autoimmunity review
TRANSCRIPT
Lymphocytes or antibodies bind to self antigens and cause cell lysis or inflammation
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Thyroid
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes) Pancreas
Most frequently seen in middle aged women
React against thyroid antigens
Inflammatory response causes a goiter or enlargement of the thyroid gland Due to decreased production of thyroid
hormones (hypothyroidism)
What is the difference between IDDM and adult onset diabetes?
IDDM activated CTLs attack islet cells ( cells) Cytokine production – IFN-, TNF- and
IL-1 Auto-antibody production
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Makes auto-antibodies to red blood cell antigens▪ Activate complement, hemolysis, phagocytosis▪ anemia
Goodpasture’s Syndrome Makes auto-antibodies against kidney and lung
basement membranes (react against collagen type IV)▪ Cause an inflammatory response▪ Kidney and lung function impaired
Similar to oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cancer
Auto-antibodies bind to hormone receptors instead of the normal ligand (agonist) Results in overproduction of some molecule
Auto-antibodies bind receptor and block normal function of hormone receptor (antagonist)
Produces antibodies that bind to the receptor for thyroid stimulating hormone
Activate adenylate cyclase Results in OVERproduction of thyroid
hormones
Two thyroid hormones = thyroxin and triiodothyronine
Produce auto-antibodies that bind the acetylcholine receptor in muscle
Prevents acetylcholine from binding to the receptor
Causing weakening of skeletal muscles
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Multiple Sclerosis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Appears in women 20-40 years of age
Ratio of cases in female to males is 10:1
Produce antibodies to a wide variety of antigens: DNA Histones RBCs Platelets WBCs Clotting factors
Causes rashes, problems with kidneys and arthritis; chronic inflammatory disease; can affect all tissues
Symptoms vary and progress with age Brain degeneration, paralysis
Diagnosis usually between 20 -40 years of age
2-3 times more women with the disease than men
Contain autoreactive T cells – react against the myelin sheath of neurons (myelin basic protein)
Cause – unknown but may relate to virus infection
Genetic component but also environmental
Affects mostly women between the ages of 40 and 60
Chronic inflammation of the jointsProduce auto-antibodies (rheumatoid
factors) against Fc region of IgG
Results in joint inflammation and destruction
What antibody(ies) cross the placenta?
How long do you think this disease will last?