atoms and periodic table unit part iii/iv for educators - download .ppt at
DESCRIPTION
This is Part III of IV of an educational unit that covers topics associated with Atoms and the Periodic Table of the Elements. The Powerpoint version of this video and entire unit can be downloaded at http://sciencepowerpoint.com/index.html The Atoms and Periodic Table of the Elements Unit is intended for students in grades 7-10 and includes an interactive and engaging Powerpoint Presentation of 1400+ slides with built in class notes (Red Slides), lab activities, project ideas, discussion questions, assessments, challenge questions with answers, review games, videos, and much more. Text is provided in large print (32 font) and is placed at the top of each slide so it can seen and read from all angles of a classroom. A shade technique and color coded text helps to increase student focus and allows teacher to control the pace of the lesson. Also included is a 12 page (Microsoft 2003 word doc.) assessment / bundled homework package that chronologically follows the Powerpoint slideshow as well as a 8 page modified assessment. 15 pages of class notes (Word doc.) with images are also included for students who require assistance, as well as answer keys to both of the assessments for support professionals, teachers, and homeschool parents. 14 video shorts (FLV files) are provided and a slide within the slideshow cues teacher / parent when the videos are most relevant to play. Video shorts usually range from 2-7 minutes and are included in organized folders. Two Powerpoint review games (125+ slides each) are included. Answers to the Powerpoint review games are provided in Powerpoint form so students can self-assess. Lastly, several class games such as guess the hidden picture beneath the boxes, and the find the hidden owl somewhere within the slideshow are provided. Difficulty rating of 9 (Ten is most difficult).Areas of Focus within The Atoms and Periodic Table of the Elements Unit:-Atoms (Atomic Force Microscopes), Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment,Cathode Ray Tube, Atoms, Fundamental Particles, Dark Matter, The Nucleus, Isotopes, AMU, Size of Atoms and Particles, Quarks, Recipe of the Universe, Atomic Theory, Atomic Symbols, #'s, Valence Electrons, Octet Rule, SPONCHAtoms, Molecules, Hydrocarbons (Structure), Alcohols (Structure), Proteins(Structure), Periodic Table of the Elements, Organization of Periodic Table,Transition Metals, Electron Negativity, Non-Metals, Metals, Metalloids,Atomic Bonds, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds, Metallic Bonds,Ionization.Please visit www.sciencepowerpoint.com to learn more about this unit, and the other 18 units in Life, Earth, and Physical Science for students in grades 5-10. Please look for the Powerpoint roadmap Parts I-IV for this unit on neighboring readings. Thanks for reading..TRANSCRIPT
Part III/IVAtoms and
Periodic Table Unit
This is Part III / IV of an educational unit about Atoms and the Periodic Table
of the Elements
Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
• John Dalton’s Atomic Assumptions
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Greek root for the word atom, "atomon," means "that which cannot be divided." – But atoms can be divided!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Greek root for the word atom, "atomon," means "that which cannot be divided." – But atoms can be divided!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Greek root for the word atom, "atomon," means "that which cannot be divided." – But atoms can be divided!
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• The Greek root for the word atom, "atomon," means "that which cannot be divided." – But atoms can be divided! But not easily on earth.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Each Element is made up of one kind of Each Element is made up of one kind of atom. The number of Protons and atom. The number of Protons and Electrons.Electrons. Atoms are arranged on the periodic table of Atoms are arranged on the periodic table of
elements.elements.
Each Element is made up of one kind of Each Element is made up of one kind of atom. The number of Protons and atom. The number of Protons and Electrons.Electrons. Atoms are arranged on the periodic table of Atoms are arranged on the periodic table of
elements.elements.
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• Hydrogen – 1 proton – Has an atomic mass of 1.
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• Hydrogen – 1 proton – Has an atomic mass of 1.
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• Hydrogen – 1 proton – Has an atomic mass of 1.
• Helium – 2 protons and 2 neutrons– Has an atomic mass of 4.
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• Hydrogen – 1 proton – Has an atomic mass of 1.
• Helium – 2 protons and 2 neutrons– Has an atomic mass of 4.
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Atomic Mass = AMU Atomic Mass Units, The Atomic Mass = AMU Atomic Mass Units, The number of protons, nuetrons, and number of protons, nuetrons, and electrons.electrons.
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• Review! To find # of protons and electrons
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• Review! To find # of protons and electrons– It is the atomic number, or count the P+ or E-.
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• Review! To find # of protons and electrons– It is the atomic number, or count the P+ or E-.
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• Review! To find # of protons and electrons– It is the atomic number.– What is Sodium’s Atomic number?
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• Answer! Count the 11 Protons
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• Answer! Count the 11 Protons or 11 Electrons
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• Review! To find # of neutrons
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• Review! To find # of neutrons– Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to
determine the difference.
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• Review! To find # of neutrons– Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to
determine the difference.– How many neutrons does Lithium have?
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• Review! To find # of neutrons– Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to
determine the difference.– How many neutrons does Lithium have?
Atomic Mass
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• Review! To find # of neutrons– Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to
determine the difference.– How many neutrons does Lithium have?
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
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• Review! To find # of neutrons– Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to
determine the difference.– How many neutrons does Lithium have?
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number6.94 amu – 3 =
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• Answer! 6.94 – 3 = 3.94
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number6.94 amu – 3 =
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• Answer! 6.94 – 3 = 3.94 or 4 neutrons
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number6.94 amu – 3 =
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• Activity! Please create the table on the next slide, 4 down x 10 across. Use the periodic table of elements.
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H He
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H He
Li
Na
K
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H He
Li Ne
Na Ar
K Kr
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Ar
K Kr
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Kr
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
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New Area of Focus: Electron OrbitalsNew Area of Focus: Electron Orbitals
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• Recommended link. Khan Academy Electron Orbitals. (Advanced)– #1)
http://www.khanacademy.org/video/orbitals?playlist=Chemistry (13 minutes)
– #2) http://www.khanacademy.org/video/more-on-orbitals-and-electron-configuration?playlist=Chemistry (15 minutes)
• Fill up orbitals in the order 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p - until you run out of electrons
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• 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p
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1s-orbital
2s-orbital
3s-orbital
4s-orbital
2px-orbital
2py-orbital
2pz-orbital
3px-orbital
3py
3pz
4px
4Py
4Pz
3dz2 (squared)
3dyz
3dxz
3dxy
3d x2y2
4dz2
4dyz
4dxy
4dxz
4d x2y2
4fz3 (cubed)
4fxz2
Energy increases as you move up the energy levels
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Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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How many valence electrons?
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1 4
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1 4
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1 4 5
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1 4 5
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1 4 5 1
Valence electrons: Electron’s in the Valence electrons: Electron’s in the outer most shell.outer most shell.
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1 2 1 4 5 1
Total Electrons
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
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The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The number of valence electrons The number of valence electrons determines the group placement determines the group placement of an element on the periodic of an element on the periodic table.table.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
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The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
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The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
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The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
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The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The rules for the first 18 elements are The rules for the first 18 elements are as follows...SPONCH includedas follows...SPONCH included
- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 2 electrons max in the 1st shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 2nd shell.- 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell. - 8 electrons max in the 3rd shell.
- 1818- 3232- 3232- 1818- 22
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Most of the transition metals…Most of the transition metals…
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Most of the transition metals…Most of the transition metals…
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Most of the transition metals…Most of the transition metals…2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 22, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2
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Most of the transition metals…Most of the transition metals…2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 22, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• After the second orbit or shell is filled, things start to get complicated.
• After the second orbit or shell is filled, things start to get complicated. The third shell fills until it gets to 8,
• After the second orbit or shell is filled, things start to get complicated. The third shell fills until it gets to 8, and then the fourth shell starts adding electrons until it too has 8 electrons.
• After the second orbit or shell is filled, things start to get complicated. The third shell fills until it gets to 8, and then the fourth shell starts adding electrons until it too has 8 electrons. Then the third shell fills until it gets to 18.
• After the second orbit or shell is filled, things start to get complicated. The third shell fills until it gets to 8, and then the fourth shell starts adding electrons until it too has 8 electrons. Then the third shell fills until it gets to 18.
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• 2 electrons fill the first level
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• 2 electrons fill the first level
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• 2 electrons fill the first level
• 8 electrons fill the second level, ring, or shell.
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• 2 electrons fill the first level
• 8 electrons fill the second level, ring, or shell.
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• 2 electrons fill the first level
• 8 electrons fill the second level, ring, or shell, and then…
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• 2 electrons fill the first level
• 8 electrons fill the second level, ring, or shell, and then…
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• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
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• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
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• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• How many electrons are in the first three energy levels?
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• Activity! Online Atom Builder.
– Sodium Na– Calcium Ca– Potassium K– Beryllium Be– Aluminum Al
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• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.
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• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.– Provide Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Symbol
on note card.
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• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.– Provide Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Symbol
on note card.• Yellow = Proton, Red = Neutron, Green = Electron
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.– Provide Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Symbol
on note card.• Yellow = Proton, Red = Neutron, Green = Electron
– Roll balls of clay into fairly large circles for the correct number of protons.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.– Provide Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Symbol
on note card.• Yellow = Proton, Red = Neutron, Green = Electron
– Roll balls of clay into fairly large circles for the correct number of protons.
– Repeat for neutrons, calculate correctly, (different color, slightly larger)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.– Provide Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Symbol
on note card.• Yellow = Proton, Red = Neutron, Green = Electron
– Roll balls of clay into fairly large circles for the correct number of protons.
– Repeat for neutrons, calculate correctly, (different color, slightly larger)
– Roll very small balls into electrons (different color).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.– Provide Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Symbol
on note card.• Yellow = Proton, Red = Neutron, Green = Electron
– Roll balls of clay into fairly large circles for the correct number of protons.
– Repeat for neutrons, calculate correctly, (different color, slightly larger)
– Roll very small balls into electrons (different color).
– Arrange on table to show electron orbitals.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Each table group needs to build one of the SPONCH elements out of clay.– Provide Name, Atomic #, and Atomic Symbol
on note card.• Yellow = Proton, Red = Neutron, Green = Electron
– Roll balls of clay into fairly large circles for the correct number of protons.
– Repeat for neutrons, calculate correctly, (different color, slightly larger)
– Roll very small balls into electrons (different color).
– Arrange on table to show electron orbitals.
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• Activity! Quiz Wiz: Name the atom based on the electron orbitals / atomic number.– Also tell me how many valence the atom has?
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• Answers! Quiz Wiz: The answer will be given after each questions instead of at the end.
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• Answers! Quiz Wiz: The answer will be given after each questions instead of at the end.
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“This Quiz Wiz will
require you to work in
table groups.”
11
1 Hydrogen (#1) 1 Hydrogen (#1) 1 Valence 1 Valence ElectronElectron
22
2 Sodium (#11) 1 2 Sodium (#11) 1 Valence ElectronValence Electron
33
3 Trick? Not a correct Atom. Based on 3 Trick? Not a correct Atom. Based on valence electrons it would be Nitrogen. valence electrons it would be Nitrogen. Total number of electrons is 10, which Total number of electrons is 10, which means it would be neon, but neon means it would be neon, but neon should have 8 electrons in it’s outer should have 8 electrons in it’s outer shell, not 5. Best guess, It’s neon and shell, not 5. Best guess, It’s neon and the creator in cyberland didn’t know the creator in cyberland didn’t know about electron orbitals. about electron orbitals.
44
4 Carbon (#6) 4 4 Carbon (#6) 4 Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
55
5 Sodium Again 5 Sodium Again (#11) 1 Valence (#11) 1 Valence ElectronElectron
66
6 Copper (#29) 6 Copper (#29) 1 Valence 1 Valence ElectronElectron
77
7 Helium (#2) 2 7 Helium (#2) 2 Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
88
8 Aluminum (13) 3 8 Aluminum (13) 3 Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
99
9 Chlorine ( #17) 7 9 Chlorine ( #17) 7 Valence ElectronsValence Electrons
1010
10 Neodymium 10 Neodymium (#60) 32 Valence (#60) 32 Valence ElectronsElectrons
• Bonus: What is this, and which characters have worn it. Do you know the order.
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• Bonus: Lost by the Dark Lord Sauron,
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• Bonus: Lost by the Dark Lord Sauron, Found by Smeagol / Gollum – Lost in cave,
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• Bonus: Lost by the Dark Lord Sauron, Found by Smeagol / Gollum – Lost in cave, Found by Bilbo Baggins,
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• Bonus: Lost by the Dark Lord Sauron, Found by Smeagol / Gollum – Lost in cave, Found by Bilbo Baggins, and given to Frodo Baggins. LOTR Trilogy & Hobbit.
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• Bonus: Lost by the Dark Lord Sauron, Found by Smeagol / Gollum – Lost in cave, Found by Bilbo Baggins, and given to Frodo Baggins. LOTR Trilogy & Hobbit.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bonus: Lost by the Dark Lord Sauron, Found by Smeagol / Gollum – Lost in cave, Found by Bilbo Baggins, and given to Frodo Baggins. LOTR Trilogy & Hobbit.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Bonus: Lost by the Dark Lord Sauron, Found by Smeagol / Gollum – Lost in cave, Found by Bilbo Baggins, and given to Frodo Baggins. LOTR Trilogy & Hobbit.
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• Activity Worksheet! Create electron dot diagrams in your journal for the following elements.– Also include atomic #, symbol, name and
amu.
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• What is SPONCH?
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• Answer! SPONCH are the biologically important elements of life. 99% of life is made up of these atoms.
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S-S-P-P-O-O-N-N-C-C-H-H-
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S-SulfurS-SulfurP-P-O-O-N-N-C-C-H-H-
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S-SulfurS-SulfurP-PhosphorusP-PhosphorusO-O-N-N-C-C-H-H-
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S-SulfurS-SulfurP-PhosphorusP-PhosphorusO-OxygenO-OxygenN-N-C-C-H-H-
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S-SulfurS-SulfurP-PhosphorusP-PhosphorusO-OxygenO-OxygenN-NitrogenN-NitrogenC-C-H-H-
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S-SulfurS-SulfurP-PhosphorusP-PhosphorusO-OxygenO-OxygenN-NitrogenN-NitrogenC-CarbonC-CarbonH-H-
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S-SulfurS-SulfurP-PhosphorusP-PhosphorusO-OxygenO-OxygenN-NitrogenN-NitrogenC-CarbonC-CarbonH-HydrogenH-Hydrogen
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• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.
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• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.S – atomic number # 16
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• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.S – atomic number # 16
P – atomic number # 15
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.S – atomic number # 16
P – atomic number # 15
O – atomic number # 8
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.S – atomic number # 16
P – atomic number # 15
O – atomic number # 8
N – atomic number # 7
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.S – atomic number # 16
P – atomic number # 15
O – atomic number # 8
N – atomic number # 7
C – atomic number # 6
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.S – atomic number # 16
P – atomic number # 15
O – atomic number # 8
N – atomic number # 7
C – atomic number # 6
H – atomic number # 1
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! SPONCH Elements
• Create an atomic model for each element in SPONCH.S – atomic number # 16
P – atomic number # 15
O – atomic number # 8
N – atomic number # 7
C – atomic number # 6
H – atomic number # 1
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
Name: Sulfur Symbol: S Atomic Number: 16 Atomic Mass: 32.066
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Name: Phosphorus Symbol: P Atomic Number: 15 Atomic Mass: 30.97376
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. MurphyCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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Name: Oxygen Symbol: O Atomic Number: 8 Atomic Mass: 15.9994
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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Name: Nitrogen Symbol: N Atomic Number: 7 Atomic Mass: 14.00674
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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Name: Carbon Symbol: C Atomic Number: 6 Atomic Mass: 12.0107
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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• Which orbital diagram below matches up with the letters from the word SPONCH?
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Name: Hydrogen Symbol: H Atomic Number: 1 Atomic Mass: 1.00794
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• Just over one hundred different kinds of atoms are known.
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• Just over one hundred different kinds of atoms are known. – Ninety two of these elements are naturally
occurring (i.e. they are found on the earth), and the remainder have been made artificially in nuclear reactors.
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• Just over one hundred different kinds of atoms are known. – Ninety two of these elements are naturally
occurring (i.e. they are found on the earth), and the remainder have been made artificially in nuclear reactors.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Octet Rule – Elements want 8 electrons in Octet Rule – Elements want 8 electrons in their outer shell (valence).their outer shell (valence). Go to your mini periodic table and complete.Go to your mini periodic table and complete.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Octet Rule – Elements want 8 electrons in Octet Rule – Elements want 8 electrons in their outer shell (valence).their outer shell (valence). Go to your mini periodic table and complete.Go to your mini periodic table and complete.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
• Using Lewis dot structures = The number of electrons in outer shell.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Using Lewis dot structures = The number of electrons in outer shell.– You can now make molecules following the
octet rule.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• (Optional Link): Khan Academy
• Periodic Groups: Octet Rule (12 min) Advanced Video.
• http://www.khanacademy.org/video/groups-of-the-periodic-table?playlist=Chemistry
Ion: A charged atom.Ion: A charged atom. When an atom strips an electron, now one atom When an atom strips an electron, now one atom
has 1+ (cation), and the other has 1 – (anion), has 1+ (cation), and the other has 1 – (anion),
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Ion: A charged atom.Ion: A charged atom. When an atom strips an electron, now one atom When an atom strips an electron, now one atom
has 1+ (cation), and the other has 1 – (anion), has 1+ (cation), and the other has 1 – (anion),
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which atom below is the anion, and which is the cation?
• Sodium formed a cation because it lost -1 electron.
• Chlorine formed an anion because it gained -1 electron.
• Which atom below formed a cation, and which formed an anion?
• Which atom below formed a cation, and which formed an anion?
Cation +1
• Which atom below formed a cation, and which formed an anion?
Cation +1Anion -1
• Remember– Electrons are negative, protons are
positive. The atom has a neutral charge when the number is the same.
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• Remember– Electrons are negative, protons are
positive. The atom has a neutral charge when the number is the same.
– When you remove an electron, the atom becomes more positive (cation)
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• Remember– Electrons are negative, protons are
positive. The atom has a neutral charge when the number is the same.
– When you remove an electron, the atom becomes more positive (cation)
– When you add an electron the atom becomes more negative. (anion)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Remember– Electrons are negative, protons are
positive. The atom has a neutral charge when the number is the same.
– When you remove an electron, the atom becomes more positive (cation)
– When you add an electron the atom becomes more negative. (anion)
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• Electron Affinity: The amount of energy required to detach an electron from a singly charged negative ion.
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• Will this atom want to lose this valence electron, or gain many electrons to have a full outer shell?
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• Answer: This Potassium atom will want to lose this electron. It has a low electron affinity.
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• Answer: This Potassium atom will want to lose this electron. It has a low electron affinity.
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Who wants it?
• Answer: This Potassium atom will want to lose this electron. It has a low electron affinity.
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Who wants it?
• Will this atom want to lose this valence electron, or gain many electrons to have a full outer shell?
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• Answer: This Chlorine atom will want to gain one electron rather than lose seven. It has a high electron affinity.
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• Which atom below has a high electron affinity, and which has a low electron affinity?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answers:
Flourine Sodium
High Electron Affinity Low Electron Affinity
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answers:
Flourine Sodium
High Electron Affinity Low Electron Affinity
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• (Optional Link): Khan Academy
• Ionization Energy (12 min) Advanced
• http://www.khanacademy.org/video/periodic-table-trends--ionization-energy?playlist=Chemistry
• Using Lewis dot structures = The number of electrons in outer shell.– You can now make molecules following the
octet rule.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
• Using Lewis dot structures = The number of electrons in outer shell.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
-S--S--P--P-
-O--O--N--N-
-C--C-H-H-
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-S--S--P--P-
-O--O--N--N-
-C--C-H-H-
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-S--S--P--P-
-O--O--N--N-
-C--C-H-H-
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-S--S--P--P-
-O--O--N--N-
-C--C-H-H-
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-S--S--P--P-
-O--O--N--N-
-C--C-H-H-
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-S--S--P--P-
-O--O--N--N-
-C--C-H-H-
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-S--S--P--P-
-O--O--N--N-
-C--C-H-H-
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
-O-
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
-O-H-
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O-
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O- -H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O=H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O
H=O
ll H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O– When using Lewis Dot Structures, a single
bond is represented with one line.
H=O
ll H
• Let’s try a water molecule. H2O– When using Lewis Dot Structures, a single
bond is represented with one line.
H=O
ll H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
• Let’s try Methane CH4
C
• Let’s try Methane CH4
C
H
H
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
CH
H
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
CH
H
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
C
H
H
H
H
• Let’s try Methane CH4
C
H
H
H
H
• Some helpful tools.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring.
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• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring– Hydrogens are on the outside
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring– Hydrogen is on the outside
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring– Hydrogen is on the outside– The smaller number is usually on the inside
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring– Hydrogen is on the outside– The smaller number is usually on the inside– Double or triple bonds can often form
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Some helpful tools.– Carbon can form a backbone or ring– Hydrogen is on the outside– The smaller number is usually on the inside– Double or triple bonds can often form
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Use the whiteboards to create Lewis Dot Structures for some common molecules.– Recommended to record the correct
molecules in your journal after whiteboard use.
• Activity! Use the whiteboards to create Lewis Dot Structures for some common molecules.– Recommended to record the correct
molecules in your journal after whiteboard use.
• Hydrogen + hydrogen =
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• Hydrogen + hydrogen = H2 Gas– Full shell = elements
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• Hydrogen + hydrogen = H2 Gas– Full shell = elements
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Try Methane CH4 Draw it and then build it
• Black = Carbon• Yellow = Hydrogen
• Now using electron dot diagramsCreate molecules like Methane CH4
• What is the empirical formula for this?
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Answer: NF3
• Try Water H2O Draw it and then build it– Yellow = Hydrogen– Red = Oxygen
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• Try Water H2O Draw it and then build it– Yellow = Hydrogen– Red = Oxygen
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• Try Water H2O Draw it and then build it– Yellow = Hydrogen– Red = Oxygen
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• Try Water H2O Draw it and then build it– Yellow = Hydrogen– Red = Oxygen
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• Table Salt NaCl
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• Table Salt NaCl
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• Table Salt NaCl
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• Table Salt NaCl
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• Double Bond O2 Gas
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• Double Bond O2 Gas
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• Double Bond O2 Gas
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• Try a triple bond N2 Gas
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• Try a triple bond N2 Gas
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• Please create electron structure and then build CCl4.
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• Please create electron structure and then build CCl4.
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• Please make Beryllium Chloride. BeCl2
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• Please make Beryllium Chloride. BeCl2
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• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2
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• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2
– Hint- It forms a double bond.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2
– Hint- It forms a double bond.– Double bonds occur when an atom isn’t
completely involved. A difficult orbital thing that we aren’t going to cover.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2
– Hint- It forms a double bond.– Double bonds occur when an atom isn’t
completely involved. A difficult orbital thing that we aren’t going to cover.
– Each oxygen will share 4 electrons with the carbon, Carbon then = 8 , and Oxygen =8
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2
– Hint- It forms a double bond.– Double bonds occur when an atom isn’t
completely involved. A difficult orbital thing that we aren’t going to cover.
– Each oxygen will share 4 electrons with the carbon, Carbon then = 8 , and Oxygen =8
– Black = Carbon– Red = oxygen
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Red = oxygen
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• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Red = oxygen
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• Carbon Dioxide Gas CO2Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Red = oxygen
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity Worksheet! Lewis dot structures and molecule building. Worksheet supported by slideshow.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• What Element are these?
• What Element are these?
• What Element are these?
• What Element are these?
• What Element are these?
• Which one is essential for life?
• Answer! Phosphorus (Part of DNA)
• Which one is rat poison?
• Answer! Arsenic
• How are these two elements similar?
• Answer! They both have 5 valence electrons?
• Answer! They both have 5 valence electrons?
Arsenic takes the place of Phosphorus in your DNA which causes death.
• Carbohydrates: What three elements do you think can be found in carbohydrates based on their name?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carbohydrates: What three elements do you think can be found in carbohydrates based on their name?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Carbohydrates: What three elements do you think can be found in carbohydrates based on their name?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Carbohydrate: A group of organic Carbohydrate: A group of organic compounds, including sugars, compounds, including sugars, starches and fiber, that is a major starches and fiber, that is a major source of energy for animals. Made source of energy for animals. Made of C, H, O (1:2:1)of C, H, O (1:2:1)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Make Glucose C6H12O6Black = CarbonRed = OxygenYellow = Hydrogen
Note – Red should not touch another red, and it works easier if carbon is in a chain for building purposes.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Make Glucose C6H12O6Black = CarbonRed = OxygenYellow = Hydrogen
Note – Red should not touch another red, and it works easier if carbon is in a chain for building purposes.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Sugars take many formsGlucose C6H12O6
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Hydrocarbon: An organic compound Hydrocarbon: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
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Hydrocarbon: An organic compound Hydrocarbon: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Hydrocarbon: An organic compound Hydrocarbon: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Hydrocarbon: An organic compound Hydrocarbon: An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Create Lewis Dot Structure and then build Propane C3H8
Black = CarbonYellow = Hydrogen
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• Create Lewis Dot Structure and then build Propane C3H8
Black = CarbonYellow = Hydrogen
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• Create Lewis Dot Structure and then build Propane C3H8
Black = CarbonYellow = Hydrogen
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• Butane C4H10Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Yellow= Hydrogen
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• Butane C4H10Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Yellow= Hydrogen
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• Butane C4H10Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Yellow= Hydrogen
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• Pentane C5H12Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Yellow = Hydrogen
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• Pentane C5H12Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Yellow = Hydrogen
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• Pentane C5H12Draw it and then build it
– Black = Carbon– Yellow = Hydrogen
Alcohol: Mostly carbon and hydrogen with Alcohol: Mostly carbon and hydrogen with an OH groupan OH group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Create Lewis Dot Structure and then build Alcohol C2OH6
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• Which molecule below is C2OH6?
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• Answer! Ethanol C2OH6
• Create Lewis Dot Structure and then build Alcohol C3OH8
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which molecule below is C3OH8?
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• Answer! Propanol C3OH8
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• What alcohol molecule is this a picture of?
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• What alcohol molecule is this a picture of?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Protein: Group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are a essential part of living cells. ONCH
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein. Mostly made of ONCH.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein. Mostly made of ONCH. Amino Acids contain both a carboxyl group (COOH) and an amino group (NH2)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein. Mostly made of ONCH. Amino Acids contain both a carboxyl group (COOH) and an amino group (NH2)– Try and build the protein below.– Black = Carbon– Yellow = Hydrogen– Red = Oxygen– Blue = Nitrogen– Purple = R group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Amino Acids are the building blocks of protein. Mostly made of ONCH. Amino Acids contain both a carboxyl group (COOH) and an amino group (NH2)– Try and build the protein below.– Black = Carbon– Yellow = Hydrogen– Red = Oxygen– Blue = Nitrogen– Purple = R group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
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• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH – C (put me in the middle)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH – C (put me in the middle)– CH3 (Attach me to the C)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH – C (put me in the middle)– CH3 (Attach me to the C)– NH2 (Attach to the C in the middle)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH – C (put me in the middle)– CH3 (Attach me to the C)– NH2 (Attach to the C in the middle)– COOH (Attach me to the C in the middle)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH – C (put me in the middle)– CH3 (Attach me to the C)– NH2 (Attach to the C in the middle)– COOH (Attach me to the C in the middle)– H (Attach me to the C in the middle)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Alanine, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
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• Try and create one of the many Amino Acids called Glycine, NH2-CH2-COOH
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• Amino Acids called Glycine, NH2-CH2-COOH
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• Try and build one of the many Amino Acids called Glycine, NH2-CH2-COOH (different structure) than priorBlack = CarbonYellow = HydrogenRed = OxygenBlue = Nitrogen
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and build one of the many Amino Acids called Glycine, NH2-CH2-COOH (different structure) than priorBlack = CarbonYellow = HydrogenRed = OxygenBlue = Nitrogen
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and build one of the many Amino Acids called Glycine, NH2-CH2-COOH (different structure) than priorBlack = CarbonYellow = HydrogenRed = OxygenBlue = Nitrogen
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and build one of the many Amino Acids called Glycine, NH2-CH2-COOH (different structure) than priorBlack = CarbonYellow = HydrogenRed = OxygenBlue = Nitrogen
“Ruff!”
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• Try and find the NH2 group, and COOH group in the Amino Acid, Glutamine H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and find the NH2 group, and COOH group in the Amino Acid, Glutamine H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH
COOH groupCOOH group NH2 GroupNH2 Group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and find the NH2 group, and COOH group in the Amino Acid, Glutamine H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH
COOH groupCOOH group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and find the NH2 group, and COOH group in the Amino Acid, Glutamine H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH
COOH groupCOOH group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and find the NH2 group, and COOH group in the Amino Acid, Glutamine H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH
COOH groupCOOH group NH2 GroupNH2 Group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and find the NH2 group, and COOH group in the Amino Acid, Glutamine H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH
COOH groupCOOH group NH2 GroupNH2 Group
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Try and find the NH2 group, and COOH group in the Amino Acid, Glutamine H2N-CO-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH
COOH groupCOOH group NH2 GroupNH2 Group
NH2 NH2 GroupGroup
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• These are some of the various amino acids that make up proteins, the building blocks of life.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Worksheet. Lewis dot structures and electron dot diagrams.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Activity! Atom Powerpoint Review Game.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
END PART III/IVAtoms and the
Periodic Table Unitwww.sciencepowerpoint.com
End Part II / IV of an educational unit about Atoms and the Periodic Table
of the Elements
Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
End Part II / IV of an educational unit about Atoms and the Periodic Table
of the Elements
Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
End Part II / IV of an educational unit about Atoms and the Periodic Table
of the Elements
Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
End Part II / IV of an educational unit about Atoms and the Periodic Table
of the Elements
Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes, assessments, lab
handouts, review games, videos, and much more at
www.sciencepowerpoint.com
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit, The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology: Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy