august 31, 2011 issue

Duke Dining reduces MOP delivery hoursby Anna Koelsch

THE CHRONICLE

Next time you have a lunchtime craving for Jimmy John’s, think again—Merchants on Points can now only be used at night.

The Merchants on Points program re-cently limited the hours when students can use food points for delivery. Students can now order from select off-campus restaurants no earlier than 7 p.m. on weekdays, said Rick Johnson, assistant vice president for housing and dining. Some eateries that cannot meet the new dining expectations may be cut from the program, though at least one eatery will be added to MOP. The newest off-campus vendor to join—Dunkin’ Donuts—should be available for students to order from within the next couple of weeks, Johnson said.

For the past three years, Duke has allowed restaurants to set their own hours during weekdays for students to order and use food points, Johnson said. The change in hours of-ficially began Monday, Aug. 29, though ven-dors may still set their hours for MOP deliver-ies on weekends.

“Last year the decision was made to bring [MOP] back to its original intent—late-night dining,” Johnson said. “We didn’t get the message out to vendors.... The vendors were not ready. This year we’re implementing the changes.”

Johnson said MOP brought in about $3 million in revenue last year—roughly 10 per-cent of the $30 million total raised by din-ing. Duke Dining now requires participating MOP vendors to deliver food between 7 p.m. and midnight during weekdays, though eat-eries may continue delivering later than mid-night, Johnson said. He acknowledged that TYLER SEUC/THE CHRONICLE

Jasmin Aldridge, a senior, picks up food from Randy’s Pizza, a Merchants on Points vendor. Under the new program policy, the time window for deliveries will not open until 7 p.m. on weekdays.

Famed author criticizes NC eugenics past

by Chinmayi SharmaTHE CHRONICLE

North Carolina holds the title of the last state to end the practice of eugenics.

Edwin Black, author of “War Against the Weak,” spoke at the Freeman Center for

Jewish Life Tuesday about eugenics—the pseudo-sci-ence of manipulating the genetics of a population to favor certain traits and minimize the prevalence of others for the betterment of society —and its role in North Carolina’s history. Following World War II, the term was applied to

the Nazi goal of creating a master race. Be-fore the practice ended, most researchers estimated 65,000 people were sterilized un-der mandated sterilization programs in the United States.

“The concept of eugenics was conceived here, on American soil, two to three decades before Hitler rose to power,” Black said. “The local tragedy of eugenics in North Carolina is actively connected to the Nazi movement in a genocide the state committed against its own people.”

Recently, North Carolina has experienced heated debates as researchers and historians are pointing fingers at the state for having

Edwin Black

Fuqua to partner with Kazakhstan business school

Research retractions raise important issues for scientists

by Lauren CarrollTHE CHRONICLE

The Fuqua School of Business is once again expanding its horizons—this time to Kazakhstan.

Fuqua—whose presence extends from Durham to China, India, Russia and sev-eral other nations —recently entered into an agreement with Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan. Through the part-nership, Fuqua will help NU to develop the Nazarbayev Business School and its MBA pro-gram, the partnership’s developers wrote in a combined email Monday.

Jennifer Francis, senior associate dean for programs and Douglas and Josie Breeden professor, and Valerie Hausman, assistant dean of global business development and ex-ecutive education, are the Fuqua administra-

tors developing the program. “Fuqua believes that in order to effect

change in the world, it is important to actively engage in the regions of the world that mat-ter,” Francis and Hausman said. “We will be involved to the extent that we can help pro-mote innovation and critical thinking around global business issues. This is consistent with our global strategy.”

Fuqua administrators anticipate that the NU MBA program will begin September 2012.

Graduates of the Nazarbayev Business School will be granted an NU degree—not a Duke or a joint degree, Francis and Haus-man said.

Fuqua will be appropriately compensated

by Melissa DalisTHE CHRONICLE

Scholarly research is being ques-tioned at unprecedented levels, due to increasingly critical review processes and recent, high-profile retractions.

During the last 10 years, the number of papers published in research journals has risen 44 percent, but the number of papers

retracted has skyrocketed by more than 15 times, according to a recent story published by The Wall Street Journal.

“The article says that the core basis of science is trust,” said Tom Katsou-leas, dean of the Pratt School of En-gineering. “I would say that trust is an important piece, but the first thing is

reproducibility.... Gradually, the scien-tific truth comes out.”

He added that retractions are the re-sult of a more thorough review process as well as scientists replicating experi-ments in order to test and possibly in-validate published data.

“More people are looking at other people’s work, so things are coming through the surface more often,” said Dr. Robert Califf, vice chancellor for clinical research and director of the Duke Translational Medicine Institute. “I don’t think it’s that people have got-ten more dishonest.”

More highly publicized retractions have shed light on questionable re-search and led reviewers to implement

SEE MOP ON PAGE 8 SEE BLACK ON PAGE 8

SEE KAZAKHSTAN ON PAGE 7SEE RETRACTIONS ON PAGE 6

news analysis

The ChronicleTHE INDEPENDENT DAILY AT DUKE UNIVERSITY

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 2011 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH YEAR, ISSUE 5WWW.DUKECHRONICLE.COM

McCallie refl ects on McCallie refl ects on legendary coach’s illness, legendary coach’s illness, Page 9Page 9

Duke Buzz site Duke Buzz site taken down, taken down, Page 4Page 4

ONTHERECORD“...the punch line, if there is one, is that American religios-

ity is either stable or slowly declining.” —Professor Mark Chaves on religion in America. See Q&A page 5

2 | WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 2011 THE CHRONICLE

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Learning in a Digital AgePerkins Library Rare Book Room, 4-6p.m. Professor Cathy Davidson will sign books.

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WASHINGTON, D.C. — Less than two months on the job and Defense Secre-tary Leon Panetta has put his foot on a Pentagon third-rail issue by saying he is willing to look at reform of the 100-year-old military retirement system to save money.

SIMON DENYER/THE WASHINGTON POST

Nizar Mhani, a 30-year-old oral surgeon and an underground activist, takes part in erecting a wall in the former Green Sqaure, now called Martyrs’ Square. People have been putting photographs on the white laminated wall, which serves as a memorial to those who died during the uprising.

BENGHAZI, Libya — Moammar Gad-hafi’s wife and three of his children have apparently fled across the border into Algeria, underscoring how much of Libya has slipped out of the control of the for-mer autocrat, who ruled the country for about 42 years.

Panetta willing to review military retirement reform

Gadhafi’s wife and three children flee to Algeria

For geology nut Carolyn McPherson, last week’s earthquake was “better than Christmas.”

For two years, a tiny seismometer on the floor of McPherson’s basement laun-dry room in Charlottesville, Va., sat inert next to a stack of boxes crammed with rocks and fossils. The matchbox-size white plastic box recorded nary a tremble.

But at 1:51 p.m. Tuesday, the seismom-eter sprang to life as a magnitude-5.8 quake shuddered across the region. When McPherson and her husband, Mike, checked their computer, they saw what she called a “nice set of tracings”; spiky blue, green and yellow lines displaying the earthquake’s jostling in three dimensions.

”We let out a cheer,” said McPherson, 65, a retired English professor, who added that she would have felt differently in the end if the quake had caused more damage.

Via McPherson’s computer, the de-vice sent a signal to Stanford University.

Quake activates ‘citizen science’ seismometer

“Despite having as many as 12 scholar-ship players held out of practice at some points during camp, Cutcliffe mentioned that the team did not allow the injuries to affect their morale. They showed up willing and ready to work everyday due in large part to the senior leadership of the team. ”

— From The Blue Zonebluezone.dukechronicle.com

onthe web

CORRECTION In the print edition of the August 26 article “Traveling with the Blue Devils,” T.J. Parekh was incorrectly identifi ed as a fi fth grader. He is a fourth grader. The Chronicle regrets the error.

THE CHRONICLE WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 2011 | 3

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Q A&&AA ithwith Edwin BlackBefore speaking at the Freeman Center for Jewish Life Tues-

day night, author Edwin Black sat down with The Chroni-cle’s Caroline Fairchild to discuss his book, “War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race.” Black shared with us how his book relates to compen-sation for state-sponsored sterilization—an issue currently being discussed by the North Carolina legislature—and how state-sponsored eugenics relates to World War II and Adolf Hitler’s campaign against the Jewish population.

The Chronicle: State-sponsored eugenics and compensation for state-sponsored sterilization is now before the North Carolina legislature. Can you tell me what your book contributes to this discussion?

Edwin Black: My book shows how the local atroci-ties in North Carolina were organically linked to Hit-ler, the war against the Jews and the Holocaust. It was genocide when it started—they knew [sterilization] was genocide, and it continued even after World War II. Duke is deeply implicated and vectored into this process. Ironically, the sad story of what happened in North Carolina echoes into the ovens of Auschwitz. My book documents this through a series of dismal night-mares. North Carolina was the last to stop this process, and I believe it will be the first to offer compensation. Its place in history will be transmogrified in history as one of darkness to that of light.

TC: As the debate stands right now, what do you think North Carolina legislature should do to address the issue?

EB: The state of North Carolina can attempt to make a down payment on compensation. There were 8,000 victims in total, but they will never be able to compensate the real victims because I am speaking for the never born. They are not with us. You will not find them. We must make compensation to show the gravity of the crime.... We want them to move forward with the legislation, but they are asking, ‘Why are we find-ing out about this now?’ It’s because the institutions responsible for exposing the crime were all responsible

for perpetrating the crime. This was not a crusade of men in white sheets burning crosses—this was a cru-sade of women and men in white lab coats in three-

piece suits in broad daylight working not in dead light but in the bright light of legislative session.

TC: The movie trailer for your book says that ad-vocates of eugenics and sterilization consider them-selves liberals, progressives and utopians who envision a world with one master race. What would the world be like if this was achieved?

EB: No one would exist but people who resembled themselves. We would have arrived in utopia.... Utopia means nowhere in Greek. The Greek philosophers who originated the term knew it could never be achieved. There is no way that the men and women of eugenics could’ve achieved their goal of creating a master race in a master society by eliminating 90 percent of the war. Then who would drive them where they had to be driven? Who would give the great ideas? Where would that come from? The question of what the world would be is as fictitious as trying to get there. This is what the blind and fake science shows and history shows. Hitler could not make it happen.

TC: One of the tag-lines of “War Against the Weak” is: “It began on Long Island and ended at Aushwitz...and yet it never really stopped.” What do you mean by that statement?

EB: It never stopped because [of] all the organiza-tions that sponsored eugenics. Various university de-partments—mainly after World War II—changed the name from eugenics to genetics, except in North Caro-lina where they continued to sterilize individuals into the 1970s. And it was not just sterilization—they had concentration camps, they had marriage voiding and marriage prohibition.

TC: What would you like Duke undergraduate stu-dents to get out of your discussion?

EB: I hope that they understand that Hitler’s war against the Jews was actually a part of a larger war against all of humanity. The austerities that affected the local people in North Carolina were connected to the Holocaust, not only in theory but in contempora-neous observation.

IRINA DANESCU/THE CHRONICLE

Author Edwin Black delivers a speech at the Freeman Center for Jewish Life Tuesday evening, discussing his new book.


Fall 2011 Political Science Courses Do you want to learn about China or State Failure or Political Parties in a small-class setting?

We have several courses, including:

POLSCI 110 American Political Parties WF 10:05-11:20 Professor Kyle Scott

POLSCI 117 Asian Politics TTH 4:25-5:40 Professor Jae Shin

POLSCI 137 Campaigns and Elections WF 11:40-12:55 Professor Kyle Scott

POLSCI 144 Force and Statecraft MW 10:05-11:20 Professor Kristen Harkness

POLSCI 166 Congress and the President WF 11:40-12:55 Professor Daniel Magleby

POLSCI 168 Analysis of Political Decision Making TTH 10:05-11:20 Professor David Skarbek

POLSCI 177B American Constitutional Development TTH 10:05-11:20 Professor Guy Charles

POLSCI 179 US Comparative State Politics MW 10:05-11:20 Professor Kerry Haynie

POLSCI 182 China and the World TTH 11:40-12:55 Professor Jae Shin

Special Topics Courses:

POLSCI 199D.02 Pirates, Privateers and Power MW 1:15-2:30 Professor Kristen Harkness This course examines the complex historical relationships between states and privatized maritime violence (piracy, privateering, and maritime terrorism). Topics include Ancient Rome and Pompey’s campaign against Mediterranean piracy, French and English privateering in the Hundred Years War, great power competition in the Caribbean, privateering and war in early America, the Barbary Wars, and modern piracy and the threat of maritime terrorism.

POLSCI 199BS Democracy and Social Choice TTH 4:25-5:40 Professor Emerson Niou This course is designed to focus on basic questions about the impact of political institutions in democratic states. The topics of interest include electoral systems, representative districting, th e timing of elections, executive responsibility in presidential and parliamentary systems, party formation, etc.

POLSCI 199CS Modeling Economic and Social Systems TH 10:05-12:35 Professor Scott deMarchi This course will explore how to model human behavior in the substantive areas of economics, political science, and sociology. The focus will be on the skills needed to do original research.

PS299DS.05 Law and Politics in the Global Economy M 2:50-5:20 Professor Tim Buthe Seminar for juniors and seniors. Examines the relationship between political power, economic power, and law in the world economy. Specific topics include NGOs and multinational corporations in environmental governance, the role of regulations and regulatory failure in the global financial crisis, the politics of food and food safety, antitrust enforcement and its effect on market competition. For juniors and seniors opportunity to write honors paper on any aspect of the relationship btw politics and economics. Counts for PubPol, MMS.

Low traffic dooms online calendar Duke Buzzby Karina Santellano

THE CHRONICLE

The Buzz has gone silent.The Office of Undergraduate Educa-

tion has taken down the online student calendar, Duke Buzz, due to a low rate of student use, administrators said. With the elimination of Buzz, the Office seeks to expand usage of the existing, though re-designed, Events@Duke online calendar. The new version of the calendar will be launched Sept. 7.

“Last [Fall], the Office of Student Ac-tivities and Facilities collected data from students about the use of the Buzz student calendar and concluded that there was not widespread awareness or use of Buzz among Duke students,” said Deborah John-son, the assistant vice provost and director of student administrative services. “Thus, they recommended shutting down the Buzz calendar.”

The Buzz URL now redirects to Events@Duke.

Budget cuts were not the primary con-cern in ending Duke Buzz, said Susan Kauffman, director of communications for the office of undergraduate education. Kauffman also solicited student input for the new Events@Duke calendar.

The Buzz system’s software was free, she said, adding that the operators of the site were instead just concerned that student us-age did not justify the site’s maintenance.

“Even the students who helped us design it didn’t use it,” Kauffman said. “Some people aren’t using it [in the age of social media].”

On average, there were about 400 visits per day to the Buzz calendar website, John-son said. There is an average of about 1,200 visits per day to Events@Duke.

“I never knew about Duke Buzz,” soph-

omore Melanie Sperling said.“I do not think there was enough publicity done for this website.”

Sperling noted, however, that she would have used Duke Buzz if she had known about it.

“I used it once or twice,” junior Adrian-na Oh said. “I felt that it was more like an independent site that no one checked.”

Developed in 2009 by Duke University Union and the Office of Undergraduate Education, Buzz was an offshoot of Duke’s main events calendar, Events@Duke. It aimed to highlight events happening on campus for the student body and to allow for groups small and large to post events on a single student calendar, Kauffman said.

“Duke Student Government came to Steve Nowicki, the dean and vice provost of undergraduate education and I, and said that a student-friendly calendar was need-ed,” she added.

The new form of Events@Duke will fea-ture several interactive changes, Kauffman said. Anyone will be able to post an event on Events@Duke and connect the calendar to Facebook, Twitter and personal calendars by pressing on the “ShareThis” widgets. The redesigned site will also offer special-ized search categories, such as events with free food.

The Duke University Union has adapted to the elimination of Duke Buzz by creat-ing an online calendar at duuke.org that highlights DUU events.

“Ideally, the DUU calendar website will take up the void of the Duke Buzz calendar no longer existing and hopefully market our events,” DUU President Rachel Suss-man, a senior, said.

Student involvement remains a deter-mining factor in the ultimate success of

Events@Duke, Kauffman noted.“Mainly, what we’re hoping is that ev-

eryone—especially students—with a Duke event will post on Events@Duke, so that

we have one centralized place to find out what’s going on,” she said. “A calendar is only as good as its content, which is why widespread participation is crucial.”

TYLER SEUC/THE CHRONICLE

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Q A&&AA ithwith Mark ChavesFor many Americans, religion is on the

decline. According to Duke professor Mark Chaves’ new book “American Religion: Con-temporary Trends,” Americans have less confi-dence in religious leaders and waning interest in worship—despite political rhetoric that can present a misconception about the prevalence of Christianity. The Chronicle’s Chandra Swanson spoke with Chaves, professor of sociol-ogy, religion and divinity, about the new trend in religious beliefs and why he believes faith is taking a backseat.

The Chronicle: First, can you please give an overview of the argument you pres-ent in your new book?

Mark Chaves: Basically, it is about what is changing and what is not chang-ing about American religion. It’s really a factual book, but the punch line, if there is one, is that American religiosity is either stable or slowly declining. There’s a lot of discussion and debate about this. There is nothing, no indicator that traditional re-ligiosity is going up. There are some that are stable, and some indicators are in de-cline. So we’re stable or in slow decline—I think it is slow decline. Of course, some people disagree.

TC: Why is tracking religious trends of interest to you personally? What caused you to pursue this research question?

MC: There’s a lot of misunderstanding out there about American religion, and as a sociologist and social scientist, I like to get those facts straight, and I like to think that the public is getting the facts straight. There’s a lot of misinformation out there. So through the research and the book, I am hoping to help set the public straight and to help keep the public informed.

TC: You highlight the changes within

religious practice. What is an example of an important change?

MC: This is a good example of ambi-guity in the indicators. If you look at the basic belief in God—the people who say that they believe in a god—over 90 per-cent of Americans still believe in God. So for some people, this is a sign of stability, that almost everybody in the U.S. believes in God. Especially in comparison with oth-er countries, that’s a significant percent-age. In 1950s, though, that number was 99 percent. Today, it is 91 percent. Again, you

could look at that and say, “Wow. That’s almost everybody and, decline [in Ameri-can religiosity] or not, that’s almost every-one, that’s stability.” I disagree, though. It is similar to the glass half-full, glass half-empty argument. You could emphasize the fact that it’s 91 percent now or empha-size the 99 percent and the decline from there. This is a pretty good example of the interpretative problem. And there are a lot of indicators of that sort.

TC: What has made you take the stance that religion is in decline?

MC: All things considered, I think that religion is slowing down, in decline, be-cause of the fact that, looking at change, everything is clearly going in the decline direction. Let me give an example: One of indicators is the 18 percent of people who say they have no religion. Ask them, “What’s your religion?” and they say, “Nothing, I have no religion.” More than 80 percent of Americans do. In compari-son to the rest of the world, that’s a sig-nificant number. But in the 1950s, it was 3 percent who had no religion. Those kind of examples, wherever you look, show change in that kind of direction. It’s like global warming or climate change. Maybe one indicator you could discount, but when you take all the indicators into ac-count, it is clearly declining.

TC: Did any of your findings surprise you in particular?

MC: One surprising finding was the increase in percentage of Americans who think that religious leaders should not influence politics. It’s a surprise to me because it is something that has gone on for awhile. In other words, the amount of backlash was surprising. I’ll give you some statistics—in 1991, 30 percent of Ameri-cans disapproved of religious influence in politics. In 2008, 44 percent strongly agreed that religious leaders should not be involved. The majority of Ameri-cans still agree a little bit or strongly of course, but the magnitude of the change surprised me a little bit. Another thing I think is surprising is the megachurch phe-nomenon. Everyone knows about it—it’s been going on since the 1970s probably.

SPECIAL TO THE CHRONICLE

Professor and author Mark Chaves discusses the changing American religious landscape in his book. SEE CHAVES ON PAGE 7


more stringent policies to address fraud, said George Truskey, senior associate dean for research in Pratt and director of undergraduate studies in the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Truskey was also named chair of the department Aug. 10.

“Twenty-five years ago, a scientist would probably dismiss [the idea of a retraction] and say ‘That’s im-possible,’” he said. “But we’ve learned that it’s not im-possible.”

It is mostly incorrect data that accounts for the surge in the number of retractions—73.5 percent of the re-tracted papers were due to incorrect data and only 26.6 percent were a result fraudulent—or falsified—data.

The high percentage of errors may be due to in-creasingly complicated data, Califf said, noting that small errors in computer programs can yield signifi-cant errors in the data.

And though the number of retractions in the scien-tific community has increased overall, the number of retractions is still relatively low in comparison to the number of studies published. According to the study, among the 11,600 peer-reviewed journals considered in the study, 22 retractions occurred in 2001, 139 in 2006 and 339 last year.

In the social sciences, errors often occur when mod-els are incomplete or exclude important variables,

Dean of the Social Sciences Angela O’Rand said.Since studies in the social sciences and humanities

are often more difficult to replicate and less precise, retractions are less common, O’Rand noted.

“If an article is published and makes a mistake, or the model wasn’t good, often the journal publishes the criticism,” she said. “The response becomes a public discourse debate, and the response isn’t so clear cut.”

Damaging dataFalse data can be severely damaging if it is not invali-

dated immediately.“It’s not just an issue of ethical behavior,” Truskey

said. “In the biomedical area, work can have significant consequences on health, and there have been some cases where that has happened.”

Following the retractions of two papers by Dr. Anil Potti, a former Duke cancer researcher, a N.C. law firm began investigating whether the research led to faulty treatment methods for patients, The Chronicle report-ed in February.

Although Califf said the Duke School of Medicine has had some retractions in the past, on average there are zero retractions per year at the school, Califf said, though he added that the past year was an obvious ex-ception.

“We’re amidst one of the biggest retractions in med-ical history,” Califf said. “[Anil Potti] was a co-author on about 40 papers that had original data that was gen-erated at Duke, and we’re in the process of retracting about a third of those papers, and there are another third... being partially retracted.”

Pressure to publishResearchers often face pressure to publish papers

from their superiors, community, peers and their own expectations.

Recruited faculty are expected to teach, research and be leaders in the field, Truskey said.

The social sciences emphasize the quality of research produced more than the quantity of papers published, O’ Rand noted.

“The pressures at a place like Duke aren’t just to do research and publish, but to publish in high-level journals or to publish books that are highly regarded,” she explained. “To get more funding, you have to pub-lish.”

Everyone with a teaching title within Pratt is re-quired to conduct research, Katsouleas said, adding that on average, Pratt faculty members each receive about $615,032 per year in grant research funding.

Research is not only part of a professor’s job de-scription but also a key component when determining promotion, he said.

“One of the pressures is not from the institution but internally from competitive researchers is the desire to

be first,” Katsouleas said. “That creates a tension be-tween being first and being right, and unfortunately, sometimes the core values get corrupted, and it be-comes more important to be first than to be right.”

The “publish or perish” saying, however, is an inap-propriate depiction of the Pratt research environment, he added.

“Faculty here at this level are so intent on making the discovery and competing with their peers to be the group that makes the discoveries that you don’t even think about publishing,” Katsouleas said. “You just think about doing the research, and the publishing is sort of the last step in the process.”

More papers are being published due to other fac-tors as well, including greater funding for research and an increase in collaboration among researchers, which lessens an individual’s workload, he added.

Preventing errors and fraudLeading administrators in Pratt and the Trinity Col-

lege of Arts and Sciences said they do not even remem-ber a Duke study that has been retracted, with the ex-ception of the Potti papers.

If a study were to be retracted, however, adminis-trators said repercussions for the researcher would de-pend on whether the retraction was due to error or fraud.

“If [an article] was [published] early on in the field, someone would probably retract that article and not be particularly judged because of it,” Katsouleas said. “But in cases where they should have known or should have been more careful, then the scientific community would pass judgment and their reputation would be damaged—I think the worst penalty is the damage of reputation.”

Katsouleas added that a pattern of incorrect data leading to retracted papers could potentially affect a professor’s chance for promotion. The appointment committee considering promotion would seriously consider the retraction in the decision process, he said, adding that he has never seen a retraction since he came to Pratt.

Fraudulent data is a more serious—and more dif-ficult to prove—offense, Califf said.

“In general, if it’s proven that you’ve committed fraud on scientific data, that’s grounds for dismissal in almost anybody’s book,” he said. “But proving fraud is a hard thing to do.”

Producing fraudulent data is not only considered an academic misconduct, but it is also illegal if the re-search is being funded by grants or other outside re-sources, Califf added.

“Fraud is a serious problem and one that we all have to watch out for,” he said. “It’s an unfortunate situa-tion, and it’s also one that takes a while to correct it-self. It’s something we need to pay attention to.”

BYTHENUMBERS

44%increase in research publicationssince 2001

1500%increase in publication retractionssince 2001

73.5%of retractions are due to error,rather than intentional fraud

RETRACTIONS from page 1

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What is surprising is when I looked at the concentrations in a dozen different denominations—in every denomina-tion—this concentration is happening. The phenomenon is just the tip of the iceberg of a deeper change where people are switching from smaller churches to larger churches. I’m not certain of other areas, but in the Protestant religions, the extent is surprising. In growing denominations, shrinking denominations, in liberal, in conservative, in every one —the concentration [in mega-churches] is increasing. I think part of the story is an economic story. The economics of running churches shifted in the 1970s. Essentially, it became more and more difficult for smaller churches to maintain quality programming, the quality of the music, youth programs and even preaching. I think that pushed people out of the smaller churches into the larger churches that can still afford the well-organized, quality youth program-ming, for instance.

TC: Is the faith being lost in religious leaders also af-fecting the general sense of spirituality? How have you seen the differences in religion and spirituality in your research?

MC: Yes. One of the things that is going up is the per-centage of people who say that they are spiritual but not religious. And in this, it is difficult to know exactly what people mean. It’s still a minority. And it’s still a majority that say that they are spiritual and religious, if you give them a chance to say that. But the percentage that say that they are spiritual is still going up, especially with young people. I looked at those under 40s, and in 1998, 11 percent of 18- to 39-year-olds reported that they were spiritual. In 2008, it was 18 percent. If what people mean by that is that they don’t really like organized religion, but still think of themselves as spiritual. It’s one way to explain.

TC: Are there any last comments or insights that you would like to share?

MC: I’d just emphasize where we started. This research is focused on setting the record straight, trying to make it clear what is changing and not changing. It’s to put the information out there so that people who want to know will be informed.

CHAVES from page 5

for its role with NU, Francis and Hausman said, though they declined to comment further.

The partnership grew out of Fuqua’s existing relation-ship with Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States—a regional group of former Soviet countries, of which Kazakhstan is the largest. Fuqua has been developing its re-lationship with the country since 2009, and the agreement went into effect in July.

A unique opportunityFrancis and Hausman said Kazakhstan could be a major

player in the world economy because of its wealth of natural resources, including oil. An educational relationship between Fuqua and a country of such growing importance would be beneficial for both Duke and NU.

“Fuqua has an opportunity to inform the educational model of the 9th largest nation in the world, in geographic size,” they said. “Our faculty gain access to data, organiza-tions and opportunities that are likely to impact their own research and consequently the student experience, both at NU and here at Fuqua.”

Duke faculty members will also likely teach in the program.

“We have spoken in broad terms to some of our faculty members but we are still in the very early stages of design-ing and recommending the NU MBA program calendar and course offerings,” Hausman wrote in an email Tuesday. “It will be impossible for faculty to make firm commitments un-til these details are worked out.”

For this reason, Hausman added that the program was not yet comfortable with releasing the names of faculty likely headed for Kazakhstan.

Fuqua currently has faculty members in several countries including India, China and South Africa. As of June, the school was having difficulty organizing and finding incen-tives for core Fuqua faculty to teach at the developing Duke Kunshan University in Kunshan, China.

“Many are likely to find the opportunity exciting, unique and a way to gain a different perspective,” Francis and Hausman said. “It is not often that a faculty member has a chance to be part of such an ambitious academic undertaking, in a way that will impact generations of

global business leaders to come.”

Political challengesOne of the primary challenges of the program is work-

ing in a political environment so different than that of the United States, Francis and Hausman said.

There have been claims that Kazakhstan’s president Nursultan Nazarbayev, who built the University in his name, has limited political freedom, freedom of speech and feigned national success in order to boost Kazakhstan’s image. Some news outlets have also deemed Nazarbayev a dictator.

Francis and Hausman noted, however, that Fuqua would not have entered this partnership if they were unsure that Kazakhstan would make education and academic freedom top priorities. Kazakhstan has also sought partnerships with several of Duke’s peer institutions including the University of Pennsylvania and Carnegie Mellon University.

Kazakhstan could surely benefit from a partnership with an American institution, said Dr. Michael Merson, director of the Duke Global Health Institute and interim vice president and vice provost for global strategy and programs. Merson also said that he understands why some consider the Kazakh government to be controversial.

“It’s an interesting program because it is in a region of the world that has been a bit turbulent and its trying to invest in terms of human capital,” he said.

Merson, who has no technical oversight over the program since it does not offer a Duke degree, added that academic freedom is one of NU’s primary concerns, though he noted that he has only heard this from Fuqua administrators.

The University has, however, had prior experience with Kazakhstan and its students.

Bruce Kuniholm, dean of the Sanford School of Pub-lic Policy, has worked with Kazakh scholars in recent years through Sanford’s Duke Center for International Develop-ment that focuses on international mid-career and post-grad-uate education. The individuals he has worked with seem dedicated to improving their nation’s outlook despite the government’s sometimes unfavorable reputation.

“They’ve invested a lot in education because what they want to do is educate their people and their elite to better their community,” Kuniholm said.

Duke Medicine Global has also worked in Kazakhstan, performing hospital assessments in Astana—the nation’s capital and where NU is located.

KAZAKHSTAN from page 1


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requiring some vendors to be open during that time window may be difficult, given that many restaurants close before midnight.

There are currently 19 MOP eateries listed on Duke Dining’s website. Eleven eat-eries do not currently offer delivery from 7 p.m. to at least midnight and thus do not yet meet the criteria established by Duke Din-ing. The only eateries that currently include the required hours are Domino’s Pizza, En-zo’s Pizza Co., Jimmy John’s, Junior’s Grille, Papa John’s Pizza, Randy’s Pizza, Spartacus Restaurant and T.G.I. Friday’s.

Nosh, a popular eatery in Erwin Terrace, is one such eatery that may be eliminated from MOP. Previously, Nosh offered students the opportunity to order food using points from 3 to 9 p.m., when the restaurant closes. Although Johnson said Nosh was among the three top-selling vendors for the first day of the revised MOP program, it closes before midnight and thus does not meet Duke Din-ing’s criteria to stay in the program.

Carol Reardon, manager of Nosh, said she is strongly opposed to the new time win-dow changes, adding that Nosh would most likely not stay open until midnight just to stay in the program. She noted that Duke Dining also required off-campus eateries to purchase phones for a new system to allow students to enter their DukeCard numbers, PIN codes and a tip, in order to participate in MOP. Furthermore, she said Duke Dining does not allow vendors to accept DukeCard payments at the restaurant itself.

“It’s not fair to local businesses because we depend on Duke customers for our busi-ness,” Reardon said. “We depend on people with buying power and students have buying power. [Duke] already won’t let [students] come here with food points so we have to deliver. We would be losing a huge cross-

section of customers.”Johnson said the change in the time win-

dow will allow on-campus vendors to attract more lunchtime business without competi-tion from MOP vendors. On-campus ven-dors are required to be open during certain hours during the day, and if their sales de-cline, their businesses may lose their viability, Johnson added.

Another concern, Johnson said, is that students may miss out on the opportunity to dine communally and have discussions with other students if they have food delivered.

“Given that there is take-out, which does not facilitate interaction, it still seemed that returning MOP to its original intent was the right thing to do,” Johnson said.

Based on her experience taking MOP orders for Duke students at Nosh, Reardon said she disagrees with the general premise that students miss out on eating as a group if they order from off-campus eateries.

“I’m not sure what the deal is,” Rear-don said. “[Duke Dining] said students need to communally dine, but that’s how you all order.... You all are already com-munally dining.”

Students were consulted about the change last year and they expressed a desire for late-night eating options, Johnson said. Duke Dining will continue to consult with the Duke University Student Dining Advi-sory Committee to gauge which off-campus eateries are most popular with students.

Several students expressed strong discon-tentment with the idea that some MOP ven-dors may no longer be offered.

Sophomore Forrest Etter said he usually uses MOP to order lunch, and is upset that he will no longer have the option to order using his food points during that time.

“I’ve generally been dissatisfied with din-ing here,” Etter said. “Duke [on-campus din-ing] is such a rip-off, and having MOP as an alternative makes it seem more justifiable.”

MOP from page 1

engaged so actively in this controversial act. Black’s book has been widely acclaimed

for uncovering many perspectives on the is-sue that were not widely known. He said he firmly believes that the legacy of eugenics in North Carolina and nationwide stems from racism and a desire to create a utopia. Histor-ically, others have contested this viewpoint, saying that the practice was a brainchild of good intentions.

The Supreme Court confirmed the legal-ity of eugenics for certain people in the case Buck v. Bell in 1927. North Carolina passed its first sterilization law in 1919 and strength-ened the law a decade later. In 1933, the Eu-genics Board of North Carolina was created. Between 1950 and 1952—when most states were repealing their sterilization laws and shutting down their eugenics programs—North Carolina saw the single most active period of sterilization in its history.

“I cannot begin to fathom why it is that when most states saw the horrors of the Ho-locaust and took their own eugenics laws off the books, our state moved forward and gained momentum,” State Rep. Paul Lueb-ke, D-Durham. “My guess is that influential people, the right people, were backing these programs and investing heavily in them.”

Throughout the course of the practice’s history, 7,600 people were forcibly sterilized in North Carolina, Luebke said.

According to the EBNC, 23.6 percent of those sterilized had mental diseases, 71.4 per-cent were feeble-minded and 5 percent had epilepsy. The most recent case of sterilization in both state and national history occurred in 1973.

“These people were considered unfit to reproduce by these pseudo-scientists and sub-jected to unofficial, unreliable intelligence tests that conveniently deemed members of lower socio-economic levels and colored populations as feeble-minded,” Black said. “The words ‘idiot’, ‘moron’ and ‘imbecile’ were coined during this period as medical diagnosis to justify sterilization.”

Black added that no movement can exist without proper funding and named the Car-negie Institute for Science in Washington, D.C., and the Rockefeller Foundation in New York City as two of the most staunch support-ers of eugenics. These groups provided the financial means to engage in eugenics re-search, experimentation and proliferation of

the idea across seas, namely in Germany. In the U.S., methods such as gas chambers

and euthanasia were proposed to carry out the sentences of the Eugenics Boards, Black said. Although these sentences did not pass, 27 states did have legislation allowing these boards to mandate surgical sterilization and prohibit or nullify marriages. He pointed out, however, that the United Nations classi-fies all of these practices as genocide.

“The truly interesting thing is that the idea of genocide originated with a Duke affiliate, Raphael Lemkin, who contributed to this set of human rights regulations,” Black said.

He added that Duke contributed thou-sands of dollars to eugenics and founded the Eugenics Quarterly, publishing through 1969 when the journal changed its name to Social Biology.

“Many write this off as misguided scien-tists... who consider themselves liberal pro-gressives trying to reform society and scourge it of its weaker members for the greater good,” Black said. “It was, in reality, state-sponsored genocide.”

The state may issue a formal apology and a possible $20,000 compensation to each of the living victims of the legacy. According to state officials, at least 1,500 people were steril-ized and are still alive.

In 2003, Gov. Bev Perdue commissioned a study on North Carolina’s eugenics pro-gram—the same year legislators repealed the state eugenics law.

Durham Mayor Bill Bell said he believes the preliminary August report by the Eugen-ics Task Force in North Carolina speaks for itself and that there should be no opposition to the notion of compensating victims.

“It is in the hands of the state legislature,” Bell said. “I don’t know why they haven’t done it yet.”

Charmaine Cooper, executive director of the North Carolina Justice for Sterilization Victims Foundation, said that this program is moving slowly but steadily due to the fact that victims are hesitant to reveal themselves.

“Their files are what deters them,” she said. “On record, they have information that claims they are feeble-minded or insane or could even reveal that they were raped or the child of incest.”

Luebke and Cooper said they have both been working to clear the confusion between fact and rhetoric surrounding this debate and hope to include this information—how-ever dark—in the public school curriculum as proper acknowledgement of this history.

BLACK from page 1

“The pleasure of rooting for Goliath is that you can expect to win. The pleasure of rooting for David is that, while you don’t know what to expect, you stand at least a chance of being inspired.”

So wrote Michael Lewis in his seminal book Mon-eyball. The line is so good I hope Brad Pitt or Jonah Hill utters it in the upcoming film adaptation premiering soon at a Southpoint theater near you.

Why do I like it? Because truer words have never been written about the sports fan’s experience. There’s a certain trepidation and

misery that comes with pulling for the front-runner, like the New York Yankees or, for that matter, Duke Basketball. Anything that goes wrong with the master plan, a loss be-fore a championship, means the season is a “failure.” You know the feeling from the Blue Devils’ loss to Arizona in the Sweet Sixteen last spring—“It’s not supposed to end like this. What will my Carolina friends say?!” It’s pulling for your team, but it’s a full-time job.

However, when you pull for the underdog, you’ve got it easy. There are no expectations, so when your team wins, it means a heck of a lot more than it does to the front-runners spoiled by success.

by Sarah ElsakrTHE CHRONICLE

For the Blue Devil women this year, there is no looking back.

According to head coach Kevin Jermyn, the team’s strategy this season requires not thinking about up-coming races, end results or better placement. Instead, the team will try to focus on each day as it comes with-out thinking too far ahead. With a mindset like this, one might expect Jermyn’s team is in rebuilding mode, trying to avoid looking back at last year’s results as a predictor of this season’s success. In fact, the opposite is true of this year’s team.

“I thought we had the potential of being one of the best teams in school history last year with the group we had,” Jermyn said. “But I think we kind of pressed and forced a little bit too hard and focused on results throughout the year, to the degree that I think that probably wasn’t advantageous to that group.... With this group... we’re trying to just focus on the task at hand... and see where we end up come championship time in November.”

But since the Blue Devils’ top-six runners are return-ing, this year’s “group” is essentially the same as last year’s, albeit with a new class of freshmen mixed in.

Seniors Carly Seymour and Juliet Bottorff are at the core

SportsThe Chronicle

www.dukechroniclesports.com

WEDNESDAYAugust 31, 2011

ONLINECheck out the Blue Zone for the first wrapup of Lunch with Cut, the weekly foot-ball press conference, just in time for Saturday’s opener against Richmond.

The joys of being a loser

McCallie opens up on Summitt

CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

Head coach Joanne P. McCallie first met Pat Summitt as an assis-tant coach at Auburn from 1988-1992.

Duke just focused on running

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

WOMEN’S CROSS COUNTRY

CORRECTION An Aug. 30 article, “Duke looks to take back ACC title from FSU,” incorrectly stated Florida State had won the ACC volleyball title last season. It should have said that Duke won the conference title by one game over North Carolina. A print graphic re-peated the mistake. The Chronicle regrets the error.

CAROLINE RODRIGUEZ/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

Head coach Kevin Jermyn stresses the importance of not succumbing to the intense rigors and pressure of the cross country season.

MICHAEL NACLERIO/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

With expectations at an all-time low in head coach David Cutc-liffe’s first year, Andy Moore writes, fans embraced the four wins.

SEE MOORE ON PAGE 10

by Andrew BeatonTHE CHRONICLE

A couple weeks ago, Joanne P. McCallie’s sister, Car-olyn Clement, gave her a book entitled “Still Alice,” by Lisa Genova, saying, “Joanne, you must read this.” The novel tells the tale of a 50-year-old Harvard professor who struggles to deal with her uncertain future after being diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

Little did Coach McCallie know how quickly the book would hit home.

About a week later, head coach of the Tennessee wom-en’s basketball team Pat Summitt announced she had been diagnosed with the same condition. Arguably the most prolific coach in the sport’s history, Summitt has been at the helm of the Lady Vols program since 1974, capturing eight national championships and becoming the first and only NCAA Division I basketball coach—either men’s or women’s—to win over 1,000 games.

Now familiar with the disease from reading “Still Alice,” McCallie better understands the pain that her fellow head coach is going through.

“I’ve now completed that book and found it incred-ibly heart wrenching,” McCallie said. “But at the same time, clarifying how that works—the process of han-dling that kind of disease.”

Although the two coaches do not share a close per-sonal relationship, McCallie’s few interactions with Summitt have helped define her career. McCallie first came into contact with the legendary head coach when she got her first coaching gig as an assistant at Auburn from 1988-1992. With both teams competing in the SEC, McCallie got an up-close and personal look at Summitt and her coaching style.

The future head coach of the Blue Devils learned one lesson quickly—sometimes you have to watch, and inevita-bly lose to, the best to try and become the best.

SEE SUMMITT ON PAGE 10

SEE CC PREVIEW ON PAGE 10

AndyMoore


CC PREVIEW from page 9

MOORE from page 9 SUMMITT from page 9

“How do you even strategize? Just try-ing to prepare at Auburn to beat Tennes-see,” McCallie said. “What that did for me as a coach, because of the excellence Coach Summitt had.... They were so un-beatable, always winning the league.”

McCallie soon received her first head coaching job, taking over at Maine. She might not have got that job without Sum-mitt, who agreed to be a reference for Mc-Callie when she applied for the position.

McCallie noted that the Maine ath-letic department likely didn’t call in the reference, but Summitt’s willingness to put in a good word symbolizes her gen-erosity and helpfulness.

“I am here today at Duke because of a gracious nature she had years ago,” Mc-Callie said.

Summitt’s influence on the sport of women’s basketball has been felt by ev-erybody involved with the game since she first began coaching 37 years ago. And because of a book, and a small but important relationship that began 23 years ago during McCallie’s time at Au-burn, the Duke head coach has nothing but an endless flow of respect for her counterpart, who now confronts not only X’s and O’s but a debilitating men-tal disease.

“Everyone in basketball sends their prayers and good thoughts to her. It’s over-whelming to think about a woman who has led our sport for thirty-plus years to go through this,” McCallie said. “[Her] great convictions, great success, how do you put it into words?”

of this year’s squad. Bottorff earned All-ACC honors last fall, and Seymour had the best time at the NCAA championship meet.

With the talent of these incoming run-ners plus the team experience provided from the upperclassmen, Jermyn once again believes his squad has the potential to perform exceptionally well. Despite ac-knowledging the desire to improve upon last year’s performance—ending in a 17th-place finish at the NCAA champion-ship meet after falling short of earning an expected automatic bid from the ACC meet—he quickly returned to reaffirming the team’s day-to-day approach.

According to Jermyn, this strategy has been successful in producing results and encouraging his athletes in previous sea-sons, and according to his runners, it makes practice more enjoyable.

“[Training camp] was pretty relaxed, and everyone had a lot of fun,” senior Mary Carle-ton Johnston said. “Like Kevin said, we’re try-ing to not really be comparing ourselves to last year, so each practice has been kind of fun.”

Beside providing an opportunity to try out their low-key strategy, training camp in Blowing Rock, N.C., gave the freshmen runners the ability to get a feel for practice and start bonding with their older teammates.

According to Chloe Maleski, a member

of the new class of runners, the benefits of having a solid core of returning talent are already apparent. The freshman noted that the more relaxed atmosphere as well as the welcoming nature of returning athletes have made her transition to college life as smooth as possible, allowing her to enjoy her new team and focus on her individual goals.

“As long as I’m making an improvement and I’m healthy, I’ll definitely be happy with my freshmen year,” she said.

Maleski is joined on the team by classmates Carolyn Baskir, Abby Farley, Kelsey Lakowske, Julianna Miller, Lind-sey Olivere, Colleen Schmidt, and Co-lette Whitney.

The older runners are also commit-ted to providing leadership and setting examples for their new teammates. Like Jermyn, they are not interested in looking too far into the future, and for now their only focus is their training and welcoming the new members of their team.

As the women get ready to begin their season with the N.C. Central Dual in just two days, the newest Blue Devils are ea-gerly anticipating the official start of their collegiate cross country careers.

And though Jermyn encourages his runners to focus on taking their season one day at a time, they have at least one season-long goal.

“I’m most looking forward to having so many girls aiming to do one thing,” Males-ki said. “Run fast.”

“[Her] great convic-tions, great success, how do you put it into

words?” — Joanne P. McCallie

CAROLINE RODRIGUEZ/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

The Blue Devils return their top-six runners from last year’s squad and have added talented freshmen.

For followers of Duke Football, having no expectations meant a pretty fun first year of the David Cutcliffe era—four wins, including a smashing 31-7 home opener over James Madison in front of 32,571 fans, an exciting 41-31 victory over Navy and a considerably less exciting, but no less im-pressive, 10-7 win over Vanderbilt.

Cutcliffe’s second year brought with it five wins, the most for the Blue Devils since 1994. They won three straight in October, including one of the best football games I’ve seen in person, a 49-28 win over N.C. State in Carter-Finley Stadium in which Thad Lewis threw for 459 yards. It was quite a year, especially for a team with no expec-tations.

Then came the beginning of last season. All of a sudden, for a team with no expecta-tions, the ‘B’ word was tossed around ca-sually. Bowl. Bowl. Bowl. Cutcliffe had said for two years that Duke was going to go to a bowl game in an effort to change the conversation around the team. But now ev-eryone at the first media day from Dono-van Varner—“I am expecting a bowl game this year”—to normally apathetic fans on campus boldly claimed it was expected that Duke would make a bowl. A lot of talk for something that just three years ago was be unthinkable.

So when the reality hit—the 49-point loss to Alabama, the 24-19 defeat to North Carolina, the 3-9 record—it hit hard. Fans who normally had little or low expectations for the team now had to see their hopes dashed. And I think the 3-9 record would have been a lot easier to swallow if it hadn’t been preceded by a full media blitz hyping a bowl game.

Duke Football seems to be commit-ted to not going down that road again. At media day yesterday, I didn’t hear the ‘B’ word bandied around once. Not from the players, and Cutcliffe didn’t mention it in his press conference at all—though, to be fair, he wasn’t asked about it. It was an un-derstated approach, and it was absolutely perfect going into this year.

It provided an outlook Duke Football fans would do well to adopt going into this season—don’t expect anything. Especially not a bowl. Keep the mentality exhibited by head coach David Cutcliffe and his players on Tuesday.

Because in all honesty, the situation could be worse. Duke’s neighbors across the road are expecting a pretty terrible season on the field—and probably off the field, too, without the services of the great-

est tutor in college history. Ohio State’s program is in shambles. Miami pines for the days of Luther Campbell and an NCAA that looked the other way on payouts to players.

The college landscape is a wreck, filled with cheating, academic dis-honesty and disgraced coaches. But Duke has a clean program and a clean slate in which anything can happen. Enjoy it.

COURTNEY DOUGLAS/CHRONICLE FILE PHOTO

The arrival of highly-touted recruit Sean Renfree helped escalate early expectations for Duke under Cutcliffe.


The ChronicleTHE INDEPENDENT DAILY AT DUKE UNIVERSITY

MONDAY, AUGUST 29, 2011 ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH YEAR, ISSUE 3WWW.DUKECHRONICLE.COM

DukeMed admins takerankings with ‘grain of salt,’ Page 5

Hurricane delays DukeMarine Lab orientation, Page 3

ONTHERECORD“...ultimately students have to decide for themselves

what they choose to do.” —Tom Szigethy on orientation. See story page 3

Angelou inspires freshman class Storm leaves Duke largely unharmed

by Yeshwanth KandimallaTHE CHRONICLE

Although Hurricane Irene battered the North Carolina coast, Duke and the Triangle came out mostly unscathed.

The only damages Duke sustained during the Category 1 storm Saturday were two fallen trees near East Campus, said Vice President for Human Resources Kyle Cavanaugh, who also acts as emer-gency coordinator for the University. One tree fell near the entrance of the West Duke Building and another at the intersection of Trinity Avenue and Buch-anan Boulevard.

Unlike the city of Durham, which experienced numerous power outages, the University avoided large scale power outages, as the fallen trees did not bring down power lines affecting campus, Ca-vanaugh added.

The hurricane, which made landfall Saturday, brought one to two inches of rain and wind speeds of 35 mph to Dur-ham and Wake counties, said meteorolo-gist Kathleen Carroll of the National Weather Service in Raleigh. Most of the storm stayed to the east of Interstate 95 as forecasted. Those areas saw as much as six inches of rain.

Hurricane Irene left the state between

Duke remains perfect, knocks off No. 1by Ryan Claxton

THE CHRONICLE

CHAPEL HILL, N.C. — After 60 min-utes of play, the outlook was bleak for Duke against No. 1 Notre Dame. The Blue Devils trailed 1-0 after allowing a fluke goal in the first half, and to add injury to insult one of their captains—Ashley Rape—had just been carted off the field with a right knee injury.

But just when it looked like Duke was in a position to shut down, it turned up the pressure on the defending national champions.

No. 21 Duke (4-0) scored three unan-swered goals in under 12 minutes during

HDRL to release house model plans

by Nicole KyleTHE CHRONICLE

As summer comes to an end, students and administrators are closing in on details of the house model.

Under the first year of the new residential model, which will group students into vari-ous houses across West and Central campuses starting Fall 2012, residentially unaffiliated sophomores and juniors will be randomly placed into one of 40 unaffiliated houses, said Joe Gonzalez, associate dean for Housing, Dining and Residence Life. Members of the Class of 2013, who will be seniors during the

SEE IRENE ON PAGE 16

SEE WOMEN’S SOCCER ON SPORTS PAGE 14SEE HOUSE MODEL ON PAGE 14

3 DUKE 1ND

by Jack MercolaTHE CHRONICLE

Instead of entering a poem into a time capsule at the Martin Luther King, Jr. memo-rial dedication with the families of King and President Barack Obama, Maya Angelou de-livered a heartfelt address to Duke first-year students at the Chapel.

“I’ve given my word to Duke, and I will be at Duke,” Angelou said to students as a reminder of how important their entry is to the University.

Angelou, a multi-talented, award-winning

poet and author, not to mention a civil rights figurehead, spoke to the Class of 2015 Sun-day, welcoming them to the Duke commu-nity. In her twenty-second annual address, Angelou urged students to remember what an important responsibility their education will be during the next four years, emphasiz-ing the importance of continuing in higher education.

“My dears, you’ve already been paid for—you owe it to someone down the road to pay it for them,” she said before an atten-tive audience. “Don’t even think about leav-

ing Duke.” At times, she sang to the crowd and pro-

vided anecdotes, but her emphasis was clearly on the connecting power of poetry and its ability in particular to connect the Class of 2015.

“[Poetry] encapsulates so much of what the human being has gone through, goes through and is yet to go through,” she said. “The poem is written for all of us... all of the time.”

SEE ANGELOU ON PAGE 18

DAN SCHEIRER II/THE CHRONICLE

Blue Devil freshman Kelly Cobb scored the second of three unanswered Duke goals in Chapel Hill Sunday.

TYLER SEUC/THE CHRONICLE

Author and poet Maya Angelou urges students to make the most out of their educational experience at Duke and to use poetry as a “common ground” with others.

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12 | WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 2011 THE CHRONICLECLASSIFIEDS

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PARTICIPANTS ARE NEED-ED for studies of visual and hearing function using mag-netic resonance imaging (MRI). These studies are conducted at the Brain Imaging and Analysis Center (BIAC) at Duke University Medical Center. Participants should be 18 years or older and should have no history of brain injury or disease. Most studies last between 1-2 hours, and par-ticipants are paid approximately $20/hr. Please contact the BIAC volunteer coordinator at 681-9344 or [email protected] for additional information. You can also visit our website at www.biac.duke.edu.

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Housing, Dining and Resi-dence Life has gotten down to the brass tacks of the house model. This week, HDRL an-nounced its plan to randomly place residentially unaffi liated s o p h o m o r e s and juniors into 40 unaffi liated houses across West and Central campuses in Fall 2012.

A successful placement structure must reconcile the house model’s two objectives: helping students build strong communities and encouraging them to learn from one anoth-er’s differences. Community and diversity are not mutually exclusive goals—the new place-ment model must allow houses to scope for identity without in-sulating them from diversity.

Randomization is the best placement strategy in the new

model’s inaugural year. As pointed out by Duke Student Government President Pete Schork, the success of the model hinges on houses de-veloping unique personalities.

Randomization in the fi rst year will generate di-

versity as well any other meth-od, and it is swift and simple to boot. Compounded with highly effective, student-driven social programming, random-ized placement gives houses a fair shot at creating their own identities.

Sustaining these house cul-tures will be more diffi cult. Af-ter the new house model’s fi rst year, absolute randomization is a poor placement strategy. The cultures that grow within the houses during a single year will be fragile. An infl ux of

randomly selected incoming sophomores will fracture these nascent identities, destroying any gains from the initial ran-domization.

If randomization is the sole placement mechanism, then the house model will only rec-reate the current quad model. Blocks will be adjacent to one another, and there will be little incentive for the students with-in those blocks to reach out to their housemates. Especially after a year of living on East Campus, most sophomores will choose to nurture old friend-ships rather than to repeat the random residence hall expe-rience of freshman year. No amount of programming, how-ever lavish or well executed, will facilitate strong communities within houses with randomly assigned upperclassmen.

Any solution to this problem must blend randomized place-ment with placement based on student preference. Unaf-fi liated sophomores should be able to rank houses according to which houses values best re-fl ect their own personalities. A computer algorithm ought to maximize preference satisfac-tion by placing as many stu-dents in their desired houses as possible. Unlike the recruit-ment process used by greek organizations and SLGs, unaf-fi liated students would not be judged on external factors like race, gender or class—only the objective fact of how well their preferences match up against the desires of others. Such a process renders students’ pref-erences equal and anonymous.

A computerized system would also allow HDRL to in-

ject an element of randomness into house sorting if necessary. Should the preference-based system yield houses that are too homogeneous, loosening the parameters of preference adherence would immediately remedy the problem.

The new house model should not be a repeat of the East Campus experience. Total randomization that occurs twice in the residential life of a Duke student is excessive. To expect that the second randomization will yield communities resem-bling freshmen dorms is naïve and unrealistic. Instead, the new house model should em-body a fresh and uniquely up-perclassmen experience, one that encourages both common interests through house prefer-ence and diversity through ran-domization.

Last semester, during fi nals week, I might have shown the entirety of the fi rst fl oor of Perkins one of my breasts.

Let me explain. While inno-cently bent over at my desk in the library, my friend spotted my expo-sure, tapped me on the shoulder, and politely told me to “do better.” Confused, I looked around—sever-al people were staring at me—and fi nally, down at what he had no-ticed. There it was, my lady part: unrestrained, unadulterated and exposed to all of fi rst-fl oor Perkins. My tank top, apparently, had veered off to the side, giving Venus free rein to unabashedly poke out and declare her heady existence to the world (merci-fully, Serena stayed hidden to Perk one through-out the ordeal). Apparently, I had tried to put the “Perk” in Perkins, or something.

As I wondered how long I had been working in Perkins, without anyone alerting me to my strip-per status, I came to a somewhat disconcerting epiphany.

Even though several people had seen Venus in all her glory, I realized that I didn’t care. Rather than deep shame or mortifi cation, I felt, well—apathy. I wished the incident had occurred in a more appropriate location, but the exposure ul-timately made no difference to my overall daily life at Duke. It was but a small embarrassment, a little blip in what had otherwise been a relatively productive day. And it hadn’t even been too no-ticeable an event. Other than the several that had stared, most people had not even batted an eye-lash, and had gone back to their work just like any other day.

Indeed, my reaction to the entire ordeal—and most observers’ reactions as well—was essentially similar to that of my tumble down the stairs in the French Family Science Center as an overly eager freshman. I was faintly embarrassed, but I didn’t even blush (qualifi er: that might just be because I’m Indian, and I have yet to see a brown person visibly blush). I giggled sheepishly about the slip, used it as a humorous anecdote to tell to friends—and by the next day, it was all but forgot-ten. My friend who had discovered my wardrobe malfunction accepted the excuse that “my life is in shambles,” and allowed me to continue mer-rily with my life.

Let me just note here that I would probably not purposely engineer this performance. In the TV show “30 Rock,” actress Jenna Maroney of the fi ctional sketch comedy show “TGS with Tracy Jordan” is perfectly comfortable with fl ashing her

breast to a bouncer in order to get into the social event of the season. I haven’t descended to her level... at least not yet.

If I were a celebrity, it would be different. In 2004, Janet Jackson’s famous Superbowl nipple fi asco made front-page news, and inspired a short-lived trend of nipple pierc-ings. In 2009, Beyonce had a similar nipple disaster in an Oscars show performance with Hugh Jackman that rocked the mainstream media. Yet at the end of 2009, it was Miley Cyrus who had the most searched nip slip of the year, overshadowing even Beyonce.

In this day and age, nipple slips have become relatively frequent, occurring on practically a daily basis. Few female celebrities out there have nipples that remain a mystery to the American public. Nicki Minaj had a nip slip recently on “Good Morning America;” it resulted in an amusing explosion on Twitter, with a bevy of tweets along the lines of “boom bodabum boom that super baseeee, oopps. nipslip.”

For me and the rest us everyday folk, howev-er, life goes on as usual after a nip slip—even for those who observe rather than participate. As one Twitter user put it, dismissing the potency of the nip slip phenomenon “these gurls buggin bout #cameltoe and #nipslip #season but basketball short season almost over too so ladies stfu.”

Indeed, perhaps the general apathy toward every-day, non-celebrity nip slips represents a sort of triumph of daily routine—and, ultimate-ly, community. It’s nice to know that when my left breast, Venus, hangs out in Perkins, unre-strained, few people notice, and those who do ultimately return to their Duke daily grind. Actually, in the spirit of friendship, many Uni-versity students have admitted to their willing-ness to do a naked run, to streak just for giggles and experience’s sake. The closeness of our Duke community—our bond through work and friendship—seems to overrule the process of judgment and restraint that comes with things such as nip slips and unwanted exposure. At the end of that long night of studying in Perkins, punctuated by my impromptu performance, I still took my fi nals with the same rigor of any Duke student. Ultimately, we are judged for who we are.

Still, I’m glad that my wardrobe malfunction was not of the lower variety.

Indu Ramesh is a Trinity junior. Her column runs every other Wednesday.

commentaries14 | WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 2011 THE CHRONICLE

The C

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My unexposed exposure

Houses should realize identity, diversity

”“ onlinecomment

how would the freshman know anything about losing one’s dukecard overnight? they’ve been here a week

—“capitolhill” commenting on the story “Duke Card offi ce to limit hours.” See more at www.dukechronicle.com.

LETTERS POLICY

The Chronicle welcomes submissions in the form of letters to the editor or guest columns. Submissions must include the author’s name, signature, department or class, and for purposes of identifi cation, phone number and local address. Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

The Chronicle will not publish anonymous or form letters or letters that are promotional in nature. The Chronicle reserves the right to edit letters and guest columns for length, clarity and style and the right to withhold letters based on the discretion of the editorial page editor.

Direct submissions to:

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commentariesTHE CHRONICLE WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 31, 2011 | 15

Arriving on campus this year, I was reminded of just how quickly my fi rst year fl ew by. It seems like just yesterday I was doing ice-breaking exercises with my First-Year Adviso-

ry Counselor (FAC), meeting with my RA for the fi rst time and wan-dering over to West Campus with a group of two-day-old friends in search of a party. This year, there were ice breakers and RA meet-ings, but there was a noticeable lack of parties on West Campus.

In an email sent out by Hous-ing, Dining and Residential Life at the start of orientation week, fraternities and selective living groups were encouraged to “take proactive measures to discour-age fi rst-years… from [going to] section.” This alone is nothing unusual, since section parties are regularly banned until the fi rst Friday of classes and these rules are rarely enforced. This year, though, they enforced the rules. Most section parties so far this semester have been shut down almost immediately and registered events are now banned until after the second week of classes. Couple these changes with the end of Tailgate, and it seems very apparent that Duke is tightening the reigns. Yet the question remains, with regard to these decisions, whose inter-ests do the administrators actually have in mind?

President Brodhead took the stance that these changes were necessary to protect the students. While speaking to FACs dur-ing their training, Brodhead noted that the fi rst weeks of fresh-man year are the most important in shaping a student’s future decisions throughout college. This implies that habits, such as drinking heavily, are more likely to stick with students if start-ed early during their college experience. Although this argu-ment might have some validity, assuming that you can prevent freshmen from drinking by stomping out section parties seems shockingly narrow-minded.

Many fi rst-years come to campus with the expectation of par-tying, and will fi nd a way to do so one way or another. If they can’t drink on campus, many will just as quickly look for off-campus options. Durham can be a dangerous place, even for students familiar with the city. The prospect of hoards of disori-ented freshmen wandering around the dark streets of downtown Durham seems counterintuitive for an administration allegedly looking out for students’ safety and well-being. It does, on the other hand, make perfect sense for an administration looking to rid themselves of on-campus liabilities and headaches.

The end of Tailgate is yet another perfect example. The basic idea of students dressing up in costumes to drink and blast music in a parking lot was not inherently a mortal sin. Nevertheless, it was extremely embarrassing to the University and to the football program to have students doing so instead of attending the foot-ball games. Tailgate was the most visible symbol of Duke’s “party school” status and a blatant reminder that most students had no interest in going to the football games, much less remembering the score. Instead of putting precautions in place to prevent the irresponsible acts that occurred at the fi nal Tailgate, Duke took the easy way out once again. They let the situation get progres-sively more out of hand until something egregious enough oc-curred to warrant banning Tailgate altogether, replacing it with a barbecue event now known as Football Gameday.

But what makes Football Gameday all that different? Of course, there will be no costumes or fl ying beer cans, but why is it any less likely that a minor will get blackout drunk? The main difference is that a photograph or video of a barbecue on the Main Quad can’t hurt Duke’s academic reputation quite as much as one of students in neon leggings and ballerina skirts doused in Busch Light.

Despite the administrators’ decisions to perpetually wash their hands of diffi cult situations, there will always be a portion of students who choose Duke because they want an education of unparalleled quality and the ability to have fun. Cracking the whip on Tailgate and parties might give the illusion of a tamer student population, but it doesn’t change reality. When decid-ing to beef up the rules, whose interests did President Brodhead and his colleagues in the Allen Building actually have in mind? Their refusal to regulate anything and while also choosing take the easy way out would seem to suggest that the administrators were seeking fewer headaches and more free time. Instead of pushing fi rst-years off campus, administrators should have al-lowed open events that could be monitored by Duke offi cials.

Here’s how I see it: Keep your friends close, and your drunk-en students closer.

Scott Briggs is a Trinity Sophomore. His column runs every other Wednesday.

Slash and burnI was sitting in my apartment with my roommate

and a few of his band friends when someone stated that The Beatles were the best band of all

time. Maybe it wasn’t the biggest leap,

but no one objected or even brought other artists or bands into the discus-sion. I had been involved in enough of these conversations to understand that they were usually in jest, but I still didn’t expect to hear such a gran-diose claim go uncontested. Calling anything “the best of all time” should open a moderate debate, at least.

Would my generation produce any-thing to topple The Beatles or even artists such as Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan or the Rolling Stones? Looking for solace, I went to Rolling Stone’s list of the Top 100 Artists of All Time, hoping to realize I had overlooked someone. Instead of comfort, I got confi rmation: My generation has failed to produce serious musicians. The closest thing my lifetime has seen are the tail ends of U2, Michael Jackson, Bruce Springsteen and Nirvana. The car rides of my child-hood featuring The Eagles, Stevie Wonder, The Beat-les and The Rolling Stones were my only true sniff of music royalty. My rebellious years of blasting The Ra-mones, Nirvana and Public Enemy (yeah, I’m hood) would be the end of my connection to the top 100.

The problem I had with this was not accepting the validity of the magazine’s rankings. Despite some issues with their list—namely the lack of country music and the fact that Aerosmith is ranked higher than both Radiohead and The Eagles—I accepted that the majority of bands were given the appropri-ate place amongst their peers. This means that my generation’s best shot at producing a music legend could be Jay-Z (ranked 88) or Eminem (ranked 83).

Could I have lost 20 years to inadequate music? Am I going to look back and say that Lady Gaga was the best artist of my generation? In a period where information is easily accessible and technology turns any song that uses vocal synthesizers into a potential hit, musical trends have stagnated. Instead of im-proving upon what came before them, musicians go after easy successes, and what’s easier than reproduc-ing what has already worked? When the best contem-porary innovation that Rolling Stone can fi nd is de-termining that Madonna is Britney Spears’ “stylistic godmother,” it is easy to feel like the music industry has misused its abundant resources.

This funk can be explained by the music industry becoming so reliant on instant success that it cannot afford artistic exploration or trial-and-error by new artists. Instead, it has become yes or no—assigning a binary ranking of one or zero, where the fi rst zero or string of zeros means the end of a career.

This constant demand for popularity means those who have already found fame and fortune face the

obvious conclusion that innovation—which could turn a good artist into the best of all time—is not worth the risk of losing everything. So they stay stag-nant until they are left behind by new trends (see:

Lady Gaga) and then they change drastically to overcompensate (see: Spears, Britney).

The same is true of our adminis-tration and our University as a whole. Despite having some very obvious fl aws, Duke was still consistently get-ting ones. Applications were increas-ing, our ranking was staying relatively constant and Duke’s press was pretty positive. For this University, things go-ing well meant keeping the status quo.

Groundbreaking academic research was still being done, but most University and campus issues were approached with a laissez-faire attitude, with silent prayers that inaction would not come at great cost.

The music industry’s stagnation led to particular artists facing short careers and the entire industry be-ing held captive by MP3 mega-stores. Duke faced an onslaught of horrible press and a dreadful reputa-tion of excess and lawlessness. In response, the ad-ministration decided to slash and burn, going to the extreme instead of making modest changes and al-lowing for a gestation period.

The extremes were, well, extreme. First, adminis-trators decided that no groups could have registered section parties until Sept. 9, which in layman’s terms means “move that drinking behind closed doors where we can’t moderate, so that we can claim ig-norance for the next disaster.” Then, most notably, the administrators completely dissociated themselves and the university from Tailgate (as I type this Tail-gate does not have a red squiggly below it, despite it not existing. Dean of Students Sue Wasiolek needs to alert Microsoft of this).

Either because they waited too long or because they simply did not want to disturb something they felt was good, administrators backed themselves into a corner. And, like the music industry, they overcom-pensated rather than being responsible and level-headed. Even though much of Duke’s social scene was getting extreme, fi ghting the irresponsible acts of undergraduates with over-reactive punishments is not a solution. In fact, it causes further tension be-tween students and administrators rather than creat-ing an open and honest dialogue and soliciting ideas on how to change.

The music industry is dying because it decided to slash and burn rather than adapt gradually. Instead of following in the music industry’s footsteps, Duke needs to address problems as they arise rather than (over)reacting when it’s too late.

Antonio Segalini is a Trinity junior. His column runs every Wednesday.

The illusion of safety

scott briggsas i see it

antonio segalinimusings

august 31, 2011 issue

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