A.A. Sir Walter RaleighSir Walter Raleigh

1.1. Settled Roanoke Island Settled Roanoke Island (part of North Carolina)(part of North Carolina)

2.2. By 1590, it had disappearedBy 1590, it had disappeared

3.3. Known as the “Lost Colony”Known as the “Lost Colony”

B.B. Jamestown founded in 1607Jamestown founded in 1607

1. Funded by a joint-stock company 1. Funded by a joint-stock company (by investors seeking a return on (by investors seeking a return on investment)investment)

A. Establish plantationsA. Establish plantations

B. Virginia CompanyB. Virginia Company

2. Starving time – cannibalism2. Starving time – cannibalism

A. John Smith takes chargeA. John Smith takes charge

B. Laws Devine – B. Laws Devine – both moral and martialboth moral and martial (strict rules (strict rules followed by the followed by the colony…..if you did not work, you did not eat) colony…..if you did not work, you did not eat)

C. Saved by the POWHATAN Confederacy & PocahontasC. Saved by the POWHATAN Confederacy & Pocahontas

C. John RolfeC. John Rolfe

1. Married Pocahontas – daughter of the Chief of the Powhatan 1. Married Pocahontas – daughter of the Chief of the Powhatan TribeTribe

2. Introduced the CASH CROP of 2. Introduced the CASH CROP of TOBACCO TOBACCO to the colonyto the colony

A.A. Sir Walter RaleighSir Walter Raleigh

1.1. Settled Roanoke Island Settled Roanoke Island (part of North Carolina)(part of North Carolina)

2.2. By 1590, it had disappearedBy 1590, it had disappeared

3.3. Known as the “Lost Colony”Known as the “Lost Colony”

B.B. Jamestown founded in 1607Jamestown founded in 1607

1. Funded by a joint-stock company 1. Funded by a joint-stock company (by investors seeking a return on (by investors seeking a return on investment)investment)

A. Establish plantationsA. Establish plantations

B. Virginia CompanyB. Virginia Company

2. Starving time – cannibalism2. Starving time – cannibalism

A. John Smith takes chargeA. John Smith takes charge

B. Laws Devine – B. Laws Devine – both moral and martialboth moral and martial (strict rules (strict rules followed by the followed by the colony…..if you did not work, you did not eat) colony…..if you did not work, you did not eat)

C. Saved by the POWHATAN Confederacy & PocahontasC. Saved by the POWHATAN Confederacy & Pocahontas

C. John RolfeC. John Rolfe

1. Married Pocahontas – daughter of the Chief of the Powhatan 1. Married Pocahontas – daughter of the Chief of the Powhatan TribeTribe

2. Introduced the CASH CROP of 2. Introduced the CASH CROP of TOBACCO TOBACCO to the colonyto the colony

D. Overpopulation in England led to widespread FAMINE, DISEASE, D. Overpopulation in England led to widespread FAMINE, DISEASE, && POVERTYPOVERTY

1. Opportunity in New World – INDENTURED SERVITUDE (SERVANT)1. Opportunity in New World – INDENTURED SERVITUDE (SERVANT)

2. Free passage to the New World2. Free passage to the New World

3. Promised 7 years of labor – 3. Promised 7 years of labor – ½ died before the 7 years½ died before the 7 years

E. In E. In 16181618, the Virginia Company introduced the , the Virginia Company introduced the HEADRIGHT HEADRIGHT SYSTEMSYSTEM to attract new workers to attract new workers

1. Usually about 50 acres1. Usually about 50 acres

2. Took the land from the Indians2. Took the land from the Indians

3. Hindered DEMOCRACY – 3. Hindered DEMOCRACY – rich got richerrich got richer, those coming over from , those coming over from Europe deeded the land over to the person paying the Europe deeded the land over to the person paying the

passagepassage

F. House of Burgesses, 1619, white males who owned property could F. House of Burgesses, 1619, white males who owned property could votevote

G. Slavery – introduced to the colonies in 1619G. Slavery – introduced to the colonies in 1619

D. Overpopulation in England led to widespread FAMINE, DISEASE, D. Overpopulation in England led to widespread FAMINE, DISEASE, && POVERTYPOVERTY

1. Opportunity in New World – INDENTURED SERVITUDE (SERVANT)1. Opportunity in New World – INDENTURED SERVITUDE (SERVANT)

2. Free passage to the New World2. Free passage to the New World

3. Promised 7 years of labor – 3. Promised 7 years of labor – ½ died before the 7 years½ died before the 7 years

E. In E. In 16181618, the Virginia Company introduced the , the Virginia Company introduced the HEADRIGHT HEADRIGHT SYSTEMSYSTEM to attract new workers to attract new workers

1. Usually about 50 acres1. Usually about 50 acres

2. Took the land from the Indians2. Took the land from the Indians

3. Hindered DEMOCRACY – 3. Hindered DEMOCRACY – rich got richerrich got richer, those coming over from , those coming over from Europe deeded the land over to the person paying the Europe deeded the land over to the person paying the

passagepassage

F. House of Burgesses, 1619, white males who owned property could F. House of Burgesses, 1619, white males who owned property could votevote

G. Slavery – introduced to the colonies in 1619G. Slavery – introduced to the colonies in 1619

A.A. Puritanism movement of English Calvinists ProtestantsPuritanism movement of English Calvinists Protestants

1. Purify the church of Roman Catholic practitioners1. Purify the church of Roman Catholic practitioners

2. a Puritan group called Separatists left Holland for America2. a Puritan group called Separatists left Holland for America

A. Mayflower Ship/Mayflower Compact - A. Mayflower Ship/Mayflower Compact -

B. Called PilgrimsB. Called Pilgrims

C. Mayflower Compact “body politic” – C. Mayflower Compact “body politic” – basic legal system for basic legal system for the colonythe colony

B. Massachusetts Bay CongregationalistsB. Massachusetts Bay Congregationalists

1. Great Puritan Migration – purify the Anglican church from within1. Great Puritan Migration – purify the Anglican church from within

2. 2. JOHN WINTHROPJOHN WINTHROP – Puritan ideals – urging the colonist to be a – Puritan ideals – urging the colonist to be a “city upon a hill”“city upon a hill” – a model for all others to look up to – a model for all others to look up to

3. Strict “Calvinist” – “3. Strict “Calvinist” – “Protestant work ethicProtestant work ethic””

C. C. Roger WilliamsRoger Williams – minister in Salem – minister in Salem

1. Church and state 1. Church and state should be SEPARATEshould be SEPARATE

2. Free exercise of Religion in Rhode Island - founded by Williams2. Free exercise of Religion in Rhode Island - founded by Williams

A.A. Puritanism movement of English Calvinists ProtestantsPuritanism movement of English Calvinists Protestants

1. Purify the church of Roman Catholic practitioners1. Purify the church of Roman Catholic practitioners

2. a Puritan group called Separatists left Holland for America2. a Puritan group called Separatists left Holland for America

A. Mayflower Ship/Mayflower Compact - A. Mayflower Ship/Mayflower Compact -

B. Called PilgrimsB. Called Pilgrims

C. Mayflower Compact “body politic” – C. Mayflower Compact “body politic” – basic legal system for basic legal system for the colonythe colony

B. Massachusetts Bay CongregationalistsB. Massachusetts Bay Congregationalists

1. Great Puritan Migration – purify the Anglican church from within1. Great Puritan Migration – purify the Anglican church from within

2. 2. JOHN WINTHROPJOHN WINTHROP – Puritan ideals – urging the colonist to be a – Puritan ideals – urging the colonist to be a “city upon a hill”“city upon a hill” – a model for all others to look up to – a model for all others to look up to

3. Strict “Calvinist” – “3. Strict “Calvinist” – “Protestant work ethicProtestant work ethic””

C. C. Roger WilliamsRoger Williams – minister in Salem – minister in Salem

1. Church and state 1. Church and state should be SEPARATEshould be SEPARATE

2. Free exercise of Religion in Rhode Island - founded by Williams2. Free exercise of Religion in Rhode Island - founded by Williams

D. Anne Hutchinson – advocated ANTINOMIANISM – Faith in God's Grace is D. Anne Hutchinson – advocated ANTINOMIANISM – Faith in God's Grace is enough to get to heaven no matter what ever else you do on earthenough to get to heaven no matter what ever else you do on earth

E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – The E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – The FIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONFIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION in British North Americain British North America

F. Maryland – founded by F. Maryland – founded by LORD BALTIMORELORD BALTIMORE as a haven as a haven (safe place)(safe place) for for Catholics who had faced religious persecution from Protestant Catholics who had faced religious persecution from Protestant

EnglandEngland

D. Anne Hutchinson – advocated ANTINOMIANISM – Faith in God's Grace is D. Anne Hutchinson – advocated ANTINOMIANISM – Faith in God's Grace is enough to get to heaven no matter what ever else you do on earthenough to get to heaven no matter what ever else you do on earth

E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – The E. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – The FIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONFIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION in British North Americain British North America

F. Maryland – founded by F. Maryland – founded by LORD BALTIMORELORD BALTIMORE as a haven as a haven (safe place)(safe place) for for Catholics who had faced religious persecution from Protestant Catholics who had faced religious persecution from Protestant

EnglandEngland

Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be more in line with their ideology

Puritans were CALVINIST in their religious beliefs; they believed in predestination believed in predestination and in the authority of Scripture over papal authorityand in the authority of Scripture over papal authority

Though King Henry VIII had set out to separate from papal authority in favor of his own Church of England, many Roman Catholic traditions and practices remained

Puritans rejected these Roman Catholic holdovers because of their Calvinist ideology’ they sought to make the English Church “they sought to make the English Church “purepure””

Puritanism would echo throughout American culture in the ideas of self-reliance, moral fortitude, and an emphasis on intellectualism

Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be more in line with their ideology

Puritans were CALVINIST in their religious beliefs; they believed in predestination believed in predestination and in the authority of Scripture over papal authorityand in the authority of Scripture over papal authority

Though King Henry VIII had set out to separate from papal authority in favor of his own Church of England, many Roman Catholic traditions and practices remained

Puritans rejected these Roman Catholic holdovers because of their Calvinist ideology’ they sought to make the English Church “they sought to make the English Church “purepure””

Puritanism would echo throughout American culture in the ideas of self-reliance, moral fortitude, and an emphasis on intellectualism

A.A. The Years before the French The Years before the French && Indian War (Seven Years War) Indian War (Seven Years War)

1.1. Salutary or benign neglectSalutary or benign neglect

2.2. Because of the distance from England, Because of the distance from England, colonies were self-governedcolonies were self-governed

3.3. The beginning of American culture took root, The beginning of American culture took root, as opposed to transplanted English cultureas opposed to transplanted English culture

4.4. Came to a close at the end of French and Indian WarCame to a close at the end of French and Indian War

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DB.B. Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon along with along with former INDENTURED SERVANTSformer INDENTURED SERVANTS & & FREE FREE BLACKSBLACKS objected to the rights granted Virginia’s wealthy inner circle and was objected to the rights granted Virginia’s wealthy inner circle and was angered by Governor Berkeley’s inability to protect Virginia from attacks by the angered by Governor Berkeley’s inability to protect Virginia from attacks by the Native Americans. Bacon commanded two unauthorized raids on Indian tribes, Native Americans. Bacon commanded two unauthorized raids on Indian tribes, increasing his popularity; Berkeley had him arrested with British military, Berkeley increasing his popularity; Berkeley had him arrested with British military, Berkeley

ended the rebellion. ended the rebellion. After Bacon’s rebellion,After Bacon’s rebellion, American colonies American colonies turned increasingly away from indentured servants & turned increasingly away from indentured servants & toward slave labortoward slave labor

A.A. The Years before the French The Years before the French && Indian War (Seven Years War) Indian War (Seven Years War)

1.1. Salutary or benign neglectSalutary or benign neglect

2.2. Because of the distance from England, Because of the distance from England, colonies were self-governedcolonies were self-governed

3.3. The beginning of American culture took root, The beginning of American culture took root, as opposed to transplanted English cultureas opposed to transplanted English culture

4.4. Came to a close at the end of French and Indian WarCame to a close at the end of French and Indian War

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DB.B. Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon along with along with former INDENTURED SERVANTSformer INDENTURED SERVANTS & & FREE FREE BLACKSBLACKS objected to the rights granted Virginia’s wealthy inner circle and was objected to the rights granted Virginia’s wealthy inner circle and was angered by Governor Berkeley’s inability to protect Virginia from attacks by the angered by Governor Berkeley’s inability to protect Virginia from attacks by the Native Americans. Bacon commanded two unauthorized raids on Indian tribes, Native Americans. Bacon commanded two unauthorized raids on Indian tribes, increasing his popularity; Berkeley had him arrested with British military, Berkeley increasing his popularity; Berkeley had him arrested with British military, Berkeley

ended the rebellion. ended the rebellion. After Bacon’s rebellion,After Bacon’s rebellion, American colonies American colonies turned increasingly away from indentured servants & turned increasingly away from indentured servants & toward slave labortoward slave labor

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DC.C. King Philip’s WarKing Philip’s War - New England colonial expansion led to the bloodiest English- - New England colonial expansion led to the bloodiest English-

Native American conflict of the time. Led by Metacomet Native American conflict of the time. Led by Metacomet (also known in (also known in England as King Philip)England as King Philip) he formed an alliance with other local tribes and he formed an alliance with other local tribes and attacked the colonist. When Metacomet died, attacked the colonist. When Metacomet died, it marked the end of a formidable it marked the end of a formidable Native American presence among the New England colonists.Native American presence among the New England colonists.

D.D. StonoStono Uprising Uprising – 1739 was – 1739 was one of the one of the firstfirst and most successful and most successful slaveslave rebellionsrebellions in the New World. About 20 slaves in South Carolina used stolen in the New World. About 20 slaves in South Carolina used stolen guns to kill plantation owners and liberate other slaves. Now numbering 100,the guns to kill plantation owners and liberate other slaves. Now numbering 100,the group fled toward Spanish Florida but was captured by the colonial militia. group fled toward Spanish Florida but was captured by the colonial militia. After After the uprising, many colonies passed more restrictive laws governing the the uprising, many colonies passed more restrictive laws governing the behavior of slaves. behavior of slaves. Sometimes called the Sometimes called the CATACATA Rebellion. Rebellion.

E.E. Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials – Several young girls in Salem Village claimed to be – Several young girls in Salem Village claimed to be tormented by the occult activities of certain neighbors. About 20 people were tormented by the occult activities of certain neighbors. About 20 people were executed. Puritan ministers finally intervened to stop the executions.executed. Puritan ministers finally intervened to stop the executions.

F.F. Halfway CovenantHalfway Covenant – with so many, particularly men losing interest in the church, – with so many, particularly men losing interest in the church, the Puritan clergy decided to baptize all children whose parents were baptized. the Puritan clergy decided to baptize all children whose parents were baptized. However – here is the “However – here is the “halfwayhalfway” part – those who had not experienced GOD’s ” part – those who had not experienced GOD’s grace were not allowed to votegrace were not allowed to vote

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DC.C. King Philip’s WarKing Philip’s War - New England colonial expansion led to the bloodiest English- - New England colonial expansion led to the bloodiest English-

Native American conflict of the time. Led by Metacomet Native American conflict of the time. Led by Metacomet (also known in (also known in England as King Philip)England as King Philip) he formed an alliance with other local tribes and he formed an alliance with other local tribes and attacked the colonist. When Metacomet died, attacked the colonist. When Metacomet died, it marked the end of a formidable it marked the end of a formidable Native American presence among the New England colonists.Native American presence among the New England colonists.

D.D. StonoStono Uprising Uprising – 1739 was – 1739 was one of the one of the firstfirst and most successful and most successful slaveslave rebellionsrebellions in the New World. About 20 slaves in South Carolina used stolen in the New World. About 20 slaves in South Carolina used stolen guns to kill plantation owners and liberate other slaves. Now numbering 100,the guns to kill plantation owners and liberate other slaves. Now numbering 100,the group fled toward Spanish Florida but was captured by the colonial militia. group fled toward Spanish Florida but was captured by the colonial militia. After After the uprising, many colonies passed more restrictive laws governing the the uprising, many colonies passed more restrictive laws governing the behavior of slaves. behavior of slaves. Sometimes called the Sometimes called the CATACATA Rebellion. Rebellion.

E.E. Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials – Several young girls in Salem Village claimed to be – Several young girls in Salem Village claimed to be tormented by the occult activities of certain neighbors. About 20 people were tormented by the occult activities of certain neighbors. About 20 people were executed. Puritan ministers finally intervened to stop the executions.executed. Puritan ministers finally intervened to stop the executions.

F.F. Halfway CovenantHalfway Covenant – with so many, particularly men losing interest in the church, – with so many, particularly men losing interest in the church, the Puritan clergy decided to baptize all children whose parents were baptized. the Puritan clergy decided to baptize all children whose parents were baptized. However – here is the “However – here is the “halfwayhalfway” part – those who had not experienced GOD’s ” part – those who had not experienced GOD’s grace were not allowed to votegrace were not allowed to vote

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DG. G. Great AwakeningGreat Awakening – a wave of religious revivalism – a wave of religious revivalism

1, Jonathan Edwards – severe, predeterministics doctrines, 1, Jonathan Edwards – severe, predeterministics doctrines, graphic descriptions of hellgraphic descriptions of hell

2. George Whitefield – Christianity based on emotionalism & spirituality2. George Whitefield – Christianity based on emotionalism & spirituality

H. H. EnlightenmentEnlightenment – rationalism over emotionalism or spirituality – rationalism over emotionalism or spirituality

1. Self-made, self educated Ben Franklin1. Self-made, self educated Ben Franklin

2. Poor Richard’s Almanac made him rich by age 422. Poor Richard’s Almanac made him rich by age 42

3. negotiated the peace that ended the American Revolution3. negotiated the peace that ended the American Revolution

I.I. Colonists Colonists (over 90%) lived in “(over 90%) lived in “ruralrural ” areas ” areas

1. 1. Charter ColonyCharter Colony – colonists were members of a corporation and based on an – colonists were members of a corporation and based on an agreed upon charter, electors among the colonists would control the agreed upon charter, electors among the colonists would control the governmentgovernment

2. 2. Royal ColonyRoyal Colony – had a governor selected by England’s king; he would serve in – had a governor selected by England’s king; he would serve in the leadership role and choose additional, lesser officersthe leadership role and choose additional, lesser officers

3. 3. Proprietary ColoniesProprietary Colonies – were owned by an individual with direct responsibility – were owned by an individual with direct responsibility to to the king; the proprietor selected a governor, who served as the the king; the proprietor selected a governor, who served as the authority authority figure for the propertyfigure for the property

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DG. G. Great AwakeningGreat Awakening – a wave of religious revivalism – a wave of religious revivalism

1, Jonathan Edwards – severe, predeterministics doctrines, 1, Jonathan Edwards – severe, predeterministics doctrines, graphic descriptions of hellgraphic descriptions of hell

2. George Whitefield – Christianity based on emotionalism & spirituality2. George Whitefield – Christianity based on emotionalism & spirituality

H. H. EnlightenmentEnlightenment – rationalism over emotionalism or spirituality – rationalism over emotionalism or spirituality

1. Self-made, self educated Ben Franklin1. Self-made, self educated Ben Franklin

2. Poor Richard’s Almanac made him rich by age 422. Poor Richard’s Almanac made him rich by age 42

3. negotiated the peace that ended the American Revolution3. negotiated the peace that ended the American Revolution

I.I. Colonists Colonists (over 90%) lived in “(over 90%) lived in “ruralrural ” areas ” areas

1. 1. Charter ColonyCharter Colony – colonists were members of a corporation and based on an – colonists were members of a corporation and based on an agreed upon charter, electors among the colonists would control the agreed upon charter, electors among the colonists would control the governmentgovernment

2. 2. Royal ColonyRoyal Colony – had a governor selected by England’s king; he would serve in – had a governor selected by England’s king; he would serve in the leadership role and choose additional, lesser officersthe leadership role and choose additional, lesser officers

3. 3. Proprietary ColoniesProprietary Colonies – were owned by an individual with direct responsibility – were owned by an individual with direct responsibility to to the king; the proprietor selected a governor, who served as the the king; the proprietor selected a governor, who served as the authority authority figure for the propertyfigure for the property

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DJ. J. New England ColoniesNew England Colonies – centered on trade….subsistence farming – centered on trade….subsistence farming

K. K. Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies – more fertile land – more fertile land

1. Farming “1. Farming “breadbread” colonies – grain” colonies – grain

2. Heterogeneous population2. Heterogeneous population

L. L. Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies – Cash crops – Cash crops

1. tobacco1. tobacco

2. rice2. rice

3. slavery in the plantations3. slavery in the plantations

a. majority of South – subsistence farms with no slavesa. majority of South – subsistence farms with no slaves

b. blacks = ½ population of the South until the end of the French & Indian Warb. blacks = ½ population of the South until the end of the French & Indian War

M. M. The BritishThe British cared little how the colonies lived so long as the colonies remained a cared little how the colonies lived so long as the colonies remained a productive economic assetproductive economic asset through…producing through…producing RawRaw materials for England materials for England

1. 1. MercantilismMercantilism – Navigation Acts – buy and sell goods only through England – Navigation Acts – buy and sell goods only through England

2. England 2. England Control of Hard moneyControl of Hard money (currency)(currency) and gold coins and gold coins

3. 3. Trade Balance to support EnglandTrade Balance to support England – Export more than you Import – Export more than you Import

M A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DM A J O R E V E N T S OF THE P E R I O DJ. J. New England ColoniesNew England Colonies – centered on trade….subsistence farming – centered on trade….subsistence farming

K. K. Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies – more fertile land – more fertile land

1. Farming “1. Farming “breadbread” colonies – grain” colonies – grain

2. Heterogeneous population2. Heterogeneous population

L. L. Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies – Cash crops – Cash crops

1. tobacco1. tobacco

2. rice2. rice

3. slavery in the plantations3. slavery in the plantations

a. majority of South – subsistence farms with no slavesa. majority of South – subsistence farms with no slaves

b. blacks = ½ population of the South until the end of the French & Indian Warb. blacks = ½ population of the South until the end of the French & Indian War

M. M. The BritishThe British cared little how the colonies lived so long as the colonies remained a cared little how the colonies lived so long as the colonies remained a productive economic assetproductive economic asset through…producing through…producing RawRaw materials for England materials for England

1. 1. MercantilismMercantilism – Navigation Acts – buy and sell goods only through England – Navigation Acts – buy and sell goods only through England

2. England 2. England Control of Hard moneyControl of Hard money (currency)(currency) and gold coins and gold coins

3. 3. Trade Balance to support EnglandTrade Balance to support England – Export more than you Import – Export more than you Import

A.A. Albany Plan of Union – Ben FranklinAlbany Plan of Union – Ben Franklin

1. Collecting taxes for colonies defense1. Collecting taxes for colonies defense

2. Plan failed because the colonies did not want to lose control of their right to tax 2. Plan failed because the colonies did not want to lose control of their right to tax themselves, themselves, nor have to unite under a single national colonialnor have to unite under a single national colonial government government

3. “3. “Join or DieJoin or Die””

B. The Seven Years War – result of Colonial ExpansionB. The Seven Years War – result of Colonial Expansion

1. Lasted 9 years (1754-1763)1. Lasted 9 years (1754-1763)

2. French & Indians vs British and Colonist2. French & Indians vs British and Colonist

3. First World War3. First World War

4. England undisputed Colonial POWER in the NORTH AMERICAN continent4. England undisputed Colonial POWER in the NORTH AMERICAN continent

5. 15. 1stst sentiments of anti-British sentiment arose sentiments of anti-British sentiment arose

A.A. Albany Plan of Union – Ben FranklinAlbany Plan of Union – Ben Franklin

1. Collecting taxes for colonies defense1. Collecting taxes for colonies defense

2. Plan failed because the colonies did not want to lose control of their right to tax 2. Plan failed because the colonies did not want to lose control of their right to tax themselves, themselves, nor have to unite under a single national colonialnor have to unite under a single national colonial government government

3. “3. “Join or DieJoin or Die””

B. The Seven Years War – result of Colonial ExpansionB. The Seven Years War – result of Colonial Expansion

1. Lasted 9 years (1754-1763)1. Lasted 9 years (1754-1763)

2. French & Indians vs British and Colonist2. French & Indians vs British and Colonist

3. First World War3. First World War

4. England undisputed Colonial POWER in the NORTH AMERICAN continent4. England undisputed Colonial POWER in the NORTH AMERICAN continent

5. 15. 1stst sentiments of anti-British sentiment arose sentiments of anti-British sentiment arose

C. Proclamation Act of 1763 – forbids settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.C. Proclamation Act of 1763 – forbids settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.

1. 1763 marks the end of SALUTARY neglect by England, 11. 1763 marks the end of SALUTARY neglect by England, 1stst of many restrictions imposed on the colonist by the British. of many restrictions imposed on the colonist by the British.

2. Because of the war, the British government had a huge debt.2. Because of the war, the British government had a huge debt.

C. Proclamation Act of 1763 – forbids settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.C. Proclamation Act of 1763 – forbids settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.

1. 1763 marks the end of SALUTARY neglect by England, 11. 1763 marks the end of SALUTARY neglect by England, 1stst of many restrictions imposed on the colonist by the British. of many restrictions imposed on the colonist by the British.

2. Because of the war, the British government had a huge debt.2. Because of the war, the British government had a huge debt.

D.D. Sugar Act 1774 – new regulation Sugar Act 1774 – new regulation & & taxes on taxes on the colonies aimed at deterring the colonies aimed at deterring (stopping)(stopping) molasses smugglers.molasses smugglers.

E.E. Currency Act – forbade the colonies to Currency Act – forbade the colonies to make and issue paper moneymake and issue paper money

F.F. Stamp Act 1765 – covered all legal Stamp Act 1765 – covered all legal documents and licenses aimed at lawyers documents and licenses aimed at lawyers and a tax on goods produced within the and a tax on goods produced within the colonies. Brought about, “colonies. Brought about, “No Taxation No Taxation

without Representation,” without Representation,” specifically aimedspecifically aimed atat raising revenue for Englandraising revenue for England

STAMP ACT Congress – STAMP ACT Congress – Delegates of 7 Delegates of 7 colonies met in New York to discuss plans for defense. colonies met in New York to discuss plans for defense. Adopted the Declaration of Rights & GrievancesAdopted the Declaration of Rights & Grievances

D.D. Sugar Act 1774 – new regulation Sugar Act 1774 – new regulation & & taxes on taxes on the colonies aimed at deterring the colonies aimed at deterring (stopping)(stopping) molasses smugglers.molasses smugglers.

E.E. Currency Act – forbade the colonies to Currency Act – forbade the colonies to make and issue paper moneymake and issue paper money

F.F. Stamp Act 1765 – covered all legal Stamp Act 1765 – covered all legal documents and licenses aimed at lawyers documents and licenses aimed at lawyers and a tax on goods produced within the and a tax on goods produced within the colonies. Brought about, “colonies. Brought about, “No Taxation No Taxation

without Representation,” without Representation,” specifically aimedspecifically aimed atat raising revenue for Englandraising revenue for England

STAMP ACT Congress – STAMP ACT Congress – Delegates of 7 Delegates of 7 colonies met in New York to discuss plans for defense. colonies met in New York to discuss plans for defense. Adopted the Declaration of Rights & GrievancesAdopted the Declaration of Rights & Grievances

G. Virtual Representation – members of Parliament represented “ALL” British subjects G. Virtual Representation – members of Parliament represented “ALL” British subjects whether in England or thousand miles away in America.whether in England or thousand miles away in America.

H. Sons of Liberty – protest group led by Samuel AdamsH. Sons of Liberty – protest group led by Samuel Adams

I. Declaratory Act – British governments right to tax and legislate in all cases I. Declaratory Act – British governments right to tax and legislate in all cases anywhere in the coloniesanywhere in the colonies

J.J. Townshend Act – Antagonistic measures against the colonistTownshend Act – Antagonistic measures against the colonist

1. Taxed goods imported from Britain1. Taxed goods imported from Britain

2. Created vice-admiralty courts and new government officers2. Created vice-admiralty courts and new government officers

3. Tax collected to pay tax collectors3. Tax collected to pay tax collectors

4. Writ of assistance – gave British the power to search any place they suspected 4. Writ of assistance – gave British the power to search any place they suspected Colonists of hiding smuggled goodsColonists of hiding smuggled goods

K. Quartering Act – made the colonists responsible for the cost of feeding and housing K. Quartering Act – made the colonists responsible for the cost of feeding and housing the British soldiersthe British soldiers

L. Boston Massacre – a mob pelted a group of soldiers with rock-filled snowballsL. Boston Massacre – a mob pelted a group of soldiers with rock-filled snowballs

G. Virtual Representation – members of Parliament represented “ALL” British subjects G. Virtual Representation – members of Parliament represented “ALL” British subjects whether in England or thousand miles away in America.whether in England or thousand miles away in America.

H. Sons of Liberty – protest group led by Samuel AdamsH. Sons of Liberty – protest group led by Samuel Adams

I. Declaratory Act – British governments right to tax and legislate in all cases I. Declaratory Act – British governments right to tax and legislate in all cases anywhere in the coloniesanywhere in the colonies

J.J. Townshend Act – Antagonistic measures against the colonistTownshend Act – Antagonistic measures against the colonist

1. Taxed goods imported from Britain1. Taxed goods imported from Britain

2. Created vice-admiralty courts and new government officers2. Created vice-admiralty courts and new government officers

3. Tax collected to pay tax collectors3. Tax collected to pay tax collectors

4. Writ of assistance – gave British the power to search any place they suspected 4. Writ of assistance – gave British the power to search any place they suspected Colonists of hiding smuggled goodsColonists of hiding smuggled goods

K. Quartering Act – made the colonists responsible for the cost of feeding and housing K. Quartering Act – made the colonists responsible for the cost of feeding and housing the British soldiersthe British soldiers

L. Boston Massacre – a mob pelted a group of soldiers with rock-filled snowballsL. Boston Massacre – a mob pelted a group of soldiers with rock-filled snowballs

M. Committees of Correspondence – the colonist setup groups throughout the M. Committees of Correspondence – the colonist setup groups throughout the colonies to trade ideas and inform each other of the political “mood”, colonies to trade ideas and inform each other of the political “mood”, you call it tweeter!you call it tweeter!

N. East India TEA Company – monopoly N. East India TEA Company – monopoly (though cheaper)(though cheaper) on the TEA trade to the on the TEA trade to the ColoniesColonies

1. Even though it was cheaper – Colonies did not like Parliament 1. Even though it was cheaper – Colonies did not like Parliament (from across (from across the POND)the POND) to tell them who to buy tea from to tell them who to buy tea from

O. Boston TEA Party – Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped a ship O. Boston TEA Party – Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped a ship load of tea into the Boston harbor in protest to the East India Tea monopolyload of tea into the Boston harbor in protest to the East India Tea monopoly

P. Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts – English response to the Boston Tea PartyP. Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts – English response to the Boston Tea Party

1. Closed the Boston harbor till the tea was paid for by the Colonist1. Closed the Boston harbor till the tea was paid for by the Colonist

2. Tighter control of the British controlled courts2. Tighter control of the British controlled courts

3. Stricter Quartering Act – soldiers have the use of civilian homes3. Stricter Quartering Act – soldiers have the use of civilian homes

Q. Quebec ActQ. Quebec Act

1. greater liberties (freedom) to Catholics whom the Protestants distrusted 1. greater liberties (freedom) to Catholics whom the Protestants distrusted && dislikeddisliked

2. Extended the boundaries of the QUEBEC Territory – impeding westward 2. Extended the boundaries of the QUEBEC Territory – impeding westward expansion for the colonistexpansion for the colonist

M. Committees of Correspondence – the colonist setup groups throughout the M. Committees of Correspondence – the colonist setup groups throughout the colonies to trade ideas and inform each other of the political “mood”, colonies to trade ideas and inform each other of the political “mood”, you call it tweeter!you call it tweeter!

N. East India TEA Company – monopoly N. East India TEA Company – monopoly (though cheaper)(though cheaper) on the TEA trade to the on the TEA trade to the ColoniesColonies

1. Even though it was cheaper – Colonies did not like Parliament 1. Even though it was cheaper – Colonies did not like Parliament (from across (from across the POND)the POND) to tell them who to buy tea from to tell them who to buy tea from

O. Boston TEA Party – Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped a ship O. Boston TEA Party – Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped a ship load of tea into the Boston harbor in protest to the East India Tea monopolyload of tea into the Boston harbor in protest to the East India Tea monopoly

P. Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts – English response to the Boston Tea PartyP. Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts – English response to the Boston Tea Party

1. Closed the Boston harbor till the tea was paid for by the Colonist1. Closed the Boston harbor till the tea was paid for by the Colonist

2. Tighter control of the British controlled courts2. Tighter control of the British controlled courts

3. Stricter Quartering Act – soldiers have the use of civilian homes3. Stricter Quartering Act – soldiers have the use of civilian homes

Q. Quebec ActQ. Quebec Act

1. greater liberties (freedom) to Catholics whom the Protestants distrusted 1. greater liberties (freedom) to Catholics whom the Protestants distrusted && dislikeddisliked

2. Extended the boundaries of the QUEBEC Territory – impeding westward 2. Extended the boundaries of the QUEBEC Territory – impeding westward expansion for the colonistexpansion for the colonist

R. First Continental Congress – 1774 formed to:R. First Continental Congress – 1774 formed to:

1. Address grievances against England1. Address grievances against England

2. Formulate colonial position btwn the Royal (British) Government and the 2. Formulate colonial position btwn the Royal (British) Government and the colonial governmentscolonial governments

3. “3. “RevolutionRevolution was on the minds & heads of the people”…….John Adams was on the minds & heads of the people”…….John Adams

S. “Minutemen” – farmers, businessmen, anybody – ready to fight in a minute noticeS. “Minutemen” – farmers, businessmen, anybody – ready to fight in a minute notice

T. Battle of Lexington & Concord – “T. Battle of Lexington & Concord – “the shot heard round the world the shot heard round the world ” The British ” The British “redcoats” had killed 18 minutemen“redcoats” had killed 18 minutemen

U. Loyalist – Loyal to the CROWN (England) and King George IIIU. Loyalist – Loyal to the CROWN (England) and King George III

1. Groups who traded with England & ethnic minorities who feared persecution 1. Groups who traded with England & ethnic minorities who feared persecution from the colonists (usually older colonist with “something” to losefrom the colonists (usually older colonist with “something” to lose

2. Slave insurrections – many rebelled thinking “freedom” was strengthened with 2. Slave insurrections – many rebelled thinking “freedom” was strengthened with the British winningthe British winning

V. Second Continental CongressV. Second Continental Congress

1. Established the Continental Army1. Established the Continental Army

2. Chose George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief2. Chose George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief

R. First Continental Congress – 1774 formed to:R. First Continental Congress – 1774 formed to:

1. Address grievances against England1. Address grievances against England

2. Formulate colonial position btwn the Royal (British) Government and the 2. Formulate colonial position btwn the Royal (British) Government and the colonial governmentscolonial governments

3. “3. “RevolutionRevolution was on the minds & heads of the people”…….John Adams was on the minds & heads of the people”…….John Adams

S. “Minutemen” – farmers, businessmen, anybody – ready to fight in a minute noticeS. “Minutemen” – farmers, businessmen, anybody – ready to fight in a minute notice

T. Battle of Lexington & Concord – “T. Battle of Lexington & Concord – “the shot heard round the world the shot heard round the world ” The British ” The British “redcoats” had killed 18 minutemen“redcoats” had killed 18 minutemen

U. Loyalist – Loyal to the CROWN (England) and King George IIIU. Loyalist – Loyal to the CROWN (England) and King George III

1. Groups who traded with England & ethnic minorities who feared persecution 1. Groups who traded with England & ethnic minorities who feared persecution from the colonists (usually older colonist with “something” to losefrom the colonists (usually older colonist with “something” to lose

2. Slave insurrections – many rebelled thinking “freedom” was strengthened with 2. Slave insurrections – many rebelled thinking “freedom” was strengthened with the British winningthe British winning

V. Second Continental CongressV. Second Continental Congress

1. Established the Continental Army1. Established the Continental Army

2. Chose George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief2. Chose George Washington as General and Commander-in-Chief

W. Olive Branch Petition 7/5/1775 – last ditch attempt after the Battle of Bunker Hill W. Olive Branch Petition 7/5/1775 – last ditch attempt after the Battle of Bunker Hill (actually Breed’s Hill) to avoid war with GREAT BRITAIN (England)(actually Breed’s Hill) to avoid war with GREAT BRITAIN (England)

1. Rejected by King George III1. Rejected by King George III

2. Proposed one year before the Declaration of Independence2. Proposed one year before the Declaration of Independence

X. Common Sense – January 1776 by Thomas PaineX. Common Sense – January 1776 by Thomas Paine

1. Advocated colonial independence1. Advocated colonial independence

2. Benefits of republicanism (democracy) over a monarchy (king)2. Benefits of republicanism (democracy) over a monarchy (king)

Y. Declaration of Independence 7.4.76Y. Declaration of Independence 7.4.76

1. Written by Thomas Jefferson1. Written by Thomas Jefferson

2. Listed the grievances against the British Crown2. Listed the grievances against the British Crown

3. Pertained only to white people – men – not African American men or women or 3. Pertained only to white people – men – not African American men or women or any other minorityany other minority

4. Has 4. Has never been the USA’s Governmentnever been the USA’s Government…..is just what it is….. a …..is just what it is….. a DECLARATIONDECLARATION to the the to the the WORLDWORLD of the Colonist of the Colonist proclamation of proclamation of independence from Englandindependence from England

5. Articulates Individual will and liberty and not to submit to “GENERAL WILL” of 5. Articulates Individual will and liberty and not to submit to “GENERAL WILL” of the king and to protect your individual rightsthe king and to protect your individual rights

W. Olive Branch Petition 7/5/1775 – last ditch attempt after the Battle of Bunker Hill W. Olive Branch Petition 7/5/1775 – last ditch attempt after the Battle of Bunker Hill (actually Breed’s Hill) to avoid war with GREAT BRITAIN (England)(actually Breed’s Hill) to avoid war with GREAT BRITAIN (England)

1. Rejected by King George III1. Rejected by King George III

2. Proposed one year before the Declaration of Independence2. Proposed one year before the Declaration of Independence

X. Common Sense – January 1776 by Thomas PaineX. Common Sense – January 1776 by Thomas Paine

1. Advocated colonial independence1. Advocated colonial independence

2. Benefits of republicanism (democracy) over a monarchy (king)2. Benefits of republicanism (democracy) over a monarchy (king)

Y. Declaration of Independence 7.4.76Y. Declaration of Independence 7.4.76

1. Written by Thomas Jefferson1. Written by Thomas Jefferson

2. Listed the grievances against the British Crown2. Listed the grievances against the British Crown

3. Pertained only to white people – men – not African American men or women or 3. Pertained only to white people – men – not African American men or women or any other minorityany other minority

4. Has 4. Has never been the USA’s Governmentnever been the USA’s Government…..is just what it is….. a …..is just what it is….. a DECLARATIONDECLARATION to the the to the the WORLDWORLD of the Colonist of the Colonist proclamation of proclamation of independence from Englandindependence from England

5. Articulates Individual will and liberty and not to submit to “GENERAL WILL” of 5. Articulates Individual will and liberty and not to submit to “GENERAL WILL” of the king and to protect your individual rightsthe king and to protect your individual rights

Z. Franco – American Alliance – negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778. Brought the Z. Franco – American Alliance – negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778. Brought the French into the war after the French into the war after the Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga (considered the turning (considered the turning point of the American Revolution)point of the American Revolution)

AA. Yorktown – British (General Cornwallis) AA. Yorktown – British (General Cornwallis) surrenderssurrenders at Yorktown in 1781. at Yorktown in 1781.

BB. Treaty of Paris 1783 – USA independence and North American territorial rightsBB. Treaty of Paris 1783 – USA independence and North American territorial rights

Z. Franco – American Alliance – negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778. Brought the Z. Franco – American Alliance – negotiated by Ben Franklin in 1778. Brought the French into the war after the French into the war after the Battle of SaratogaBattle of Saratoga (considered the turning (considered the turning point of the American Revolution)point of the American Revolution)

AA. Yorktown – British (General Cornwallis) AA. Yorktown – British (General Cornwallis) surrenderssurrenders at Yorktown in 1781. at Yorktown in 1781.

BB. Treaty of Paris 1783 – USA independence and North American territorial rightsBB. Treaty of Paris 1783 – USA independence and North American territorial rights

A.A. Articles of Confederation – established in 1777 by the Continental Congress – Articles of Confederation – established in 1777 by the Continental Congress – OUR 1OUR 1stst national Constitution national Constitution

1. Little to no CENTRAL 1. Little to no CENTRAL (FEDERAL)(FEDERAL) Government – only negotiate treaties Government – only negotiate treaties

2. No power to tax or regulate trade – under the King, 2. No power to tax or regulate trade – under the King, excessive taxation often excessive taxation often led to violence by the colonistsled to violence by the colonists

3. More concerned with prohibiting the government from gaining too much power 3. More concerned with prohibiting the government from gaining too much power than empowering it to function effectivelythan empowering it to function effectively

B. Shay’s Rebellion – farmers protested a number of unfair economic and political B. Shay’s Rebellion – farmers protested a number of unfair economic and political policespolices

1. Revealed lingering resentment on the part of the back-country farmers toward 1. Revealed lingering resentment on the part of the back-country farmers toward the coastal elitethe coastal elite

2. The wealthy elite felt uneasy….because they were almost powerless to stop 2. The wealthy elite felt uneasy….because they were almost powerless to stop such rebellionssuch rebellions

C. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – the C. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – the GREATEAST Achievement of the GREATEAST Achievement of the ArticlesArticles ConfederationConfederation

1. Sale of government land to settlers – dirt cheap1. Sale of government land to settlers – dirt cheap

2. Forerunner to the Bill of Rights 2. Forerunner to the Bill of Rights (protect us from our government)(protect us from our government)

A.A. Articles of Confederation – established in 1777 by the Continental Congress – Articles of Confederation – established in 1777 by the Continental Congress – OUR 1OUR 1stst national Constitution national Constitution

1. Little to no CENTRAL 1. Little to no CENTRAL (FEDERAL)(FEDERAL) Government – only negotiate treaties Government – only negotiate treaties

2. No power to tax or regulate trade – under the King, 2. No power to tax or regulate trade – under the King, excessive taxation often excessive taxation often led to violence by the colonistsled to violence by the colonists

3. More concerned with prohibiting the government from gaining too much power 3. More concerned with prohibiting the government from gaining too much power than empowering it to function effectivelythan empowering it to function effectively

B. Shay’s Rebellion – farmers protested a number of unfair economic and political B. Shay’s Rebellion – farmers protested a number of unfair economic and political policespolices

1. Revealed lingering resentment on the part of the back-country farmers toward 1. Revealed lingering resentment on the part of the back-country farmers toward the coastal elitethe coastal elite

2. The wealthy elite felt uneasy….because they were almost powerless to stop 2. The wealthy elite felt uneasy….because they were almost powerless to stop such rebellionssuch rebellions

C. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – the C. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – the GREATEAST Achievement of the GREATEAST Achievement of the ArticlesArticles ConfederationConfederation

1. Sale of government land to settlers – dirt cheap1. Sale of government land to settlers – dirt cheap

2. Forerunner to the Bill of Rights 2. Forerunner to the Bill of Rights (protect us from our government)(protect us from our government)

A.A. New Jersey Plan - equal representation from each state New Jersey Plan - equal representation from each state

(small state plan)(small state plan)

A.A. Virginia Plan – representation based on population Virginia Plan – representation based on population (large state plan)(large state plan)

B.B. Great Compromise – BICAMERAL LEGISLATUREGreat Compromise – BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE

House of Representatives based on populationHouse of Representatives based on population

Senate – equal representation per state (2)Senate – equal representation per state (2)

D. Anti Federalist – wanted a Bill of RightsD. Anti Federalist – wanted a Bill of Rights

E. Federalist – in support of the ConstitutionE. Federalist – in support of the Constitution

F.F. Federalist Papers – by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton & John Jay, written Federalist Papers – by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton & John Jay, written in support of the US Constitution, in support of the US Constitution, established 1787established 1787

G.G. Bill of Rights – added in 1791, The Bill of Rights – added in 1791, The First Ten AmendmentsFirst Ten Amendments to the Constitution, to the Constitution, protect us from our government, one of the few nations in protect us from our government, one of the few nations in the world that has that protectionthe world that has that protection

A.A. New Jersey Plan - equal representation from each state New Jersey Plan - equal representation from each state

(small state plan)(small state plan)

A.A. Virginia Plan – representation based on population Virginia Plan – representation based on population (large state plan)(large state plan)

B.B. Great Compromise – BICAMERAL LEGISLATUREGreat Compromise – BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE

House of Representatives based on populationHouse of Representatives based on population

Senate – equal representation per state (2)Senate – equal representation per state (2)

D. Anti Federalist – wanted a Bill of RightsD. Anti Federalist – wanted a Bill of Rights

E. Federalist – in support of the ConstitutionE. Federalist – in support of the Constitution

F.F. Federalist Papers – by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton & John Jay, written Federalist Papers – by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton & John Jay, written in support of the US Constitution, in support of the US Constitution, established 1787established 1787

G.G. Bill of Rights – added in 1791, The Bill of Rights – added in 1791, The First Ten AmendmentsFirst Ten Amendments to the Constitution, to the Constitution, protect us from our government, one of the few nations in protect us from our government, one of the few nations in the world that has that protectionthe world that has that protection

A.A. Unanimously chosen as President by the Unanimously chosen as President by the ELECTORAL COLLEGEELECTORAL COLLEGE

B.B. Established a “Established a “CABINETCABINET”; Heads of various Executive departments”; Heads of various Executive departments

1. Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State1. Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State

2. Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury2. Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury

C. Hamilton – supported a strong central government – weaker state governmentsC. Hamilton – supported a strong central government – weaker state governments

D. Jefferson – weaker federal (central) governmentD. Jefferson – weaker federal (central) government

1. All other powers “reserved” to the states1. All other powers “reserved” to the states

2. Jefferson, “Republicanism” is the basis for the beliefs of the MODERN –DAY 2. Jefferson, “Republicanism” is the basis for the beliefs of the MODERN –DAY TEA party supportersTEA party supporters

E. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economyE. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economy

1. 1. Strict constructionistsStrict constructionists – only use those powers – only use those powers “necessary & proper”“necessary & proper” to the to the execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that Jefferson indicated that establishing a bank is not among the enumerated powersestablishing a bank is not among the enumerated powers of the of the ConstitutionConstitution

2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (loose) constructionist position of interpreting 2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (loose) constructionist position of interpreting the constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied powerthe constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied power

A.A. Unanimously chosen as President by the Unanimously chosen as President by the ELECTORAL COLLEGEELECTORAL COLLEGE

B.B. Established a “Established a “CABINETCABINET”; Heads of various Executive departments”; Heads of various Executive departments

1. Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State1. Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State

2. Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury2. Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury

C. Hamilton – supported a strong central government – weaker state governmentsC. Hamilton – supported a strong central government – weaker state governments

D. Jefferson – weaker federal (central) governmentD. Jefferson – weaker federal (central) government

1. All other powers “reserved” to the states1. All other powers “reserved” to the states

2. Jefferson, “Republicanism” is the basis for the beliefs of the MODERN –DAY 2. Jefferson, “Republicanism” is the basis for the beliefs of the MODERN –DAY TEA party supportersTEA party supporters

E. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economyE. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economy

1. 1. Strict constructionistsStrict constructionists – only use those powers – only use those powers “necessary & proper”“necessary & proper” to the to the execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that Jefferson indicated that establishing a bank is not among the enumerated powersestablishing a bank is not among the enumerated powers of the of the ConstitutionConstitution

2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (loose) constructionist position of interpreting 2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (loose) constructionist position of interpreting the constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied powerthe constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied power

E. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economyE. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economy

1. 1. Strict constructionistsStrict constructionists – only use those powers – only use those powers “necessary & proper”“necessary & proper” to the to the execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that establishing a bank establishing a bank is not among the enumerated powers of the is not among the enumerated powers of the ConstitutionConstitution

2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (looseloose) constructionist position of interpreting ) constructionist position of interpreting the constitution. the constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied powerCreating a US Bank was an implied power

A. Federal Govt. assume the states debt & pay for the American A. Federal Govt. assume the states debt & pay for the American RevolutionRevolution

B. In 1800, Capital moved to Washington, D.C.B. In 1800, Capital moved to Washington, D.C.

F. Neutrality Proclamation by Washington …..issued by Washington during the French F. Neutrality Proclamation by Washington …..issued by Washington during the French Revolution, and battles btwn France & EnglandRevolution, and battles btwn France & England

G. Whiskey Rebellion – Western Pennsylvania farmers resisted an excise tax on G. Whiskey Rebellion – Western Pennsylvania farmers resisted an excise tax on whiskey to help pay for the Revolution…..Once again whiskey to help pay for the Revolution…..Once again demonstrated the class demonstrated the class tension btwn inland farmers and coastal elitetension btwn inland farmers and coastal elite..

H. FAREWELL ADDRESS – steer clear of PERMANENT ALLIANCES with any H. FAREWELL ADDRESS – steer clear of PERMANENT ALLIANCES with any portion of the FOREIGN WORLD…….portion of the FOREIGN WORLD…….NEUTRALITY/ISOLATIONISMNEUTRALITY/ISOLATIONISM policy of policy of the USA till about 1890…..also do not form political parties…..USA did not pay the USA till about 1890…..also do not form political parties…..USA did not pay attention to that bit of advice from Washingtonattention to that bit of advice from Washington

E. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economyE. Hamilton – national bank to regulate & strengthen the USA economy

1. 1. Strict constructionistsStrict constructionists – only use those powers – only use those powers “necessary & proper”“necessary & proper” to the to the execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that execution of its ENUMERATED POWERS, Jefferson indicated that establishing a bank establishing a bank is not among the enumerated powers of the is not among the enumerated powers of the ConstitutionConstitution

2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (2. Hamilton – Implied power broad (looseloose) constructionist position of interpreting ) constructionist position of interpreting the constitution. the constitution. Creating a US Bank was an implied powerCreating a US Bank was an implied power

A. Federal Govt. assume the states debt & pay for the American A. Federal Govt. assume the states debt & pay for the American RevolutionRevolution

B. In 1800, Capital moved to Washington, D.C.B. In 1800, Capital moved to Washington, D.C.

F. Neutrality Proclamation by Washington …..issued by Washington during the French F. Neutrality Proclamation by Washington …..issued by Washington during the French Revolution, and battles btwn France & EnglandRevolution, and battles btwn France & England

G. Whiskey Rebellion – Western Pennsylvania farmers resisted an excise tax on G. Whiskey Rebellion – Western Pennsylvania farmers resisted an excise tax on whiskey to help pay for the Revolution…..Once again whiskey to help pay for the Revolution…..Once again demonstrated the class demonstrated the class tension btwn inland farmers and coastal elitetension btwn inland farmers and coastal elite..

H. FAREWELL ADDRESS – steer clear of PERMANENT ALLIANCES with any H. FAREWELL ADDRESS – steer clear of PERMANENT ALLIANCES with any portion of the FOREIGN WORLD…….portion of the FOREIGN WORLD…….NEUTRALITY/ISOLATIONISMNEUTRALITY/ISOLATIONISM policy of policy of the USA till about 1890…..also do not form political parties…..USA did not pay the USA till about 1890…..also do not form political parties…..USA did not pay attention to that bit of advice from Washingtonattention to that bit of advice from Washington

A.A. XYZ AFFAIR –President Adams sent diplomats to Paris to negotiate a settlement XYZ AFFAIR –President Adams sent diplomats to Paris to negotiate a settlement after France began seizing American ships on the Atlantic Ocean. French after France began seizing American ships on the Atlantic Ocean. French officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiation with officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiation with American negotiators. Adams ensured a written report of the incident was American negotiators. Adams ensured a written report of the incident was published in American newspapers and it turned American public opinion against published in American newspapers and it turned American public opinion against the French. Eventually the French. Eventually ADAMS kept America out of war with France through a ADAMS kept America out of war with France through a negotiated settlementnegotiated settlement

B.B. Alien & Sedition Acts – expel foreigners and jail newspaper editors for scandalous Alien & Sedition Acts – expel foreigners and jail newspaper editors for scandalous and malicious writing against the governmentand malicious writing against the government

1.1. Was a violation of the 1Was a violation of the 1stst Amendment Amendment

2.2. Aimed at new immigrants, especially French immigrantsAimed at new immigrants, especially French immigrants

. . . . . .. Was a political jab at the Democratic-Republicans. . . . . .. Was a political jab at the Democratic-Republicans

A.A. XYZ AFFAIR –President Adams sent diplomats to Paris to negotiate a settlement XYZ AFFAIR –President Adams sent diplomats to Paris to negotiate a settlement after France began seizing American ships on the Atlantic Ocean. French after France began seizing American ships on the Atlantic Ocean. French officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiation with officials demanded a huge bribe before they would allow negotiation with American negotiators. Adams ensured a written report of the incident was American negotiators. Adams ensured a written report of the incident was published in American newspapers and it turned American public opinion against published in American newspapers and it turned American public opinion against the French. Eventually the French. Eventually ADAMS kept America out of war with France through a ADAMS kept America out of war with France through a negotiated settlementnegotiated settlement

B.B. Alien & Sedition Acts – expel foreigners and jail newspaper editors for scandalous Alien & Sedition Acts – expel foreigners and jail newspaper editors for scandalous and malicious writing against the governmentand malicious writing against the government

1.1. Was a violation of the 1Was a violation of the 1stst Amendment Amendment

2.2. Aimed at new immigrants, especially French immigrantsAimed at new immigrants, especially French immigrants

. . . . . .. Was a political jab at the Democratic-Republicans. . . . . .. Was a political jab at the Democratic-Republicans

A.A. 11stst transfer of power from one political party to another transfer of power from one political party to another

1.1. From Federalists to the Democratic – RepublicansFrom Federalists to the Democratic – Republicans

2.2. Known as the “Known as the “bloodless revolutionbloodless revolution” Jefferson assumes the Presidency” Jefferson assumes the Presidency

B.B. Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the USA, gave the Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the USA, gave the USA USA complete complete control of the Mississippi Rivercontrol of the Mississippi River…. …. Important for future TRADEImportant for future TRADE

A.A. 11stst transfer of power from one political party to another transfer of power from one political party to another

1.1. From Federalists to the Democratic – RepublicansFrom Federalists to the Democratic – Republicans

2.2. Known as the “Known as the “bloodless revolutionbloodless revolution” Jefferson assumes the Presidency” Jefferson assumes the Presidency

B.B. Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the USA, gave the Louisiana Purchase – doubled the size of the USA, gave the USA USA complete complete control of the Mississippi Rivercontrol of the Mississippi River…. …. Important for future TRADEImportant for future TRADE

A.A. WAR HAWKS wanted war with England because of IMPRESSMENT WAR HAWKS wanted war with England because of IMPRESSMENT (capturing (capturing American sailors and making them serve in their Navy) American sailors and making them serve in their Navy)

B.B. War Hawks led by Henry Clay and John C. CalhounWar Hawks led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

C.C. Led to War of 1812Led to War of 1812

1. Henry Clay – west1. Henry Clay – west

2. John Calhoun – south2. John Calhoun – south

3. East – New England states against the WAR – 3. East – New England states against the WAR – pro British because of TRADE pro British because of TRADE

D.D. America was ill-prepared for the warAmerica was ill-prepared for the war

E.E. British captured WASHINGTON D. C. – burned the presidential mansion British captured WASHINGTON D. C. – burned the presidential mansion (re-built & (re-built & renamed the renamed the White HouseWhite House))

F.F. Federalist who opposed the war met in Federalist who opposed the war met in Hartford ConnecticutHartford Connecticut to overhaul the to overhaul the constitution…but war ended at about the same time – the federalist were constitution…but war ended at about the same time – the federalist were considered traitorsconsidered traitors

G.G. American manufacturing – since trade was cut with England – American business American manufacturing – since trade was cut with England – American business thrived-----thrived-----spurred American manufacturingspurred American manufacturing

H.H. National Road – improvements to INTERSTATE roads….. National Road – improvements to INTERSTATE roads….. Maryland to OhioMaryland to Ohio

I.I. Madison worked Madison worked toto promote USA growth, known promote USA growth, known as theas the American SystemAmerican System

A.A. WAR HAWKS wanted war with England because of IMPRESSMENT WAR HAWKS wanted war with England because of IMPRESSMENT (capturing (capturing American sailors and making them serve in their Navy) American sailors and making them serve in their Navy)

B.B. War Hawks led by Henry Clay and John C. CalhounWar Hawks led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

C.C. Led to War of 1812Led to War of 1812

1. Henry Clay – west1. Henry Clay – west

2. John Calhoun – south2. John Calhoun – south

3. East – New England states against the WAR – 3. East – New England states against the WAR – pro British because of TRADE pro British because of TRADE

D.D. America was ill-prepared for the warAmerica was ill-prepared for the war

E.E. British captured WASHINGTON D. C. – burned the presidential mansion British captured WASHINGTON D. C. – burned the presidential mansion (re-built & (re-built & renamed the renamed the White HouseWhite House))

F.F. Federalist who opposed the war met in Federalist who opposed the war met in Hartford ConnecticutHartford Connecticut to overhaul the to overhaul the constitution…but war ended at about the same time – the federalist were constitution…but war ended at about the same time – the federalist were considered traitorsconsidered traitors

G.G. American manufacturing – since trade was cut with England – American business American manufacturing – since trade was cut with England – American business thrived-----thrived-----spurred American manufacturingspurred American manufacturing

H.H. National Road – improvements to INTERSTATE roads….. National Road – improvements to INTERSTATE roads….. Maryland to OhioMaryland to Ohio

I.I. Madison worked Madison worked toto promote USA growth, known promote USA growth, known as theas the American SystemAmerican System

Which of the following religions had the most influence upon the daily life of the colonists of the 17th century (1600’s)?

A. The Catholics of Maryland B. The Baptists in the Carolinas

C. The Anglicans in Virginia D. The Puritans in Massachusetts

E. The Baptists in Rhode Island

The “WAR HAWKS” in the period leading up to the War of 1812 garnered most of their support from

A. The Middle Atlantic states B. New England

C. Urban areas D. the South and West

E. the Northwest Territories

Which of the following documents encouraged church membership in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

A. The Mayflower Compact

B. The Fundamental Orders

C. The Fundamental Constitution

D. The Cambridge Agreement

E. The Halfway Covenant Agreement

In his Farewell Address, George Washington warned against

A. foreign entanglements and the formation of political parties

B. government reliance on excise taxes

C. deficit spending by the government

D. excessive use of Executive power

E. protests by western farmers over excise taxes

Which of the following was a result of the Albany Congress?

A. The colonies began to unite and take actions against the British.

B. The Iroquois Nation signed a peace agreement with the Colonies.

C. The Iroquois remained neutral and the colonists rejected Franklin’s plan of unity.

D. Franklin was able to convince the colonists and the British of his plan for a united defense against France.

E. Franklin convinced the Huron and Iroquois tribes to settle their differences.

All of the following are associated with “loose constructionism” during the early years of the United States of America EXCEPTEXCEPT

A. restrictions of federal legislative powers

B. federal government assumption of state debts

C. the Federalists

D. Hamilton’s Bank

E. the “Elastic Clause”

The carton to the right served as

A. Thomas Paine’s warning against political repression

B. Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the colonies to unite against the French

C. Ben Franklin’s exhortation to the colonies to unite against British authority

D. the Committee of Correspondence’s warning of impending attack against the colonies.

E. the slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the Boston Tea Party

During the Revolutionary War, the revolutionary cause was bolstered by all of the following EXCEPTEXCEPT

A. the strength of colonial currency

B. French assistance

C. the use of foreign military recruits

D. the rebels’ commitment to their cause

E. solid military leadership

The most notable achievement of the United States under the ARTICLES of CONFEDERATION was

A. the establishment of simple majority rule in the legislature to establish national policy

B. the creation of a strong executive office to lead the national government

C. the empowerment of Congress to collect taxes

D. the empowerment of Congress to regulate commerce (trade)

E. the provision for land sales in the Northwest that would benefit the entire nation

To which event do the following words of Ralph Waldo Emerson refer?A. The Boston Tea Party

B. The Boston Massacre

C. The firing on Ft. Sumter

D. The Whiskey rebellion

E. The battle of Lexington and Concord

Which best describes the role of LOYALISTS during the American Revolution?

A. They made up approximately 20-30 percent of the population.

B. They had their largest following in New England, where the benefits of the mercantilists system were most visible.

C. They were few in number and had little, if any impact or significance.

D. Many of them were formerly indentured servants who felt obliged/obligated to the Crown.

E. Most of them came from the royal colony of Virginia and felt loyal to the CROWN of England – King George III.

The success of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 hinged on compromise over which of the following issues?

A. Universal manhood suffrage

B. Slavery and representation in Congress

C. Taxation and term limits

D. The number of branches of government to be formed

E. Voting rights for women

Which of the following acts of British government in the period preceding (before) the Revolutionary War provoked the most outrage

(anger) among the colonists?

A. The passage of the Boston Port Act

B. The passage of the Quebec Act

C. Parliament’s defense of “virtual representation”

D. The monopoly given to the British east India Company on Tea

E. The passage of the Molasses Act

In 1775, the Second Continental Congress

A. decided to cut all ties with Britain

B. revised the colonial plan for military preparedness

C. voted to work out a plan for self-rule

D. adopted the “Olive Branch Petition,” declaring Colonial loyalty to the Crown

E. began to draft the Articles of Confederation

Which of the following events that took place in the years preceding the American Revolution represented the most significant action on the part

of the colonists against British authority?

A. Bacon’s Rebellion

B. The Whiskey Rebellion

C. The Stamp Act Congress

D. The Albany Congress

E. Pontiac’s Rebellion

Which of the following statements concerning the FEDERALISTS PAPERS is true?

A. They were written as propaganda to support the ratification of the Constitution.

B. They outlined the dangers of “Republicanism” in a new nation.

C. Jefferson, Hamilton and Madison drafted them.

D. They contained essays that both defended and criticized the Constitution.

E. They were banned in the New York Newspapers.

All of the following were manifestations of MERCANTILISTS Theory EXCEPTEXCEPT

A. the triangular trade B. the plantation Economy

C. Admiralty Courts D. the Navigation Acts

E. virtual representation

All of the following characterized the Jefferson administration EXEPT EXEPT which of the following statements?

A. It reduced the size of the USA navy in order to reduce taxes.

B. It repealed the Federalist-sponsored Judiciary Act of 1801.

C. It replaced most of the Federalist programs with programs of its own.

D. Except for the excise tax, it retained the Federalist programs for funding the national debt.

E. It enacted new naturalization laws, reducing the required length of residence to five years.

In 1798, President John Adams delivered the following message to Congress:

What event inspired this comment?

A. Jay’s Treaty

B. XYZ Affair

C. The Citizen Genet Affair

D. The Hartford Convention

E. The Pinckney (Transcontinental) Treaty

11stst Paragraph Paragraph Introduction of Topic THESIS STATEMENTTHESIS STATEMENT (last sentence of the 1st paragraph)

22NDND Paragraph Paragraph Support of 1st item in your

Thesis Statement

33rdrd Paragraph Paragraph Support of 2nd item in your

Thesis Statement

44thth Paragraph Paragraph Support of 3rd item in your

Thesis Statement

55thth Paragraph Paragraph Conclusion Summarize your ideas

Last paragraph – re-state yourre-state your

THESIS STATEMENTTHESIS STATEMENT and how/ why you proved/supported it.

1st Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, petition

2nd Right to bear arms

4th no illegal search and seizure

5th Due Process, no self-incrimination, no Double Jeopardy, Grand Jury

7th Trial by Jury

13th Declared slavery illegal in the USA

14th Gave citizenship to slaves & “DUE PROCESS”

15th Slaves/citizens the right to vote – over 21 males only

16th Creates the Federal Income TAX

17th Direct election of Senators – by us the votersby us the voters

18th Started PROHIBITION (illegal to drink)(illegal to drink)

19th Provides women the right to vote (suffrage)(suffrage)

20th Term of President & VP to end on Jan. 20th every 4 years

21st Ends PROHIBITION (Liquor is legal now)(Liquor is legal now)

24th Eliminated POLL TAX as requirement to vote

26th Extends the right to vote to 18 yr. olds