (Asia 17-084) will remain the same. Therefore, this JEE amendment #3 only describes in detail the additional activities that are not covered by existing environmental compliance documents and thus are covered by this IEE.

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2.2 Activity Description

2.2.1 Government Accountability Flagship Activity - CEGAH

USAlD/lndonesia implements a contract based accountability activity that includes several sub-sectors on justice sector capacity building; fostering government accountability exist at the national, provincial and district levels within the GOI; and fostering more active and sustainable reformers.

Sub-Activity 2.2.1.1: The justice sector consists of judges, prosecutors, police and lawyers; although USAID's only formal justice sector partner under this project is the GOI Supreme Court. Coordination with other justice sector actors, including the Attorney General Office (AGO), universities, and civil society organizations (CSOs), is also important to the success of this project. The justice sector in Indonesia still has many internal problems, but other development partners are working to address those problems. Despite these internal problems, USAID's current and past activities demonstrate that there are reformists within the justice sector who are working both to clean up the sector itself and to re-energize it to contribute to effective law enforcement across the board. Under this project, USAID focuses its efforts to increase the effectiveness of the court system to prosecute and adjudicate corruption in many sectors such as health and education sectors, through technical assistance and training.

Sub-Activity 2.2.1.2: Numerous agencies focused on fostering government accountability exist at the national, provincial and district levels within the GOI. The Corruption Eradication Committee (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi or KPK) is the most well-known and popular of these agencies due to its vigorous prosecution of high-profile cases, but it can only handle a limited number of cases every year and is an ad-hoc body established only because other law enforcement institutions have not performed well. The GOl's supreme audit institution (Sadan Pemeriksa Keuangan or SPK) is the only external audit institution that has power to examine accountability of public sector agencies under the Audit Law (2004). Since the third amendment of the Indonesia's Constitution in 1945, SPK has undergone reforms, however its effectiveness in delivering promised outcomes for improving the public administration of GOI still in question.The Ombudsman and Central Information Commissioner (Komisi lnformasi Pusat or KIP), which implements Indonesia's freedom of information law, also contribute to holding government agencies accountable for their actions. Internal controls within the executive branch are the function of ministry Inspectorate Generals (IGs), the State Finance and Development Surveillance Committee (Sadan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan or SPKP) at the national and provincial levels, and Regional Oversight Agencies (Sadan Pengawas Daerah or Bawasda) at the provincial and district levels.

In order to complement the activities of other Mission technical offices, assistance to !Gs emphasizes ministries critical to the work of those offices, such as the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Forestry, and the Ministry of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs. Under this project, USAID builds on its current and past work in these areas to continue to strengthen the ability of these GOI accountability agencies to prevent corruption, through technical assistance and training. The activities look for targets of opportunity, working with reformers in whichever of these agencies demonstrate the greatest commitment to principles of good governance.

Sub-Activity 2.2.1.3: It is not enough to work with reformers within government, who often are hindered at every step by their peers working to maintain current corrupt systems and practices. These reformers require societal support to achieve their goals and to demonstrate to their leaders that

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cleaning up government will be rewarded by a grateful public. Under this project, USAlD will continue current efforts to foster more active and sustainable CSOs that are better able to research and advocate anti-corruption issues, through technical assistance and training.

Recognizing the linkage between corruption and CVE, with additional funds from FY 2017 CEGAH is planning to implement the following CVE-related activities:

• Engagement with the Presidential Unit (KSP) and Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to institutionalize monitoring of corruption-extremism links into new National Anti-Corruption Strategy (STRANAS);

• Extension of Direktori Putusan (Judgement Database) and data warehouse for judges, prosecutor and police to integrate terrorism, radicalism and corruption cases. This will address a serious knowledge management gap within GOI, which often results in law enforcement and judges not being aware of possible connections between corruption and terrorism activities;

• Work with moderate Islamic organizations to promote public campaigns in support of accountability and greater transparency in funding political and religious organizations;

• Strengthening the ability of financial oversight bodies (Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center or PPATK, Indonesian Financial Services Authority/OJK and KPK) to track illegal financial flows;

• Longer term, more focused research into corruption in key state institutions as an entry-point for Violent Extremist Organizations (VEO), such as: police corruption, port managements, and immigration controls;

• Assistance to law enforcement to analyze patterns of terrorist financing from court cases.

2.2.2 Citizen Rights Activity~ MAJU

USAID/lndonesia implements two mechanisms under this activity: MAJU (still ongoing) and HRGP (completed in November 2016). With funding from USAID Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance (OCHA) Washington DC, the HRGP addressed Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and lntersex (LGBTI) rights. Specifically, the agreement collected and analyzed data of human rights violations against LGBTI persons for evidence-based advocacy and to strengthen access to legal aid for LGBTI persons. This program served as a pllot activity to inform the larger Citizens Rights Cooperative Agreement - MAJU (eMpowering Access to JUstice) activity which started after the HRGP mechanism. All activities outlined in the HRGP fell within the outlined activities of the larger citizen rights project, and HRGP grant has been weaved into MAJU. MAJU addresses access to justice for poor and marginalized citizens; data gathering and collection of human rights violations to inform evidence-based decision-making; and improving the CSO operating environment. HRGP already closed in November 2016; therefore, this activity was excluded from the scope of this IEE.

Sub-Activity 2.2.2.1: When the state stands idly by while citizens or other private actors carry out rights violations, and even more so when the state is a party to rights violations, victims require support from non-state actors to remedy those violations. A key type of such non-state support is provided by legal aid entities, which can help victims obtain remedy through the judicial system. Under this project, the intended results and activities on the demand side to provide technical assistance, training, IT support, analyses, studies, workshops, meetings, documents and/or information transfers to strengthen technical capacity of CSOs and NGOs in target provinces to protect the rights of religious and ethnic minorities, indigenous people, women, and LGBTI communities. This includes technical assistance and training to increase their technical capacity and enable them to become accredited by the National Legal Development Agency (BPHN) as legal aid providers (as of September 2010 there are 310

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accredited legal aid providers and over 500 requests). Due to the legal complexity surrounding the rights of religious and ethnic minorities, indigenous people, women, and LGBTI communities, at minimum technical capacity will have to be increased in the following areas: a) civil and criminal litigation (substantive and procedural law); b) land rights; and c) natural resources managementfenvironmental law. Capacity-building also includes developing affordable and accessible mobile internet/sms-based applications and solutions for interaction between the community and legal aid providers in target provinces, and between those legal aid providers' regional and central offices, with a sustainable training mechanism. Finally, USAID also works to increase the capacity of human rights centers at key provincial universities to furnish training services to legal aid providers.

Sub-Activity 2.2.2.2: Ultimately it is the responsibility of the state to protect citizen rights. While many state institutions are not acting to protect rights or prosecute the violation of rights in Indonesia, there are champions of reform within the government. Strengthening the government's ability to act is critical to protecting citizen rights. Private companies can also violate human rights, and thus educaf1ng them on this subject can help reduce violations.

Sub-Activity 2.2.2.3: (Cooperative agreement only, not HRGP) In the benchmark Freedom House's "Freedom in the World" ratings for 2014, Indonesia's status was downgraded from ''free" to "partly free," solely due to backsliding in a single indicator regarding organizational rights. This was due to the GOl's passage in 2013 of the Law on Mass Organizations, which has been widely criticized for burdening CSOs with unnecessary and restrictive registration requirements. In addition, CSOs in Indonesia lack sustainability not only due to their internal organizational weaknesses but also due to other flaws in the enabling environment. Under this project, USAJD will also support activities to strengthen the enabling environment for CSOs.

With additional funds from FY17, MAJU will implement the following CVE-related activities: • Address a lack of information at the sub-national level on CVE issues through provincial level

analysis of radicalization trends; • Strengthen the ability of the Indonesian Network of Clinical Legal Education (INCLE), which

currently includes seven Indonesian law schools, to deliver counter narrative and messaging; • Support Nahdlatul Ulama {NU) and Muhammadiyah youth wing with anti-extremist activities in

high risk areas, including providing youth vulnerable to radicalization "off-ramping" information and support to increase the pull back into moderate, mainstream Islamic organizations.

2.2.3 Eastern Indonesia GBV Prevention and Community-Based Participant Grants Activity -BERSAMA

The BERSAMA project is implemented in the four eastern provinces of; Papua, West Papua, Maluku and North Maluku, with a predominate focus on Papua and West Papua. Activities provide technical assistance and support to local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and CSOs to develop anti-violence dialogue and increase public awareness of, and critical thinking about, gender norms. As part of this effort, BERSAMA also engages media to hone its messaging and increase the effectiveness of behavior change communication campaigns. In its efforts to involve GOI, BERSAMA facilitates engagement with key government bodies and advocate for an integrated government service package (with health, education, legal aid and security elements) to address GBV at the sub-national level. BERSAMA also provides training to NGO and CSO sub-grantees to improve their individual and collective capacity to prevent and respond to GBV.

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Following are CVE related activities that OG is planning to implement under BERSAMA: • Strengthen the ability of community leaders, especially women, religious and customary

leaders, to counter radicalization and recruitment in communities; • Amplify the voices of victims and survivors of terrorism, as well as former VEO members, to

promote alternatives narratives.

2.2.4 People-to-People Peacebuilding Activity - P2P

With funding from USAID Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance (OCHA), Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (CMM) Washington DC, USAJD/lndonesia is anticipate carrying out activities that mitigate conflict and promote reconciliation by bringing together individuals of different ethnic, religious, or political backgrounds from areas of civil conflict.

USAID/lndonesia will engage groups with opposing views and perspective. By doing this, The Mission believes that trust and solidarity can be strengthened. The overall aim of increased engagement is to foster tolerance and decrease the dynamics of conflict and promote reconciliation. Working with civil society, cultural organizations, schools, universities and media, interventions will include:

• Facilitating discussion forums and create space for inclusive dialogue among communities to overcome ethnic and religious divisions;

• Organizing exchanges and placements of groups and individuals to facilitate learning and increase the understanding of diversity and solidarity;

• Increasing skills and capacities to understand, address and speak-up against ethnic and religious stereotypes at home, school, workplace and in public;

• Implementing advocacy activities on how to search and use sources of information, including traditional media and social media in a non-discriminatory and responsible way

2.2.5 Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Activity - HARMON I

The overarching goal of USAID/lndonesia's HARMONI activity is to increase the resilience of key Indonesian institutions and segments of society against the rise of violent extremism. Individual pathways to radicalism are varied and the drivers and narratives of violent extremism can be community and location specific. Given Indonesia's size, and the breadth and heterogeneity of the preventing/countering violent extremism (P/CVE) "problem set" in Indonesia, HARMON! will focus support on interventions that are narrowly targeted towards communities and individuals most at risk of radicalization (rather than broad, population-centric efforts commonly associated with counterinsurgency campaigns}, with an explicit mandate to build the resilience of key Indonesian institutions - governmental, civil society, religious, and community-based -that represent the frontline in preventing violent extremism in Indonesia. Recognizing that this activity cannot address every issue and root cause related to violent extremism, HARMON I will closely coordinate with other development partners and P/CVE-related programs, in order to execute a development approach to preventing violent extremism, while pursuing objectives that are within its manageable interest and complement security approaches to counterterrorism.

The GOl's vision of long-term development is based on eight objectives, including stronger democratic institutions and rule of law. USAID/lndonesia's Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) for 2014-2018 addresses this objective under 001: Democratic Governance Strengthened. The

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HARMONI activity will contribute to achieving increased resilience of Indonesian society and key institutions against intolerance and violent extremism.

USAID/lndonesia's HARMON I activity is one component of a comprehensive P/CVE strategy, including this stand-alone initiative addressing the resilience of communities and institutions, as well as programs addressing some other root causes of violent extremism, such as injustice, corruption, and lack of good governance. As such, the activity will be actively managed by USAID in conjunction with other USAID-funded, P/CVE-related initiatives, in order to ensure maximum coordination.

The theory of change for HARMON I is: If communities and key institutions have greater awareness of and more effective tools to bolster tolerance and counter the appeal of VEOs, and effective systems to reintegrate former VEO members are in place can, then the resilience of Indonesia's society to violent extremism will be increased. Based on the theory of change, HARMONI activity will have the following Intermediate Results (IR):

IR1 : Communities increase their abi lity to identify and actively prevent attempts of radicalization and Violent Extremist Organization (VEO) recruitment.

This component focuses on two main communities. They are home communities, including families and neighborhood communities, and education communities at schools and universities. HARMONI wi ll focus on increasing the resilience of family networks, study groups, and neighborhood communities by enabling a better understanding of differences and actively resist recruitment efforts of extremist organizations. In order to more pro-actively respond to the threat of violent extremism, the HARMONI activity will promote family and community dialogue on the threat of radicalization. This might be achieved by creating conversations with fami lies and communities about their needs and habits, while relating them to rejecting violence and embracing values of peace. Given the highly decentralized nature of the Indonesian state, and the fiscal and policy autonomy enjoyed by municipal and local governments, it will be critical for the HARMONI activity to positively engage with local administrations, in order to advance the goals of the project. HARMONI will work to address local government policies and rhetoric to embrace tolerance and nonviolence in the public sphere.

Building resilience to address growing intolerance at state schools is a priority for HARMONI. The activity will support innovative solutions with a key focus on making school communities more resistant to intolerance and violent extremism in the classroom and in religious study groups. HARMONI will focus on building resi lience through a combination of strengthening the institutional capacity of the school management and teachers, as well as working with high school students directly. Further, HARMONI may support teacher associations to help its various branches and members in addressing tolerance with their students during school activities, and extracurricular associational life.

At universities, HARMONI will partner with organizations that work closely with key campus stakeholders, including students, faculty members and the university administration to increase resi lience against radicalism. The program will utilize a combination of working with students directly, as well as strengthening the institutional capacity of the university management and lectures. To accomplish its objective, the HARMONI activity will support innovative approaches strengthening tolerance, inclusiveness, and promoting non-discrimination. Further, HARMONI will support university administrations to guarantee and protect space for debate and free speech, as well as equal rights for all students. To achieve outcomes in this area, the activity may provide assistance for developing

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campus policies and practices that are pro-tolerance through a participatory process with campus stakeholders.

IR2: Effective systems are in place and reintegration of radicalized members of society is improved.

Focusing on improving community resilience is one important way to prevent radicalization, but it does not adequately address those who already have been exposed to extremism, and who require an "off-ramp" back to mainstream society. Therefore, HARMON! will also focus on improving the reintegration of radicalized members of society. Strengthening systems that help radicalized members of society and their families return to their communities, as well as preparing communities to accept them, will contribute to reduce radicalism and recidivism. The HARMON! activity will focus on the successful reintegration of ex-convicts in society. In addition, HARMON! will also help communities to reduce stigmatization and bullying when receiving former extremists and their family members.

Whereas deradicalization efforts are being addressed by GOI agencies and prison management is receiving attention by a number or organisations, the successful rehabilitation and reintegration of former convicts and returnees deserves more interest. To date, there is a limited pool of experience and expertise in Indonesia in the rehabilitation and reintegration of radicalized members of society - a relatively new phenomenon. In light of the challenges posed by the increasing numbers of radicalized inmates and returneeds, HARMON! will support the strengthening of institutions and enhancement of skills of rehabilitation officers and social workers that provide reintegration support to de-radicalized ex-convicts and their families, as well as receiving communities. At the same time, the activity will ensure that relevant lessons-learned from successful reintegration efforts are shared systematically, institutionalized, and inform future resilience policies. HARMONI will support solutions to establish effective systems for reintegration of radicalized members of society.

The activity will focus on technical assistance to the Gol to enhance the capacities and services of of staff and develop procedures for successful rehabilitation programs. This may also include strengthening systems that govern the reintegration of violent extremists, with the expectation of improving the success rates for rehabilitation and reintegration. The recipient could support combined efforts by the GOI and experts to identify and reduce radicalism within the growing population of former radicals, convicted or not, and affect their stable and sustainable reintegration into mainstream Indonesian society. This may require working with local governments to build the capacity and policy framework needed to reintegrate returnees into mainstream society.

IR3: Indonesian migrant communities are more resilient to violent ideologies and recruitment by groups that support such ideologies.

Indonesian migrant workers - often adrift while abroad for years, without the moderating influence of the mutually-reinforcing social, cultural and religious networks that constitutes Indonesian social fabric - are vulnerable to VEO recruitment. Originating from across Indonesia, migrant workers significantly contribute to the Indonesian economy through remittances. A recent study confirmed that migrant workers are prone to radicalization and recruitment by VEOs. Therefore, HARMONI will engage migrant workers on this issue both before departure, while they are abroad, and after they have returned to Indonesia. The HARMON! activity will focus on the key factors, making Indonesian migrant communities more resilient to radicalization and recruitment by VEOs. During USAID's initial research, stakeholders identified a need for HARMONI to work with national and local authorities like BNP2TKI to develop and enforce relevant policies related to mandatory pre-departure trainings by recruitment

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agencies on the work to be performed abroad , including an understanding of destination countries, and rights and obligations of migrant workers. HARMONI will facilitate pre-departure orientation programs that bui ld up resilience of migrant workers and incorporate the dangers of violent ideologies and potential recruitment by groups that support such ideologies.

Besides overseeing the work of recruitment agencies through BNP2TKI, a host of other local government offices could benefit from capacity building, including provincia l and district Manpower Offices, Local Development Planning Agencies (BAPPEDA), Agencies for Placement and Protection Services of Indonesian Migrant Workers (BP3TKI), Placement and Protection Service Post for Indonesian Migrant Workers (P4TKI), Education Offices, Immigration Offices, and professional associations for recruitment agencies. Among such offices, awareness should be raised on the potential risks migrant workers face and the process of radicalization. At the community of origin level, working with mainstream faith-based organizations and leaders to establish discussion groups that have high rates of overseas migration can have the benefit of promoting feelings of empowerment and a sense of opportunity to transform and change their communities. Where possible, faith-based groups should continue to engage with women once they have migrated overseas and upon return, facilitating their reintegration into communities of origin, offering support and counselling.

In destination countries, stakeholders described a need for counseling for vulnerable individuals considering joining a VEO, and building the awareness of migrant workers about the threat of violent ideologies. HARMONI will work with online and offline groups popular with migrant populations to improve their ability to influence perceptions, produce resonating content that does not propagate violence, and changes mindsets and perceptions. Consultations also suggested utilizing social networks that strengthen resistance to VEO recruitment, through engagement with Indonesian embassies, through cultural institutions, or faith-based organisations. The new networks may provide migrant workers a psychological sense of community while helping identify early stages of radicalization or recruitment efforts by VE Os.

3. Justification for Categorical Exclusion

The activities included in the DG Project cover a broad range of interventions, all of which are not expected to have an impact on the environment. 22 CFR 216.2 provides for classification and determination of the potential environmental effects of USAID funded activities, and in selected cases for Categorical Exclusions from these requirements. DG activities for which a Categorical Exclusion is accorded include:

• education, technical assistance or training programs; • analyses, studies, workshops and meetings; • documents and information transfers; and • studies and activities intended to bui ld the capacity of the recipient country to engage in

development planning.

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The matrix below summarizes the recommended threshold decisions for activities covered under this Democratic Governance Project IEE:

Mechanism Implementation Projected Project Threshold Environmental Name Period Total Award Location Recommendation Class of Action

CEGAH May 31, 2016 $3 7,400 '000 National Categorical • education, to level, Exclusion technical

May 30, 2021 Maluku, assistance and North training Maluku, • analyses, studies, West and workshops Papua, and • document and Papua information

transfer MAJU March 14, 201 6 $13,350,000 National • activities that will

to level, develop the March 13, 2021 Maluku, capability of

North recipient Maluku, countries to West engage in Papua, and development Papua planning

BER SAMA June 30, 2016 $7,400,000 National to level,

June 30, 2021 Maluku, North Maluku, West Papua, and Papua

P2P TBD $1,600,000 National and Local level

HARMON I October 1, 2018 $20,000,000 National to Sept 30, 2022 and Local

Level

Total $79,750,000

As part of the monitoring strategy, the Mission Environmenta l Officer (MEO) may conduct spot check to verify whether the conditions on the field in accordance with the scope of this IEE.

4. Climate Vulnerability Risk

In accordance to Executive Order 13677 and ADS 201, Climate Risk Management (CRM) is mandatory requirement to all new activities that approved beyond October 2016. In this case, this requirement applies to HARMONI which planned to start on October 1, 2018 and to the P2P activity, which is currently still in the planning stage. The CRM screening conducted for the potential activities under both mechanisms are all categorized as low risk for climate change impacts

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(see Annex 1). Low risk indicates climate change is unlikely to materially impact achievement or sustainability of project or activities outcomes.

5 Limitation and Revision

5.1 Limitation

This IEE does not cover activities involving the following: 1. Activities that normally have a significant effect on the environment under 22 CFR 216.2(d){1 ); 2. Assistance, procurement or use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which will require

preparation of a biosafety assessment and review in accordance with ADS 201.3.11.2(b); 3. Activities involving small-scale construction or rehabilitation works; 4. Activities for the procurement, use or recommendation for use of pesticides or activities

involving procurement, transport, use, storage, or disposal of toxic materials; 5. Activities involving support to wood processing, agro-processing, industrial enterprises, and

regulatory permitting; 6. USAID Development Credit Authority (DCA) or Global Development Alliance (GDA) programs; 7. Procurement or use and/or disposal of Asbestos Containing Materials {ACM) (i.e. piping,

roofing, etc.), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous/toxic materials for construction projects;

8. Procurement, use and/or disposal of equipment containing and/or generating low-level radioactive materials and wastes.

9. Direct or/indirect funding to any livelihood activities that intended to improve economy level and welfare of ex-convicts and deportees:

Any of these actions would require an amendment to the IEE approved by the Bureau Environmental Officer (BEO).

5.2 Revision

If during implementation, project activities are considered outside of those described in this IEE, an amendment to the IEE shall be submitted. Pursuant to 22 CFR 216.3(a){9), if new information becomes available which indicates that activities to be funded by the DG Project might be "major" and their effect "significant," this Threshold Decision will be reviewed and revised by the cognizant operating unit and submitted to the BEO/Asia for approval and, if appropriate, an Environmental Assessment will be prepared. This IEE shall also be amended when: 1) the funding levels in increased beyond $250,000; 2) LOP is extended beyond 6 months; and 3) the scope and nature activities are changed.

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Annex 1. Climate Risk Screening and Management Tool for HARMON! Project (under Democratic Governance Strengthened Program)

IR 1: Communities increase their ability to identify and actively prevent attempt of radicalization and Violent Extremist Organization (VEO). Activities within this IR could include (but not limited) to:

support activities that make communities more resistant to intolerance and violent extremist in the home, in study groups, and in public; promote family and community dialogue on the threat of rad icalization; address local government policies and rhetoric to embrace tolerance and nonviolence in the public sphere; support innovative approaches strengthening tolerance, inclusiveness, and

romotino non-discrimination. IR 2: Effective system are in place and reintegration of rad icalized members of society is improved . Activities within this IR could include (but not limited) to:

improve reintegration of radicalized members and their families return to communities; support CSO that working in this issues; support solutions to establish effective system for reintegration of radicalized member of societv.

IR 3: Indonesia migrant communities are more resilient to radicalization and recruitment by VEOs. Activities within this IR could include (but not limited) to:

engage migrant workers on CVE issues both before departure and while they are aboard; support counseling for individuals considering joining a VEO; build awareness of migrant workers about the threat of VE Os; build social networks that aimed to strenothen resistance to VEO recruitment.

Nation-wide (The fix location will be proposed by the implementer depending on the recent situation)

Precipitation Increase in precipitation or changes of rain pattern may lead to major flood or landslide occurrence and may impact the project outcome. For example: flood in certain area may interfere the community dialogue process during the Focus Groups Discussion session in the filed.

Low

iii·Ei-1¥41fiWMl••·m·· ·1111• Most activities under this project will be conducted in safe location (such as: school, government build ing, prison, community center, etc.) Furthermore, the type activities are mainly in the form of discussion, meeting, workshop, training, and capacity building that are considered easy to adapt with field situation and less impacted by the climate change.

The respective A/COR will work with the implementers to make sure the project is addressing climate risk, if any.

None

APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION RECOMMENDED

CLEARANCE:

DRG: - --+ _____ Date: D~ 5 1 w17 Diah Astuti ri Januarti USAID/lndonesia - Acting Democratic Right Government Office Director

MEO:

ission Environmental Officer

RLO ~~ Date~1 BettYun9 USAID/lndonesia - Resident Legal Officer

REO: C\ ~u.ret\ \,'1 Q..""' °''\ Date: 12/ f,q /l~ - Ghristophor Dogo \"'\ , c. h ci. e. I T . Vve a ver USAID/RDMA - Regional Environmental Officer

b02p v1"~ P. r<j'," " " I Env-.ro '' ""'Q.~+ o. \ .P..J.v. ! or

DDIR: ---..:a~d;<.-~~~~~:/L'----- Date: l~/:t// T-David Hoffman USAID/lndonesia - Acting Deputy Mission Director

DECISION OF USAID/INDONESIA MISSION DIRECTOR: By signing below, you approve the IEE Amendment #3 to Asia 15-060 for Democratic Governance Project

APPROVAL:

DIR:

12/11/2017