Auburn University Science in Motion

“Microdensity of Plastics”

Introduction:

•Density is used to identify substances.•Density is found by measuring mass by volume.

•Density = volumemass

Density can be determined by comparison. A low density object will float on top of high density

liquid. A high density object will sink to the bottom of a low

density liquid. If the density of the object is equal to the density of the

liquid, the object will be suspended; neither sinking nor floating.

The density of the object can be determined indirectly by measuring the density of liquid.

Recycling Code

Abbreviation

Type of Plastic Density (g/mL)

1 PETE PolyEthylene Terephtalate

1.39

2 HDPE High Density PolyEthylene

0.95-0.97

3 PVC PolyVinyl Chloride 1.30-1.34

4 LDPE Low Density PolyEthylene

0.92-0.94

5 PP PolyPropylene 0.90-0.91

6 PS PolyStyrene 1.05-1.07

7 Other varies varies

Purpose:

• Determine the density of a small piece of plastic and used the density to identify the type of plastic.

Equipment/Materials:

•4 inch test tube•Known plastic•Unknown plastic•Micropipet•Micropipet tips

•Parafilm•Dropper bottle of saturated KI•Dropper bottle of methanol•Dropper bottle of distilled water•Weigh boats•Analytical balance

Safety:

•Always wear goggles in the chemistry lab•Never eat or drink in the chemistry lab.•Avoid any contact with chemicals.•Wash hands after conducting lab.

Procedure

Obtain dropper bottle of methanol, potassium iodide, and distilled water.

Fill the test tube one-third full of distilled water. Obtain a small piece of a known plastic. Record its recycling code on the data table.

Carefully place the plastic in the water, trying not to create air bubbles on the surface of the plastic.

If bubbles form, gently tap the side of the test tube with your finger to knock the air bubbles off the surface.

If the plastic floats, add a few drops of methanol.

If the plastic sinks, add a few drops of KI solution.

Cover the test tube with Parafilm, and hold it in place with your finger.

Carefully (to avoid forming bubbles) invert it several times until the liquid is thoroughly mixed so that it is homogeneous.

Keep the open end of the test tube covered with the Parafilm to prevent evaporation of the methanol.

Repeat these steps until the plastic is suspended in the solution.

Once the plastic is suspended in the solution, the plastic's density is equal to the density of the solution.

To find the density of the solution:Place a weigh boat on the

balance and tare (rezero) the balance.

Put a clean tip on the micropipette and remove 1.000 mL of the solution from the test tube; dispense the liquid into the weigh boat.

Quickly record the mass of the solution on the data table.

Known Plastic:

Recycling code of your plastic

Mass of solution (g)

Volume of solution (mL)

Density of solution (g/mL)

Density of plastic (experimental value) (g/mL)

Density of plastic (accepted value) (g/mL)

Repeat the procedure for a piece of plastic with an unknown density. Record the data for the unknown plastic on the data table.

Unknown plastic:

Letter code of unknown plastic (from label)

Mass of solution (g)

Volume of solution (mL)

Density of solution (g/mL)

Density of plastic (experimental value) (g/mL)

Accepted value of density of plastic (g/mL)

Recycling code of unknown plastic

Rinse the used micropipette tips, test tubes and weigh boats with water. Return all unused samples and solutions to the appropriate reagent bag.