AtmosphereAtmosphere

77thth Period Period

The composition of the earth’s The composition of the earth’s atmosphereatmosphere

78% of the earth’s atmosphere is made up of 78% of the earth’s atmosphere is made up of Nitrogen, which enters the atmosphere when Nitrogen, which enters the atmosphere when there are volcanoes and when dead plants there are volcanoes and when dead plants and animals decay.and animals decay.

Oxygen makes up 21% of the earth’s Oxygen makes up 21% of the earth’s atmosphere. Most oxygen in the atmosphere atmosphere. Most oxygen in the atmosphere comes from plants.comes from plants.

Claire ReynoldsClaire Reynolds

Continued…Continued…

Other gases in the atmosphere include argon, Other gases in the atmosphere include argon, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor and they only make up 1% of the earth’s and they only make up 1% of the earth’s atmosphere.atmosphere.

Claire ReynoldsClaire Reynolds

Continued…Continued…

The atmosphere also contains a lot of The atmosphere also contains a lot of small solid particles, or atmospheric small solid particles, or atmospheric dust. Atmospheric dust is primarily made dust. Atmospheric dust is primarily made up of salt, ash from fires, volcanic ash, up of salt, ash from fires, volcanic ash, particulate matter from combustion, skin particulate matter from combustion, skin hair, bits of clothing, pollen, bacteria and hair, bits of clothing, pollen, bacteria and viruses, and tiny, liquid droplets called viruses, and tiny, liquid droplets called aerosols. aerosols.

Claire ReynoldsClaire Reynolds

Aerosols•Tiny droplets in the atmosphere

•Some occur naturally and some are generated by human activities

•Most man-made aerosols come from industrial sites, slash-and-burn agricultural places, and overgrazed grasslands

•Aerosols have a cooling effect

•They are believed to indirectly affect climate

Abril Garcia

Atmosphere layers

Brought to you by: Jeffery Doubt

The Layers Of The Atmosphere

TroposphereAnd

Stratosphere

MesosphereAnd

Thermosphere

IonosphereAnd

Exosphere

•The Troposphere is the first layer and contains more than half of the atmosphere

•The stratosphere is the second layer and 90% of the ozone is found in this layer

•The Mesosphere is the third layer and the air temp. decreases with the altitude, the altitude’s coldest point is around -90 degrees

•The Thermosphere is the fourth layer and almost has the thinnest air, and the smallest change can cause the biggest change in temp.

•The Ionosphere is the fifth layer, but it is really not considered a layer because it only makes up 0.1% of the atmosphere

•The Exosphere is the largest layer and the atmospheric compounds are very populated in this layer, it also has the thinnest layer of air and most of the molecules and pollutants are distributed upon this area.

Kaitlin HarlowKaitlin HarlowThe Three Mechanisms of heat in The Three Mechanisms of heat in

the Earth’s Atmospherethe Earth’s Atmosphere

1. Radiation1. Radiation2. Conduction2. Conduction3. Convection3. Convection

Kaitlin HarlowKaitlin HarlowDefinition of the MechanismsDefinition of the Mechanisms

““Radiation-the transfer of energy across space and in the Radiation-the transfer of energy across space and in the atmosphere. ” Radiation heat examples: A camp fire, a atmosphere. ” Radiation heat examples: A camp fire, a light bulb, and a microwave oven light bulb, and a microwave oven

““Conduction- the flow of heat from a warmer object to a Conduction- the flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact.” Good conductors examples: Copper, physical contact.” Good conductors examples: Copper, Iron, Steel, and Silver Iron, Steel, and Silver

““Convection- the transfer of heat by air currents.” Convection- the transfer of heat by air currents.” Convection examples: A hot air balloon and wind Convection examples: A hot air balloon and wind currentscurrents

http://goanimate.com/movie/0WfGCwinVaGI/1?utm_source=gigyabookmark

Energy in the Atmosphere•Some of the energy radiated from the Sun goes through Earth’s atmosphere and is distributed through its surface

•Later, warmth from the Earth’s surface makes air ascend

•Once it cools it descends. This process is called convection

•Convection dominates the production of snow, rain, thunderstorms, hurricanes,

Abril Garcia

Greenhouse Gases

Definition: A gas composed of molecules that absorb and radiate infrared radiation from the sun.

Hayden

Gas Alt. Name Formula 1998 level Inc. Since

1750

Specific Heat at STP

Carbon Dioxide

Carbonic

anhydride (CO2) 365ppm 87ppm 0.819

Carbon Monoxide

Carbonic

Oxide (CO) 11.1ppm 46ppb 1.013

Methane Marsh gas (CH4) 1,745ppb 1,045ppb 2.191

Nitrous Oxide

Laughing

gas (N2O) 314ppb 44ppb .88

Greenhouse Effect

Definition: The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation.

Hayden

Hayden