Techniques and principles in Language Teaching

By Liseth Chica

Audiolingual Method - Principles The context helps to introduce language forms Languages have different linguistic systems Teacher have to provide good examples so the students can follow it People make habits and when a word is repeated they will made an habit An incorrect word can make a bad habit The communication is again the main point of learning A good treat makes good habits Teachers have to teach different skills (picture and spoken) Students need to have patter practice so then students can form habits When students have already understand is perfect to ask questions Teachers have to be special leaders so students are comfortable The teachers have to present new vocabulary through dialog The objective is not memorize rules, the rules have to be through examples Students need to know where they can have problems before doing it The first thing students have to understand is the listening Students need to know about the culture so teachers have to give information about it

Audiolingual Method -Techniques

Dialog memorization.- conversation include sentence patterns and grammar points, students memorize two parts of the dialogs and then they share to the class

Backward buildup.- is used when students have problems with a long line, the teacher divides the sentence and students repeat part by part

Repetition drill.- students have to repeat the teachers’ model as fast as possible. Chain drill.- students give their responses one by one Single-slot substitution drill.- the teacher says a line and a different phrase and students

have to substitute. Multiple slot substitution drill.- teacher gives more phrases and students have to find

which one fit. Transformation drill.- teachers give a sentence and students have to transform into a

negative, reported speech etc. Question and answer drill.- teachers have to ask questions fast and then student can do

it too Use of minimal pairs.- students have to find differences between two similar sound

words Complete the dialog.- students have to fill with missing words in the blank spots Grammar game.- grammar has to be through games

Role of the Student Role of the Teacher

Audiolingual Method

Students have to answer questions fastThey need to imitate when teacher repeat They make conversations with their

classmatesThey need to see the teacher as a leader They need to follow teacher instructionsStudents have to change the form of

sentences Students replace and rephrase sentences

Teachers have to get the control Teachers have to be a good imitation Teachers must provide the model of

pronunciationTeachers gives words and phrasesTeachers correct student’s errorsTeachers have to be active and

concentrate of students performance

Audiolingual Method Assessment

Students are not going to memorize grammar rules directly, they will learn through examples, teachers will evaluate if the examples they provide are correct.

Teachers will evaluate students pronunciations at the moment students repeat the words.

Silent Way-Principles Is good to begin with something students already now, so they can get confidence Students already know the “know-how” of a language Students think by themselves and not following a model The teacher can realize if students learned or not, just looking actions. Students get self confidence The teacher is in charge for teaching students and they for learn the language The teacher works in what students have already know Students will learn what they already know but in an more advanced phase Silent is an excellent tool for students because they feel confidence to work with other

students. Perception is the top of the pyramid which let students understand the meanings. Students learn working in groups when teacher is in silent Teachers have to be careful of criticizing students Student´s mistakes are excellent for teachers to reinforce classes

Silent Way-Principles part2 Students learn more when they correct themselves During class time students learn their every class mistakes Is important to see progress and teacher have to be patient because everything is in

time If students don’t pay attention they can´t work well in the exercise Repetition is not necessary, students practice a lot with this method Students will increase their knowledge Students work by their own making choices They can apply their techniques freely Teachers and students learn from each other Every class time is a lesson The linguistic structures are in every day classes To change the routines students can make different combinations with sentences The skills work together

Silent Way- Techniques

Sound color chart.- it is a chart that have different block colors according to different sounds

Teachers silence.- teacher helps only when is necessary Peer correction.- students help each other in a cooperative way. Rods.- they help students to be creative and words clearer, they can be used from

the beginning level until the harder ones, and also they can be used to make family trees.

Self-correction gestures.- teachers can make signals or can use specific objects to find the source of problems students have

Word chart.- helps to have a good pronunciation because words are colored according to its pronunciation

Fidel charts.- it is a chart that separate words by its pronunciation Structured feedback.- it is about how do the students feel during the class, if

they have doubts, the teacher have just to listen and give direction when necessary.

Role of the Student Role of the Teacher

Silent Way

Students have all the responsibility to learn and make choices

Students have already knowledge and they will learn how to improve it

Students are obligated to pay attention to do a better work

Students learn to work in groups and to share opinions

Students learn to interact with other integrants and to suggest alternatives

Teachers must be in silent for a better development in students

Teachers can help only when is necessary

Teachers facilitate learning Teachers have to observe

students developmentTeachers should see progress

in class Teachers should be creative

Silent Way Assessment Teachers will evaluate students when they see progress in

the class The evaluation to students is going to be when they learn

more vocabulary since the beginning of the class Teachers will evaluate how students work in groups