Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Astronomy (SOFIA) Astronomy (SOFIA) Astronomy (SOFIA)

Helen J. HallHelen J. HallHelen J. HallHelen J. Hall

November 2, 2010 November 2, 2010 November 2, 2010 November 2, 2010

IEEE Photonics Society IEEE Photonics Society IEEE Photonics Society IEEE Photonics Society –––– Santa Clara Chapter Santa Clara Chapter Santa Clara Chapter Santa Clara Chapter

WHY Infra-Red?WHY Infra-Red?WHY Infra-Red?WHY Infra-Red?

view view view view at visual at visual at visual at visual wavelengthswavelengthswavelengthswavelengths

An object can appear radically different depending on the type of light collected from it:

Constellation Constellation Constellation Constellation OrionOrionOrionOrionfar-infrared far-infrared far-infrared far-infrared viewviewviewview

A 2.5 m telescope in a modified B747SP aircraft- Optical-mm performance- The obscured Infrared (IR) (30-300 um) is most important

Joint Program between the US (NASA - 80%) and Germany ( DLR- 20%) - USRA and the Deutsches SOFIA Institute (DSI, University of Stuttgart) are the science mission contractors

Built for 20 year lifetime - Operates at 39,000 to 45,000 feet. - Above > 99% of obscuring water vapor . - Wide instrument range. Future Instrumentalists.

World Wide Deployments, will ramp up to ~1000 science hours per year - Science flights to originate from NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC). - Science Center is located at NASA Ames Research Center.

What is SOFIA?What is SOFIA?What is SOFIA?What is SOFIA?

SOFIA SOFIA SOFIA SOFIA ———— The Observatory The Observatory The Observatory The Observatory

open cavity open cavity open cavity open cavity (door not shown)(door not shown)(door not shown)(door not shown)

TELESCOPETELESCOPETELESCOPETELESCOPE

pressure bulkheadpressure bulkheadpressure bulkheadpressure bulkhead

scientific instrument (1 of scientific instrument (1 of scientific instrument (1 of scientific instrument (1 of 7777))))

scientist stations, telescope and scientist stations, telescope and scientist stations, telescope and scientist stations, telescope and instrument control, etc.instrument control, etc.instrument control, etc.instrument control, etc.

Educators work stationEducators work stationEducators work stationEducators work station

Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC)- Overall Program Management (may be transferred to Ames at full operations).- Aircraft development, testing, operations and maintenance.- Palmdale Regional Airport Operating Location

Ames Research Center (ARC)- “Science Project” management

USRA and DSI

- Science Mission Contractors – Instruments, Observing Time, etc.

- Together form a roughly 76 person Science Center at Full Operational Capability- 32 Personnel at Palmdale- 44 Personnel at ARC

- DSI is an associate contractor to USRA- USRA relations with DSI are very strong.

Basic Roles & ResponsibilitiesBasic Roles & ResponsibilitiesBasic Roles & ResponsibilitiesBasic Roles & Responsibilities

The Science Mission Operations has Split Geographic Locations:

SOFIA Science Center at NASASOFIA Science Center at NASASOFIA Science Center at NASASOFIA Science Center at NASAAmes Research CenterAmes Research CenterAmes Research CenterAmes Research Center•SSSScience Mission Operations Director cience Mission Operations Director cience Mission Operations Director cience Mission Operations Director & Deputy in place& Deputy in place& Deputy in place& Deputy in place•Science StaffScience StaffScience StaffScience Staff********•Science Data Network (SOFIA Science Data Network (SOFIA Science Data Network (SOFIA Science Data Network (SOFIA Data Cycle System & Archive)Data Cycle System & Archive)Data Cycle System & Archive)Data Cycle System & Archive)•Mirror Coating FacilityMirror Coating FacilityMirror Coating FacilityMirror Coating Facility•Mission PlanningMission PlanningMission PlanningMission Planning•Systems Integration LaboratorySystems Integration LaboratorySystems Integration LaboratorySystems Integration Laboratory•Science InstrumentScience InstrumentScience InstrumentScience InstrumentLaboratoriesLaboratoriesLaboratoriesLaboratories•Education & Public Outreach Education & Public Outreach Education & Public Outreach Education & Public Outreach

SOFIA Operations Center at NASA DrydenSOFIA Operations Center at NASA DrydenSOFIA Operations Center at NASA DrydenSOFIA Operations Center at NASA DrydenAircraft Operations Facility in PalmdaleAircraft Operations Facility in PalmdaleAircraft Operations Facility in PalmdaleAircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale•TTTTelescope Assembly & Science Instrument elescope Assembly & Science Instrument elescope Assembly & Science Instrument elescope Assembly & Science Instrument Integration TeamIntegration TeamIntegration TeamIntegration Team•Operations StaffOperations StaffOperations StaffOperations Staff•Early Science Instrument LaboratoriesEarly Science Instrument LaboratoriesEarly Science Instrument LaboratoriesEarly Science Instrument Laboratories•Systems Integration LaboratorySystems Integration LaboratorySystems Integration LaboratorySystems Integration Laboratory•Mission Systems DevelopmentMission Systems DevelopmentMission Systems DevelopmentMission Systems Development(Flight Data & Observatory Data(Flight Data & Observatory Data(Flight Data & Observatory Data(Flight Data & Observatory DataCache)Cache)Cache)Cache)

********PhD Internships being sponsored between University of Stuttgart PhD Internships being sponsored between University of Stuttgart PhD Internships being sponsored between University of Stuttgart PhD Internships being sponsored between University of Stuttgart and USRA.and USRA.and USRA.and USRA.

SOFIA in the Palmdale HangerSOFIA in the Palmdale HangerSOFIA in the Palmdale HangerSOFIA in the Palmdale Hanger

InvestigatoInvestigatoInvestigatoInvestigatorrrr

Raw Data, House Keeping DataRaw Data, House Keeping DataRaw Data, House Keeping DataRaw Data, House Keeping DataData ManifestsData ManifestsData ManifestsData Manifests

ArchiveArchiveArchiveArchive

Observing PlansObserving PlansObserving PlansObserving PlansPlanningPlanningPlanningPlanningDatabaseDatabaseDatabaseDatabase

Query &Query &Query &Query &Retrieve DataRetrieve DataRetrieve DataRetrieve Data

Archive &Archive &Archive &Archive &Reduce DataReduce DataReduce DataReduce Data

ExecuteExecuteExecuteExecuteObservationsObservationsObservationsObservations

ScienceScienceScienceScienceData ProductsData ProductsData ProductsData Products

Raw Data, House Keeping DataRaw Data, House Keeping DataRaw Data, House Keeping DataRaw Data, House Keeping DataScience Instrument Reduced DataScience Instrument Reduced DataScience Instrument Reduced DataScience Instrument Reduced Data

DevelopDevelopDevelopDevelopFlight PlanFlight PlanFlight PlanFlight Plan

Mission PlansMission PlansMission PlansMission Plans

Annual Operating Annual Operating Annual Operating Annual Operating PlanPlanPlanPlan

DetailDetailDetailDetailObservingObservingObservingObserving

PlanPlanPlanPlan

InvestigatorInvestigatorInvestigatorInvestigator

SOFIA Science SOFIA Science SOFIA Science SOFIA Science Center StaffCenter StaffCenter StaffCenter Staff

Airborne Airborne Airborne Airborne SystemSystemSystemSystem

MissionMissionMissionMissionDatasetsDatasetsDatasetsDatasets

ObservatoryObservatoryObservatoryObservatory

Science Instrument Science Instrument Science Instrument Science Instrument IntegrationIntegrationIntegrationIntegration

Science Integration Science Integration Science Integration Science Integration LabLabLabLab

Joint Joint Joint Joint ObservatoryObservatoryObservatoryObservatoryOperationsOperationsOperationsOperations

ObservatoryObservatoryObservatoryObservatoryMaintenanceMaintenanceMaintenanceMaintenance& Operations& Operations& Operations& Operations

ProposalProposalProposalProposalProcessProcessProcessProcess

Analysis & Analysis & Analysis & Analysis & Prop SupportProp SupportProp SupportProp Support

Data Cycle System Tools for Annual Lifecycle

New ScienceNew ScienceNew ScienceNew ScienceInstrumentsInstrumentsInstrumentsInstruments

Primary MirrorPrimary MirrorPrimary MirrorPrimary MirrorVisible Light CameraVisible Light CameraVisible Light CameraVisible Light Camera

Light TubeLight TubeLight TubeLight Tube

Spherical Hydraulic BearingSpherical Hydraulic BearingSpherical Hydraulic BearingSpherical Hydraulic Bearing

Secondary MirrorSecondary MirrorSecondary MirrorSecondary Mirror

Infrared Light MirrorInfrared Light MirrorInfrared Light MirrorInfrared Light Mirror

Visible Light MirrorVisible Light MirrorVisible Light MirrorVisible Light Mirror

Infrared Infrared Infrared Infrared InstrumentInstrumentInstrumentInstrument

SOFIA Light PathSOFIA Light PathSOFIA Light PathSOFIA Light PathIncoming Infrared Light Incoming Infrared Light Incoming Infrared Light Incoming Infrared Light

Pressure bulkheadPressure bulkheadPressure bulkheadPressure bulkhead

Observers in pressurized Observers in pressurized Observers in pressurized Observers in pressurized cabin have ready access cabin have ready access cabin have ready access cabin have ready access

to the focal planeto the focal planeto the focal planeto the focal plane

Page Page Page Page 10101010

FORCAST Team on SOFIA MAY 2010 FORCAST Team on SOFIA MAY 2010 FORCAST Team on SOFIA MAY 2010 FORCAST Team on SOFIA MAY 2010

Page Page Page Page 11111111

Coated Mirror on SOFIACoated Mirror on SOFIACoated Mirror on SOFIACoated Mirror on SOFIA

Schedule OverviewSchedule OverviewSchedule OverviewSchedule Overview(Tracking Schedule)(Tracking Schedule)(Tracking Schedule)(Tracking Schedule)

ISFISFISFISF

0000

Science Flight activityScience Flight activityScience Flight activityScience Flight activity

SSSSSSSS

A/C Testing/Work A/C Testing/Work A/C Testing/Work A/C Testing/Work Engineering flightsEngineering flightsEngineering flightsEngineering flights

ISF = Initiation of Science FlightsISF = Initiation of Science FlightsISF = Initiation of Science FlightsISF = Initiation of Science FlightsFFFFOC OC OC OC = Full Operational Capability= Full Operational Capability= Full Operational Capability= Full Operational CapabilitySS = Short ScienceSS = Short ScienceSS = Short ScienceSS = Short Science

FIFI-LSFIFI-LSFIFI-LSFIFI-LS

Basic Basic Basic Basic ScienceScienceScienceScience

Inst 4Inst 4Inst 4Inst 4

Inst 6Inst 6Inst 6Inst 6

Inst 3Inst 3Inst 3Inst 3

Inst 5Inst 5Inst 5Inst 5

CECSCECSCECSCECS

MCCSMCCSMCCSMCCS

Avionics UpgradeAvionics UpgradeAvionics UpgradeAvionics Upgrade(Part 2)(Part 2)(Part 2)(Part 2)

Cavity InsulationCavity InsulationCavity InsulationCavity Insulation

TA TA TA TA V&V&V&V&VVVV Backup & Heavy Backup & Heavy Backup & Heavy Backup & Heavy MaintMaintMaintMaint....

Instrument Commissioning Instrument Commissioning Instrument Commissioning Instrument Commissioning

CY13CY13CY13CY13CY12CY12CY12CY12CY11CY11CY11CY11CY10CY10CY10CY10CY09CY09CY09CY09CY08CY08CY08CY08CY07CY07CY07CY07

Arrival at Arrival at Arrival at Arrival at DrydenDrydenDrydenDryden

First DoorFirst DoorFirst DoorFirst DoorClosed FlightClosed FlightClosed FlightClosed Flight HIPO Line OpsHIPO Line OpsHIPO Line OpsHIPO Line Ops

Door openDoor openDoor openDoor openFlightFlightFlightFlight

First In-FlightFirst In-FlightFirst In-FlightFirst In-FlightLightLightLightLight

22221111

Inst 2Inst 2Inst 2Inst 2Inst 1Inst 1Inst 1Inst 1

Observatory UpgradesObservatory UpgradesObservatory UpgradesObservatory Upgrades

We are here!We are here!We are here!We are here!

Segment 3Segment 3Segment 3Segment 3DowntimeDowntimeDowntimeDowntimeElementsElementsElementsElements

FOCFOCFOCFOCISFISFISFISF

CY15CY15CY15CY15

3333 OperationsOperationsOperationsOperations

FOCFOCFOCFOC

CY14CY14CY14CY14

12121212

Geographic Distribution of SOFIA InstrumentsGeographic Distribution of SOFIA InstrumentsGeographic Distribution of SOFIA InstrumentsGeographic Distribution of SOFIA Instruments

Field Imaging Field Imaging Field Imaging Field Imaging Far-Infrared Far-Infrared Far-Infrared Far-Infrared

Line Line Line Line Spectrometer Spectrometer Spectrometer Spectrometer

(FIFI-LS),(FIFI-LS),(FIFI-LS),(FIFI-LS),GarchingGarchingGarchingGarching

Germany, Germany, Germany, Germany, Will be Will be Will be Will be flying flying flying flying

2012201220122012

Second SI to Second SI to Second SI to Second SI to fly, German fly, German fly, German fly, German Receiver for Receiver for Receiver for Receiver for

Astronomy at Astronomy at Astronomy at Astronomy at Terahertz Terahertz Terahertz Terahertz

Frequencies Frequencies Frequencies Frequencies (GREAT) (GREAT) (GREAT) (GREAT)

Bonn, Bonn, Bonn, Bonn, Germany Germany Germany Germany February February February February

2011201120112011

High Speed Imaging High Speed Imaging High Speed Imaging High Speed Imaging Photometer for Photometer for Photometer for Photometer for Occultation (HIPO) Occultation (HIPO) Occultation (HIPO) Occultation (HIPO) instrument instrument instrument instrument performed performed performed performed characterization characterization characterization characterization operations on operations on operations on operations on Telescope AssemblyTelescope AssemblyTelescope AssemblyTelescope Assemblyduring Dec 2008during Dec 2008during Dec 2008during Dec 2008

Faint Object Faint Object Faint Object Faint Object InfraRedInfraRedInfraRedInfraRed Camera for the Camera for the Camera for the Camera for the SOFIA SOFIA SOFIA SOFIA Telescope Telescope Telescope Telescope (FORCAST) (FORCAST) (FORCAST) (FORCAST) First Science First Science First Science First Science Instrument (SI)Instrument (SI)Instrument (SI)Instrument (SI)May 2010May 2010May 2010May 2010

The Four The Four The Four The Four ““““First LightFirst LightFirst LightFirst Light”””” Instruments are in an advanced state of readiness Instruments are in an advanced state of readiness Instruments are in an advanced state of readiness Instruments are in an advanced state of readiness

First Light Flight PlanFirst Light Flight PlanFirst Light Flight PlanFirst Light Flight PlanLegLegLegLeg OBJECTOBJECTOBJECTOBJECT PDTPDTPDTPDT

startstartstartstartDURDURDURDURMinMinMinMin

1 DEAD LEG 09:50 142 DEAD LEG 10:05 93 DEAD LEG 10:15 74 DEAD LEG 10:24 105555 ALPHA SCOALPHA SCOALPHA SCOALPHA SCO 10:3410:3410:3410:34 272727276666 TW OPHTW OPHTW OPHTW OPH 11:0111:0111:0111:01 22222222

7 DEAD LEG 11:25 38888 RZ UMARZ UMARZ UMARZ UMA 11:2911:2911:2911:29 252525259 DEAD LEG 11:56 310101010 EPSILON SCOEPSILON SCOEPSILON SCOEPSILON SCO 11:5811:5811:5811:58 3030303011111111 RHO UMARHO UMARHO UMARHO UMA 12:3112:3112:3112:31 2525252512 DEAD LEG 12:58 1113131313 M 82M 82M 82M 82 01:1101:1101:1101:11 3636363614 DEAD LEG 01:48 515151515 ETA SGRETA SGRETA SGRETA SGR 01:5401:5401:5401:54 5353535316 DEAD LEG 02:48 517171717 LAMBDA DRALAMBDA DRALAMBDA DRALAMBDA DRA 02:5402:5402:5402:54 2525252518181818 V CVNV CVNV CVNV CVN 03:2003:2003:2003:20 2525252519 DEAD LEG 03:46 1220 DEAD LEG 04:00 421212121 JUPITERJUPITERJUPITERJUPITER 04:0604:0604:0604:06 2727272722 DEAD LEG 04:35 40

Visible light imageVisible light imageVisible light imageVisible light image

SOFIA infrared image SOFIA infrared image SOFIA infrared image SOFIA infrared image (5.4, 24.2, and 37.1 (5.4, 24.2, and 37.1 (5.4, 24.2, and 37.1 (5.4, 24.2, and 37.1 µµµµmmmm))))

First Light Planetary ScienceFirst Light Planetary ScienceFirst Light Planetary ScienceFirst Light Planetary Science

First Light - GalaxyFirst Light - GalaxyFirst Light - GalaxyFirst Light - Galaxy

SOFIA has an active Education and Public Outreach Joint US & German

EducationEducationEducationEducationResearch flight experience for educators Research flight experience for educators Research flight experience for educators Research flight experience for educators Summer workshops for college faculty and Summer workshops for college faculty and Summer workshops for college faculty and Summer workshops for college faculty and students to encourage research, Production students to encourage research, Production students to encourage research, Production students to encourage research, Production and dissemination of curricula & class and dissemination of curricula & class and dissemination of curricula & class and dissemination of curricula & class activities; school visitsactivities; school visitsactivities; school visitsactivities; school visits

Public Outreach Public Outreach Public Outreach Public Outreach Displays at public eventsDisplays at public eventsDisplays at public eventsDisplays at public events

April: April: April: April: ““““Spaceward BoundSpaceward BoundSpaceward BoundSpaceward Bound,,,,”””” YuriYuriYuriYuri‘‘‘‘s nights nights nights nightMay: SOFIA podcast for May: SOFIA podcast for May: SOFIA podcast for May: SOFIA podcast for ““““365 days of 365 days of 365 days of 365 days of astronomyastronomyastronomyastronomy”””” for for for for ““““First LightFirst LightFirst LightFirst Light”””” flight flight flight flight

Public AffairsPublic AffairsPublic AffairsPublic Affairs (Public Information & (Public Information & (Public Information & (Public Information & Press Relations)Press Relations)Press Relations)Press Relations)Press releases and media productions:Press releases and media productions:Press releases and media productions:Press releases and media productions:

First open-door flightFirst open-door flightFirst open-door flightFirst open-door flightFirst Light flightFirst Light flightFirst Light flightFirst Light flightShort Science resultsShort Science resultsShort Science resultsShort Science resultsSOFIA SOFIA SOFIA SOFIA BrandingBrandingBrandingBranding

Science Community OutreachScience Community OutreachScience Community OutreachScience Community OutreachSOFIA exhibits, talks, posters at science SOFIA exhibits, talks, posters at science SOFIA exhibits, talks, posters at science SOFIA exhibits, talks, posters at science conferences conferences conferences conferencesSupport for colloquia by SOFIA scientists Support for colloquia by SOFIA scientists Support for colloquia by SOFIA scientists Support for colloquia by SOFIA scientists and engineers and engineers and engineers and engineersConvince the Community that we are realConvince the Community that we are realConvince the Community that we are realConvince the Community that we are real

ItItItIt’’’’s 3 AM onboard the KAO ...s 3 AM onboard the KAO ...s 3 AM onboard the KAO ...s 3 AM onboard the KAO ...

SOFIA modeled after the SOFIA modeled after the SOFIA modeled after the SOFIA modeled after the KuiperKuiperKuiperKuiper Airborne Observatory FOSTER educator flight Airborne Observatory FOSTER educator flight Airborne Observatory FOSTER educator flight Airborne Observatory FOSTER educator flight programprogramprogramprogram

§ Program making progress!§ First Light (Heat) with FORCAST was a great success.§ Aircraft handles well even with door open. § Envelope now cleared to 45,000ft § First science in 2010

§ SOFIA will be one of the primary facilities for far-IR and sub-millimeter astronomy for many years

Red = 37.1um,Red = 37.1um,Red = 37.1um,Red = 37.1um, Green = 24.2um,Green = 24.2um,Green = 24.2um,Green = 24.2um, Blue = 5.4umBlue = 5.4umBlue = 5.4umBlue = 5.4um

SOFIA First Light Image, May 25, 2010SOFIA First Light Image, May 25, 2010SOFIA First Light Image, May 25, 2010SOFIA First Light Image, May 25, 2010