asier labaka_elia hermoso de mendoza_arrate etxebeste
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Pine processionary caterpillar
Elia Hermoso de MendozaAsier LabacaIbai SagarnaArrate Echeveste3ºITA (HF)
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Introduction
• Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia.
• Important in economic and ecological terms.
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• In the study:– They Investigate the impact of PPC on natural
populations of Scots pine in southern Spain
• Objective:– Evaluate the consequences for forest regeneration
and thereby prescribe appropriate guidelines to prevent the potential devastation of the pest.
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Biological cycle of Scots pines
Flowering and pollination
April (year 0). year 1
Female strobili arefertilized
year 2
May of year 1 to January
seed dispersion22 months
Cones develop
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Biological cycle of processionary
Cycle univoltine
Adult flight
in mid-summer.45 daysSeptember
Eggs laid and hatchin the canopy of the trees
autumn and winter
larvae developIn the nest ---protected cold
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2.- METHODS
Study realized
In Trevenque area
National Park of Sierra Nevada
Why??
Grow native Pinus Silvestris nevadensis
In 98´- 99´had a heavy defoliation by PPC(pine processionary caterpiller)
Studying Biological cycle
of Scots pine (1)
PPC (2)
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2.1.- Damages
Defoliation January and March
Larvae are in a mature state.
2.2.- Sampling
They observed the survival of the Scot pine
How??
- Estimating of porcentage of defoliation suffered during the period of plague activity.
- And divide the new growth by initial growth.
2.2.1.- On juvenile Scot pine
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2.2.3. On adult Scot pine
Observed parts of the pine as:
First:
Two process:
1) Estimated the percentage of damage suffered during the period of plague.
2) Choose 10 pines completily defoliated and 10 with low or no defoliation. They measured
Measured of diametre, lengh and the number of seeds and the average weight.
cones,
flowers
seeds.
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Results and discussions
• PPC drastically reduces the growth and the reproduction of Scots pine.
• Juvenile defoliated trees: – Grow 50% less than other trees– Have 50% fewer seeds – Have 40% lighter seeds
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• Scots pine have lower rate of growth in southern Spain, so the PPC afection is more important.
• Also the global warming is reducing the days with frost so larval survival of PPC is bigger.
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Conclusion and guidelines
• The effect of global warming on Scots pines because of the PPC will have a negative effect in southern Spain. necessary to control.
• Biological controls have limited effect and are expensivemethods based on self-perpetuating characteristics of the system.
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• Short term the increased tree diversity and community complexity in adjacent reforested pine stands could greatly reduce the spread of PPC.
• Long-term reforestation programmes helping both the spread towards adjacent areas as well as the migration of Scots pine in altitude will be valuable for preventing attack by PPC.
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• This task may be achieved with techniques already developed in situ using shrubs as nurse plants to increase seedling survival
minimizing the ecological impact of reforestation on these protected high-mountain ecosystems.