at – 201 introduction to architecture dan trent august 28, 2015 1
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 2BASIC HOUSE DESIGNS
AT – 201
Introduction to Architecture
Dan Trent
August 28, 2015
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OBJECTIVES
Identify four basic house designs Explain the advantages of each house
design Recognize the disadvantages of each
house design Explain the variations of split level
designs
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KEY TERMS
Attic Basement Crawl Space Daylight Basement Dormer Footprint Habitable Space Intermediate Level Living Level One-and-One-Half
Story One-Story Ranch Shotgun House Slab Construction Sleeping Level Split Entry Split-Level Square Foot Two-Story Walkout Basement
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One-Story Designs
All regular living space is on one level Built over a
Slab – walls rest on a foundation with a concrete floor at ground level
Crawl Space – An area of less than full height, located at or below ground level. Used for maintenance and storage
Basement – full height area located fully or partially below ground level. Used for utilities, storage or extra living space
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One story RANCH design
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One-Story Designs
Advantages All living space is on one level Opportunities for indoor/outdoor living
Patio Porch Terrace Opportunities for indoor/outdoor living
Windows along perimeter walls bring outdoor surroundings inside making interiors appear larger
Lends itself easily to expansion and remodeling
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One-Story Designs
Disadvantages Costs more to build than similar houses with
the same square footage Larger lot Additional roof area Longer foundation
Large footprint requires a large lot on which to build Footprint = the area of land occupied by the
building
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One-Story Designs
Shotgun house Traditional style from southern states Long rectangular plan in which all rooms are
in line and directly connect to one other from the front to the back of the house
Name comes from the idea that if you were to fire a gun through the front door, the bullet would travel straight through all the rooms and exit the back door
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One-and-One-Half Story
One story design with a tall, wide roof that allows for expansion of living space into the attic Attic = the space between the ceiling and the roof
of a structure
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One-and-One-Half Story
Dormers are projecting structures on a roof that have walls, a front-facing window and a roof
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One-and-One-Half Story
The amount of habitable space into the attic is determined by the width and height of the house Habitable Space = the total living area in a
building
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ADVANTAGES
Enhances the look of the exterior Provides light and additional useable space in the attic
area Occupies less ground than a one story house that has
the same living space Versatile – Can be adapted to various styles Flexible – Can be built with attic unfinished deferring
cost until the space is needed
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DISADVANTAGES
Additional building costs (stairs, dormers, more complicated roofs)
Less mobility (stairs) Low ceilings (head room) along perimeter Limited window space on second level More difficult maintenance due to additional height
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TWO-STORY DESIGN
Two story house has two full levels of living space
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TWO-STORY DESIGN
Advantages Smaller “footprint” with the same amount of
living space More economical to build (2 floors, one roof) Privacy – bedrooms usually upstairs away from
living space Lower heating/cooling costs More economical to build
2 floors, one roof plumbing and wiring “bundled” Some components can be centrally located
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TWO-STORY DESIGN
DisadvantagesStairsDifficult exterior maintenance (gutters,
painting)
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SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN
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SPLIT-LEVEL DESIGN
As the name suggests, is a multi-level house that solves the problem of a sloping or hilly lot by shifting floor levels to accommodate the site “split” into multiple levels
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SPLIT-LEVEL DESIGN
Advantages Little or no hall space required Minimal excavation of site reduces building
cost
Disadvantages There may be heating/cooling challenges Stairs
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Four-level split design
4 Levels of usable space Basement
Daylight basement = similar to regular basement except that the topography allows the placement of windows on an exterior wall
Walkout basement = similar, but has an entry that provides access to the outdoors (basement level garage)
Intermediate level = the level above the garage (recreation area, garage, family room, etc.)
Living level = above intermediate level (kitchen, dining room , living room, bathroom, etc.)
Sleeping level = Highest level. Bedrooms, bathrooms
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Three-level split design
3 Levels of usable space – no basement level Intermediate level = the lowest level
(recreation area, garage, family room, laundry, etc.)
Living level = above intermediate level (kitchen, dining room , living room, bathroom, etc.)
Sleeping level = Highest level. Bedrooms, bathrooms
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Split entry design
2 Levels of usable space separated by the entrances foyer stairway The main living area is on the top floor, and a
secondary living area or basement is on the lower level.
Essentially a one story house with a raised basement
Also known as a bi-level or raised ranch
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SPLIT-LEVEL LAYOUTS
There are three variations Side by side Front to back Back to front
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INTERNET RESOURCES
www.OwensCorning.com Building materials, composite, sustainability, d
www.gp.com/build/index.html Products, sustainability, products, safety,
where to buy, resources (products = PLYTANIUM, resources = DOGHOUSE)
www.reynoldsbp.com Roof shingles, bay windows, patios/decks
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QUESTIONS (for YOU)
List 4 basic residential house designs Identify 5 advantages of the ranch style
house List 5 disadvantages of the ranch style
house A one-and-one-half story house can be
recognized by its _________ ___________ , which often has ___________ to allow light into the attic
Traffic circulation must be planned for maximum efficiency of ______________
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QUESTIONS?
Thank you for your attention!