4P42 Section:

Reference:

Title:

10.5

Assessment Of Fugitive Particulate Emission Factors For Industrial Processes,

Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, September 1978.

EPA-450/3-78-107, U. S.

2002 supplement

SiP 4 ' F ' Q 2 13: I I MIDWEST RESEARCH # C P. 2/16 4

EPA-460/3-78-107

Emission -Factors

bv

Jotin Zoller, Thomas Be*, end Thome Janswn

#Db Envhmmsmal 11409 Chmtor Roed

Ciminnatl, Ohio 45246

Contram No. 88-02-2186

€PA Project Officer: Charla C. Masser

Rapred for

U.S. ENVlRONMEMAL PROTECTION AGENCY O n i of Air. Noise, end Radiation

office d Air Quality Planning and Smndards Research Trhngle Park. N m h Carolina 2771 1

September 1978

F. 3/16

TABLE O F CONTENTS

1.0 SUMmRY

1.1 In t roduc t ion

1 . 2 P r i o r i t y L i s t i n g

1 . 3

1 . 4 Ongoing f u g i t i v e Emission Projects

F u g i t i v e P a r t i c u l a t e missions by Process Type

2 . 0 SUPPORTING ANALYSIS FOR THE PRIORITY LISTING

2 . 1 I ron and S t e e l Production

2 . 1 . 1 Coke Manufacturing 2.1.2 Iron Production 2.1.3 S t e e l Production

2 . 2 Primary Nonferrous Smelting Indus t ry

2 . 2 . 1 Primary Aluminum Production 2 . 2 . 2 Primary Copper Smelters 2 . 2 . 3 Primary Lead Smelters 2 . 2 . 4 Primary Zinc Production

2 . 3 Secondary Nonferrous Indus t r ies

2 . 3 . 1 Secondary Aluminum Smelters 2 .3 .2 Secondary Lead Smelting 2 . 3 . 3 Secondary Z i n c Production 2.3 .4 Secondary Brass/BronPe (Copper Alloy)

Production

2.4 Foundries

2 . 4 . 1 Emissions 2 . 4 . 2 Adequacy of Emission Factor Data

1-1

1-1

1-1

1-4

1-9

2-1

2-1

2-1

2-16

2-24

2-24 2-31 2-38 2-45

2-52

2-52 2-58 2-64

2-71

2-77

2-71 2-77

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont inued)

2 . 5 Minerals Ext rac t ion and Bene f i c i a t ion

2.5.1 Emissions 2.5.2 Adequacy of Emission Fac tor Data

2.6 Grain Eleva tors

2.6.1 m i s s i o n s 2.6.2 Adequacy of Emission Factor Data

2.7 Port land Cement Manufacturing

2.7.1 Emissions 2.7.2 Adequacy o f mission Factor Data

2.8 Lime Manufacturing

2.8.1 Emissions 2.8.2 Adequacy of Emission Factor Data

2.9 Concrete Batching

2.9.1 Emissions 2.9.2 Adequacy of Emission Factor Data

2.10 A s p h a l t i c Concrete Production

2.10.1 Emissions 2.10.2 Adequacy of m i s s i o n Factor Data

2.11 Lumber and Furn i tu re Indus t ry

2.11.1 m i s s i o n s 2.12.2 Adequacy of mission Factor Data

APPENDIX A

a 2-86

2-86 2-86

2-95

2 -95 2-95

2-107

2-102 2-102

2-110

2-110 2-110

2-116

2-116 2-116

2-120

2-120 2-120

2-125

2-125 2-125

A-1

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7

d . . C i s

b C Y . a 3 0

a

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2

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2 . 1 1 LUMBER AND FURNITURE INDUSTRY

2 . 1 1 . 1 €missions

S p e c i f i c f u g i t i v e p a r t i c u l a t e emission sources a t t h e saw- mill a r e debarking. sawing, and sawdus t handling opera t ions . Log handling and bucking ( log length 6hor ten ing) a r e normally n e g l i - g i b l e s o ~ r c e s of f u g i t i v e emissions. manufacturing occur p r i n c i p a l l y from wood waste handling and s torage. lumber and f u r n i t u r e indus t ry , an8 Table 2-46 list6 t h e emission sources noted i n t h e process flow d i a g r m . Table 2-47 i n d i c a t e s t h a t p o t e n t i a l uncontrol led emissions from these souices a r e 8 , 6 6 5 Mg (9,549 t o n s ) . T h i s table a l s o p re sen t s process source f u g i t i v e emission factors , 1976 domestic consumption o f logs f o r lumber and lumber f o r f u r n i t u r e , and est imated t o t a l uncont ro l led f u g i t i v e p a r t i c u l a t e emissions. The l a r g e s t s i n g l e source appears t o be t h e sawing of logs for lumber, which accounts f o r nearly 8 0 percent o f t h e t o t a l .

2.11.2 Adequacy of Emission Fac tor Data

m i s s i o n s from f u r n i t u r e

Figure 2-19 d e p i c t s t h e general process flow f o r t h e

Process ing of logs for lumber and subsequent f u r t h e r proc- ess ing fo r f u r n i t u r e manufacture begins a t t h e a a w i l l . P r i n c i - pa l o p e r a t i o n s t o be considered as Bources of f u g i t i v e emissions are log debarking; eawing; and sawdust p i l e loading, unloading, and s t o r a g e . The r e spec t ive emission f a c t o r s a r e es t imated t o be 0 . 0 1 2 kg/Hg (0 .024 lb / ton) of l o g s debarked, 0.175 kg/Mg (0 .35 lb / ton) of logs sawed, and 0.5 kg/Mg (1.0 lb / ton) of sawdust handled. a as emanating p r i n c i p a l l y from t h e wood waste s torage b in v i a venting and loadout . been e s t ima ted a t 0.5 kg/Mg (1.0 l b / ton ) of wood waste s to red and 1 . 0 kg/Mg ( 2 . 0 l b / ton ) o€ wood waste loaded out. a noted a r e based either on m a t e r i a l balance of wafite produced

Furn i tu re manufacture f u g i t i v e emissions a r e a s ses sed

Fugi t ive p a r t i c u l a t e emission f a c t o r s have

All values

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Table 2-46. IDENTIFICATION OF EMISSION SOURCES SHOWN ON THE

LUMBER AND FURNITURE PRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW D I A G W ~

Fugit ive emission sources L__

1. Debarking 2 . Sawing

3 . Sawdust p i l e I 4 . Wood waste storage bin vent

5 . Wood waste storage bin loadout

~ ~~

P o i n t sources

A. Sawing (cyclone exhaust) 8 . Planing and trimming

C. Sander (cyclone exhaust)

(cyclone exhaufit)

a . Numeral and letter denotations r e f e r to uniesion fiources on the previous f igure .

2-127

I u;:l , , ( ..

2-128

11 MIDWEST kESE4RCH lit

followed by judgment as to the eirborne particulates or on obear- vstions made of specific plant operations during industry v i s i t s . None are based on actual test information and therefore do not qualify as having sufficient support for incorporation into AP-42

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REFERENCES FOR SECTION 2 . 1 1

1. Personal communication made between Dr. Muench, National Forest Products Association and J. Thomas Bertke, PEDCO Environmental, InC. October 1977.

2. Technical Guidance for Control Of Xndustrial Process Fugi- tive Particulate Emissions. PEDCo Environmental, Inc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contract N o . 68-02-1375 Task No 33. March 3977.

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MPENDIX A

SUMMARY OF FUGITIVE PARTICULATE EMISSION FACTORS

FOR POSSIBLE INCLUSION INTO AP-42

10.4 WOODWOR#IN6 OPEUTIONS

Since most woodworking operations control emissions out

of neceesity, fugitive emirsions &re eeldom a problem.

Hovever, the wood waste rtorage bine art a common source of

f u g i t i v e emissionn.

sources and their corresponding eminsion factors.

Table 10.4-2 8hows Mesa mission

Information concerning o i e e characteristics is very

limitad. Data collected in a western red cedar furniture

factory equipped with exhaust ventilation on most wood

working equipment ohowed most suspended particulates in the 7 working environment to be leas than 2 IJm in diameter.

Table 10.4-2. POTENTIAL UNCONTROLLED PUGITIVE PARTICULATE

mxssxoN FACTOR FROM WOOBWORICING OPERATIONS

EMISSION FACTOR RATING: E

Particulates Type of operation

0.5 1.0

wood m e t e storage bin vent Wood waste storage bin loadout

a Factors expressad as units per unit might o f vood waste handled. Engineering judgement based on observations on plant visits.

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' ADDITIONAL REFERENCES FOR SECTION 10.4

7. Industrial Environmental Health, The Worker and the Community. Academic Press. New York and London. 1972.

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