assessment of available mobile routers

8/8/2019 Assessment of Available Mobile Routers

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Agent Discovery:Home and foreign agents advertise their presence (on the attached links) in this phase bymulticasting or broadcasting messages. These messages are called agent advertisements and are basically ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) messages that convey mobile IP information.These advertisements also contain the care-of-address, the point of attachment on the foreign

network and as well as the registration lifetime allowed. Agent discovery occurs through periodicadvertisements by agents or probing by the mobile router. In periodic advertisements the mobilerouter knows that the agent is up as long as it hears the advertisements from the agent. When themobile router hears agent advertisements it keeps track of agents in an agent table. When theIRDP lifetime expires, the agent is removed from the table. In another case, instead of waitingfor the agent to send an advertisement, the mobile router can send an agent probe or solicitation.This forces any agents within the link to immediately send an agent advertisement.

The mobile router receives these advertisements on its interfaces that are configured for roaming

and determines whether it is connected to its home or foreign network. When the router hears anagent advertisement and detects that it has moved outside its home network, it begins theregistration process.

Registration: The mobile router is configured with its home address, the IP address(addresses) of it homeagents and the mobility security association of its home agent. Also there is a shared key between the mobile router and the home agent for authentication. This information is used by themobile router along with the information it learns from the foreign agent advertisements to forma registration requests. The mobile router prefers to register with a particular agent based on the

received interface. If more than one interface receives agent advertisements, the one with thehighest roaming priority value is preferred. In the case that multiple interfaces have the same priority, the highest bandwidth is preferred. If interfaces have the same bandwidth, the highestinterface IP address is preferred.

After determining this preferred path, the mobile router informs the home agent of its currentcare-of address by sending a registration request. Because the mobile router is attached to aforeign network, the registration request is sent first to the foreign agent. A successfulregistration sets up the routing mechanism for transporting packets to and from the mobilenetworks as the mobile router roams, which is the third phase of the process.

Routing:

By default, packets from devices on the mobile network arrive at the mobile router whichforwards them to the foreign agent which routes them normally.



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In this Routing phase, the packets arrive at the home agent. The home agent performs twoencapsulations and forwards the packet to the foreign host. The foreign host perform adecapsulation and forwards the packet to the mobile router which then performs another decapsulation. The mobile router then forwards the original packets to the devices connectedwithin the mobile networks. This process is also called tunneling. The opposite of this process is

also possible and is called reverse tunneling and in this process the mobile router tunnels packetsto the foreign and the home agent.

The mobile networks can be statically configured or dynamically registered on the home agent.As the mobile router moves from one foreign agent to another, the mobile router continuouslyreconfigures the default gateway definition to point to its new path. Although the mobile router can register through different foreign agents, the most recently contacted foreign agent providesthe active connection.

Some uses of Mobile Routers:

While on the road, the Mobile Router allows you to share a mobile internet connection with your group and you can always stay on top of e-mails, chat with family or read news. With theMobile Router, government employees or corporate users can create a wireless network and provide colleagues with remote access to their secure private networks. It is ideal for off-sitesituations, such as crime scenes, where sharing information is critical.Mobile Routers can also be installed on vehicles such as buses, trains, or even boats, in this way passengers can be allowed to check their e-mail or chat online while commuting. This waycompanies can easily increase the value of the services offered by enhancing the experience of the passengers. A fixed broadband Internet solution in homes and offices that do not have a cable

or DSL service available, but are within a compatible mobile wireless network can also beimplemented using a Mobile Router.

Mobile Routers will definitely come in handy when incorporating a search and rescue operation.You can quickly set up a wireless network and allow your team members to access e-mail, goonline, and share important files.

The Mobile Router creates a secure Wi-Fi network by supporting the latest wireless securityfeatures to prevent unauthorized access. Support for WEP, WPA, and WPA2 ensure that you will be able to secure your Wi-Fi network, regardless of your client devices. In addition, the 3GMobile Router utilizes dual active firewalls (SPI and NAT) to prevent potential attacks fromacross the Internet.

Figure 1 overleaf explains how a Mobile Router establishes a network.



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Figure 1: A Mobile Router setup

The cellular towers emits signals that themobile router catches. Since the mobilerouter is setup within the proximity of thecellular tower it is able to establish awireless connection. and through its devicessuch as notebooks, Wi-Fi phones, DesktopPC's etc are able to connect to the internet.

If you move the Mobile Router from onenetwork range to another i.e. to a place

where some other cellular tower is emittingsignals then the router will switchconnections between the towers only if thesignal strength of the other tower is



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IMPLEMENTATION OF MOBILE ROUTER S

In this section we will present the existing implementation of Mobile Routers. Their availability,

cost and specification will also be discussed.

1) DIR-450 3G Mobile Router for EV-DO Networks

Cost: $224.99

ADVANCED NETWORK SECURITY

The 3G Mobile Router creates a secure Wi-Fi network by supporting the latest wireless security

features to prevent unauthorized access. Support for WEP, WPA, and WPA2 ensure that you will be able to secure your Wi-Fi network, regardless of your client devices. In addition, the 3GMobile Router utilizes dual active firewalls (SPI and NAT) to prevent potential attacks fromacross the Internet.

FEATURES

y Plug in Your 1xEV-DO Internet PC Adapter to Share Online Accessy Works Virtually Anywhere 1xEV-DO Cellular Service is Availabley Create a Wireless Network - Check E-mail, Go Online, and Share Files

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Compatible Mobile Networks* 1xEV-DO

Compatible Service Providers in

USA*

Sprint

Verizon Wireless

Compatible 1xEV-DO Internet PC

Adapters*

Kyocera KPC 650 (Sprint & Verizon - Cardbus)

Kyocera KPC 680 (Verizon - ExpressCard) [requiresCardbus adapter]

Novatel V620 (Sprint & Verizon - Cardbus)

Novatel Merlin S720 (Sprint - Cardbus)

Novatel Ovation U720 (Sprint - USB)

Sprint PCS Connection Card PC-5740 (Sprint -



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Cardbus)

Sierra AC 580 (Sprint & Verizon - Cardbus)

Sierra AC 595 (Sprint - Cardbus)

Sierra AC 5220 (Sprint - Cardbus)

Verizon PC-5740 (Verizon - Cardbus)

Verizon PC-5750 (Verizon - Cardbus)

Pantech PX-500 (Sprint - Cardbus)

Standards

802.11g

802.11b

802.3

802.3u

Security 64/128-bit WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) WPA & WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access)

Advanced Firewall Features

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI)

VPN Pass-through

Media Access Control CSMA/CA with ACK

Device Management

Internet Explorer® v6 or Later; Mozilla® Firefox®

v1.5 or Later, or other Java-enabled Browsers

Leds

Power

Status

WAN (Mobile Internet Connection)

WLAN (Wireless Connection)

LAN (10/100)

Certifications FCC Class B

Power 12V, 2A

Operating Temperature 32°F to 131°F (0°C to 55°C)

Humidity 95% Maximum (Non-condensing)

Dimensions Item (WxDxH): 4.6´ x 7.6´ x 1.2´



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Packaging (WxDxH): 8.1´ x 10.9´ x 2.6´

Weight Item: 0.7 lbs

Packaging: 2.0 lbs

Warranty 1 Year**

Minimum System Requirements

Mobile Internet Access Subscription and Internet PCAdapter

Computer with:

Windows Vista***, Windows® XP SP2,Windows 2000 SP4, or Mac OS® X(v10.4/v10.3)****

Internet Explorer 6 or Mozilla Firefox

CD-ROM Drive Network Interface Card

Package Contents

3G Mobile Router (DIR-450)

CAT5 Ethernet Cable

Power Adapter

Mounting Kit and Vertical Stand

Quick Installation Guide

CD-ROM***** with Product Documentation



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2) DIR-451 3G Mobile Router for UMTS/HSDPA Networks

Cost: $224.99

ADVANCED NETWORK SECURITY same security options as the DIR-450

Features

y Plug in Your UMTS or HSDPA Internet PC Card to Share Online Accessy Works Virtually Anywhere UMTS/HSDPA Cellular Service is Availabley Create a Wireless Network - Check E-mail, Go Online, and Share Files

Technical Specifications

Compatible Mobile Networks* UMTS/HSDPA

Compatible Service Providers in

USA* Cingular

Compatible UMTS Internet PC

Cards*

Sierra Wireless AirCard 860 (Cingular - Cardbus)

Sierra Wireless AirCard 875 (Cingular - Cardbus)

Novatel Wireless Merlin U730 (Cingular - Cardbus)

Standards

802.11g

802.11b

802.3

802.3u

Security 64/128-bit WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)

WPA & WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access)

Advanced Firewall Features Network Address Translation (NAT) Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI)

VPN Pass-through

Media Access Control CSMA/CA with ACK

Device Management Internet Explorer® v6 or Later; Mozilla® Firefox®



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v1.5 or Later, or other Java-enabled Browsers

Leds

Power

Status

WAN (Mobile Internet Connection) WLAN (Wireless Connection)

LAN (10/100)

Certifications FCC Part 15b

Power 12V, 2A

Operating Temperature 32°F to 131°F (0°C to 55°C)

Humidity 95% Maximum (Non-condensing)

Dimensions Item (WxDxH): 4.6´ x 7.6´ x 1.2´

Packaging (WxDxH): 8.1´ x 10.9´ x 2.6´

Weight Item: 0.7 lbs

Packaging: 2.0 lbs

Warranty 1 Year**

Minimum System Requirements

Mobile Internet Access Subscription and Internet PC

Card Computer with:

Windows Vista***, Windows® XP SP2,Windows 2000 SP4, or Mac OS® X(v10.4/v10.3)****

Internet Explorer 6 or Mozilla Firefox

CD-ROM Drive

Network Interface Card

Package Contents

3G Mobile Router (DIR-451) CAT5 Ethernet Cable

Power Adapter

Mounting Kit and Vertical Stand

Quick Installation Guide

CD-ROM***** with Product Documentation



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3) Cisco 3200 Series Wireless & Mobile Router

The Cisco 3200 uses Mobile IP to deliver seamless connectivity across multiple wirelessnetworks.

Cost: $3650

Features:

y Flexible, high performance & rugged design for mobile & embedded applicationsy Integrated 802.11b/g, 4.9GHz, 5GHz, 3rd party Cellular y Secure, scalable, and managed data, voice and video communicationsy Seamless mobility across wireless networksy Advanced IP services and interoperability through Cisco IOS Softwarey Integrated 3rdParty Hardware & Software Options

Hardware Overview:

y Mobile Access Router Cards (MARC) ±3230 MARC: (1) 10/100 FE, 1 Console, Aux port ±3270 MARC: (2) 10/100 FE, 1 GE Copper, 1 GE or Fiber, 2 USB

y Mobile Interface Cards (MICs) ±Serial Mobile Interface Card (SMIC): 2 or 4 port sync/async serial ±Fast Ethernet Switch Mobile Interface Card (FESMIC): 2 or 4 port FE/E Switch Card ±Wireless Mobile Interface Cards (WMIC): 802.11b/g, 4.9, 5GHz

y

3rdparty Mobile Interface Cards ±Wireless Modems 1xRTT, EVDO, Edge ±Video Encoder Card±Linux Blade with Hard Disk Drive

Fig 2. Cisco 3200 series Mobile Router used in a vehicle



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Example : Full features for a 3230 mobile router:

Feature Benefits

Ruggedized Router in a Flexible and Compact Hardware Design

Single platform for multipleembedded hardware solutions

Offers hardware architecture capable of being embedded in different systemdesigns.

Allows for designs in unique environments for mobile or fixed outdoor

networks.

Industry-standard hardware design PC/104-Plus architecture allows for the use of off-the-shelf third-partycomponents for use with the Cisco 3230 Rugged ISR.

Industrial-grade components Extended temperature ranges of -40º to +85ºC (temperature ranges for

completed solutions are dependent on hardware configuration variables,

including enclosures and third-party components).

Meets MIL-STD-810F and SAE standards.

Lightweight, compact size with lowpower consumption

Provides flexibility to be deployed in many different environments wherespace, heat dissipation, and low power consumption are critical factors.

Configurable hardware design withstackable interface or componentcards

Design allows for added functions by stacking Cisco interface or third-party

component cards into a hardware configuration.

Third-party cards can give added use to provide various LAN or WAN

functions, including security, computing, global positioning system (GPS),

and cellular connectivity.

Multiple WAN and LAN Connections, Including Integrated 4.9 GHz and 802.11a/b/g

Multiple Fast Ethernet and serialinterfaces

Multiple LAN and WAN devices can be connected to standard 10/100

Ethernet or serial interfaces.

The FESMIC and SMIC provide additional ports as needed.

WAN links can use external devices such as cellular or satellite modems or

integrated 4.9-GHz and 802.11a/b/g bridges.

LAN devices can be PCs, video cameras, DVRs, chemical sensors, printers,

etc. or an integrated 4.9-GHz and 802.11a/b/g access point.

Integrated 4.9-GHz capabilities

4.9-GHz WMICs can be configured as a bridge for WAN connectivity or as

access points for wireless LAN connectivity.

Licensed technology eliminates interference from unauthorized sources.

High-power mask for all power output levels offers a high-fidelity signal that

reduces cross-channel interference.

Integrated 802.11a/b/g capabilities WMICs eliminate the need for external 802.11 LAN and WAN devices.



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WMICs can be configured as 802.11 bridges for WAN connectivity or as

access points for wireless LAN connectivity.

Interoperability and upgradability Connectivity and interoperability for a wide range of LAN and WAN wired

and wireless applications and network technologies.

Standards-based PC/104+ design facilitates adoption of 3rd partycomponents into solution

Upgradable to future wireless technologies for reduced cost of ownership.

Seamless Roaming Between Wireless Networks

Mobile IP features in Cisco IOSSoftware

Mobile IP offers seamless roaming for mobile networks, establishing a

transparent Internet connection regardless of location or movement.

Mission-critical applications stay connected even when roaming between

networks.

Assigned IP address to the home network is maintained in private or publicnetworks.

Mobile network features in Cisco IOSSoftware

Ability to allow an entire subnet or vehicle network to maintain connectivityto the home network while roaming.

Ability to use any type of wirelesstechnology

Allows users to use the best wireless technology or network available.

Advanced IP Services in Standards-Based Cisco IOS Software

Advanced security features Authorization and authentication determines who and what devices are

allowed to use the network.

Firewall protection provides perimeter security when using public networks.

3DES and AES encryption provides for highly secure VPNs when

transmitting and receiving data over public networks.

Intrusion detection monitors potential malicious activity within the network.

Layer 2 wireless LAN security authorizes who is allowed to gain access to

the 4.9-GHz and 802.11 wireless LAN.

Cisco Unified CallManager Express(CUCME) support

Supports up to 24 phones for remote IP telephony on vehicles or in outdoor

locations

Provides primary or back up telephony services for command and control

communications

QoS features Gives traffic precedence to delay-sensitive or prioritized applications.

Facilitates low-latency routing of delay-sensitive applications such as

streaming video.



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IP multicast Allows efficient broadcast of data or video for increased situationalawareness, multiuser communications, or surveillance applications.

Cisco IOS Software management Enables remote management and monitoring with Simple Network

Management Protocol (SNMP), Telnet, or HTTP, and enables local

management through console port.

Supports intuitive network management tools such as CiscoWorks for

Windows and HP OpenView.



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4) Netgear MBR624GU 3G Mobile Broadband Wireless Router

Cost: $129

A video link from YouTube explaining how to use the router:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYO7aWHFRPE&feature=related

Specifications:

VPN Support VPN Pass-through/Multi-sessions

Ports USB; ethernet

SupportedProtocols

802.11b/g

Security Features

WPA2-PSK, WPA-PSK, WEP, WPA-802.1x, WPA2-802.1x Setup (WPS) -

PIN & PBC, Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) VPN Pass-through/Multi-sessions PPTP/L2TP/IPSec

Warranty/Support One-year limited

Size 6.9 x 4.7 x 1.1 inches

Weight 11.2 ounces

REFERENCE: http://www.laptopmag.com/review/wifi/netgear-mbr624gu-3g-mobile-broadband-wireless-router.aspx?mode=specs

OVERVIEW:

This is a light, highly compact and an affordable router. It uses the outdated 802.11g and has alimited range but for the price it's worth it. The Netgear MBR624GU lets you share a 3Gconnection at a construction site, satellite office, special events, in a hotel room, or even in thecar (additional power adapter will be needed).

To start using the device, you just plug in a 3G USB card either directly into the MBR624GU or by using an included USB docking station. The router will support up to 64 userssimultaneously, but it recommends 20 to 25 users or less for optimum results.

Compared with the D-Link DIR-450 3G Mobile Routers, which requires configuring your EV-DO card with the device, the MBR624GU took just a few seconds to set up and start using. Itsupports most USB devices made by Novatel and Sierra Wireless, such as the Sprint U720 wetested, and models from AT&T and Verizon Wireless, such as the Compass 855. You can¶t use aPC Card or Express Card for 3G access, but that¶s not as big an issue, since USB modems are thehottest sellers.



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The MBR624GU is also designed to be eco-friendly: a convenient on/off switch lets you power down the device when it¶s not in use. Like most routers, this one includes four Ethernet ports.



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5) Kyocera KR2 Mobile Router

Cost: $249

Video Reference explaining the product:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SimeMqnGilA

Specifications:

VPN Support NAT with DHCP, PPTP VPN Pass-through, MAC Filtering, IP Filtering, Filter Scheduling, WEP Encryption (64- or 128-bit), WPA2 Personal (Pre-Shared KeyMode), WPA2 Enterprise

Ports 4 Ethernet; USB 2.0

SupportedProtocols

802.11b/g/n; 802.3u

SecurityFeatures

NAT with DHCP, PPTP VPN Pass-through, MAC Filtering, IP Filtering, Filter Scheduling, WEP Encryption (64- or 128-bit), WPA2 Personal (Pre-Shared KeyMode), WPA2 Enterprise

Size 8.5 x 5.3 x 1.3 inches

Weight 10.8 ounces

REFERENCE:

http://www.laptopmag.com/review/wifi/kyocera-kr2-mobile-router.aspx?mode=specs

Overview:

This EV-DO router adds support for 802.11n and for more types of connection cards and makessetting up a wireless network on the road fast and easy. Up to 32 users can share one router without having to pay extra for additional connection cards. This device is priced higher thanmost 802.11n routers, but it¶s a lot more versatile. Installation is easy and you can also configureWPA or WPA2 security encryption or enable security using Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) inWindows.



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6) Cisco MWR 1900 Mobile Wireless Edge Router

Features:

y Stackable, low-power, 1 RU high chassis with front-to-back airflowy Two integrated 10/100 Base-T LAN portsy Three integrated WAN Interface Card (WIC) slotsy One Network Module slotsupport for select Network Modules from the Cisco 3700

Series (future)y 0 to 50°C extended operating temperaturey +24/27V DC input voltage (universal 20-60V DC planned for 1Q CY03)y 100kpps MIPS RISC Route Processor y Cisco PXF processor for hardware-accelerated services such as cRTP/cUDP, PPPmux,

and Low Latency Queueing (LLQ)y 128MB SDRAMy T1/E1 Protection Switching between 1:1 redundant routers

7) Cisco MWR 1941-DC-A Mobile Wireless Edge Router

Key Features:

y Optimized RAN transport over IP²Aggregate and transparently transport mixed-generation (2G, 3G, 4G) digital voice and data calls over the existing RAN backhaulnetwork via IP. Optimize over the backhaul network to reduce the amount of backhaul bandwidth consumed by as much as 50 percent and often much more, thereby reducingexisting backhaul transmission costs and enabling more cost-efficient deployment of newRAN technologies. The backhaul network is typically the largest operational expense inthe mobile operator¶s network

y Alternative RAN backhaul²The IP-enabled RAN allows for a variety of backhaultransport media enabling higher-capacity and lower-cost alternative RAN transportnetworks, such as DSL, IEEE 802.16, and metro Ethernet. Higher-speed broadband backhaul such as DSL and metro Ethernet is ideally suited for transport of HSDPA datatraffic.

y Cell-site operations support networks²The IP-enabled RAN backhaul network enablessupport for IP-based telemetry devices and other ancillary equipment at the cell site for



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remote operations and network element management of the cell-site equipment. Thishelps to reduce costly truck rolls and improve operational efficiency.

y

Cell-site IP points of presence (POPs)²Using the IP-enabled RAN backhaul, theoperator can offer new revenue-generating IP services and applications at every cell site.

8) DuraMAR 3230 rugged mobile router family

Key Features:

y Decreased susceptibility to vibrationsy Rugged enough for use on military vehicles

y A near-cableless design that eliminated traditional wiring harnesses and therefore decreasedthe possible points of failure inherent with cables

y Efficient heat radiation systemy Designed to meet military environmental standards as well as Electromagnetic

Interference/Compatibility (EMI/EMC) conditions and the voltage surges and spikescommonly associated with harsh vehicle deployments.



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Specifications:

Ethernet Ports Total of 17 Ethernet Ports: 1x 10/100 Fast Ethernet WAN Router Port, IEEE 802.3 Compliant

3x 10/100 Fast Ethernet Switched LAN Ports, IEEE 802.3u Compliant 13x 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet Switched LAN Ports, IEEE 802.3abCompliant

Serial Ports Total of 3 Serial Ports: 2x Multi-Protocol Serial Ports (supporting RS-530/232/422/423/485/others, DTE and DCE Modes, Synchronous or Asynchronous Modes)

Best-In-Class Mobile

IP Routing Integrated Cisco Mobile Router w/ Robust IOS Software Security,Management, QoS, VLAN, & Routing Protocol Support, IPv6 & IPMobility

Designed for Military

Compliance Environmental: MIL-STD-810G Power: MIL-STD-704E, MIL-STD-1275B* EMC: MIL-STD-461E

Modular PC104+

Architecture Cisco 3230 Mobile Access Router Card, Fast Ethernet Switch MobileInterface Card, Serial Mobile Interface Card Parvus COM-1268 Gigabit Switch Card (x2)

Ports 17x Ethernet Ports (1x Routed, 16x Switched) 3x Serial Ports (2x Multi-Protocol Serial Ports, 1x ManagementConsole)

Rugged Chassis Corrosion-Resistant Aluminum-Alloy Chassis Wide Oper. Temp Range: -40° to +71°C High Shock/Vibe Tolerance for Tracked Vehicles Fully Immersible IP67/68 Enclosure Isolated MIL-704/1275* Power Supply MIL-C-38999 Sealed Connectors

Zeroization Data Zeorization Button to Erase Sensitive Information with Flip Guardagainst Accidental Activation

Applications Civil and Military In-Vehicle Networking Mobile-IP Communications-on-the-Move (COTM) Situational Awareness / Net-Centric Operations Layer 2/3 Switching and Routing to WAN/LAN



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1x RS-232 Management Console Port

Management Advanced Enterprise Cisco IOS Software with Command Line Interface(CLI) Configuration Management via Serial Console or Ethernet Port ThroughTerminal Emulation Application Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) v2, SNMPv3, Telnet,RADIUS, TACACS+, Cisco Service Assurance Agent, Syslog, ResponseTime Reporter, Network Time Protocol (NTP) Client, Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Client and Server, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) Client and Server, DHCP Relay, Hot Standby Router Protocol(HSRP)

General

Networking Auto-MDI/MDIX, Auto Negotiation and Correction Half Duplex and Full Duplex Operation

Routing and

Bridging

Static and Dynamic Routing Capabilities

IP Protocol Support for IPv4 and IPv6 addressing (per RFC 2460) ICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6) per IETF RFC4443 Connection of IPv6 islands over IPv4 per IETF RFC 4798 Transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernet per IETF 41/RFC 894 Virtual Local-Area Networks (VLAN) Layer 3 Routing Between SwitchVLANs IEEE 802.1d/w Bridging (Spanning Tree Protocol, Rapid Spanning TreeProtocol)

Routing

Protocols

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) v1, RIPv2; Open Shortest Path First

(OSPF); Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)-IP; CiscoDiscovery Protocol, Cisco Group Management Protocol (GMP); IPMulticast Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) v1, PIMv2; ProtocolIndependent Multicast -Sparse Mode (PIM-SM); Internet GroupManagement Protocol (IGMP) v1, IGMPv2; IP Policy Routing, IPMulticast Load Splitting; Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP), Frame Relay,X.25, XOT, High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Telnet, AsynchronousTunneling, Dial-On-Demand Routing (DDR), PPP Over Frame Relay

Mobility

Features Mobile IP, Mobile Networks in Cisco IOS Software, Cisco Mobile Networks Network Address Translation (NAT) Traversal over Mobile IP,Home Agent And Mobile Router Redundancy, Mobile Router PreferredInterfaces, Mobile Router Reverse Tunneling, Mobile Router AsymmetricLinks, Mobile Router Static and Dynamic Networks, Static Co-LocatedCare of Address, Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)Server And Mobile IP, MobileIP tunnel templates support for configurationof IP Multicast and IPsec on MobileIP tunnels, MobileIP foreign agentlocal routing optimization



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Security Route and Router Authentication, Password Authentication Protocol(PAP), Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), MicrosoftCHAP (MS-CHAP) Local Password, IP Basic and Extended Access Lists,and Time-Based Access Control Lists Stateful Inspection Firewall, Firewall Intrusion Detection System

Port-To-Application Mapping Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) IP Security (IPSec) Easy VPN Version 4.1 for client and server Tunnel Endpoint Discovery Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol Client and Server Version 1.5 Fast Switching, Cisco Express Forwarding, Process Switching, STACCompression, Routing Table Protocol (RTP) Header Compression

- Cisco 3200 is Compliant with Common Criteria Evaluation andValidation Scheme (CCEVS) EAL 3 (see http://www.niap-ccevs.org/cc-scheme/st/vid6013

QoS Generic Traffic Shaping, Class-Based Ethernet Matching and MobileAccess Routing (802.1p Class of Service), Committed Access Rate, Flow-Based Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED), Low-Latency Queuing,Priority Queuing, Weighted Fair Queuing, Link Fragmentation andInterleaving (LFI), Dial Backup, Dialer Profiles, Dialer Idle Timeout, Dialon Demand Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing, Traffic Policing ResourceReservation Protocol (RSVP) 802.1Q Virtual Local-Area Network (VLAN) Trunking and Encapsulationsupport

Physical Dimensions: Approx 6.0" x 6.2" x 10" (153mm x 165 mm x 254 mm) L xW x H Weight: <16lbs. (7.26kg) Installation: Flange Mounting Bracket Cooling: Passive Conductive. No Moving Parts Connectors: MIL-DTL-38999, Water Ingress Protected Black Anodize Finish per MIL-A-8625, Type II, Class 2 Installation: Conduction Cooled, Flange Baseplate Mount

Power 24/28DC Voltage Input Range: 9-36VDC Galvanic Isolation: 1500 V Power Consumption: <75W max @ 18VDC

Designed to Comply with MIL-STD-704E and MIL-STD-1275D SteadyState Voltage, Ripple, Surges, and Spikes with Exceptions (*Limited toAccepting Only Fault Free Condition Surge)

Environmental Designed to Meet MIL-STD-810G: Operating Temp: Estimated at -40ºC to +71ºC (-40ºF to +160ºF) Ambient



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with Partial Load (Note: Feasibility of full bandwidth on all ports currentlyvalidated to +52C; Final operating temperature range will be determinedafter final design revisions and MIL-810 qualification testing is completed)

Non-Operating Temp: -40ºC to +85ºC (-40ºF to +185ºF) Immersion: 1 Meter, 30 Minutes Humidity: up to 95%, RH, Non-Condensing

Salt Fog: 48 hours

Operating Shock: 20g, 11ms, 18 Sawtooth Pulses Crash Safety Shock: 40g, 11ms, 18 Sawtooth Pluses Random Vibration: Sawtooth Pulses per Method 514.5, Procedure I

EMI/EMC Designed to Meet MIL-STD-461E: Conducted Susceptibility, CS101, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 KHz, Curve2 (28V and below)

Radiated Emissions, RE102, Electric Field, 10 KHz to 18 GHz, FigureRE102-3 for fixed Wing External Radiated Susceptibility, RS103, Electric Field, 2MHz to 18 GHz, AircraftExternal, 200 Volts per Meter

Warranty 90-Day Warranty (Extended Service Contracts Available)



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9) Huawei D100 3G Mobile Router

Cost : $140

Key features

y Compatible with HUAWEI USB Stick/Modemy Support the high-speed gatewayy Support Multi-usersy Support Wi-Fi speed rate up to 54Mbpsy Support RJ45:one LAN porty Compatible with HUAWEI USB Stick Modem Support the high-speed gateway Support

Multi-users Support Wi-Fi speed rate up to 54Mbps Support RJ45 one LAN port ...

Specifications:

Network and ConnectionWLAN: IEEE 802.11b/gUMTS Signal IndicationDC connector and external DC power supplyChipsetBCM5354Connector for external USB deviceUp to 32 users connected through WiFi

Size

Dimensions: 110 x 90 x 27 mmWeight: 200g

10) NetBox Wireless Router

NetBox Wireless Routers connect devices, plants and networks using wireless networks.All NetBox Wireless Routers can be attached to GSM networks, NB1310 and NB2500 alsosupport UMTS based services such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). NB2500 featuresoptional WLAN and GPS and EN50155 Certification.

All NetBox Wireless Routers run the highly configurable NetBox Software(NBSW). Configurations include:y Mobile Router y Switchy GPS Server y Least Cost Router (Atomatic selection of fastest WAN link with lowest operational cost out of

2G, 3G, WLAN, Ethernet)



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y WLAN Access Pointy WLAN Clienty VPN Clienty VPN Server y Network Bridgey

Data Logger (NB2500)y Digital Input/Output Module (NB2210)See the following comparison chart and follow the link to the model that suits best for your application.

NetBox Comparison Chart

Feature NB1310 NB2210 NB2500

Mobile GSM / UMTS GSM / UMTS GSM OptionSIM card slots 1 1 2WLAN 802.11 a/b/g Option - OptionEthernet ports 1 1 4Serial ports - 1 1Integrated GPS receiver Option - OptionDigital Inputs / Outputs - 2/2 -Extended TemperatureRange

- - ¥

Railway

The EN50155 certified NB2500R NetBox Wireless Router with RJ45 or M12 Ethernetconnectors is the preferred communication module for railway and public transportationapplications.

Earlier Models

The earlier models NB2240, NB2241, NB2340, NB2341, NB2541 are phasing out and aresucceeded by the customizable NB2500.



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11) CTR350 MOBILE BROADBAND TRAVEL ROUTER

EASY TO USE

The CTR350 Mobile Broadband Travel Router is a full-featured wireless 802.11b/g router

developed to be a plug µn¶ play solution. Simply connect an activated USB modem, plug in theCTR350 and turn the unit on. Within seconds you will have a secure WiFi network for up to 16WiFi enabled devices. 3G ONLY.

PORTABLE AND POWERFULAbout the size of a deck of cards (the smallest router in its class), the CTR350 can go with youanywhere. Enjoy the convenience of taking WiFi with you - never search for a hotspot, pay highdaily access fees, or risk a non-secure connection again.

SECURE AND RELIABLE

This high-performance router platform, powered by WiPipe technology, supports multiple and

concurrent VPN pass-through sessions, plus encryption modes including 64/128-bit WEP, WPAand WPA2. Additionally, built-in auto-failover keeps everyone online switching from wired towireless broadband access in the event of a wired ISP failure.

Features :

y Up to 200 Feet of WiFi Range

y Connect Up To 16 Devices

y Use with a 3G USB Mobile Broadband Modem

y Can also be Tethered to Select Mobile Broadband Phones With Data Tethering Feature

y One Ethernet Port To Directly Connect Desktops or Laptops without WiFi Access

y Compatible with 100+ 3G HSPA and EVDO Mobile Broadband Devices

y

"Out-Of-The-Box" Access Control to Prevent Unauthorized Usagey Provides additional security of Enable/Disable Network Name (SSID) and Internet Access

Control (Services, URL and MAC Filtering)

y Features 64/128-bit WEP, WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Encryption Protocols



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y Firewall features Network Address Translation (NAT), and Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI)which protects against DoS Attacks

y Supports Multiple and Concurrent IPSec, L2TP and PPTP VPN Pass-Through Sessions

y

Compliant with Windows 98SE/NT/2000/XP/Vista/2003 Server, Linux and Mac OSy Universal Plug & Play {UPnP) and ALGs support for Internet applications such as Email, FTP,

Gaming, Remote Desktop, Net Meeting, Telnet, SSH and SCP

y Flash Memory for Firmware Upgrades, Save/Restore Settings

y Easy Management via HTTP and Remote Management

y Networking compliance with IEEE 802.11 b/g standards

12) Proxicast¶s LAN-Cell 2 Mobile 3G Cellular Router

It offers fast, reliable, secure and cost-effective remote wireless Internet access on any CDMA or GSM wireless data network worldwide.

The LAN-Cell is a commercial-grade mobile 3G cellular router with enterprise-class routingand security features that allows multiple PC's, laptops, webcams, controllers, PLCs, and other Ethernet-based devices to simultaneously share a single cellular data account for primary or backup connectivity.

Key Features of the LAN-Cell 2 Mobile 3G Router

Uses standard 3G PC-Card modems (PCMCIA) from popular manufacturers and cellular carriers

Supports EV-DO RevA, EV-DO Rev0, 1xRTT, HSUPA, HSDPA, UMTS, EDGE & GPRScards

User accessible PC-Card slot - easily upgrade PC-Card modems or change carriers

Compact rugged modular metal chassis with Card-GuardTM PC-Card cover and Card-Lock TM

port 10/100 Ethernet LAN switch with LAN / DMZ / WLAN configurable zones

Built-in WiFi 802.11 a/b/g wireless access point with 64/152 bit WEP encryption

10/100 Ethernet WAN interface supports wired DSL, cable or Ethernet for primary or backup RS232 port for serial modem backup - supports any type of modem up to 230Kbps

Auto fail-over between Cellular, WAN & Dial-Up ports - user selectable primary and fail-over ports

IPSec-based VPN client (DES, 3DES, AES encryption - supports up to 5 tunnels)

Stateful Packet Inspection Firewall & DoS Protection



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Cell-SentryTM cellular data budgeting system - helps manage cellular plan caps and overages

Supports dynamic or static IP addresses assigned by cellular carriers

13) WIMO CMIPR

WIMO-CMIPR, is a smart device which allows the delivery of Mobile-IP services by means of integration of existing wired and wireless networks into the IP world. Furthermore its routingcapability makes the handover between different networks completely seamless.

The Adalia WIMO CMIPR Rugged Router is a high-performance rugged processor carddesigned to support multiple applications running concurrently over wired or wireless networks.With onboard hardware encryption, the WIMO CMIPR offloads encryption processing from therouter CPU to provide secure, yet scalable video, voice, and data services for outdoor and mobilenetworks.

Key Features:

- 802.11a/b/g interfaces for connection to Public WLAN and Hot Spot creation- HSDPA/UMTS/E-GPRS interfaces with external antenna for enhanced connectivity- Ethernet 10/100 interfaces- USB 2.0 interfaces

For use in public safety, public transport, logistics and private transport.



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Conclusion:

A few of the major mobile routers available to consumers have been highlighted in thisdocument. As one can see that although the underline functionality is the same the routers provide various other features that distinguish them from others.

Take for example the DuraMAR 3230 rugged mobile router family. Although it is a mobilerouter just like the others, it is exclusively designed to meet military specifications. It has arugged design not found in lets say the Cisco routers.

Also, amongst the various categories of mobile routers, there are those that are open source whileothers are closed source. Although many open source routers are available, the availability of open source mobile routers is scarce. Open source routers are better in the sense that their codecan be modified to suit specific need of users. The Netgear MBR624GU 3G Mobile BroadbandWireless Router is one the open source routers available in the market and one that has beendiscussed in this report.

IP MOBILITY???

Another major development taking place these days is the use of mobile phones as mobilerouters. The Google¶s Nexus One and the Apples iphone provide such capability. Although these phones are not dedicated mobile routers, they still have the minimum required features to enablethem to work as mobile routers.

Although the concept of mobile routers is relatively new, it is fast catching pace. More and morecompanies are now beginning to develop routers that enable an interruption free network servicethereby achieving what is now called an ³intelligent transport system´. Whether you are in a

train or a bus, mobile routers have given you the freedom to move and take your internet alongwith you.



References

http://www.cradlepoint.com/

http://www.cradlepoint.com/products/ctr350-mobile-broadband-travel-router#

http://www.evdoinfo.com/content/view/2124/63/

http://www.proxicast.com/index.htm

http://www.adalia.ee/products_wimo.html

http://www.alibaba.com/product-free/11805047/Rugged_Mobile_IP_Router.html

http://www.netmodule.com/en/products/nb/?gclid=COXyyP_bkKICFVWY2AodKV_Qaw

http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac123/ac147/archived_issues/ipj_10-2/102_ipv6.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiFi

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps272/product_data_sheet0900aecd800fe973.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps4062/ps4059/index.html

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6340/index.html

http://www.smallformfactors.com/articles/id/?4082

http://www.parvus.com/product/overview.aspx?prod=DuraMAR3230

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1557927&userType=inst

assessment of available mobile routers

Documents