atasa 5 tires, wheels, & wheel bearings · 2019-02-18 · 4x4 vehicles, together with quicker...

Systems Repair Worksheet Chapter 44 Pages: 1297 1332 Tires, Wheels, and Bearings 74 Points

Please Read The Summary

Danger of Old Tires!!

ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings

Before We Begin…

Keeping in mind the Career Cluster of Transportation , Distribution & Logistics

Ask yourself:

What careers might be present in this slide series?

What careers might interest me?

How do these careers relate to my other high school classes?

What career cluster is my 4year plan preparing me for?

1. Uneven or premature tire wear is a good indicator of ________________ & ______________ problems.

Steering & Suspension Ignition & Fuel Brake & Suspension


2. Lightweight aluminum wheels reduce the amount of vehicle _____________ weight for better ride.

Imagine a car of 2000 lbs with wheels of 200 lbs . Each time this car would hit a bump it would almost be launched!!.....but if the wheels were 20 lbs the car would barely notice the bump. This means that everything that goes up and down (i.e. the wheel and most part of the suspension) should be kept as light as possible to provide a comfortable ride. Also in the figure can be noticed that the time which the wheel loses contact with the road increases with the weight of the wheel and suspension. This can be reduced by stiffening the springs of the suspension but then.....this will not do any good to a smooth ride. The weight which goes up and down when a car hits a bump is called the unsprung weight....the car body itself the sprung weight.

So the lighter the unsprung weight the better the comfort and the road holding.

Unsprung Total Sprung


3. Wheels have tapered holes to help the tapered lug nuts or studs _________ the wheel over the hub.

Note: Hubcentric wheels are most popular. Lugcentric wheels are not used as much.

Center Angle Offset


Lug Centric

Hub Centric


4. The rim has a _______ ___________ area designed to allow for easy tire removal and installation.

Drop Center Wheel Well Deep Gouge


There are two types of wheel construction. The semidrop center has removable flanges and does not need the severe drop in the center of the rim. These wheels are used on heavy equipment.

5. Wheel ___________ is the vertical distance between the wheel’s centerline and its mounting face.

Center Angle Offset


Offset should never be increased more than 1/2 inch (12mm).

Tire Sticks Out Farther Brake Rotor


ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings 6. Offset is ____________ if the rim centerline is inboard of the mounting face

& ______________ if the rim centerline is outboard of the mounting face. (negative offset is the tires stick out like toeout)

Tire Sticks Out Farther Positive, Negative

7. Wheel offset determines the front suspension _______________ as well as the ___________ radius.

Loading & Scrub Cornering & Runout Leveling & Setback


8. A few vehicles have been fit with lefthanded threads on the driverside lug nuts. True or False


9. Wheel size is determined by rim ________ between flanges & ___________ across the beads.

Width & Diameter Length & Height Welds & Rivets


10. Low tire pressure & the wrong size tire or wheel will adversely affect ABS. True or False


11. Tires provide ___________ for both braking and driving torque in addition to cushioning ride. (extremely low profile tires give a harder ride due to less air)

Cushioning Traction Tactile Sense


12. Pneumatic, ________________ tires are used on passenger vehicles. (Name a vehicle with solid tires)

Tubeless Tubetype Balloon


13. Tires are made of layers of material called __________. These layers determine strength, handling, ride, amount of road noise, traction wet & dry, resistance to fatigue, heat and bruising.

Plies Cords Straps


14. The ________ keeps the tire in contact with the rim. The __________ contacts the road surface.

Bear & Thread Bead & Tread Rubber & Steel Belts


15. __________ are molded into tread ribs to open as the tire flexes, increasing wet pavement traction.

Sipes Pipes Wipes


Tire Sipes


Here's how siping works:

SafTee® siping cuts slits, called sipes, at 90° angles across the tread, providing thousands of gripping edges for better traction and stopping power. Wearrobbing heat and hydroplaning are also minimized.


16. Tire _________________ are constructed of thinner material than the tread for greater flexibility.

Sidewalls Shoulders Beads


17. _______ ply tires have a crisscross ply design. __________ bias ply tires outlast this old design.

Bias & Belted Radial & Steel Nylon & Rayon


http://www.dasselaw.com/images/TF_FX.jp g&imgrefurl=http://www.dasselaw.com/tire_ failure.php&usg=__N2jp6f1r62cXqM_0 GGj5YN60w=&h=333&w=500&sz=6


Recapped tire failure


18. ____________ ply tires have body cords that extend from bead to bead “radially” at 90 degrees to the circumference of the tire tread plies. They also have internal belts that run with the tread.

http://images.google.com/url?q=http://www.michelinag.com/agx/enUS/about_us/history.jsp&usg=AFQjCNEvtQ4UHiNOYQxCOcXoIdZf4uVZqg

Radial Radio Radiation


19. Runflat tires fall into 3 categories: 1) ____________________, 2) _______________________, and 3) auxiliary supported runflat systems, like Michelin’s PAX system.


Selfsealing, Selfsupporting Selfenergizing, Selfesteeming Selfseating, Selfemploying

20. Specialty __________ patterns can cause a tire to be directional or non directional. (watch arrows)

Thread Instead Tread


Symmetrical

Symmetry generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically pleasing proportionality and balance on either side of an axis.


Asymmetrical


Optinoise technology reduces road noise by design of the tire pattern. Tall sidewall stiffener reduces the wallowing feeling often felt on corners by drivers of 4x4 vehicles, together with quicker steering response. Directional tread pattern resists aquaplaning and provides good water evacuation from the tread contact patch.


Asymmetric pattern: Tread patterns which differ on either side of the tire


Directional pattern: Tread patterns characterized by lateral grooves on both sides of the tire which point in the same direction.

•Advantages of directional tread patterns are good driving force and braking performance. In particular directional patterns provide good water dispersal for greater stability on wet roads. •Directional tires must be mounted in the direction of the tread pattern. •Applications: Passenger car tire for highspeed use.


21._______________ tire treads have the same pattern on both sides of the tire. (normal tires)

Symmetrical Asymmetrical Directional


22. _______________________ tires have a tread design that is different from one side to the other.

Symmetrical Asymmetrical Directional


23. Most spare tires are now limited use tires with both mileage and ________ restrictions of 50 mph. (fullsize spares may also have TPMS)

Speed Inflation Time

Why limit the spare use to 50 mph & 50 miles?


24. The first ____________ designation of a tire indicates it’s basic use. ___ for passenger, ____ for light truck, C for commercial, and T for temporary use, as in the spare tire.

Letter, P, LT Icon, P, LT Number, P, LT


25. The number following the first letter is the section _________ of the tire measured in millimeters.

Diameter Height Width


26. Following the slash (/), the next number is the ______ ______ or tire profile. Profile is expressed as a percentage of crosssectional height to cross sectional width.

Profile Aspect Ratio Diameter


27. Ply construction is noted with an R for ____________ ply design, the letter B for beltedbias and the letter D for diagonal plies also known as bias ply tires.

Rear Radial Remedial


Radials are more expensive than bias ply. Radials have a 20% larger footprint Radials slip 5 to 10% less. Radials have lower motion resistance, Radials last approximately 30% longer.

28. The number after the ply designation is the ___________ of the wheel expressed in inches.

Width Diameter Speed


29. Following the size are the __________ __________ (numerical) and the _________ ratings (letter).

Load Range, Speed Speed, Aspect Ratio Aspect Ratio, Offset


30. The “bornondate” is part of the DOT # that depicts the _______ & the _______ it was made.

Week, Year Day, Month Century, Decade


Why are so many of the dimensions referred to as “nominal”? Exact tire and wheel dimensions may vary slightly, and may depend on some extent on inflation pressure, loads, and other factors. "Nominal" dimensions correspond to general industry standards, and usually are close to actual dimensions.

Tires Manufactured Since 2000 Since 2000, the week and year the tire was produced has been provided by the last four digits of the Tire Identification Number with the 2 digits being used to identify the week immediately preceding the 2 digits used to identify the year.

Tires Manufactured Before 2000 The Tire Identification Number for tires produced prior to 2000 was based on the assumption that tires would not be in service for ten years. While they were required to provided the same information as today’s tires, the week and year the tire was produced was contained in the last three digits. The 2 digits used to identify the week a tire was manufactured immediately preceded a single digit used to identify the year.

31. The UTQGS rates 3 things: 1) _____________, 2) _____________, 3) _____________ __________.


What is "plus sizing?"

Plus sizing is one of the easiest ways to achieve enhanced performance and change the appearance of your vehicle.

Converting to a "plus 1" size means increasing the wheel diameter by 1" and selecting an appropriate tire to fit.

Likewise, moving to a "plus 2" would result in a wheel with 2" larger diameter.

Note, however, that while the wheel diameter is increasing, the overall diameter of the tire remains fairly consistent (usually within +/ .04 inches) preserving the speedometer reading and gear ratio.

When "plus sizing," the tire is wider (section width) and therefore has a larger footprint. In addition, the sidewall becomes shorter (aspect ratio) and more rigid.

Together, this gives better lateral stability and increased steering response.


32. The maximum inflation number on a tire sidewall is not its recommended inflation! True or False

NOTE: The Tire Placard is VIN Specific


Do not exceed the maximum load or maximum inflation pressures shown on the tire sidewall.

Lower inflation pressures may be used, but only with lighter loads. More detail is provided in manufacturer’s load and inflation tables.

"Cold" means that the tire has been run less than one mile during the past 4 or more hours. On an extended trip in hot weather, heat can cause tire pressures to rise by as much as 15 to 20 percent.

33. The tire ___________ found on the driver’s door jamb shows the correct cold tire inflation.


Sticker Placard Sizer

28. ___________ tires show maximum wear on the outside edges of the tread. ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings

29. __________________ tires show maximum wear in the center of the tread. ATASA 5 th Tires, Wheels, & Wheel Bearings

30. Tire _______________ at regular mileage intervals (6k) is done to equalize wear over time since front tires tend to wear on the outer edges due to cornering and rears tend to wear more centrally.

Balancing Siping Rotation


Special Note: Store bulk tires flat, out of direct sunlight, & kept away from electric motors that create ozone.


31. _________ _________ are ½” wide bands that appear in the tread when tire tread depth is 2/32”.

Wear Tabs Wear Bars Bar Tabs


Could you check brake pad thickness using this tool?


32. Tire _____________ ___________ systems (TPMS) are required by law on all vehicles after 2008.

Pressure Measuring Pressure Monitoring Pressure Modulating


33. TPMS, __________ reading or indirect reading illuminate a warning lamp if a tire is 25% below the recommended cold inflation pressure. (That’s about 57 psi on a 30 psi tire)

Direct Computer Estimated



Would this sensor function? Why or Why not?

34. A ________________ is located in each tire. An antenna & receiver ring communicates with the TPMS control unit. A reset switch or relearn procedure must be followed after tire rotation.

Sensor Computer Actuator


35.Both wheels and tires should be checked for ____________. Wheels have a tighter tolerance.

Ballast Imbalance Runout


36. Runout may be _________, (also called eccentricity) which is at a right angle to the axis of rotation.

Radial Axial Lateral


37. Runout may be ___________, (also called axial)which is on the same axis as the centerline.

Radial Lateral External


http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/broxholm/flash/axial%20runout%20on%20case.swf

http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/broxholm/flash/Radial%20runout%20on%20case.swf

Axial Runout

Radial Runout

Deviation parallel to the axis of rotation

Deviation on a right angle to the axis of rotation


38. Never attempt to repair punctures in the tire’s ________________ or _____________.

Shoulders or Sidewalls Tread or Bead Tread or Sipes


39. ___________ tire repairs, that include both a plug & an internal patch are the most recommended.

Cold Hot Emergency


40. The TPMS __________ should be removed after the bead is broken away from the rim when in the process of dismounting a tire. Proper retorquing of the TPMS sensor retaining nut is critical.


Sensors Actuators Valve Cores

41. It is a good idea to install new valve __________ when installing new tires on to rims.


Core Stem Keeper

42. Both undertorquing and overtorquing of lug nuts can cause problems. True or False


43. Static tire imbalance causes an up & down bouncing condition known as wheel ____________.

Static imbalance occurs when there is a heavy spot on either side of the tire's horizontal centerline. This prevents your tire from rolling smoothly, causing an upanddown vibration.

Shimmy Tramp Imperfection



Static imbalance occurs when there is a heavy spot on either side of the tire's horizontal centerline. This prevents your tire from rolling smoothly, causing an upanddown vibration.

44. Dynamic tire imbalance causes a sidetoside shaking condition known as wheel _____________.

Shimmy Tramp Imperfection


Dynamic imbalance occurs when you have heavy spots to either side of your wheel's vertical centerline. This causes a sidetoside shimmy when you drive.

Dynamic imbalance occurs when you have heavy spots to either side of your wheel's vertical centerline. This causes a sidetoside shimmy when you drive.


45. “Road Force” balancers simulate a road test with a ________ __________ that applies a heavy force to the tire as it rotates. Tire deflection under pressure is also measured.


Rolling Load Hanging Weight Wheel Weight

46. The purpose of all ______________ is to allow a shaft to rotate smoothly in a housing or to allow a housing to rotate smoothly around a shaft. (wheel bearings are not axle bearings)

Bearings Lubrication Torquing


47. An uneven ____________ or grinding sound as the wheels rotate indicates a wheel bearing issue.

Growling Whining Barking


48. Worn or damaged bearings or those that need adjustment will have too much ______ _________.

End Play End Around End Preload


49. Whenever bearings are removed & replaced, a new grease ________ should be installed.

Fitting Seal Zirk


50. Nondrive wheels often use two __________ roller bearings facing each other. This provides good bidirectional axial load characteristics as well as radial load carrying capabilities.

Straight Tapered Radial

Radial Load

Axial Load Axial Load


51. Whenever a bearing is replaced, the corresponding bearing __________ should also be driven out using a hammer & large drift punch and a new one installed.

Race Rim Spindle


52. Bearing retaining nuts can be held in place with _______________ pins or can be “staked nuts”.

Hood Cotter Safety


53. Special NLGI rated, high temperature grease should be used to ________ wheel bearings.

Retread Remanufacture Repack


54. FWD & RWD _______ bearings differ greatly in design & service from non drive wheel bearings.

Wheel Muffler Cam


According to AAA, about 80 percent of the cars on the road are driving with one or more tires underinflated. Tires lose air through normal driving (especially after hitting pot holes or curbs), permeation and seasonal changes in temperature.


When tires are underinflated, the tread wears more quickly. According to Goodyear, this equates to 15 percent fewer miles you can drive on them for every 20 percent that they're underinflated. Underinflated tires also overheat more quickly than properly inflated tires, which causes more tire damage.

Because of the extra resistance an underinflated tire has when it rolls, your car's engine has to work harder. AAA statistics show that tires that are underinflated by as little as 2 psi reduce fuel efficiency by 10 percent. Over a year of driving, that can amount to several hundred dollars in extra gas purchases.

atasa 5 tires, wheels, & wheel bearings · 2019-02-18 · 4x4 vehicles, together with quicker...

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