assemble a pc editerd

8/7/2019 ASSEMBLE A PC editerd

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EXPR NO

DATE

PC ASSEMBLING

AIM :

a)

Assembling a pc using given components and assure that the components arefunctioning as a complete system.

b)

Identify POST errors.c)

Install an OS.

INTRODUCTION

W hen we are going to assemble a pc.Purpose of the assembled pc is aimportant factor.The selection of componet is very importet based on the use of PC.

MOTHER BOARD :

The current market trend and availability in affect selection of mother board,although the selection of mother boad must be based on the users requirentand money value. The different kinds of ATX mother board available today. Assure thatthe required interfacing connectors are available with the mother board(USB,PS/2,LANCARD(RJ 45),SERIAL PORT,PARALLEL PORT are available )Available mother boads are :a) INTELb) ASSUS

P ROCESSOR SELECTION :

Processor selection must be relatted with user requirment and moineyvalue and match with the available mother boad.commonly used processors are: a) AMDb) INTEL

MEMMORY :

Selection of RAM is mainly depends on user requirments and mother boardspecificationFor eg: Generally RAMS are DDR1,DDR 2 ,DDR 3.

Normally RAM comes 1Gb,2Gb etc.

HARD DISK :

Hard disk selection maily based on storage space requirement for the user and availability of money and interfacing provided on mother board and hard disk (SATA,PATA, SCSCI) .Normaly hard disk are available in the space80Gb,160Gb,360Gb,500Gb,1Tb etc.

CD/DVD DRIVE :

Selection of CD/DVD Drivers based on money and quality.CD/DVDwriters are also available in market.The main CD/DVD DRIVER manufactures are :


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a)

LGb)

SAMSUG

c)

SONY

ADD ON CARDS (SOUND/LAN/DIS P LAY CARDS) :

Now a days these hard wares are comes with mother board(ON BOARD

LAN, VGA , SOUND).

MONITOR :

The selection of monitor maily based on the resolution and money requiredto purchase and this parameters must match with the user requirement.Now indaysLCD,LED monitors are available with different size and resolution are :Resolutions : 1024x768,1152x864,800x600Size : 15,17.5,20 inchs

Mouse and keyboard

There are, broadly, two types of mouse: optical and mechanical.Mechanical mice use a rubber coated ball bearing that contacts the mousepad or other surface and actually rolls around. Optical mice use a bright light and a sensor to track themovement of the mouse.In computing, a keyboard is a typewriter keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttonsor keys. A keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys and eachpress of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. There are actually threedifferent PC keyboards: the original PC keyboard, with 84 keys; the AT keyboard, also with84 keys; and the enhanced keyboard , with 101 keys. General Mouse and KeyboardManufactures are :

a)

microsoftb)

logitech

c)

Hcl

SM P S WITH CABINET

T he SMPS must be with enought voltage rate(400v) and requiredconnectors,connector to mother board,connector to CD Drive,Hard Disk(SATA/IDE).

a)

Assembling A Desktop P C Building a computer can be a very rewardingexperience. Since youre reading this, youre probablythinking about building your next computer instead of buying one pre-built. This is a very viable option thesedays and can bring many benefits; you can learn a lotabout computer hardware by building one, you get atotally personalized computer, you can choose better components and you may be able to save some money and have fun.Additionally, if you arethe sort of person who wants to understand how things work, if you take broken stuff apartjust to see how it all fits together, if you have a drawer somewhere full of parts you think may come in handy someday, then you just may be in the right place.


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How to build your own P C ( P ersonal Computer)

If you are thinking of building your own PC (Personal Computer), or need practical

information about PC hardware or software, you have come to the right place. With easy tofollow step by step guide combined with many images even a beginner can build, configureand setup their own PC.

Build Easy PC gives you an opportunity to learn more about PersonalComputer hardware and software. We provide clear easy to follow step by step instructionson how to build your own PC, according to your own specification. By building your own PCyou get exactly what you need and can save yourself allot of money compared to buying anew manufactured PC.

At the end of the guide you will have a fully functional PC that should hopefully meet your individual needs. We also provide advice and instructions on installing a specific hardware,this can be useful if you already have a PC and want to upgrade or add certain hardware.The information is placed under appropriate category. The Hardware section providesinformation about all the required PC hardware such as motherboard, CPU, memory etc. Itprovides guidance to help you decide which hardware is suitable for your needs. Our illustrated step by step guide shows you how to assemble a PC from scratch.

The software section shows you how to setup a new hard disk using appropriate software, so it's ready for installing an operating system. Installation guidefor Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7 is provided so that your system is up and runningquickly and smoothly. If you encounter any problems the troubleshooting section should

take care of things. So what are you waiting for, start building a PC today.If you have purchased all the necessary hardware your areready assemble your PC. Before unpacking your components from its original anti-staticbags you must put on your anti-static wrist strap, which will discharge your self. It isimportant that you discharge yourself or there is a danger that you can damage your components by anti-static shock by touching the components. If you don't have an anti-staticwrist strap you can discharge your self by touching the metal edges of your ATX case,although this is not recommended. Be careful not to cut yourself as some ATX cases havesharp edges. Have all the mounting screws that come with the motherboard and a philipsscrew driver handy as you would need them during the later stages.Now you can proceed to the first step:

Install Motherboard

The first thing you should do is unpack your ATX case. Take off the cover of your case sothat you can access the inside. Place the case on a desk so that you are looking downtowards the open case. Your case should come with motherboard mounting screws. If your ATX back plate it not already fitted you can fit it by placing your plate near the ATX back plate cut out and pushing the plate outwards, it should clip on.


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Now place your motherboard on top of the mounting screw holes.Make sure your ATX devices on the motherboard such as PS/2 and parallel port are facingtowards ATX back plate cut out. Gently push your motherboard towards the cut out, everydevices should fit easily into its corresponding cut out, as shown below.

The screw holes on your motherboard should align with the screw holes on your case. Placeyour screws that came with the case into the appropriate holes and gently screw it on using ascrew driver.

The motherboard is now securely mounted to the case. You can now place theATX power connector to the motherboard. Your ATX case should come with a power supply unit (PSU) and should already be mounted to the case. The ATX power connector isshown on image below.

Place the ATX power connector on top of thepower socket on the motherboard. Push down thepower connector and it should clip onto the socket.If you try to fit the power connector the wrong wayround, it won't fit, it will only fit one way. So, if the power connector does not go in, it should go inthe other way round.

Install a P rocessor (C P U)

Locate the processor socket on your motherboard. I am installing an Intel PIII 866 processor on a socket 370 as shown on the following image. The installation would be slightlydifferent if you have a different processor i.e. Slot1 PIII CPU, P4 Socket 478, Core 2 DuoSocket 775, AMD Slot A / Socket A, Socket AM2CPU etc.Raise the brown lever on the socket and slowlyput the processor in place. You have to make surethe pin 1 of your CPU goes into the pin 1 of your CPU socket otherwise the CPU would not get intothe socket, so don't try to force it in. It will go ingently if you fit it correctly. Now close the brownlever which will securely hold the CPU in place.

If you bought a retail boxed CPU it would includea heatsink + fan. If you bought an OEM CPU

make sure you got a fan that is correct for thespeed of your CPU, otherwise your CPU willoverheat and behave abnormally or could bedamaged. Take off the plastic cover from thebottom of the CPU fan that covers the heattransfer pad. Now place the CPU fan on top theCPU and push down the metal clips on the fan so that it clips onto the CPU socket.


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CPU fan has a power connector which needs to be connected to CPU fan power socket onyour motherboard as shown on the image above.Finally, you have to specify what frequency (speed) your CPU is running at. This can bedone using jumper settings, or on some modern motherboard it can be done in the BIOS, or your motherboard may have automatic detection for your CPU frequency. Please refer toyour motherboard manual for more details. The motherboard I am using (Abit BX133) has a

dip-stick jumper setting and it can be setup in the BIOS. I have left the jumper setting todefault as I will use the BIOS to specify the CPU frequency. The CPU runs at the bus speedof 133Mhz therefore I will use the settings 133 * 6.5(multiplier) under the BIOS, which willthe run the CPU at 866Mhz.

Install Memory SDRAMInstalling memory is quite simple. Find the SDRAM bankson your motherboard, they should look similar to the banksbelow. Notice the memory banks has a white clip on eachside. Make sure you release the clips so it bends to eachside.Hold each corner of the SDRAM placing it on top of the

bank 1. You will notice that the SDRAM has a cut at thebottom side, it is there to prevent the memoy going in thewrong way round. If you are holding the SDRAM theincorrect way you will not be able insert it. Gently push down the SDRAM and it should clipon to the memory bank. The two white clips will now become straight holding each corner of the memory. If you have more that one SDRAM perform same steps as above but placingthe SDRAM in memory bank 2 and so on.

IDE or SATA Hard drive

Please choose the type of hard drive you will be using to build the system. If you have anIDE hard drive (also known as ATA or PATA) then choose IDE. If you have SATA ( SerialATA) hard drive then choose SATA. If you don't know what type hard drive you have, thenlook at the image below and choose the one that matches your hard drive.

Install IDE Hard Drive

If you look at the rear side of an IDE hard drive it should look similar to the imagebelow.The IDE/ATA connector is on the left hand side which consists of many pins. Next to theIDE connector is the jumper setting for the drive. The jumper should be set to Master, whichis the default setting for a new HDD. Any other device sharing the same IDE cable shouldbe set to Slave. Different HDD has different jumper settings, please refer to your HDDmanual for more information. On the right hand side, next to the jumpers is the power connector. Every device except FDD uses this type of power connector.Figure 1 and 2 below shows what an ATA 66 and a power cable looks like. The ATA 66cable which is also known as UDMA 66 cable is an advance IDE cable, which offers higher performance and data integrity than the standard IDE cable. ATA 66 cable consists of 80conductor cable where as the standard IDE cable consists of 40 conductor cable. I am usingan ATA 66 cable because the above HDD is an ATA 100 drive which requires an ATA 66cable.


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Figure 1 - ATA 66 Cable Figure 2 - Power cable Figure 3 IDE Hard disk

Place your hard drive into the HDD mounting slot of your case, make sure the IDE/ATAconnector is facing outwards. Screw the HDD to the case using screws provided with theHDD or the ATX case.

Insert the ATA 66 cable into the ATA connector of the HDD. Make sure the pin 1 on thecable is connected to pin 1 on the HDD connector. Pin 1 is the red or pink strip on the edgeof an ATA cable. Most new IDE/ATA cables are designed so that it will only go in one way

which will correspond to pin 1.

Push the power cable into the power connector as shown. The power cable is designed to goin one way, so you shouldn't have any problems.

Connect the other end of the ATA 66 cable to the primary ATA socket of your motherboardas shown. Make sure the pin 1 on the cable connects to the pin 1 on the ATA socket.That's it you have successfully installed a HDD.


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SATA Hard Disk Drive Installation If you look at the rear side of a SATA hard drive itshould look similar to the image below.The SATA cable connector is on the left hand sidewhich consists of few pins. Next to the SATAconnector on the right side is SATA power connector which consist of many pins. You will notice thatSATA hard drives do not have any jumper settings for slave or master as each drive will connect to adedicated SATA port on the motherboard.

Figure 1 - SATA Harddrive Place your hard drive into the HDD mounting slot of your case, make sure the SATAconnector is facing outwards. Screw the HDD to the case using screws provided with theHDD or the ATX case.

Now have a look at the SATA data cable as show on the imagebelow. You need to connect one end of the SATA data cable to the SATA connector of thehard drive. Look at the top of the cable to see which way it should go in. It would only fit oneway so you can not fit it the wrong way round. Gently push the cable into place.The image below is a SATA power connector. This needs to be connected to the power socket of the SATA hard drive. Gently push it into place. It will only fit one way so there isno danger of fitting it wrong way round.

SATA Power cable SATA Cable

If you have an old ATX power supply you will not have a SATA power connector as theyonly have 12V molex connector. In this case, if you do not want to replace your power supply unit then you can get a 'Molex to SATA' power cable converter as shown on figure 4.


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Figure 4 - Molex to SATA Power cable converter

Finally you need to fit the other end of the SATA data cable to a SATA socket / port on themotherboard. Again it will only fit one way and gently fit into position. It does not matter which socket you plug it into as it will work on any SATA socket. But it is better to plug itinto SATA socket 1 if you only have one hard drive. If you add another SATA device youcan connect it to SATA socket 2 and so on.

Figure 5 - SATA Socket (port) on motherboard

Install Floppy Disk Drive

The rear side of a floppy drive looks similar to the following image.

The black connector on the left hand side is the floppy disk connector. It is different fromthe IDE connector and uses a different cable. The small white connector on the right handside is the power connector for the floppy drive. Figure 1 and 2 below shows what a floppydrive cable and floppy drive power connector looks like.

Figure 1 - Floppy drive cable.


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Figure 2 - Floppy drive power cablePlace the floppy drive into the FDD mounting slot as shown. Screw the drive securely into

place.

Insert the floppy drive cable into the floppy drive connector. Make sure the pin 1 on thecable connects to the pin 1 on the floppy drive connector. As you already know by now thatpin 1 is the red or pink strip on the edge of the floppy drive cable. Most floppy drive cablesare designed so that it will only go in on way, so you can not connect it incorrectly.

Push the floppy drive power cable to the power connector. This will only go in on way.

Finally connect the other end of the floppy drive cable to floppy drive connector on your motherboard. Make sure pin 1 on the cable connects to pin 1 on the connector.


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Install CD / DVD-ROM

If you look at the rear side of your CD / DVD-ROM it should look similar to image shownon figure 1.On the right hand side you have the power connector. Next to power connector you have the

IDE connector. On the left hand side near the IDE connector you have the jumper settingsfor the DVD-ROM. The jumper is set to Master by default. I am connecting the DVD-ROMon a separate IDE cable therefore I will leave the jumper setting to Master. However if youare sharing an IDE cable with another device like HDD, then you would have to set jumper to Slave, as your HDD would be set to Master. Next to the jumpers you have the CD Audio-Out socket. One side of your audio cable connects to this socket and other side connects tothe sound card cd-in socket. This would allow you to listen to Audio CD's on your computer.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Mount your CD/DVD-ROM drive into its mounting slot. Use the supplied screws to screwthe drive into position.

Figure 3 Figure 4

Connect the IDE cable to the drives IDE connector. Make sure the pin 1 on the cable isconnected to pin 1 on the drives IDE connector. Pin 1 is the red or pink strip on the edge of an IDE cable. Connect the other end of the IDE cable to the IDE socket on your motherboardas shown in figure 4. Again, make sure you conncet the cable to pin 1. The IDE socket couldbe your primary or secondary socket depending which socket you choose. If your HDD is onthe primary IDE socket and your secondary IDE socket is free, then it is better to use your secondary IDE socket for the CD/DVD-ROM.

Finally connect the power cable to power connector and connect the audio cable to the CDAudio-Out socket as shown on figure 3.


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Install CD/DVD WriterThe rear end of your CD/DVD drive should look similar to the image below.

It contains all the usual connectors such an IDE connector, a power connector, audioconnector, and a place to set the jumpers. Set the jumpers so the drive is configured to run asa Master device. It is best to connect your CD-RW on separate IDE cable. This would avoidproblems while you copy CD's on-the-fly. This means copying a source CD from aCD/DVD-ROM drive to a blank destination CD in your CD-RW drive without the sourceCD being copied to the hard disk first. Copying on-the-fly is less time consuming thancopying the source CD to the hard disk first. However if you decide to connect your CD-RWdrive and another device like a DVD-ROM on the same IDE cable, it would be fineproviding you make an image of your source CD on a HDD first before copying to your blank CD. You may have problems such as "buffer under run" errors if you try to copy on-the-fly.

Place your CD-RW drive into a mounting slot as shown. Position the drive correctly andscrew it onto the case.

Connect the IDE and the power cable to the drive. If you want to use the CD-RW drive for playing Audio CD's then you also need to connect an audio cable to the Audio-out socket of the drive. If you have a CD/DVD-ROM then the audio cable is usually connected that driveinstead of the CD-RW, but there is no reason why you can't have both.

Finally the other end of the IDE cable should be connected to an IDE socket of themotherboard.


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Install Graphics Card

Most modern graphics cards are AGP based and connects to the AGP bus of the

motherboard. An AGP bus (slot) looks like the following image. The brown slot is whereyou connect your AGP graphics card.

Place your AGP card on top of the slot and gently push it down. The card should firmly sitinto position.

All you need to do now is to screw the metal plate on the front of the card to the ATX case.Use the screws supplied with case and screw the card to the case.

Install Sound CardMost modern sound cards are designed with the PCI interface and connects to the PCI slot of your motherboard. A PCI slot looks like the slots on the following image.

Place your sound card on top of a chosen slot. Gently push down the card so it sits intoposition. Once the card is seated correctly into position, screw the card on to the case.


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Finally insert the audio cable into the CD-IN socket. The other end of the cable should beconnected to Audio-out socket on your CD/DVD-ROM drive.

Install ModemFind a free PCI slot on your motherboard (assuming your modem is a PCI modem). Placeyour modem card on top of the slot and gently push it down into position.

Once the card has seated correctly into position, screw the card to the case using the screwssupplied with the case.

Install TV Card

Installing a TV card is no more difficult than installing any other PCI cards. Locate anunused PCI slot and place the card on top. Gently push card down into the slot.

When the card is correctly in position, screw the card securely on to the case.


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Note that a TV card uses two IRQ (Interrupt Request) one for video and one for audio. It isbest to place your TV card into a slot which does not conflict with an IRQ of another device.Although IRQ sharing is possible, some TV cards may behave abnormally if you are sharingIRQ's.

Finalizing StageNow that you have installed all the necessary hardware there are still few more things youneed to do before switching on your PC for the first time. Your ATX case has a power switch which turns the PC on, a reset switch for resetting the system, a power LED whichcomes on when the PC is switched on and a hard drive LED which flashes when data isbeing written or read from your hard drive. You also have an internal speaker.

Figure 1 - Power and Reset switchThe switches and LED's need to be connected to its corresponding connectors on themotherboard. Please refer to your motherboard manual to locate where the connectors are.Different motherboards place the connectors in different locations. The connectors for theswitches and LED's are normally grouped together. They should look similar to the imagebelow.

Figure 2 - Switch and LED connectorsEvery cable is normally labeled, they are normally named as follows, but could be slightlydifferent on your system.

Power switch Power / PWR-SW

Reset switch ResetP ower LED Power LED / PWR-LED

Hard drive LED HDD-LED / IDE LEDSpeaker SPK / Speaker

The connectors on the motherboard are also labeled but may be too small to see. Insteadrefer to your motherboard manual which would provide details on which pins you shouldconnect the cables to. The image below shows how the pins may be organised on your motherboard.


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Once you have connected all the cables to the correctpins on the motherboard, you are ready to switch the PCon. At this point you can close the cover of your ATXcase but don't screw it on just yet as you might havepossible problems that needs rectifying. Connect all thecables to back of ATX case. These includes the main

power cable that connects to the power supply. PS/2mouse and keyboard that connects to the PS/2 ports.Monitor cable that connects to the graphics card port,etc. Finally the moment has arrived. Switch on your monitor first. Your ATX power supply might have amain power switch at the back so make sure that is switched on. Now switch the PC on bypressing the power switch on the front of the ATX case. If you have performed all the taskswithout any mistakes and providing that none of the main components are faulty, the PCshould boot. When the PC boots you should see the name of the BIOS manufacturer, such asAWARD BIOS displayed on your monitor. Your CPU type, speed and the amount of memory should be displayed as shown on image below.

If your motherboard has a plug and play BIOS and is set to automatic device detection bydefault, then you would see your IDE devices being detected followed by a promptcomplaining about missing operating system. If your motherboard does not detect thehardware, then you need to proceed to the BIOS setup screen by pressing DEL or F1 or F2depending on your motherboard. Congratulations you have completed building your own PC.You now need to proceed to the software section which explains how to setup the BIOS,Hard disk and install an operating system.If things did not go smoothly and your PC does not switch on then go to the troubleshootingsection for possible solutions.

b) P ower-on self-test Error P ower-on s elf-test (P OST ) refers to routines run immediately after power is applied, bynearly all electronic devices. Perhaps the most widely-known usage pertains to computingdevices (personal computers, PDAs, networking devices such as routers, switches, intrusiondetection systems and other monitoring devices). Other devices include kitchen appliances,avionics, medical equipment, laboratory test equipment -- all embedded devices. Theroutines are part of a device's pre-boot sequence . Once POST completes successfully,bootstrapping code is invoked.

The first stage of a typical POST operation. (AMI Bios)


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The second stage of a POST. Sometimes, it is shown 'Bootfrom CD'. (AMI Bios)Routines included during POST include routines to set an initial value for internal andoutput signals and to execute internal tests, as determined by the device maker. These initialconditions are also referred to as the device's state . They may be stored in firmware or included as hardware, either as part of the design itself, or they may be part of semiconductor substrate either by virtue of being part of a device mask, or after beingburned into a device such as a programmable logic array (PLA).

Test results may be enunciated either on a panel that is partof the device, or output via bus to an external device. They may also be stored internally, or may exist only until the next power-down. In some cases, such as in aircraft andautomobiles, only the fact that a failure occurred may be displayed (either visibly or to anon-board computer) but may also upload detail about the failure(s) when a diagnostic tool isconnected.

POST protects the bootstrapped code from beinginterrupted by faulty hardware. Diagnostic information provided by a device, for examplewhen connected to an engine analyzer, depends on the proper function of the device'sinternal components. In these cases, if the device is not capable of providing accurateinformation, subsequent code (such as bootstrapping code) may not be permitted to run. Thisis done to ensure that, if a device is not safe to run, it is not permitted to run.

General internal workings On power up, the main duties of POST are handled by the

BIOS, which may hand some of these duties to other programs designed to initialize veryspecific peripheral devices, notably for video and SCSI initialization. These other duty-specificprograms are generally known collectively as option ROMs or individually as the video BIOS ,SCSI BIOS, etc.The principal duties of the main BIOS during POST are as follows:y

verify the integrity of the BIOS code itself

y

find, size, and verify system main memory

y

discover, initialize, and catalog all syste m buses and devices

y

pass control to other specialized BIOSes (if and when required)

y

provide a user interface for system's configuration

y

identify, organize, and select which devices are available for booting

y

construct whatever system environment that is required by the target OS

The BIOS will begin its POST duties when the CPU is reset. The firstmemory location the CPU tries to execute is known as the reset vector . In the case of a hardreboot, the northbridge will direct this code fetch (request) to the BIOS located on the systemflash memory. For a war m boot , the BIOS will be located in the proper place in RAM and thenorthbridge will direct the reset vector call to the RAM. On computers or motherboardscreated by ASUS, you will have to press the Tab key to show the POST screen.During the POST flow of a contemporary BIOS, one of the first things a BIOS should do isdetermine the reason it is executing. For a cold boot, for example, it may need to execute all


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y

Continuous beep - Power supply, system board, or keyboard problem

y

Repeating short beeps - Power supply or system board problem or keyboard

y

1 long, 1 short beep - Syste m board problem

y

1 long, 2 short beeps - Display adapter problem (MDA, CGA)

y

1 long, 3 short beeps - Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)

y

3 long beeps - 3270 keyboard card

P OST AMI BIOS beep codesy

1 - Me mory refresh timer error

y

2 - Parity error in base memory (first 64 KiB block)

y

3 - Base m emory read/write test error

y

4 - Mother board timer not operational (check all PSU to MB connectors seated)

y

5 - Processor failure

y

6 - 8042 Gate A20 t est error (cannot switch to protected mode)

y

7 - General exception error (processor exception interrupt error)

y

8 - Display memory error (system video adapter)

y

9 - AMI BIOS ROM checksu m error

y

10 - CMOS shutdown register read/write error

y

11 - Cache memory test failedy

12 - Mother board does not detect a RAM module (continuous beeping)

P OST beep codes on CompTIA A+ Hardware Core exam

These POST beep codes are covered specifically on the CompTIAA+ Core Hardware Exa m:

Beeps MeaningSteady, short beeps Power supply may be badLong continuous beep tone Memory failureSteady, long beeps Power supply bad

No beep Power supply bad, system not plugged in, or power notturned on

No beepIf everything seems to be functioning correctly theremay be a problem with the 'beeper' itself. The systemwill normally beep one short beep.

One long, two short beeps Video card failure

IBM P OST diagnostic code descriptions

y

100 to 1 99 - System boards

y

200 to 2 99 - Memory

y

300 to 3 99 - Keyboardy

400 to 4 99 - Monochrome display

y

500 to 5 99 - Color/graphics display

y

600 to 6 99 - Floppy-disk drive or adapter

y

700 to 7 99 - Math coprocessor

y

9 00 to 999 - Parallel printer port

y

1000 to 10 99 - Alternate printer adapter

y

1100 to 12 99 - Asynchronous communication device, adapter, or port

y

1300 to 13 99 - Game port


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y

1400 to 14 99 - Color/graphics printer

y

1500 to 15 99 - Synchronous communication device, adapter, or port

y

1700 to 17 99 - Hard drive and/or adapter

y

1800 to 18 99 - Expansion unit (XT)

y

2000 to 21 99 - Bisynchronous communication adapter

y

2400 to 25 99 - EGA system-board video (MCA)y

3000 to 31 99 - LAN adapter y

4800 to 4 999 - Internal modem

y

7000 to 70 99 - Phoenix BIOS chips

y

7300 to 73 99 - 3.5-inch disk drive

y

89 00 to 8 999 - MIDI adapter

y

11200 to 112 99 - SCSI adapter

y

21000 to 210 99 - SCSI fixed disk and controller

y

21500 to 215 99 - SCSI CD-ROM system

c) Install Operating System

y

Decide what you would like to do . Are you going to reinstall your operating syste m becauseof proble ms, upgrading your current version, or are you installing an operating syste m on anew co mputer? Make sure that you have the new operating syste m install progra m .Windows and MAC require that you purchase a CD or DVD Ro m( s). Ubuntu and other Linuxare free and can be installed fro m a flash drive too.

y

B ack up your data . If you are reinstalling your operating syste m , it is likely that you will needto wipe the disk. Back up your data before doing so, as everything on the disk will bedestroyed. If you are si mply upgrading, it is okay to skip this step, but it is advisable to saveat least the most i mportant files on your co mputer.

y

Completely wipe all information from the hard disc . This will insure that you do not carryproble ms over into the new install. For instructions on how to do this watch the video athttp ://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=OfICZMMr0JM

y

B oot up . Turn on your co mputer and quickly enter the boot m enu. The owner's manual foryour co m puter or motherboard should have instructions on how to do this. It will show onthe screen for a breif mom ent too. Select the drive that contains the setup disk (and be sureyou have inserted it). Save the setting and exit.

y

S tart the installation . It may take the install progra m a few m inutes to load, this is nor mal.Once it has loaded, follow the onscreen instructions. If you are installing a new operatingsyste m on a new co mputer or reinstalling due to a proble m , wipe the disk. Be sure you havesaved everything that you would like to save before starting this process.

y

S it back and relax . The installer may ask you for so me infor mation while it's installing, butfor the most part, just waiting is okay. Near the end of the installation, the installer will askyou for last- m inute infor mation, like your na me, the na me of the co mputer, sign in na me,password, ti me zone, etc. Do not be alar med by this, none of this infor mation can be used toidentify you, it's all for personal preference.

y

Enter the product ID . If you are installing a consu mer operating syste m like Windows, it willprobably require you to enter a product ID. Look at the back of the CD case for the productID. If you are installing Linux, this does not apply to you.


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y

R eboot . Once you reboot, the co mputer will finalize everything and log you in. At this point,you may need to install drivers. Insert any disks that ca me with your co mputer or it's partsthat are NOT an operating syste m , and allow the drivers to be installed (if necessary).

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A llow updates . This is especially i mportant in Windows. Allow the co mputer to seek updatesand install the m . Look for a "top 10 things to do" list for that operating syste m .

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Install antivirus software . If you are using Windows without antivirus software while on the

web, you are extre m ely vulnerable to all kinds of malicious progra ms. Before you doanything, even installing Firefox, install antivirus. If you don't have any, look for avast!Antivirus, it's free.

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U se it ! You're done, now what you do is totally up to you. Set a password, install progra ms,custo m ize, create user accounts, etc. If you have any files you backed up, you may restorethe m now. Or, just enjoy the clean slate and redo everything, whatever you like.

RESULT :

assemble a pc editerd

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