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OFCM User ForumAviation Weather: Opportunities for

Implementation

NASA Aircraft Icing Education & Training

Mary F. WadelJuly 25, 2000

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• Newest element of NASA’s Aircraft Icing Research

• Prior to NASA’s icing education & training efforts– In-flight icing specific training materials were very limited

– Most icing training focused on ground de-icing

• These efforts directly tie into the National Aviation Weather Initiatives– Enhance the ability of decision makers to use the

information

– Improve the capabilities of aircraft to fly safely and efficiently in all types of weather

– Direct and utilize research related to aviation weather

NASA Aircraft Icing Education & Training

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Objective and Approach• Objective: Develop in-flight icing related educational materials and

training aids– Develop training materials for pilots to assist them in making better

operational decisions while in icing conditions.

– Exploit the advantages of multimedia and computer-based training to increase the effectiveness of icing training materials

– Provide much needed, improved information on in-flight icing

• Approach: Multiple training methods developed to meet the diverse need of target audiences– Educational Videos & Taped Lecture Series

– Computer Based Training

– Pilot Flight Training Simulator

• Target audience: Pilots, dispatchers, airline operators, trainers, etc…– Intended for use in simulators, classrooms, self-learning, computer-based

instruction, training modules, etc...

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Educational Videos

• Release of Tailplane Icing and Icing for Regional & Corporate Pilots educational videos– Over 1000 videos released internationally to date– On-Line Ordering: www.icebox.grc.nasa.gov

• Tailplane Icing– Compilation of critical information from Tailplane Icing Program– Effects of Ice-Contaminated Tailplane Stall– Document the flight tests to show to other pilots– Distinguishing characteristics of tailplane events and recovery

procedures

• Icing for Regional & Corporate Pilots– Roll & Pitch Upsets– Symptoms of performance and handling anomalies– SLD Icing Conditions and Runback Icing– Recovery Procedures

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Computer Based Training

Module Design• Module optimized for

the instructor-led training environment.

• Provides flexibility for instructors

• Classroom and individual options available

• Additional Topics:

– My Experiences

– Icing Library

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Computer Based Training

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Computer Based Training

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Computer Based Training

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Pilot Flight Training Simulator (PSIM)• Develop a piloted ground-based flight simulator that

incorporates the aerodynamic effects of icing as part of a training curriculum to provide pre-exposure to icing operations and performance, stability, and control changes due to airframe icing.

• Serve as a training tool for:– initial and recurrent training to provide awareness of the consequences of

an icing encounter– Aircraft-specific operation in icing– Effects of icing on aircraft performance and handling qualities– Potential adverse maneuvers that may result from icing-induced loss of

control– Knowledge of how to best manage an adverse icing encounter

• Using a combination of experimental data from wind tunnels and flight data to derive aerodynamic flight characteristics

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Pilot Flight Training SimulatorApproach Summary

Sub-scale Complete Aircraft Model

Sub-scale Ice Shapes

Vertical Flow Tunnel

Full-scale Inertias &Propulsion Effects

Full-scale Aircraft Flight Test

Full-scale Ice Shapes

Simulator Simulator VerificationVerification

Low Speed Wind Tunnel

Aero Effects of Ice Contamination

Flight SimulatorFlight Simulator

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Pilot Flight Training Simulator

• Recent Activities: Static & Dynamic aero tests to determine CL, CD, Cl, Cm, Cn and rotary and damping terms as functions of efetc. for the Twin Otter

6.5%-scale Twin Otter model on Rotary

Balance Rig

Vertical Flow Tunnel

Low Speed Wind Tunnel

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Future Plans and Initiatives

• Release of additional Educational videos: GA, Large Transport, Super-Cooled Large Droplet

• Release of first CBT for regional and corporate pilots and development of a CBT for GA

• Transfer PSIM technology/methodology to training flight simulator developers for desktop capability

• Future Initiative/Gap in current project plans: – Transfer PSIM methodology for icing flight

characteristics to motion-based ground flight simulator– Develop Roll Upset icing research project from Loss of

Control group findings in JSAT