automated snow measurement r&d at ncar and noaa: the marshall testbed
DESCRIPTION
Automated Snow Measurement R&D at NCAR and NOAA: the Marshall testbed. Ethan Gutmann, Bruce Baker, Roy Rasmussen, John Kochendorfer , David Gochis , Scott Landolt , Tilden Meyers, Kristine Larson 5/25/2011. Snow measurement importance. Which size snowplow would you want? . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Automated Snow Measurement R&D at
NCAR and NOAA: the Marshall testbed
Ethan Gutmann, Bruce Baker, Roy Rasmussen, John Kochendorfer, David Gochis, Scott Landolt, Tilden Meyers,
Kristine Larson5/25/2011
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Snow measurement importance
•Which size snowplow would you want?
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Snow Measurement is
HARD•Spatial variation•Snow depth
varies from 0-3m over the space of 50m!
•harsh environments•ice on
equipment•temperatures
<<0C
Map of
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Existing and Emerging methods
• Ultrasonic distance• Scanning (or not) laser
rangefinder• GPS interference
reflectometry• Precipitation: snow
gauges• (COSMOS, Snow Pillows,
Aircraft LIDAR,…)
(*there is always the good
old ruler)
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Marshall
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Precipitation measurement
•Wind shields affect precipitation measurement
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Ultrasonic Snow Depth
•Bounce a sound wave off the snow
•footprint: ~1m2
•Affected by •air temperature•snow in air
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Ultrasonic Snow Depth•Location is
critical•Ground
surface is critical
•Replication is critical
•Hourly totals?•6hr?
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Ultra Sonic Depth•Sensor
can shift almost imperceptibly
•with snow on them...
~30cm Snow Event
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Laser Rangefinder (non-scanning)
•Bounce light pulse off snow•footprint: 1mm2
•NOT affected by•air temperature•snow in air
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Laser Rangefinder (non-scanning)
• Location is critical• Ground surface is
critical• Signal is cleaner• hourly totals...
UltrasonicLaser
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Scanning Laser Rangefinder
•Bounce a light pulse off the snow
•footprint: <7km2
•affected by:•snow on lens
and in air
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Laser Rangefinder (non-scanning)
• Produces a map!• Location is NOT
(too) critical• Ground surface is
NOT (too) critical• Stability is critical
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GPS Interference Reflectometry
(GPS-IR)• Observe noise in
GPS signal• footprint: 2000m2
• affected by: • topography• vegetation
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GPS-IR
• Location is important
• Ground cover is important
• Free existing networks!
• ~1-2hr averages...
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Sensor Review
• Sonic
• Laser
• Scanning
• GPS
• Lidar
Accuracy
1cm
1mm
<1cm
~1-2cm
>5-10cm
Area
1m2
1mm2
<7km2
3000m2
100km2
Comments
Location / Cheap
Location / Cheapish
Stability / Cost
Location / (Free)
Accuracy / Cost / Time