ATTENDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON LOCATION USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

TECHNOLOGY

NAJWA SURAYA BINTI ABDUL SAMAT

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (COMPUTER

NETWORK SECURITY) WITH HONOURS

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018

ATTENDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON LOCATION USING GLOBAL

POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) TECHNOLOGY

NAJWA SURAYA BINTI ABDUL SAMAT

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (COMPUTER NETWORK

SECURITY) WITH HONOURS

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND COMPUTING

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018

i

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and

citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

________________________________ Name : Najwa Suraya Binti Abdul Samat

Date : 20/05/2018

ii

CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that:

The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervision.

________________________________ Name : Dr. Azrul Amri Bin Jamal

Date : ..................................................

iii

DEDICATION

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

First of all Alhamdulillah, Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the entire universe.

May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon Prophet Muhammad, the unlettered

prophet, his family and his Companions. I would like to thank all the people who

supported me, my families, friends, classmates, and my supervisor my supervisor, Dr.

Azrul Amri Bin Jamal. Especially my parents who helped them with everything

financially, to my friends who believed that they can finish the study despite of all the

struggles, depression, and stress we experienced in the making of our final year project.

Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to the love of my life Muhammad

Amirul Adib bin Abdul Samad who has always been there for me through my ups and

downs and for giving the endless support I needed.

iv

ABSTRACT

It is undeniable that expert system application is gaining popularity. Advancement in

computer technology has influenced the development in many other fields including

environment security. Over the years the process of manual attendance has been carried

out which is not only time consuming but also provides erroneous result. Automated

time and attendance monitoring system provides many benefits to organizations. This

reduces the need of pen and paper based manual attendance tracking system. Following

this thought, we have proposed an attendance system based on location using global

positioning(GPS) technology which is implemented on mobile application on

smartphone. The location of a smartphone which can be determined by the GPS. This

location is defined as a key of time and attendance tracking on our paper and the

attendance is taken using Geo-Fence technique which detects whether the location of

the student is within the Geo-Fence area or not.

v

ABSTRAK

Tidak dapat dinafikan, sememangnya aplikasi sistem pakar merupakan satu bidang

yang semakin diberi perhatian kebelakangan ini. Kemajuan di dalam teknologi

berasaskan komputer akhir-akhir ini telah banyak mempengaruhi perkembangan

beberapa bidang lain, dan fenomena ini tidak terkecuali dari melanda keselamatan

persekitaran. Telah lama sistem kehadiran yang dijalankan secara manual dipraktikkan

yang bukan sahaja mengambil banyak masa malah boleh menyebabkan banyak

kesalahan data yang diambil. Sistem pengambilan data kehadiran secara automatik

adalah lebih berkesan dan mempunyai banyak kelebihan seperti mengurangkan

penggunaan kertas dan pen semasa mengambil data. Oleh itu, kami telah mencadangkan

tajuk ini iaitu sistem kehadiran pelajar berdasarkan lokasi menggunaan teknik GPS yang

akan diaplikasikan di telefon pintar. Lokasi telefon pintar akan ditentukan oleh GPS

yang ada pada telefon tersebut.

vi

CONTENTS

PAGE DECLARATION i CONFIRMATION ii DEDICATION iii ABSTRACT iv ABSTRAK v CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 1

1.3 OBJECTIVES 2

1.4 SCOPES 2

1.5 CONCLUSION 3

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION 5

2.2 TECHNIQUES USED FOR ATTENDANCE

SYSTEM

5

2.2.1 Bluetooth Based Attendance System

2.2.2 NFC based Attendance System

2.2.3 Fingerprint based Attendance System

2.2.4 Iris Based Attendance System

2.2.5 Face Recognition based Attendance System

2.2.6 RFID based Attendance System

5 6 6 6 7 7 7

2.3 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

TECHNIQUE

8

2.3.1 History of GPS

2.3.1 How GPS Works

8

9

vii

2.4 Location-Aware Application (Android) 9

2.4.1 Location and Google Play Services 10

2.4.1.1 Receiving Location Updates

2.4.1.2 Geo-Fencing

11

11 2.5 DISCUSSION 11

2.6 CONCLUSION 13

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION 14

3.2 ITERATIVE AND INCREMENTAL MODEL 14

3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase 15

3.2.2 Planning Phase 16

3.2.3 Requirements Phase 17

3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase 17

3.2.5 Implementation and Testing Phase 18

3.2.6 Evaluation Phase 18

3.2.7 Deployment Phase 19

3.3 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

REQUIREMENT

19

3.3.1 Software Requirement 20

3.3.2 Hardware Requirement 21

3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN 22

3.4.1 Framework 23

3.4.2 Context Diagram (CD) 24

3.4.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 24

3.4.4 Data Model - Entity Relationship Diagram

(ERD

26

3.4.5 Data Dictionary 27

3.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY 30

CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING 31

4.1 INTRODUCTION 31

4.2 IMPLEMENTATION 32

viii

4.3 TESTING 41

4.3.1 Test Case 41

4.3.1.1 Test Case Login

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 43

5.1 INTRODUCTION 43

5.2 PROJECT CONTRIBUTION 43

5.3 PROJECT CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATIONS 43

5.4 FUTURE WORK 44

5.5 CONCLUSION 44

REFERENCES 45

ix

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE 2.5 Attendance system techniques 13

x

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE 3.4.1 Framework of the proposed system 23 3.4.2 Context Diagram 24 3.4.3 Data Flow Diagram 25 3.4.4 Entity Relationship Diagram 26 4.2.1 (a) Login Interface 32 4.2.2 (b) Error Popup Message 32 4.3.1 (a) Home Interface 34 4.3.1 (b) List of subjects 34 4.3.1 (c) Selecting Subject 35 4.3.1 (d) Activating a subject 35 4.3.1 (e) Selecting Subject 36 4.3.1 (f) Summary Report 36 4.3.1 (g) Closing An Attendance 37 4.3.2 (a) Home Interface 38 4.3.2 (b) Selecting Subject 38 4.3.2 (c) Submitting An Attendance 39 4.3.2 (d) Home Interface 39 4.3.2 (e) List of Class 40 4.3.2 (f) Attendance Details 40

xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS

CD Context Diagram DFD Data Flow Diagram ERD Entity Relationship Diagram FYP Final year project

xii

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Today, Electronic Attendance or also called as E-attendance is well

known by the entire world. It functions in an accurate way on recording the

working hours which is important for some particular system such as payroll

system. Besides that, E-attendance provides a better data integrity and ease of

use for users to manage. It works fast and accurate in terms of processing

performance.

As for this project, Attendance System Based on Location Using GPS

Technology works as an E-attendance concept but in the other way, which is by

using an android application to identify and record the student daily attendance

for each lecture they have attended. This project is proposed to manage and

reduce the current problems faced by the lecturers and students in a systematic

and structured method.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Every organization whether it be an educational institution or business

organization, have to maintain a proper record of attendance of students or

employees for the organization to function effectively. Designing a better

2

attendance management system for students so that records be maintained with

ease and accuracy was an important key motivation of this project. This would

improve accuracy of attendance records because it will remove all the hassles of

roll calling and will save valuable time of the students and lecturers as well. One

of the problems that we face by using the current version of attendance system

which is formal or informal paper attendance sheet is quite inconvenient. The

data recorded could be easily manipulated or worst could be stolen, lost,

misplaced somewhere.

1.3 OBECTIVES

The objectives of this project are :

• To study about several ways of recording student’s attendance.

• To design a convenient application for recording student’s attendance.

• To record an attendance using Global Positioning System (GPS)

1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The proposed system will be capable of maintaining the efficiency of

every attendance record using GPS technology. The proposed system also has

the capability of recording the attendance of students by just being present and

being within the range or radius of the lecturer. This system is designed to be

used by students and lecturers at educational institutions. The software requires

3

smartphones and internet connection to run perfectly. Therefore, network failure

is something that we cannot avoid hence it is the limitation of this system.

1.5 CONCLUSION

This system is predicted to be able to send and retrieve data to and from

the server respectively and the attendance will be successfully recorded if all the

criteria met. This system can also be used at any devices and on any Operating

System and hopefully it works with full functionality and meets the requirement

of the specified user.

4

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The literature review is a process to read, analyze, evaluate, and

summarize the scientific material in respect of any topic (1). To come up with

all the elements in Attendance System Based on Location Using GPS

Technology, a review of the related literature was conducted by gathering

information from the research papers and journals. Therefore, this chapter will

cover some the discussion and idea from previous research

2.2 TECHNIQUES USED FOR ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

2.2.1. Bluetooth Based Attendance System

This attendance system can take attendance with the help of Bluetooth

technology. In this technique attendance get marked using the lecturer’s

mobile phones. Software is being installed in lecturer’s mobile phone

and it connects with the student’s mobile phone via Bluetooth that

transfer MAC (Media Access Control) address to the lecturer’s mobile

phone which confirmed the student’s presence. Advantages of low cost,

low power and robustness of Bluetooth have been exploited to propose

5

and execute two new consumer systems in the form of an electronic

attendance record system (5).

2.2.2. NFC based Attendance System

It uses user’s details and Bluetooth address of the NFC enabled phone

of the user to authenticate the identity. A System installed with Java

application receives the NFC tag ID, information related to mobile

phone and the user. The system submits it to an analyser for the

interpretations of the user’s behaviour. But for this, students must have

NFC enabled phones to mark their attendance for the lecture. It has been

introduced and used in several modern educational institutions where its

services are proved beneficial (6,7,8).

2.2.3. Fingerprint based Attendance System

In this technique students mark their attendance by placing their finger

on the device’s sensor. A microcontroller fit into the handheld device.

An application is used to transfer the student’s data to the device. The

attendance can be retrieved through USB interface and store on the

database. Provides greater portability and reduces need for any specific

biometric hardware, which in turn reduces the hardware cost (9).

6

2.2.4. Iris Based Attendance System

This method uses mathematical patterns- recognition technique on

impression of the irises of an individual’s eye, whose complex

indiscriminate pattern is distinctive and can be seen from some distance.

This technique solves the problem of duplicate attendance. The main

drawback of this system is, it is too expensive and it has to capture the

image from a very short distance so for that reason, students has to stand

in a long queue to mark the presence.

2.2.5. Face Recognition based Attendance System

The system comes with a camera that captures the images of the students

and sends it to the image intensification module. After intensification,

the image comes in the face recognition and detection module and then

attendance gets marked on the database server. With this technique,

marking attendance is very secure and effective as no one can mark the

attendance of another.

2.2.6. RFID based Attendance System

This attendance system allows students to simply mark their attendance

just by swiping their ID cards over the RFID reader, which are located

at the entrance of the lecture hall. The ability of RFID systems to deliver

precise and accurate data about tagged items will improve efficiency and

7

bring other benefits to business community and consumers alike in the

not distant future (10).

2.3 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) TECHNIQUE

GPS or Global Positioning System is a network of orbiting satellites that

send precise details of their position in space back to earth. The signals are

obtained by GPS receivers, such as navigation devices and are used to calculate

the exact position, speed and time at the vehicles location. It is a satellite-based

navigation system consisting of a network of 24 orbiting satellites that are eleven

thousand nautical miles in space and in six different orbital paths. The most

widely used locationing technologies are GPS, Wi-Fi, Cellular, Bluetooth,

Infrared, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Locationing accuracy can

also be improved by combining two or more locationing technologies (4). Every

Organization has a specific location, which is determined by the GPS (11) which

is why this system is proposed to be recording students’ attendance by using the

GPS on both lecturer’s and student’s phone.

2.3.1. History of GPS

The very first GPS system was developed in the 1960s to allow ships in

the US Navy to navigate the oceans more accurately. The first system

had five satellites and allowed ships to check their location once every

hour. GPS is well-known for its military uses and was first developed by

the US to aid in its global intelligence efforts at the height of the Cold

8

War. Today, portable Navigation device devices can give drivers their

precise location to within a few meters, which is accurate enough to

navigate roadways. Military applications have much higher precision so

that a location can be pinpointed within a few centimeters.

2.3.2. How GPS Works

GPS satellites circle the Earth twice a day in a precise orbit. Each

satellite transmits a unique signal and orbital parameters that allow GPS

devices to decode and compute the precise location of the satellite. GPS

receivers use this information and trilateration to calculate a user's exact

location. Essentially, the GPS receiver measures the distance to each

satellite by the amount of time it takes to receive a transmitted signal.

With distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can

determine a user's position and display it electronically.

2.4 Location-Aware Application

One of the unique features of mobile applications is location awareness.

The smartphone is built-in with a GPS receiver, which can receive radio signals

from GPS satellites, respectively (11).Mobile users take their devices with them

everywhere, and adding location awareness to your app offers users a more

contextual experience. Android has two basic ways to determine a user’s

9

location. The first is to use the built-in location APIs that have been available

since Android was first introduced. These still work, but not as well as the newer

location APIs bundled as part of the beast known as Google Play Services. The

Google Play services location APIs are preferred over the Android framework

location APIs (Android location) as a way of adding location awareness to your

app. To interpret the coordinates, the program must be integrated with Google

Maps APIs so that users can view the visual location of the coordinates receive.

A credential is required to use the Google Maps APIs service, which can be

obtained by placing a request through Google console (3).

2.4.1. Location and Google Play Services

The Google Location Services API, part of Google Play Services,

provides a more powerful, high-level framework that automates tasks

such as location provider choice and power management. Location

Services also provides new features such as activity detection that aren’t

available in the framework API. Developers who are using the

framework API, as well as developers who are just now adding location-

awareness to their apps, should strongly consider using the Location

Services API. Google Play Services is a bundle of services and APIs

from Google that we can use for lots of features in Android apps. They

are installed on a majority of devices and run on Android 2.3

(Gingerbread) and up. The location APIs available in Google Play

services facilitate adding location awareness to your app with automated

activity recognition, Geo-Fencing, location tracking, etc.

10

2.4.1.1. Receiving Location Updates

If your app can continuously track location, it can deliver more

relevant information to the user. For example, if your app helps

the user find their way while walking or driving, or if your app

tracks the location of assets, it needs to get the location of the

device at regular intervals. As well as the geographical location

(latitude and longitude), you may want to give the user further

information such as the bearing (horizontal direction of travel),

altitude, or velocity of the device. This information, and more, is

available in the Location object that your app can retrieve from

the fused location provider.

2.4.1.2. Geo-Fencing

Geofencing combines awareness of the user's current location

with awareness of the user's proximity to locations that may be

of interest. To mark a location of interest, you specify its latitude

and longitude. To adjust the proximity for the location, you add

a radius. The latitude, longitude, and radius define a geofence,

creating a circular area, or fence, around the location of interest.

11

2.5 DISCUSSION

Of all the techniques that have been discussed, there are pros and cons

of each of them which has been summarized as shown below, Table 2.5. The

traditional method is concluded as the most inefficient way to record an

attendance. From Table 2.5 we can see that Bluetooth, RFID and NFC

techniques can be categorized as medium level of accuracy as well as efficiency.

However, both biometric and GPS have the same score. Whatever that involves

biometric without a doubt has very high level of security which the data could

not be manipulated easily. However, it is very expensive to be implemented so

that is why the idea of using GPS came across. GPS has a lot of advantages for

example GPS works in all weather so you need not to worry of the climate as in

other navigating devices. Other than that is GPS is extremely easy to navigate

as it tells you your approximate location and the accuracy can be up to within

an average of 1 to 3 meters(2). The most attractive feature of this system is

its100% coverage on the planet and it is low cost which makes it very easy to

integrate into other technologies like cell phone.

12

Table 2.5 : Attendance system techniques

2.6 CONCLUSION

Based on my research I have found that Global Positioning System

(GPS) is the suitable way to be used to record an attendance. Using the

proposed technique is likely to be one of the most efficient ways for attendance

system because compared to other techniques, it is best to be used to prevent

cheating issues, protect the integrity of data with high accuracy and it is also

cost effective.

13

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Methodology is the process, step or stages used to collect information

and data for the purpose of making decisions. The methodology that is suitable

to be implemented in this system is Iterative and Incremental Model from

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The basic idea behind this method is

to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions

at a time (incremental). This chapter explains more about phases that are

involved during the development of this project.

3.2 ITERATIVE AND INCREMENTAL MODEL

The attendance system using tap smart matching algorithm system is

proposed by using Iterative and Incremental Model approach. By using this

approach, it allows me to develop the system phase by phase and it is also

possible return to the previous phase even though the deliverables had been

done. The main advantage of this model is that in case there is any changes

request or enhancements come in between any phase, changes can be

implemented at a very little cost because of the frequency of new increments

that are produced. The phases approach which are, initial planning, planning,

14

requirements, analysis and design, implementation, testing, evaluation and

deployment phase. For each iterations, any additional features can be designed,

developed, implemented and tested until the system is fully functional and ready

to be deployed.

Figure 3.1 : Iterative and Incremental Model

3.2.1. Initial Planning Phase

In this phase, all the activities are plan according to a given period to

complete the system. This phase begins with brainstorming session with

the supervisor to come up with the idea and the title for the project. This

phase begins with the brainstorming session with the supervisor to come

up with the idea and the title for the project. From the brainstorming

session with the supervisor, the title for this project is decided which is

Attendance System Based on Location Using GPS Technology. System

and will implement the Global Positioning System (GPS). Furthermore

15

this system will develop as an android application by using PHP and

MySQL. Next, the existing system and journals related to attendance

system have been selected to be referred as guidelines during

development. Based on researches that have been made, it makes this

system is so much easier to develop.

3.2.2. Planning Phase

After the early study, the planning phase has taken place. In planning,

the problem statements have been defined through several study and

observation. The main discussion of a problem can be defined based on

less efficient way of recording an attendance in most educational

institutions. The objective for this system has been defined where this

system will be platform to record an attendance. Next is this system

focuses on usage of the lecturers and students itself and can be able to

detect whether the person is within the range of location or not. The

existing system also will be a view to get additional information about

attendance system. The existing system is reviewed to know the details

about how attendance are recorded over the years.

16

3.2.3. Requirements Phase

During this phase, existing systems are analysed and all the requirements

that are needed to develop the new system are identified. In this phase,

the information regarding Attendance System Based on Location Using

GPS Technology either in the form of journal, articles or research papers

are gathered and studied. The finding is summarized and analysed to find

the requirement of the system as a functional and non-functional

requirement. The requirement for Attendance System Based on Location

Using GPS Technology are as follows: -.

• Analyse the techniques that have been used to record attendance

over the years.

• The way to implement Global Positioning System (GPS).

• All existing system to be studied and made as references.

3.2.4. Analysis and Design Phase

In this phase, the design of the system is created and the development of

the prototype based on the functionalities that will be built such as add

restaurant, update restaurant, delete restaurant. The data or requirement

obtained during the requirement phase is transformed into a design.

Examples of diagrams that will be builds are Context Diagram (CD),

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) level 0 and 1, Entity Relationship Diagram

(ERD). All of these diagrams are built as a guideline of the flow of the

system. These diagram help me to know more detail about the flow of

17

the system. Later I start to design the interface for the system. I have

referred to several website to gain the inspiration for the interface.

3.2.5. Implementation and Testing Phase

This phase is important because all the coding is coded. Attendance

System Based on Location Using GPS Technology will be built by using

PHP, javascript, and MySql. Firstly, lecturer module will be developed

because the lecturer module is very important because we need to set the

radius of location of the lecturer. Then finally, develop student module

where a student’s location must fall within the radius of location of the

lecturer’s. After completing the lecturer and student module, the module

will be tested to ensure the system is working fully and meets the user

requirement.

3.2.6. Evaluation Phase

In the evaluation phase, Attendance System Based on Location Using

GPS Technology will be evaluated to test whether the objective system

is achieved. Firstly, we will evaluate the location is detected or not and

then the radius of location that has been set. Next is to evaluate whether

the system can record an attendance of students whose their locations

fall within the range set at the lecturers’ phone. Then evaluate whether

18

the GPS technique that was implemented in this system works with full

functionality.

3.2.7. Deployment Phase

Once the evaluation is done, the system is deployed in the environment

so that the targeted user can use the system. The system will be released

to end user to implement whether the application correct functioning or

not.

3.3 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

In the making of this project, software and hardware tools are very

important. The system cannot be developed successfully without these software

and hardware requirements. In order to complete the project, the facilities from

hardware and software must be used. The consumption of these facilities depend

on what already provided or what they have been used before. These are the

details of the requirement for the proposed system. The advantage of this model

is that there is a working model of the system at a very early stage of

development, which makes it easier to find functional or design flaws. Finding

issues at an early stage of development enables to take corrective measures in a

limited budget. Thus, this model is perfect to be used in this system.

19

3.3.1. Software Requirement

No. Software Purpose

1. Atom Software used for developing the

code for function and interface.

2. Microsoft Office 2016

• Microsoft Word

2016

• Microsoft

PowerPoint 2016

Tools that are used for

documentation of the project,

creating report, presentation slide

and making diagram.

3. Adobe Reader Tool that are used to view

documents, journal and research

papers.

4. XAMPP Web Server Local server to run and test the

system and the database

connection.

5. Google Chrome Tool that are used as a platform to

run the system.

6. Dropbox This software is used to store

backup copied in cloud.

7. E-Draw This software to draw a data model

8. Mock Flow This software is used to design a

prototype/idea of user interface

design.

9. PhoneGap Software used for developing the

code for function and interface of

application mobile.

20

3.3.2. Hardware Requirement

No. Hardware Description

1. Laptop Macbook Air

1.8 GHz Processor

256GB Storage

2. Printer Model: Canon Pixma E510

Function: To print all the needed document and

report.

3. External Hard

Disk

Model: Seagate 1TB.

Function: To store all the data and act as a

backup for the project.

21

3.4 SYSTEM DESIGN

The framework and design for Attendance System Based on Location

Using GPS Technology such as framework, context diagram (CD), data flow

diagram (DFD) level 0 and entity relationship diagram (ERD) are explained in

detailed. Data modelling is required to facilitate the interaction between system

designer, programmer and end-user. Making an early modelling can help to

identify the needs, problem and possible solutions during the project. All design

in data modelling is focused because this data model will determine on how the

flow of the system. But the more important is CD because it will show which

entities that interact with the system. In ERD it shows the relationship between

the entity and the system.

3.4.1. Framework

Figure 3.4.1 shows the framework of Attendance System Based on

Location Using GPS Technology. This framework describes how users

which is the lecturer and the student specifically interact with the system

where they have to send the parameters to the server for the server to do

its job. The lecturer will have to enter the subject info, time when the

class starts and time when the class has ended whereas students just have

to logon into the system and select the lecture class of that particular

time. Students will be considered attending the class when the location

of the student or technically their mobile phones fall within the range or

radius of location of the lecturers’ and when all other criteria met such

as student ID.

22

Figure 3.4.1 : Framework of the proposed system

3.4.2. Context Diagram (CD)

Figure 4.3.2 shows the context diagram of this system or in other words

it shows process flow of what entering and leaving the system. It

describes the main process for the system. There are 2 types of users

involved in this system which are Lecturer and Student. The context

diagram will explain more about the flow between the two users and

what they are capable to do within their own authorization.

23

Figure 3.3.2 : Context Diagram

3.4.3. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Process 1.0: Login.

This module allows lecturer and student to login into the system and use

the system. The users need to enter their username and password before

using the system. This will ensure that only authorized users will have

the access to enter the system.

Process 2.0: Choose Subject And Enter Time.

In this module, only the lecturer will be involved. After the lecturers

have logged on, the will have to choose that particular subject and their

start and end time. Subject information will be retrieved from D4

Subject and the time entered will be stored in D5 Attendance.

24

Process 3.0: Processing

This module happens when all the criteria met to consider the attendance

of the student. If there are no errors occur, the attendance will be stored

in D5 Attendance.

Figure 3.4.3 : Data Flow Diagram

25

3.4.4. Data Model - Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Entity relationship diagram (ERD) is data model representation for

describing the data or information involved in the system. It helps to

organize the data in the system into entities and relationships between

the entities. This process has proved to enable the analyst to produce a

good database structure so that the data can be stored and retrieved in

efficient manner. From the figure 3.4.4 it shows that the system has 7

tables which are attendance, session, subject, lecturer, student, teach and

programme. Attendance and Teach are composite entity. The

relationship between the tables are connected by foreign key.

Figure 3.4.4 : Entity Relationship Diagram

26

3.4.5. Data Dictionary

1. TABLE ATTENDANCE

2. TABLE LECTURER

3. TABLE PROGRAMME

4. TABLE SESSION

5. TABLE STUDENT

6. TABLE SUBJECT

7. TABLE TEACH

3.4.5.1. Attendance Table Structure

3.4.5.2. Lecturer Table Structure

Table 3.4.5.1

Table 3.4.5.2

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3.4.5.3. Programme Table Structure

3.4.5.4. Session Table Structure

3.4.5.5. Student Table Structure

Table 3.4.5.3

Table 3.4.5.4

Table 3.4.5.5

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3.4.5.6. Subject Table Structure

3.4.5.7. Teach Table Structure

Table 3.4.5.6

Table 3.4.5.7

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3.5. CHAPTER SUMMARY

In this chapter, we describe the methodology used by Attendance System Based

on Location Using GPS Technology which is the iterative and incremental

model. It also explains the hardware and software requirement that are used in

this project that was guided to ensure this project is carried out flawlessly.

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CHAPTER IV

IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Implementation and testing are executed for ensuring the system are

developed according to user requirement. And it also a process of defining how

the information system should be built like physical system design. To achieve

the main objective of the system, few testing approaches have been done. These

include unit testing, integration testing, and system testing.

.

4.2 IMPLEMENTATION

4.2.1. Interface Design

• Login

Figure 4.2.1(a) shows the login interface for both lecturer and

student. Users are required to login first before he/she can access to the

system. An alert message will pop up if the ID and password are not

similar in the database.

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Figure 4.2.1 (a) : Login Interface

Figure 4.2.2 (b) : Error Popup Message

32

• Lecturer’s interfaces

After user has logged in to the system, the lecturer will be

brought to the page as shown in Figure 4.3.1 (a). Three menus will appear

on lecturer’s homepage at the bottom of the screen. Lecturer get to view

all subjects they are teaching during the semester as shown in Figure

4.3.1 (b). The second menu is where the lecturer will activate a certain

subject and initialize his/her location. However all details related to the

subject are required to be filled in first as shown in Figure 4.3.1 (d). Once

the lecturer clicks on the submit button, the subject will be activated and

the location of where the subject is activated is sent to the server. The

third menu which is the ‘Report’ menu is where the lecturer get to see

the summary and the record of the attendance. Figure 4.3.1 (g) shows

that when the lecturer clicks on close attendance, the subject will be

deactivated thus students can no longer submit their attendance.

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Figure 4.3.1 (a) : Home Interface

Figure 4.3.1 (b) : List of subjects

34

Figure 4.3.1 (c) : Selecting Subject

Figure 4.3.1 (d) : Activating a subject

35

Figure 4.3.1 (e) : Selecting Subject

Figure 4.3.1 (f) : Summary Report

36

• Student’s interfaces

When a student has logged on into the application, the same

homepage as lecturer’s will appear except that student’s homepage

will have only two menus a shown in Figure 4.3.2 (a). Students will

only get to choose the subject that has been activated to submit their

attendance, Figure 4.3.2 (b). The student will be brought to the page

where the student will get to submit his/her attendance if the main

two conditions are met which is number one, the subject is activated

and number two the student’s location is within the lecturer’s.

Figure 4.3.1 (g) : Closing An Attendance

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Figure 4.3.2 (a) : Home Interface

Figure 4.3.2 (b) : Selecting Subject

38

• Interface design of web application Lecturers will have their own portal where they can check on

further details of the attendance of each class.

Figure 4.3.2 (c) : Submitting An Attendance

Figure 4.3.2 (d) : Home Interface

39

Figure 4.3.2 (e) : List of Class

Figure 4.3.2 (f) : Attendance Details

40

4.3 TESTING

4.3.1 Test Cases

A test case is a set of a condition under which a tester will determine

whether an application, software system or one of its features is working

as it was originally established for it to do. The process of doing test cases

can help to find out problems on the system requirements. In a test case, it

consists of a component which describes an input, action or event and an

expected response. All of these are used to determine the application

software system are function properly. The tables below show the test

cases for the several processes of the system.

4.3.1.1 Test case login

Step Action Expected

Response

Pass/Fail Comment

1 Fill “user ID”

field

Validate the

field

Pass Default after logging

in

2 Fill “password”

field

Validate the

field

Pass Invalid password will

not be allowed access

3 Click “login”

button

Login to

homepage

Pass Invalid user

ID/password will

remain in same page

Pre-condition: The admin must be already being in the database for access in the

system.

41

Pre-condition: The admin must login to access this system.

42

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses on project contribution, constraints of the project

and its development, future works that can be taken into consideration.

5.2 PROJECT CONTRIBUTION

This system is developed to provide convenience to the user focusing on

student and lecturer in recording an attendance in the most sufficient way.

Global Positioning System technique is used to ensure that the attendance is

taken precisely and to reduce cheating issues. Without GPS technology

attendance can also be taken in many other ways however there are pros and

cons in each technique which has already been stated on chapter 3.

5.3 PROJECT CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATION

Generally, project constraint and limitation is something about obstacles

and limit of the system. Before the objective of development of Attendance

System Based on Location Using GPS Technology almost achieved, there are

few constraints like failing in time management for building the application. Too

43

much time was spent on other where else and I could rely on catch up the entire

task in really late time.

5.4 FUTURE WORKS

In the future, there are still a lot of features can be added into this system.

Firstly, the pagination function should be built for a better and friendly view of

users towards this system. Next, every process of entering data into the system

needs to have an efficient and accurate verification process. Then, about the

conditions, this system can only compare two conditions. It is suggested for

future works, the conditions or validations can be added more hence improving

the convexity of the system. In addition, this system can be enhanced by adding

more information about the students details and subject details.

5.5 CONCLUSIONS

It is found that the Global Positioning System is suitable for Attendance

System where it can record an attendance based on the conditions set. Since the

place of activating the subject is flexible, the class can be held anywhere thus

makes learning environment much more interesting.

44

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