august 2008 nomenclature and anatomy of flowers modified by georgia agriculture education curriculum...
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August 2008
Nomenclature and Anatomy of Flowers
Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office June 2002
August 2008
A complete flower has 4 parts present
• sepals
• petals
• stamens
• pistils
August 2008
Sepal
• One of the outermost flower structures• Commonly small, green, leaflike
structures• When the sepals and petals appear the
same (such as lilies), they are called tepals
• Collective word for sepals and petals is called perianth
August 2008
Petals
• Usually conspicuously colored
• Collectively called the corolla
• Normally positioned between sepals and inner flower parts
August 2008
Stamens
• Threadlike extensions that stand upright from the perianth
• Male reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the anther and the filament
August 2008
Pistils• Female reproductive parts of a flower
• Consists of the stigma, style, and ovary
August 2008
Types of Flower Structure
• Solitary
• Inflorescence
August 2008
Solitary Flowers
• Flowers that form singly on upright stalks
• Ex: tulips, roses, daffodils
August 2008
Inflorescence
• A flower that is made up of several florets
• Flowers have a branching pattern from the main stem
• The main stalk of an inflorescence is a peduncle, stalks that support the florets are called pedicels
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Has an elongated inflorescence on the main stem.
• Ex: liatris, gladiolus
Spike:
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Similar to a spike except florets aren’t directly attached to the stem
• Ex: delphinium
Raceme:
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Has a flat top or slightly convex shape
• Has main stem with pedicels of unequal length
• Ex: yarrow
Corymb:
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Broad and flat topped• Has divisions that
arise below a terminal flower
• Ex: Bird of Paradise
Cyme:
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Flower cluster that is easily recognized
• Simple umbel has single pedicelled flowers all arising from the top of the main stem. Ex: agapanthus
• Compound umbel has secondary umbels arising from main stem. Ex: Queen Anne’s Lace
Umbel:
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Thick flower spike surrounded by a conspicuous bract.
• The spathe (bract) is often mistakenly identified as the flower
• Ex: Anthurium
Spadix:
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Slender, scaly-bracted inflorescence found on woody plants
• Ex: Willow, alder, birch
Catkin:
August 2008
Types of Inflorescence
• Short, dense cluster of flowers in a flat pattern
• Ex: sunflowers
Head Flower:
August 2008
Leaf Parts
• Blade
• Petiole
• Stipules
August 2008
Leaf Types
• Simple leaf: leaf with a single blade
• Compound leaf: leaf with more than one blade (leaflets)
August 2008
Leaf Vein Patterns• Vein patterns in
leaf blades are called venation
• Types– parallel– palmate– pinnate
August 2008
Leaf Shapes
• Basic outline of the blade make up the shape of the leaf
• Ex: oblong, linear, pelate, elliptic
August 2008
Leaf Margins
• Edge of the leaf blade is called a margin
• The appearance of the margin can affect the texture of a design
• Ex: entire, undulate, serrate, lobed
August 2008
Assignment
• With a partner:– Make a PowerPoint or Prezzi about the types
of flowers and leaves discussed– Find at least 3 pictures/examples of each