assay and acquisition of radiopure materials priscilla cushman university of minnesota

Assay and Acquisition of Radiopure Materials

Priscilla Cushman University of Minnesota July 14, 2010 NSF Review

PRESENTATION(s) OUTLINE P. Cushman

S4 Management S4 Progress Report DUSEL Facility DesignSchedule and Cost

D-M. Mei

Homestake Backgrounds Simulation Data: , n, radonGamma Screening

L. Petersen

Detailed FAARM designPower & CoolingDUSEL IssuesSchedule and Cost

Priscilla Cushman NSF S4 ReviewUniversity of Minnesota July 14, 2010


Structure and Management of the AARM S4

Principle InvestigatorsPriscilla Cushman (University of Minnesota)Dongming Mei (University of South Dakota)Kara Keeter (Black Hills State University) Richard Schnee (Syracuse University)


• Characterize radon, neutron, gamma, and alpha/beta backgrounds at Homestake • Develop a conceptual design for a common, dedicated facility for low background counting and other assay techniques. • Assist where appropriate in the creation of common infrastructure required to perform low background experiments.• Perform targeted R&D for ultra-sensitive screening and water shielding

Engineering ConsortiumCNA Consulting Engineers (Lee Petersen)Dunham Associates Miller Dunwiddie Architecture, Inc

Broader Collaboration provides input

Scientific Collaboration

Craig AalsethHenning BackTim ClassenJodi CooleyDarrin Grant

Yuri EfremenkoBrian FujikawaReyco HenningJeff MartoffRobert McTaggart

Eric HoppeAndreas PiepkeAndrew SonnensheinJohn Wilkerson Tullis Onstott

International Scientific Advisory PanelLaura Baudis (Zurich University)Richard Ford (Queen’s University, SNOLab)Gilles Gerbier (CEA Saclay)Gerd Heusser (Max Planck Institute, Heidelberg) Andrea Giuliani (University of Insubria (Como), Coordinator of ILIAS Continuation)Mikael Hult (European Commission: JRC Inst. for Reference materials and Measurements)Vitaly Kudryavtsev (University of Sheffield)Pia Loaiza (Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane)Matthias Laubenstein (INFN, Gran Sasso Laboratory)Neil Spooner (University of Sheffield)

Working Groups are our basic unit


Planning for Progress

Wiki Organizational Pagehttp://zzz.physics.umn.edu/lowradAgendas for weekly meetings, links to docushare, spreadsheets, schedules, drawings, etc.

Working Group MeetingsAs needed, often email and small phone conferences

Weekly TeleconferencesIntegration Working Group meeting. PI’s and DUSEL reps

Collaboration MeetingsTwice a year with the broader collaboration. March 20, 2010 at Berkeley and Late October 2010 at Homestake

Contact PeopleP. Cushman (scientific, management) D-M. Mei (Homestake characterization, Sanford)L. Petersen (engineering integration) K. Keeter (EH&S Liason) C. Keller (E&O) R. Altes (Liason Engineer)

Y-D. Chan (Liason Scientist)


Status and Progress Report on Milestones


Early timetable for DUSEL Conceptual DesignFocus on MREFC integrationMet all our “deliverables” to DUSEL

Module occupancy in 2017 Screening starts in 2019Organize earlier screening for other ISEConcentrate FAARM on the ultra-sensitive application

Integrated resource-loaded schedule: S4 early screening MREFC funding construction , installation and commissioning

Realignment of Tasks and Schedule

Schedule for AARM S4 study Site Characterization and Simulation Studies

Homestake delays

redo MC with new design

move to 2nd yr concentrate effort meet goal

possible delayhappening now

Determine maximum acceptable

Schedule for AARM S4 study Site Characterization and Simulation Studies

First pass doneBio/Geo requires work

already done already done

Milestones for the AARM Cooperative Agreement Translating this into a Conceptual Design


FAARM = Facility for Assay and acquisition of Radiopure Materials


Design and Location of FAARM

Design Principles

Surface/Shallow• Easy access for less sensitive screening

E&O projects, NAA HPGe, radiochemistry lab• New labs as needed (not in our “plan” – we will send samples out)

ICPMS, surface characterization, atom trace analysisDepends on the infrastructure in the surface campus

4850-ft level FAARM• deep enough for ultra sensitive screening and dark matter prototype testing• close to experiments for easy access (drive in large items) • share water purification and cryogen infrastructure• unite functions under a dedicated staff• Need new approach to multi-user shielding:

individual lead shields too expensive and not radiopureneutron shielding required for DM prototypes and Immersion tankmuon capture, activation, a-n/fission become important

Elements of FAARM

Entire facility is class 10,000 clean room, < 20 Bq/m3

Several class 1000 clean roomsAteko (NEMO facility provided 0.01 Bq/m3 breathable air at 150 m3/h)Radon-mitigated zones (<1 Bq/m3) and assembly areas (<0.1 Bq/m3)Radon-free storage and unified LN system Wet benches, clean machining, hoods, etc

Instrumented Water Shield with toroidal interior acrylic room

Houses ultra-sensitive screeners (GeMPI style, BetaCages) Reduce cost of individual lead shielding ($2M savings)Active Muon veto, Neutron & Gamma shieldingOuter shield of Immersion Tank, Space for Experiments & R&D Prototypes

Top-loading Immersion TankModeled on the Borexino CTF Whole body counting with 0.1 counts/day, E > 250 keVU/Th at .01/.04 ppt, surface at < 1 count/m2/day (unsealed)6 x 10-6 cts/kg/keV/day from Compton continuumOPTION: Could be replaced by highly segmented germanium

Elements of FAARM

Served by a trained technical staff

Develop staff in the Early Screening Program (DULBCF)Scheduling tools to optimize efficient use of screenersIntegrate with worldwide screeningIn-house analysis tools and databaseTransition the screening in a phased manner

Less sensitive screeners benefit from common facility

outside shield but inside clean area

Radon emanation, XIA alpha screeners, conventional HPGe

Areas for bio/geo/physics assembly

Intellectual center for a new field of low background studies

• 4 tonnes of scintillator (PC + 1.5 g/L PPO)

• 1m radius 500μm Nylon vessel for scintillator

• 2 m radius “shroud” vessel to shield Rn

• 3.6 p.e./PMT for 1 MeV electron

• Muon veto PMTs on floor

• 100 PMTs (Optical coverage: 21%)

• Buffer of water – 2.3m vessel to PMT

• Energy saturation: 6 MeV

Borexino Counting Test Facility

CTF-like Immersion Tank for Screening

Instrumented water shield becomes outer shroud and vetoLow radioactivity QUPIDs can be placed closer to LS Bigger 2m diameter nylon bag filled with LS (LAB proposed)Purification methods (10-16 g/g U/Th andd 10-14 g/g K)

• Distillation (also removes Rn)• Water extraction• N2 stripping• Solid-column adsorption

Sensitive to • bulk gammas • betas and alphas from surface• betas inside 50 m nylon sample bag

Moderate energy resolution & Efficiency

Distinguish • via event reconstruction• via pulse shape

50%

Elements of FAARM

Water Shield Simulations

Optimize shield thickness

Incorporate detailed FAARM design into Geant4 this Fall

Rock (Homestake 4850’)238U 0.55 ppm 232Th 0.3 ppm 40K 2.21%

Attenuation through Water + Stainless Steel

X

radiogenic neutronscosmogenic neutrons

(tagged)

Cavern radioactivityafter 2.3 m thick wall

7.974×10-5 /cm2/sn 4.817×10-10 /cm2/s

Contam Stainless Steel Acrylic

238U 0.1 ppb 9.5x10-6 24 ppt

232Th 0.1 ppb 2.3x10-6 14 ppt

40K 0.028 ppb 1.2x10-6 2.4x10-4 ppb

60Co 4.6x10-10 ppb 6.4x10-5

Total: 7.7x10-5 Total: ~10-5

vs

gamma’s from rock

Simulation Plans for S4

2010-11 Immersion Tank Geant MC (BHSU, UM)

Light collection, signal discrimination, QUPID placement

2011-12 Complete FAARM Simulation

Merge Shield (USD) & Tank MC Include Syracuse studies on screener shielding

2010-11 Independent work on Cosmogenic neutrons

CDMS (Soudan) and LUX (Homestake) simulations continue to improve

Homestake – neutron detectors for 800 levelSoudan – DUSEL R&D neutron multiplicity meter (USB & Case)

plus cavern-wide granular muon detector

2011-12 Multi-depth MC with shower generation

Benchmark to neutron dataLongterm Neutron data-taking in multiple sites


Schedule and Cost of FAARM


S4: (9/09 – 9/12) Design of FAARM and the Studies associated with it.

Post-S4: (9/12 MREFC funding start) Additional DUSEL-specific design work for MREFC

DULBCF: (9/09 FAARM civil construction complete)Early screening program, staff development, EPSCOR elements, R&D, complete characterization of Homestake

FAARM (1/14 1/17) Final engineering-level design, procurement, immersion tank

element fab, photodetector screening & QA

FAARM ( 1/17 12/17) Civil Construction(12/17 6/19) Installation, commissioning, screening starts on 8/18

Getting to the FAARMEach stage has a different source of funding

DUSEL Early Screening Program

RationaleHomestake does NOT have enough room and delays are preventing early accessUtilize existing underground sites, but integrate under the DUSEL umbrella

Begin to build a coherent team and staff

Surface site at USD becomes main campus (equidistant to both deep sites)Hire a director (+students, etc) Keenan Thomas (USD masters student)Build scheduling tool for multiple sites Tightest coordination between

LBNL + CUBED (USD + Sanford) + Soudan

Davis Cavern + Soudan can provide enough new deep real estate until 2019 FAARMNeed to develop & operate GeMPI and segmented HPGe, Beta cagesCosmogenic simulations benchmarked to neutron data from multiple levels

Such a program can ramp up screening and move seamlessly to FAARM when readyCombination of EPSCOR, Sanford, new initiatives – before MREFC funding

2010-11 Construct conventional screeners, install at Sanford

Purchase 1st GeMPI, prepare other gamma screeners for DavisInstall neutron detector at 800’ HomestakeBuild additional neutron detectorsBuild electroformed copper cryostat for GeMPI at Soudan (Reeves &Sons)

2011-12 Hire Keenan, Begin integration of sitesScreening begins at Sanford and LBNL is integratedInstall 1st GeMPI in new cryostat at Soudan and study backgroundsInstall bank of neutron detectors at Soudan and lower Homestake levels Purchase 2nd GeMPI and Clover detector (3rd GeMPI if funds)

2012-13 Install Clover at Sanford and 2nd GeMPI at Soudan (in coincidence mode)New beta screeners will be ready by this time (Soudan or Davis)

2013-19 Ultra-sensitive screening at Soudan & Davis. Dedicated screeners in Kimballton and WIPP are integrated Continue to add functionality (up to 4 GeMPI, 3 BetaCages, XIA alpha)

DUSEL Early Screening Program

Schedule

Schedule for FAARMProcurement and Assembly

Definition: Assembly is building of FAARM by contracted labor Installation of scientific equipment by Institutional staff

Before Module is ready, but money is allocated

• Detailed engineering-level design • Obtain bids, contracts and permits and hire contractor• Assemble and test water purification system• Procure radon system from Ateko (year lead time)• Choose photodetectors, screening and testing, bids• Purchase photodetectors, calibration and QA, electronics• Procure nylon and build dedicated clean room• Build nylon vessel in clean room

Once module is ready (Jan 2017) and radon < 100 Bq/m3 (ventilation, rock coating)

• Install Ateko in module, operate temporary radon-free room for sensitive materials• Water tank assembly incl torus + civil + radon under direction of contractor• Ateko moved to final location inside FAARM• Beneficial occupancy one year later.

Schedule for FAARMInstallation and Commissioning

After Beneficial Occupancy

Establish moderate cleanliness protocols immediately after heavy constructionClean entire lab as soon as possibleClean and coat interior of shield, Install cables, plumbing, air, cryogen systemInitial water fill and test plumbing – drain and cleanInstall Water Shield PMTs – fill shield, operate and calibrate PMTsComission DAQ and shield – long muon run - drain

Establish tight cleanliness protocol, including showers and radon mitigationMeasure particulate level and radon to confirm – commission monitoringAt least one sensitive HPGe moved to FAARM as bkgd monitor Install nylon vessel and QUPIDs (test and calibrate)Fill Immersion Tank with LSInstall nitrogen blanket, clean room – Purity studies with QUIPIDsFill shield – Combined Water + LS test and bkgd runMove other screeners in parallel with Immersion Tank commissioning

• All screeners already bought, tested, and in operation from DULBCF era• Screening must continue with as few interruptions as possible• Staff is already in charge of all screeners, regardless of location• Each sensitive screener is commissioned at FAARM before the next one dismantled• Decommissioning effort (FTE) is flat over the year long transition

MILESTONE

1/18 Beneficial Occupancy

7/18 First GeMPI operational (Background Monitor)10/18 First Beta cage is screening at FAARM

Interleaved transfer schedule continues through the year

1/19 All XIA alpha screening now at FAARM2/19 All GeMPIs, BetaCages now at FAARM *** Decommission Soudan LBCF3/19 All gamma screening at FAARM *** Release Davis cavern6/19 Whole body screening in Immersion Tank *** Fully operational FAARM

DULBCF to FAARM Transition

Bottoms-up Cost Estimate for all phases

S4: 1 M received to make a Preliminary Design of FAARMand associated R&D

PostS4: 200 k for design completion

DULBCF: 8M, includes 9 years of staff & students at 5M and most of the screeners

FAARM: 7.2 M in equipment, M&S, contracted structures 1.6 M in labor: 0.7M scientific staff

0.9M engineering

FAARM Operations at ~ 500k/year labor

Also included tasks/cost from DUSEL R&D, BGE, CDMS, etc

Cost Profile from the Project File

assay and acquisition of radiopure materials priscilla cushman university of minnesota

Documents

schedule schedule

ultrasensitive screening

radon gamma screening

earlier screening

assay techniques

dusel conceptual design

cushman scientific

chan liason scientist