automotive industries unit 1 -...

Answerkey1 1spanner/2pliers/3screwdriver/4paint-sprayer/5wrench/6tyrelevers/7greasegun/8welder

2 1jack/2compressor/3airline/4wheelbalancer/5tyrechanger/64-postlift

3 1paint-sprayer/2tyrelevers,compressor,airline,tyrechanger,wheelbalancer,jack/3welder/4spanner,screwdriver,wrench,greasegun,4-postlift

4 1C/2cm/3cc/4hp/5hr/6km/7kph/8l/9mm/10rpm

5 1AU/2AT/3DK/4DE/5LB/6LR/7SA/8SI/9SE/10CH

6 1679,965/2416,894/3258,257/4158,226/5109,626/6InsixthplaceisBrazil,withsixty-eightthousand,fivehundredunits./7InseventhplaceisSpain,withsixty-sixthousand,sixhundredandfifty-sevenunits./8IneighthplaceisMexico,withfifty-threethousand,threehundredandninety-fiveunits./9InninthplaceistheNetherlands,withforty-seventhousand,fivehundredunits./10IntenthplaceisFrance,withforty-seventhousand,fourhundredandfifty-oneunits.

Automotive Industries

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

Unit 1

Answerkey1 1bonnet/2body/3boot/4tailgate/5engine/6axle/7roof/8chassis

2 1b/2d/3a/4c

3 a)fourwheeldrive/b)hatchback/c)limousine/d)convertible/e)saloon/f)coupé/gestatecar/h)peoplecarrier

4 1A:What’s/B:It’s/A:What’s,calledinEnglish/B:it’scalled,3A:are/4A:are,called/B:They’re

6 Usetheboxspannertotightenorloosenthewheelnuts.

Usethejacktoraiseorlowertheendofthecar.

Usethetyrechangertotakeofforputonthetyre.

Useyourfingerstotakeofforputonthedustcap.

7 1hubcap/2wheelnuts/3jack/4wheel/5axle/6tyrechanger/7valve/8tyrechanger/9compressor/10airline/11dustcap/12wheelbalancer/13axle/14wheelnuts/15hubcap

Unit 2Automotive Industries


Unit 2



Answerkey1 1engine/2driveshafts/3fueltank/4pipeline/5engine/6fuelguage/7fueltank/8brakes/

9brakes/10silencer/11exhaustpipe/12silencer/13exhaustpipe

2 1f/2c/3g/4b/5a/6h/7d/8e

3 1Whatdothebrakesdo?/2Whatdoesthefueltankdo?/3Whatdothedriveshaftsdo?/4Whatdoestheexhaustpipedo?/5Whatdoesthepipelinedo?/6Whatdoestheenginedo?

4 1front,rear/2rear,rear/3front,front/4front,frontandtherear

5 1in/2below/3at/4at/5above/6in/7on/8to/9below/10to

6 1A:does/B:doesn’t/A:does/B:does/A:have/B:has

2A:do/B:Idon’t/A:do/B:do,have,has

Unit 3



Answerkey1 1I/2J/3H/4G/5F/6D/7C/8E/9A/10B

2 1Whenyoupushthedirectionindicatorup,theright-handindicatorlightsflash.

2Whenyoupushthedirectionindicatordown,theleft-handindicatorlightsflash.

3Whenyoupulltheleft-handlevertowardsyou,theheadlightsflashonce.

4Whenyoupushtheright-handleverupintothefirstposition,thewipersoperateatlongorshortintervals.

5Whenyoupushtheright-handleverupintothesecondposition,thewipersoperateatnormalspeed.

6Whenyoupushtheright-handleverupintothethirdposition,thewipersoperateveryfast.

7Whenyoupulltheright-handlevertowardsthesteeringwheel,thefrontwindscreenwasherswork.

8Whenyoupushtheright-handleverawayfromthesteeringwheel,therearwindscreenwasherswork.

3 a)3/b)6/c)1/d)4/e)8/f)2/g)7/h)

4 1check/2Pull/3wipe/4Push/5pull/6check/7add/8topup/9Unscrew/10Pour/11Check/12Put/13screw/14Push

6 1can’t/2can/3can/4can’t/5scan’t/6can’t/7can

Unit 4



Answerkey1 1cable/2ignitionkey/3startermotor/4engine/5alternator/6rectifierpack/

7diodes/8battery/9negativeterminal/10positiveterminal

2 1a/2c/3c/4b

3 1e/2a/3d/4b/5f/6c

4 1through/2around/3outof,into/4from,to

5 1c/2b/3a

Iftheignitionisoff,thestartermotordoesn’twork.

6 1currentflowsfromthebatterytothelights./2currentdoesn’tflowfromthebatterytotheradio./3currentdoesn’tflowtothestartermotorfromthebattery./4currentdoesn’tflowfromthealternatortothebattery./5thebatterybecomesflat./6electricityflowsfromthebatterytothestartermotor./7electricitydoesn’tflowaroundtheelectricalcircuit.

Unit 5



Unit 6

Answerkey1 1c/2k/3h/4d/5j/6a/7g/8l/9e/10i/11b/12f

2 1assessing,connecting,flattening,pulling,pushing,straightening/2cutting,fitting,gripping,hitting,labelling,putting/3dismantling,measuring,raising,sliding,using,wiping

3 1doing/2putting/3sanding/4painting/5removing/6using/7cutting/8welding/9replacing

4 Part Material Properties

1seat cover leather strong, flexible,doesn’tmelt,canburn

2instrumentpanel wood hard,notflexible,youcancutit,youcan’tbendit,youcan’tstretchit,itdoesn’tmelt

32-cylinderpetrolengine aluminium light,strong

4heavygoodsvehicletyres 1)rubber composite2)steelcords

1)toug h, flexible2)verystrong,heavy

5silencers steel,coatedwithaluminium strong,rigid,corrosion-resistant

6wheels 1)steel2)alloy

1)noinformationgiven2)light,strong

7fueltanks 1) steel2) plastic,withsteelplates

1)rigid,hard,water-resistant2)rigid,hard,water-resistant;

heat-resistant

5 1A:What’stheinstrumentpanelmadeof?

B:It’smadeofplastic.

A:Whydotheyuseplastic?

B:Becauseit’scheapandlight.

2A:Whataretheheadlightsandsidelights madeof?

B:They’remadeofchrome.

A:Whydoyouusechrome?

B:Becauseit’scorrosion-resistant.

3A:Whataretheseatcoversmadeof?

B:They’remadeofnylonandpolyester.

A:Whydotheyusenylonandpolyester?

B:Becauseit’sstrongandcheap.

4A:Whatarethebonnetandbootmadeof?

B:They’remadeofsteel.

A:Whydoyouusesteel?

B:Becauseit’stoughandrigid.

5A:Whataretheseatbeltsmadeof?

B:They’remadeofnylon.

A:Whydotheyusenylon?

B:Becauseit’sstrongandflexible.

6A:What’sthebodyshellmadeof?

B:It’smadeofsteel.

A:Whydoyouusesteel?

B:Becauseit’srigidandhard.



Answerkey1 Length:4.8m/Width:2.0m/Height:1.9m/Wheelbase(length)2.9m/Clearance(height)0.41m/Fuel

tankcapacity:82l/Enginecapacity:2720cc/Weight:2494kg/Max.wadingdepth:0.6m

2 1A:Howwideisthevehicle?/B:It’s2metreswide.

2A:Howlongisthevehicle?/B:It’s4.8metreslong.

3A:Howhighisthevehicle?/B:It’s1.9metreshigh.

4A:Howlongisthewheelbase?/B:It’s2.9metreslong.

5A:Howhighistheclearance?/B:It’s0.41metreshigh.

6A:Howheavyisthevehicle?/B:It’s2494kilograms.

7B:82litres.

8B:2720cc.

9B:Yes,itcandrivethroughwaterupto0.6metresdeep.

3 1any/2Howmuch/3801-litrebottles/4Howmany/5whatkind/610packets/7some/8Howmuch/940litres/10any/11much/1215tubes/13some/14Whatkind/15whatkind/1620packets/17any/18Whatkind/19Whatsize/205largetins

4 1Howmuchwillthenewfactorycost?/2Howlargewilltheroofofthefactorybe?/3Howheavywillthefactoryroof/4Whatwillcoolandheat/5HowoftenwilltheACsystemreplace/6Howmanyskylightswilltherebeintheroofofthefactory/7Whenwillthenewfactorybeready/8Whenwillthepublicbeabletovisitthefactory/9thefactorybeopen

Unit 7



Answerkey1 1happened/2left/3returned/4found/5smashed/6drove/7had/8came/9ran/10crashed/

11landed/12removed/13lifted/14put/15took/16stole/17took

2 1smashed/2dented/3cracked/4broken/5tornoff/6scratched/7tor/8dented,scratched/9smashed/10bent

3 1Theyhavefittedtwonewsidelights,twonewheadlightsandonenewwingmirror./2Theyhavereplacedthefrontnearsidewindowandwindscreen./3Theyhavefittedanewbootlockandradioantenna./4Theyhaverepairedthenearsidepanel./5Theyhaveservicedthebrakes./6Theyhaveroad-testedthecar./7Theywillreplacethein-carmultimediasystem./8Theywillfitanewseatcovertomatch./9Theywillrepairtheroof./10Theywillreplacetwowornreartyresafter1,000km.

4 1In/2started/3came/4every/5repeated/6became/7fell/8dried/9produced/10between/11In/12with/13had/14sold/15closed/16more/17morethan

5 1In1914./2Four./3Thesamejob./4Becauseonlyblackpaintdriedfastenough./5Thereweremorecarmanufacturersin1914./6Japan.

Unit 8



Answerkey1 1carburettor/2pump/3flexiblepipe/4fuelpipeline/5filter/6fueltank/7fillercap

2 1c/2a/3h/4e/5g/6b/7f/8d

3 1Thefuelpipelineissuspendedfromthechassis./2Thecarburettorismountedontheengine./3Thefillercapisscrewedintotheendofthefillerpipe./4Thefuelpumpismountedontheengine./5Thefilterisfittedaroundtheoutletpipefromthefueltank./6Thefueltankisboltedtothebody./7Theflexiblepipeisattachedtothefuelpipeline./8Thefuelinjectorisfixedtotheengine.

4 1b/2d/3a/4c/1Ifyoucan’tturnontheignition,movethesteeringwheelfromsidetoside./2Ifabuzzersoundswhenyouopenthedriver’sdoor,turnoffthelightsandindicator.

5 1No, itdoesn’t./2No,itdoesn’t./3Yes,itis./4No,theydon’t./5Yes,itis./6Yes,itis.1Iftheenginedoesn’tstart,checkthestartermotor./2Iftheenginedoesn’tstart,turnofftheignitionandtryagain./3Ifthebatteryismorethanfiveyearsold,/replaceit./4thelightsdon’twork,checkthebattery./5Ifthedistributorcapissplit,replaceitimmediately./6Iftheclutchcableisworn,replaceitatonce.

6 1protected/2connected/3charge/4ask/5check/6refill/7stop/8remove/9check/10replace

Unit 9



Unit 10

Answerkey1 1Don’t/2Always/3Don’t/Never/4Don’t/Never,Always/5must/

6Don’t/Never,Always/7mustn’t/8Don’t/Never/9mustn’t/10Always

2 Itmightbeveryhot.

Theremightbefuelinsidethetank.

Youcoulddamageyoureyes.

Youmightburnyourself.

Youcouldgetanelectricshock.

3 1run,slip/2use,start/3leave,roll/4allow,injure/5reverse,hit/6climb,fall/7service,trap/8carry,drop/9lift,injure/10walk,fall

4 1found/2was/3was/4put/5was/6were/7were/8were/9crossed/10had/11told/12drive/13was/14was/15were/16drove/17fell/18was/19didnotsee/20went/21hurt/22wasnot

5 1Wheredidtheaccidenttakeplace?/2Whendidithappen?/3Whydidtheaccidenthappen?/4Werethereanywarningnoticesorfloormarkers?/5Whatfelloffthefork-lifttruck?/6Whowalkedintotheloadontheground?/7Whydidn’theseetheloadontheground?/8Whatdidheinjure?



Answerkey1 1C/2B/3A

2 1fuelpipeline/2fuelrail/3injectors/4pressureregulator/5returnfuelpipeline/6fueltank/7fuelpump/8pressurereliefvalve/9non-returnvalve/10fuelfilter

3 1b/2c/3c4/c5c

4 1flow/2rise/3toclose/4fromentering/5toremain/6toenter/7toenter/8enter/9toturn/10toflow/11tochange

5 1allows/2prevents/3lets/4doesn’tlet/5allows/6causes/7makes

Unit 11



Unit 12

Answerkey1

Numberofwheels 6 Length 12,862mm

Fueltankcapacity 4,354or4,922 Width 7,680mm

Max.enginespeed 1,750rpm Height 6,494mm

Max.speed(loaded) 54.3kph Groundclearance 1,005mm

Numberofaxles 2 Wheelbase 5,905mm

Weight(empty) 116,707kg Max.load 218tonnes

2 1hasaheightofabout6.5metresandalengthofmorethan12.8metres./2hasaweightofover116tonnes./3aloadofupto218tonnes./4hasacapacityofatleast4,900litres./5thefrontaxlecarriesabout46%oftheweight;therearaxlecarriesabout54%oftheweight./6thefrontaxlecarriesabout33%oftheweight;therearaxlecarriesabout67%oftheweight.

3 1fueltank/2exhaust/3silencer/4chassis/5engine/6diskbrakes/7driveshaft/8battery/9steeringwheel/10body/11suspension/12drumbrakes

4 1disconnected/2Ihave/3connected/4Ihaven’t/5lubricated/6disconnectedanddismantled/7repaired/8Ihaven’t/9I’mdoingthat/10Haveyouinspected/11No,Ihaven’tdonethat/12I’lldothat/13takenoff/14Yes,Ihave/15removedthedents/16Ihaven’tremovedthem/17I’lldothat


Unit 1Petroleum

Answerkey1 1well/2pipe/3tank/4string/5barrel/6field/7drill/8hole/9bit/10collar

2 1oilfield/2drillstring/3drillbit/4drillpipe/5wellhole/6drillcollar

3 1c/2h/3b/4f/5g/6a/7d/8e

4 1ninetyrevolutionsperminute/2fourhundredandseventeenmillimetres/3onehundred(orahundred)andfifty-ninelitres/4fourteenkilometres/5fivehundredandeighteenmetres/6eighthundredandeightybarrelsperday

5 190rpm/2880b/d/3417mm/4518m/514km/6159L

6 1stop/2down/3lower/4right/5pickup

7 1name’s/2What’s/3I’m/4work/5Pleased/6do/7What’s/8I’m


Unit 2Petroleum

Answerkey1 Adrillpipe/Bdrillbit/Cdrillcollar/Dwellhole/Edrillstring

2 Thecorrectorderis:1Attachthedrillpipetothedrillbit./2Putthecollaronthedrillbit./3Fixthekellytothedrillpipe./4Tripthedrillstringintothewellhole./5Slidethekellyintotheturntable./6Switchonthepower./7Drillthehole./8Attachanotherdrillpipetothestring./9Tripthedrillstringoutofthewellhole./10Installthecasinginthewellhole.

3 1Raisethedrillbitoutofthewellhole./2Takethecollaroffthedrillpipe./3Pushthedrillstringintothewellhole./4Putthedrillbitonthedrillpipeandtightenit.

4 1some/2what/3how/4need/5what’s/6called/7what/8They’re/9do/10It’s


Unit 3Petroleum

Answerkey1 1T/2F–they’reinthecentre/3F–they’reontheplatform/4F–they’retotheright/5T/6T

2 1Themotorisontheplatform,totherightoftheengines./2Thefueltanksareontheplatform,totheleftoftheengines./3Therampistotherightoftheplatformandtotheleftoftheracks./4Themudpitisbelowthepumpandtotheleftofthewatertank./5Thepumpisontheplatform,totherightofthederrick.

3 Possibleanswers:1Thewatertankisbelowtheplatformtotherightofthemudpit./2Thegeneratorisbelowtheplatformandthemotor./3Theenginesareontheplatform,totherightofthefueltanks.

4 1Thederricksupportstheblockandthekelly./2Theenginesdrivethegenerator./3Thefueltanksstorefuelfortheengine./4Thegeneratordrivesthemotor./5Thepiperacksholdthedrillpipes./6Themotorturnstheturntable.

5 1drivethemotor,does/2do,holdthedrillpipes/3drivethegenerator,do/4does,do,turnstheturntable/5Does,doesn’t/6Do,don’t

6 1is/2It’s/3use/4does/5grips/6are/7has/8have/9does/10hold/11work/12goes/13pull/14grips


Unit 4Petroleum

Answerkey1 1F–it’satthetopofthederrick./2T/3F–thekellyisbetweentheswivelandtheturntable./4F–the

cablemovesdiagonallyupwardsfromthewinch./5T/6F–itrotates.

2 1d/2e/3a/4f/5c/6b

3 1can’t,can/2can,can’t/3can’t,can/4can,can’t

4 1Slidethekellyintotheturntable./2Lowerthedrillpipeintothewellhole./3Turnthehandleofthewinch./4Attachthedrillpipetothekelly./5Raisethedrillpipeoutofthewellhole./6Hangtheswivelfromthehook.

5 1switchon,Dmoves/2switcheson,Brotates/3Turnoff,Adoesn’t/4turnoff,Cdon’t

6 1has/2rotate/3doesnot/4releases/5moves/6lowers/7start/8rotate


Unit 5Petroleum

Answerkey1 1swivel/2kelly/3casing/4drillstring/5drillcollar/6drillbit

2 Aannulus/Brockcuttings/Creservepit/Dshaleslide/Emudreturnline/Fshaker/Gstandpipe/Hrotaryhose/Imudpump

3 1inlet/2outlet/3pump/4into

4 Thecorrectorderis:1Thepumpssuckthedrillingmudoutofthemudpits./2Theythenpumpthefluidthroughahosetotherotaryequipment./3Fromtherotaryhoseitenterstheswivelandthekelly./4Itthenflowsdownthroughthedrillstring./5Itthenleavesthedrillbitandflowsaroundtheannulus./6Thefluidpicksuppiecesofrockandsand./7Thenthemudrisesupthewellholebetweenthedrillpipeandthecasing./8Atthetopofthewell,thefluidflowsthroughthemudreturnlineintotheshaker./9Theshakertakesthecuttingsoutofthefluid./10Thefluidthengoesintothemudpitsagain,andthecuttingsenterthereservepit.

5 1around/2from/3up/4through/5into/6down/7outof/8up

6 1pull,push/2carries/3passes,flows/4leaves/5sinks,stay

7 1Ifthepumpisoff,thedrillingmuddoesn’tflowtothedrillstring./2Ifthedrillingmuddoesn’tflow,therockcuttingsdon’trisetothetopofthewell./3Iftheenginesareoff,thekellyandthedrillstringdon’trotate./4Ifthedrillstringdoesn’trotate,thedrillbitdoesn’tcuttherock.


Unit 6Petroleum

Answerkey1 1B/2C/3E/4F/5A/6D

2 1made,bends,break/2heat,melt,cuts/3break/crack,pushes/4bend,pulls/5made,break,corrode/6pull/stretch,break

3 1cF/2eD/3aB/4fE/5dA/6bC

4 1Theplasticintheenginedoesnotmeltwhenyouheatit./2Thispipeismadeofsyntheticrubberbecauseitiscorrosion-resistant./3Theropeismadeofnylonbecauseyoucannotstretchitifyoupullit./4Ifyoupullthissyntheticfibre,itdoesnotstretchorbreak.(does/not)

5 1areraising/2isturning/3ismoving/4ispulling/5areattaching/6ishappening/7arelowering/8isrotating/9isflowing/10aretheydoing/11arerotating/iscutting


Unit 7Petroleum

Answerkey1 1510m/2200m/3two/4100m/520m/6300m/7400m/81200m2

2 1Thepipelineisfivekilometreslong./2Theseaisfivehundredmetresdeep./3Theheli-portistwentymetresinwidth./4Thelengthofthedrillingplatformisfortymetres.

3 1Theverticalwellis300mdeep./2Thederrickis100mhigh./3Theheli-portis25mlongand20mwide./4Thepilesare20mdeep./5Thedrillingplatformis40mlong.

4 1Howhighisthederrickabovesealevel?It’s210metreshigh./2What’stheareaoftheheli-port?Itsareais500m2./3Howdeepistheseaattheplatform?It’s500mdeep./4What’sthewidthofthedrillingplatform?Ithasawidthof30m./5What’sthetotalheightofthejacketabovetheseabed?Itsheightis510m.

5 1Thenewplatformwon’tbereadynextyear.It’llbereadytwoyearsfromnow./2Therigwon’thavehorizontalwells.It’llhavediagonalandverticalwells./3Thepileswon’textend40metresbelowtheseafloor.They’llextendonly35metres./4Thecrewquarterswon’taccommodate500workers.They’llaccommodateonly400./5Theplatformwon’tproduce40,000bpd.It’llproducemorethan60,000.

6 1much/2many/3many/4much


Unit 8Petroleum

Answerkey1 Thecorrectorderis:1Surveythelandalongtheplannedroute./2Cleartherouteandlevelit./

3Stringpipesinalinealongtheroute./4Diga2-metretrenchalongtheroutenexttothepipestring./5Weldthepipesintoalongpipesectionandbenditintoshape./6Lowertheweldedpipesectionintothetrenchandweldittothepipeline./7Coverthepipelinewithearth./8Testthepipeline.Pumpfluidthroughitandcheckforleaks.

2 1planned/2surveyed/3cleared/4done/5laid/6strung/7dug/8finish/9completed/10welded/11welding/12finish

3 1burnt/2cracks/3missing/4dents/5blocked/6twisted/7leaking/8broken

4 1dug/2used/3saw/4lit/5came/6made/7excavated/8drilled/9invented/10completed


Unit 9Petroleum

Answerkey1 1supplystation/2regulatorstation/3gauges/4pipeline/5terminal/6controlstation

2 1c/2f/3e/4d/5b/6a

3 1measure/2compresses,pumps/3check,switchoff/4give/5falls,transmits/6receive,send

4 1theyare/2theywon’t/3theyhaven’t/4itisn’t/5theydidn’t/6ithas

5 1suspendedfrom/2mountedon/3connectedto/4disconnectedfrom

6 Possibleanswer:Checkthepressurevalve.Ifthepressureistoolow,closethevalvestations,butifthepressureistoohigh,releasethepressure.Thencheckthetemperaturevalve.Ifthetemperatureistoohigh,switchoffthepump,butifitisnottoohigh,increasethepumpspeed.


Unit 10Petroleum

Answerkey1 1D/2J/3E/4A/5C/6B/7F/8I/9H/10G

2 1never/2always,mustn’t/3always,never/4mustn’t,must

3 Possibleanswers:1Aguardrailonastairwaywasmissing./2Therewerenoguardsonthewinch./3Threedrillersdidnotweartheirhardhats./4Therewerenutsandboltsmissingfromtheswivel./5Therewerenocablesforthetools./6Thewalkwaywasblockedwithhoses.

4 1happened/2didithappen/3had/4washe/5highwashe/6hefall/7Didhewear/8didhehave


Unit 11Petroleum

Answerkey1 1valve/2wellhead/3casing/4wellhole

2 Possibleanswers:1cpreventsD/2dmakesG/3ballowE/4fletsF/5gpreventsA/6estopsC/7acausesB/8hpermitH

3 1Thesteelpipepreventswaterfromenteringthewellhole./2Theperforatinggunmakesholesforminthesideofthecasing./3Theperforationsallowoiltoenterthebottomofthewell./4Thetubingletsoilriseuptothewellhead./5Thepackerpreventsoilfromflowingbetweenthetubingandthecasing./6Thewellheadstopsoilfromescapingfromthewell./7Acidcauseslimestonerocktodissolveandbreakup./8Valvespermitthecrewtostoptheflowofoilthroughthewellhead.

4 1Theturntablemakesthekellyrotate./2Theheli-portallowshelicopterstolandontheoilplatform./3Thepumpscausethemudandrockcuttingstorisetothetopofthewell./4Theshakerpreventslargecuttingsfromenteringthemudpit./5Theholeintheswivelletsthedrillingmudflowintothekelly./6Theblowoutpreventerstopsoilandgasfromexplodingoutofthewellhole.

5 Correctorder:1Theelectricmotormakesthegearboxoperate./2Thismakesalevermoveupanddown./3Thelevercausesapolishrodtogoupanddown./4Thisrodisattachedtoasuckerrod./5Thisrodisconnectedtoapiston./6Whenthesuckerrodmovesup,itcausesthepumptomoveup./7Thesuctionfromthepumpmakestheoilflowupthetubing.


Unit 12Petroleum

Answerkey1 1Yes,theyhave./2InthefourthweekofJanuary/3Installingtheliftingandrotarysystem,settingupthe

mudtanksandmudpumps,andconnectingthemudpipesandhoses/4InthethirdweekofMarch.

2 1Haveyouraised/2didyouassemble/3assembled/4Areyouinstalling/5settingup/6connecting/7willyoustring/8do

3 1dug/2havedrilled/3transported/4installed/5assemble/6assembled/7raised/8installed/9doing/10settingup/11areconnecting/12strung/13string/14won’tput/15put/16willsetup

4 1Detachthekellyfromthetravellingblock./2Fillinthemudandreservepits./3Disconnectthemudpipesandhosesfromtheequipment./4Dismantletherigplatform./5Takedownalltheelectriccables./6Lowerthederrick./7Removetheequipmentfromthesite./8Uninstallthepowersystemanddetachitfromthecables.

5 Bestorderfordismantlingtherig(otheranswersarepossible): 11/27/34/46/53/65/78/82

6 Possibleanswer(basedon5): Firstofall,myteamdetachedthekellyfromthetravellingblock.Next,weuninstalledthepowersystemanddetacheditfromthecables.Then,wetookdownalltheelectriccables.Next,wedisconnectedthemudpipesandhosesfromtheequipment.Afterthat,weloweredthederrickanddismantledtherigplatform.Next,wefilledinthemudandreservepits.Andfinally,weremovedalltheequipmentfromthesite.



Unit 1

Answer key1 The tanker driver. He pumped 36,000 litres of fuel into the wrong tank.

2 1 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 T / 5 T / 6 F

3 1 start / 2 Drain / 3 drain / 4 refill / 5 put in / 6 top up / 7 start / 8 Drain / 9 refill / 10 put in / 11 top up / 12 run / 13 put in / 14 start / 15 Drain / 16 refill

4 1 pushing it down now, taken it off / 2 topping it up now, flushed it out / 3 lifting it up, taken them off. 4 switching it on now, turned them on.

5 1 screwdriver / 2 wire brush / 3 gear lever / 4 jack / 5 wheel gun / 6 box spanner / 7 tyre valve 8 dipstick

6 1 tighten, using / 2 measure, looking / 3 check, attaching / 4 adjust / 5 clean, brushing / 6 raise / 7 loosen / 8 put, using



Answer key 1 1 g / 2 b / 3 e / 4 d / 5 h / 6 a / 7 c / 8 f

2 1 broaching / 2 turning / 3 filing / 3 chiselling / 5 drilling

3 1 Bernard usually planes flat workpieces in the morning and chisels screw-heads in the afternoon. But today he’s milling brake disks in the morning and filing brake drums in the afternoon.

2 Pedro usually turns bolts in the morning and turns drive shafts in the afternoon. But today he’s planing gear wheels in the morning and chiselling nuts in the afternoon.

3 Michael usually grinds exhaust pipes in the morning and grinds valves in the afternoon. But today he’s turning crankshafts in the morning and turning connecting rods in the afternoon.

4 Wayne usually files engine blocks in the morning and drills engine blocks in the afternoon. But today he’s turning pistons in the morning and grinding gear wheels in the afternoon.

4 Job B

5 1 worked / 2 left / 3 became / 4 studied / 5 was awarded / 6 started / 7 went / 8 am looking / 9 enclose / 10 gives

Unit 2



Unit 3

Answer key 1 A 3 / B 4 / C 1 / D 6 / E 5 / F 2

2 The Seden has the best owner’s comments.

3 1 the cheapest / 2 the worst / 3 the noisiest / 4 least / 5 less comfortable / 6 better / 7 less economical / 8 the best / 9 most / 10 higher / 11 the most reliable / 12 more comfortable / 13 more expensive

4 1 higher / 2 heavier / 3 stronger / 4 longer / 5 greater / 6 higher / 7 heavier / 8 higher / 9 more expensive / 10 heavier / 11 greater / 12 less / 13 more / 14 noisier

5 1 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 F / 5 T / 6 F



Unit 4

Answer key1 1 Bus chassis / 2 Delivery area / 3 Panel pressing / 4 Body assembly line / 5 Paint shop / 6 Trim line /

7 Final assembly line

2 1 The frame of the bus is assembled in the factory. The bottom part of the bus is assembled outside by another company. / 2 floor, windows, lighting, insulation, seats / 3 sanding, washing, cleaning, spray-painting, baking

3 1 Then / 2 Lastly / 3 At the end of this stage / 4 Before / 5 next / 6 At the end of this process / 7 After 8 While / 9 Finally / 10 last of all / 11 At the same time / 12 at this point / 13 Finally

4 1 c / 2 e / 3 h / 4 g / 5 f / 6 d / 7 a / 8 b

5 Sample answer: It is longer, wider and lower. It has more doors, which are wider. It can go up and down. It holds more passengers. It has very few seats.

6 1 Because the bus carries large numbers of passengers. / 2 To allow passengers to get on and off quickly and easily. / 3 AC system, all-round windows, electronic indicator boards. / 4 To allow easy boarding. / 5 To allow wheelchair users and people with infant pushchairs to board the bus. / 6 To allow more people inside the bus; because the passengers travel only a short distance.



Unit 5

Answer key 1 1 steering shaft coupling / 2 pinion / 3 rack / 4 track rod ball joint / 5 track rod / 6 universal joint /

7 ball swivel joint / 8 suspension arm / 9 steering column / 10 steering wheel

2 1 A steering column is a long round shaft that is rotated by the steering wheel. / 2 A safety coupling is a joint that separates upon impact. / 3 A universal joint is a joint in a shaft that allows rotation when the shaft is not in a straight line. / 4 A rack is a flat toothed bar that engages with the pinion and moves in a straight line. / 5 A pinion is a toothed wheel that rotates and engages with the rack. / 6 A track rod ball joint is a joint that allows the car wheel to be turned.

3 1 PAS pump / 2 oil / 3 control valve / 4 control valve / 5 control valve / 6 Oil / 7 ports / 8 piston / 9 power cylinder / 10 control valve / 11 ports / 12 Oil / 13 port / 14 piston / 15 power cylinder

4 1 vehicle / 2 machine / 3 system / 4 device / 5 an instrument / 6 a tool / 7 a handbook / 8 a generator / 9 system / 10 a person

5 1 An HGV is a (heavy goods) vehicle that is used to transport goods. / 2 A petrol engine is a self-running machine that propels a car or small van. / 3 The transmission is a system that transfers power from the crankshaft to the wheels. / 4 A sensor is a device that detects changes in the car’s operating or running systems. / 5 A speedometer is an instrument that displays a vehicle’s speed. / 6 A jack is a tool that raises the end or side of a car for a wheel change. / 7 The owner’s manual is a handbook which explains how to operate the controls. / 8 The alternator is a generator which generates electricity to charge the battery. / 9 SATNAV is a navigation system which transmits and receives information via satellite. / 10 An autobody technician is a person who repairs damaged bodywork.



Unit 6

Answer key 1 Ventilation d / Ignition c / Containment a / Exchange e / Separation b

a) Are there, Are there / b) Are there / c) Is there / d) Is there / e) Is there

2 Don’t: 1 2 3 5 8 9 10 11 / Do: 4 6 7 12

3 1 Containers of flammable liquids must be kept closed when not in use. / 2 The working area needs to be kept dust-free by regular cleaning. / 3 Flammable dusts should not be allowed to build up in working areas. / 4 Flammable solids have to be kept away from heaters and electrical equipment. / 5 Gangways and exits must be kept clear of all materials containing flammable solids. / 6 Hoses should not be used with flammable gases if they become damaged or worn. / 7 Oxygen must not be used instead of compressed air. / 8 The labels and safety data sheets for chemicals need to be checked.

4 dust-free / well-ventilated / flammable / clear closed / lidded / fresh (air) / suitable

5 1 should be sprayed, should be allowed / 2 should be removed, should be cleaned / 3 should be trickle-charged / 4 should not be allowed / 5 should be emptied / 6 should be carried out, should be changed / 7 should be slackened, should not be slackened / 8 should be lubricated / 9 should be placed / 10 should be removed, stored



Answer key 1 Sample answers: 1 the oil level might be too low. / 2 the coolant temperature could be too high; the

coolant level may be too low; the radiator fan may have failed. / 3 there must be a fault with the charging system; the battery terminals may be slack, or the alternator drive belt might be loose or broken; the alternator could have failed. / 4 the brake fluid level may be too low. / 5 the front brake pads must have reached their maximum wear level; the rear brake pads may also have reached their maximum wear level. / 6 there could be a malfunction with the system; both systems must be defective.

2 A 5 / B 3 / C 1 / D 2 / E 2 / F 4

3 1 Try switching off the engine and checking the oil level. / 2 Why don’t you check the coolant level first? If the coolant level is correct, you could check the radiator fan fuse and renew it if necessary. / 3 First, switch off the engine. Then you could check the battery terminals and alternator drive belt. / 4 Why don’t you check the brake fluid level and top up if necessary? If the brake fluid level is correct, you could take the vehicle to a garage for checking. / 5 Why don’t you take the vehicle to a garage? You could ask the garage to check the rear brake pads at the same time. / 6 You should take the vehicle to a garage as soon as possible.

4 1 The oil level was topped up. / 2 The radiator fan fuse was renewed. / 3 The battery terminals were tightened. / 4 The alternator drive belt was replaced. / 5 The engine management system (EMS) was reset. / 6 The brake fluid level was topped up. / 7 The front brake pads were replaced. / 8 The rear brake pads were checked.

5 Sample answers: 1 Try freewheeling down the hill. / 2 Why don’t you get your passengers to push-start the car? / 3 You could try tow-starting the car. / 4 Why don’t you use jump leads to start the engine of the car with the flat battery? / 5 In this situation, you must use jump leads. / 6 You should buy a new one.

Unit 7



Unit 8

Answer key 1 1 brake fluid reservoir / 2 master cylinder / 3 footbrake / 4 brake fluid / 5 drum brakes / 6 single-line

hydraulic layout / 7 disk brakes / 8 lever / 9 cable / 10 rear drum brakes

2 1 b / 2 c / 3 b / 4 b / 5 b / 6 a / 7 c / 8 a / 9 c

3 1 shoes / 2 back-plate / 3 axle tube / 4 Friction linings / 5 supply pipe / 6 shoes / 7 drum / 8 disk / 9 friction pads / 10 supply pipe / 11 friction pads / 12 disk / 13 interconnecting pipe / 14 pistons

4 1 a disk brake / 2 a drum brake / 3 a disk brake / 4 the front wheels / 5 the rear wheels / 6 when the brake pedal is operated



Unit 9

Answer key 1 1 shortest / 2 at intervals / 3 approximately / 4 more rapid / 5 continuous / 6 less than / 7 over / 8 less than

2 1 above / 2 the desired speed / 3 at the speed / 4 more than / 5 more than / 6 in steps / 7 less than / 8 higher / 9 approximately

3 1 The parking distance warning system calculates how far away the obstacle is. / 2 You can tell how far you are from the obstacle by listening how fast the audible warning signal is. / 3 The functioning of the system depends on how fast the driver is reversing. / 4 The functioning of the reversing sensors depends on how clean they are. / 5 The functioning of the cruise control system depends on how fast you are driving. / 6 The cruise control system measures how long you are driving at a speed of more than 10 kph over the stored speed. / 7 You can decide how you decelerate by pressing or holding the rocker switch.

4 1 It should be checked. / 2 Yes, it should be serviced now; the air filter element should be replaced; the housing should be cleaned. / 3 The oil level in the final drive for the gearbox should be checked. / 4 The camshaft drive belt and tensioner roller should be replaced. / 5 The air filter element and the spark plugs should be replaced.

5 1 fortnightly / 2 every fortnight, before any long journey / 3 at recommended service intervals 4 regularly, as necessary / 5 over time, once a year



Unit 10

Answer key 1

Component Property Example Material

conductor allows the flow of an electrical current

wire, bar copper, platinum, gold, silver

insulators resists the flow of an electrical current

insulation material for a cable

glass, plastic, rubber, porcelain, PVC

semiconductors allows some electrical current to flow

temperature sensor

silicon, germanium

2 1 component / 2 properties / 3 good conductors / 4 insulating material / 5 resistance value / 6 electrical current / 7 affect

3 1 current / 2 signals / 3 resistance / 4 higher / 5 lower / 6 overheat / 7 fuses / 8 blade connectors / 9 plastic housing / 10 conductor / 11 blown fuse

4 1 The driver left the headlights on, so the car had a flat battery. / 2 Since the driver tried the starter motor again and again, the battery became flat. / 3 The driver didn’t have a spare fuse, therefore he couldn’t replace the blown fuse. / 4 The wire in the circuit melted since the wrong fuse was used. / 5 The mechanic didn’t have a wiring diagram for the car and as a result couldn’t repair the car. / 6 The fuse blew because the current in the circuit was too high. / 7 The driver couldn’t see out of the rear window, as the rear windscreen heater was broken.

5 1 e / 2 a / 3 d / 4 g / 5 b / 6 f / 7 c



Unit 11

Answer key 1 A 3 / B 5 / C 1 / D 6 / E 2 / F 4

2 1 taper roller bearings / 2 roller bearings, spherical roller bearings / 3 ball bearings / 4 a bush bearing, a split bearing / 5 spherical roller bearings, taper roller bearings, double-row ball bearings

3 1 inner race / 2 cage / 3 balls / 4 outer race

4 1 quarries and landfill sites

2 8.8 litre 6-cylinder engine; top speed of 10 kph in travel mode; work mode is slower; independent power and control for each track

3 Bucket width: 3.3 m; bucket capacity: 4.7 m3

4 Rigid box-sections; steel frame; bucket of high-strength low alloy steel

5 Sections: resist torsional forces. Frame: flexibility, durability and resistance to forces. Bucket: resists dents and damage

6 Designed for comfort and ease of operation; AC and heating (standard); 2 groups of instruments: gauges, warning indicators

5 Sample answer:

1 The aim of the design was to produce an articulated dump truck with greater power and the ability to carry increased payloads. The designers considered the needs of users, for example, quarries, landfill sites, the forestry industry and construction sites.

2 The new design has a 5.9 litre engine with a top speed of 50 kph.

3 The truck has a maximum payload capacity of 20 tonnes, or 12 m3. The increased dimensions allow the truck to carry a payload 15% greater than before.

4 The powerful engine drives the truck through six forward gears and three reverse gears. One main advantage is that the driver can choose manual or automatic transmission. The design uses a twin hydraulic system, one for steering and tipping and the second for braking and suspension. In addition there is a power-assisted dual braking system.

5 The design uses high tensile strength steel for the chassis to support the increased payload. The advantage of the box-section reinforcements is that the truck has greater rigidity and resistance to increased loading forces.

6 The redesigned driver’s cab features reduced noise and vibration from the engine, plus improved visibility and stability. AC is fitted as a standard feature.



Unit 12

Answer key 1 1 lead acid battery / 2 nickel-metal hybride battery / 3 li-ion battery / 4 cathode / 5 anode / 6 electrolyte

2lithium-ion (li-ion) nickel-metal hybride (NiMH) lead-acid

Watt-hours per kg of battery 150 60–70 25

% loss of charge per month 5% 20%

3 1 first made in the 1970s / 2 referred to as insertion / 3 referred to as extraction / 4 extracted from the anode / 5 extracted from the cathode / 6 obtained / 7 stored in the batteries

4 1 The lithium batteries which were first made in the 1970s were not as safe as the current li-ion batteries.

2 Lithium moves into the anode or cathode, a process which is referred to as insertion.

3 Lithium moves out of the anode or cathode, a process which is referred to as extraction.

4 When the cell discharges, the lithium which is extracted from the anode is inserted into the cathode.

5 When the cell charges, the lithium which is extracted from the cathode is inserted into the anode.

6 The advantage of li-ion chemistry is the high open circuit voltage which is obtained in comparison to other batteries like lead-acid or nickel-metal hybride.

7 Laptops use the energy which is stored in the batteries through the movement of lithium ions.

5 1 e / 2 c / 3 g / 4 i / 5 f / 6 h / 7 b / 8 j / 9 d / 10 a

6 1 rechargeable / 2 store / 3 application / 4 functional / 5 manufacture / 6 popular


Unit 1

Answerkey1 A2/B7/C4/D3/E9/F1/G5/H10/I6/J8

2 1f/2c/3b/4a/5d/6e

3 1Youtripinthedrillstringbyloweringitthroughtherotarytableintothewellhole./2Yourigupbyraisingthederrickandassemblingtheequipmentontherig./3Youmakeupthestringbyattachingthedrillbittothedrillcollaranddrillpipes./4Youbreakoutthestringbyunscrewingallthedrillpipesfromoneanother./5Youtripoutthestringbyliftingthedrillbit,collaranddrillpipesoutofthewellhole./6Youlaydownthepipesbyputtingthemdownhorizontallyonthepiperacks./7Youshutinthewellbyclosingallthevalvesonthewellheadandstoppingoilfrompouringout./8Youinstallthecasingbyrunningacasingpipedownthewellandfixingitinthewellwithcement.

4 1shutting,in,shut,in/2tripping,out,tripped,out

5 1We’resettingthembacknow.OK,we’vesetthemback./2We’relayingthemdownnow.OK,we’velaidthemdown./3We’repickingitupnow.OK,we’vepickeditup./4We’remakingitupnow.OK,we’vemadeitup.

6 1rotarytable/2casing/3winch/4drillbit/5hook/6drillcollar

7 Possibleanswers:1Youmakethekellyrotatebymeansoftherotarytable./2Youpreventthesidesofthewellholefromcollapsingusingacasingpipe./3Youraiseandlowerthecablebyusingawinch./4Youcuttherockatthebottomofthewellbymeansofthedrillbit./5Youattachthekellytotheswivelusingthehook./6Youaddaheavyweighttothedrillbitbyusingthedrillcollar.


Unit 2

Answerkey1 1drillingengineer/2mudengineer/3toolpusher/4motorhand/5driller/6derrickhand/

7roughneck/8roustabout

2 1manages/2reports/3doesnot/4receives/5is/6reportsto/7control/8handling/9works/10supervises

3 1was/2studied/3have/4joined/5doing/6completed/7attending/8planning/9attend

4 Possibleanswers:1Whatwasyourfirstoiljob,andwherewasit?/2WhendidyoujointheMarinaRig?/3Whereareyouworkingatthemoment,andwhatjobareyoudoing?/4Whatqualificationsdoyouhave?/5Wheredidyoustudyforyourdiploma?/6WhendidyoustartworkontheNewStaroffshoreplatform?/7Whendidyoudoyoursafetytraining?/8Areyoufollowinganytrainingcoursesatthemoment?


Unit 3

Answerkey1 AFixedplatforms/BComplianttowers/CSeastarplatforms/DTensionlegplatforms/ESparplatforms

2 1F/2F/3T/4T/5T/6T

3 1longerandwider/2deepest/3deep/4strongest,mostflexible/5leastflexible6/long

4 1morelightweight/2shallower/3shorter/4cheaper/5easier/6safer/7fewer/8less/9small/10largest/11deepest/12mosteconomical


Unit 4

Answerkey1 1Surveyingandmappingtheseabed/2Planningtherouteofthepipeline/3Constructingthepipes/

4Connectingthepipesintoapipeline/5Layingthepipelineontheseabed/6Buryingthepipelineundertheseabed/7Cleaningoutthepipelinebeforeuse

2 AFig2/BFig1/1trench/2pipeline/3stinger/4anchorline/5anchor/6gravel

3 1Theoilisbroughtonshorebymeansofpipelines./2Thepipesarecoveredwithbitumenandconcrete./3Thepipesareweldedtogetheronthelaybarge./4Thenewpipelineislaidontheseabedusingalaybarge./5Thelaybargeiswinchedforwardsusingitsanchorlines./6Atrenchisdugunderthepipelineusingapipetrenchingbarge.

4 1Thepipesarecoatedwithbitumen,whichprotectsthemfromwater./2Thesailorsswitchonthewinch,whichpullsthebargeforwards./3Thepipesaretakentothewelders,whojointhemtogetherintoapipeline./4Thepipelineisguidedbyastinger,whichpreventsitfromsinkingtooquickly./5Theyuseapipelineinspectiongauge,whichcleansoutthepipe./6Thepipelinerouteisplannedbysurveyors,whomaptheseabed.

5 1c/2a/3e/4b/5d

6 Possibleanswer:First,thejacketisfabricatedonshore.Next,thefinishedjacketistowedouttothefieldincalmweatherandlaunchedintothesea.Next,thejacketisturnedrightsideupbyfloodingthetanksinitslegs.Thenpilesaredriventosecurethejackettotheseabed.Finally,theplatformisbroughttothejacketandliftedontothejacketbymeansofcranes.


Unit 5

Answerkey1 1annularBOP/2blindramBOP/3shearramBOP

2 1blindramBOP/2annularBOP/3shearramBOP

3 Possibleanswers:1What’stheblowoutpreventerfor?/2WhereistheBOPlocated?/3WhyistheBOPneeded?(or,What’stheBOPneededfor?)/4HowisthewellshutdownbytheblindramBOP?/5Whendotheoilworkersstartthekillprocedure?/6HowaretheramsontheBOPoperated(or,powered)?

4 1blowoutpreventer/2annularBOP/3shearramBOP/4chokeline/5sealofanannularBOP/6bladesonashearramBOP/7platesonablindramBOP/8BOPstack

5 1which/2for/3to/4that/5to/6for/7as/8used


Unit 6

Answerkey1 Thefollowingruleswerebroken:5,7

2 A6/B5,7,8,9/C1,10/D3,4/E2/F11,12/G14,15,16/H13

3 Possibleanswers:1PPEmustbewornatalltimesontheplatform./2Theresponsetimeofthesafetyvesselhastobechecked./3Adangerzoneneedstobeestablishedandclearlymarkedaroundtherotarytable./4Lanyardshavetobetakenoffnearmovingequipment.5Looseclothing,longhair,jewelleryandwatchesneedtoberemovedorconfined./6Dangerousitemsmustnotbebroughtaboardoffshoreoilrigs.

4 1shouldbe,marked/2shouldbeinstalled/3shouldnotbepermitted/4shouldbelocated/5shouldbesetup/6shouldberemoved

5

6 Youarehere(pointB).ToreachtheTSR,followthesedirections.Gostraightahead.Takethesecondturningonyourrightandgostraightahead.Thentakethefirstturningonyourleftandgostraightahead.YouwillcometoaTjunction.Turnleft.TheTSRisonyourright.J7274

PEARSON Tech Eng Webiste Petroleum 02aw_06_04_J7274.eps

AW by HL Studios

TSR

AB

Escape routes on oil platform


Unit 7

Answerkey1 1gas/2oil/3water/4caprock/5reservoirrock/6sourcerock

2 AFig2/BFig3/CFig1

3 1F/2T/3T/4T

4 1be,don’t/2have,setup,drilling/3be,drill/4trapping,looking

5 (a)4/(b)6/(c)1/(d)9/(e)7/(f)8/(g)2/(h)3/(i)5

6 1OurcompanywasaskedtodoasurveyofZone3./2Thesurveywascompletedlastweekonschedule./3Thesurveyreportwasreceivedyesterday./4Nodirectevidenceofoildepositswasfound./5Someinterestingfeatureswereobserved./6Ananticlineandafaultwereseen.


Unit 8

Answerkey1 1T/2F/3T/4F/5T/6T

2 1Becauseitcan’tbeusedasitis.Itcontainsamixtureofusefulsubstances,buttheyhavetobeseparatedout./2Thatdifferentsubstanceshavedifferentboilingpoints,andthereforecondenseatdifferenttemperatures./3Thetray./4Toallowthegastobubblethroughtheliquidandhelpittocondensemorequickly.

3 A5/B7/C6/D1/E3/F8/G2/H4

4 1which/2When/3by/4As/5for/6from/7that/8to

5 1hastoberefined,canbeusedforpetrolorjet

2oilwasburntinlamps,isextractedfrom

3isboiled,thefactionsareconvertedinto

4fluidiscollectedby,iscarriedoutofthefractionatorthrougha


Unit 9

Answerkey1 offshore:Fig1/onshore:Fig2

2 1seismicwave/2airgun/3hydrophone/4rocklayer/5thumpertruck/6plates/7geophone/8seismicrecordingtruck

3 1thumpertruck/2seismicrecordingtruck/3seismicship/4airgun/5geophone/6hydrophone

4 1groundsurvey/2rocklayers/3airgun/4shockwaves

5 1Doyouknowhowoldtherockis?/2Findoutwhatkindofrockisunderthispoint./3Theystudytherocktocheckhowporousitis./4Weneedtoknowhowmuchliquidorgastherockcontains./5SeismologystudieshowseismicwavesmovethroughtheEarth./6Thegeophysicistestimatesexactlyhowdeeptheoilis.

6 1forexample/2inotherwords/3However/4Inaddition

7 1about/2one-third/3justover/4one-eighth/5one-tenth/6one-eighth/7justunder/8one-tenth


Unit 10

Answerkey1 1viscous/2fluid/3immiscible/4miscible/5volatile/6stable/7flammable/8non-flammable

2 1viscous/2miscible/3flammable/4volatile/5fluid/6immiscible/7non-flammable/8stable

3 1Whenpetrolevaporates,thegasisflammable./2Oilfloatsonthesurfaceoftheseabecauseitcannotbemixedwithwater./3Thislubricatingoilremainsviscousathightemperatures./4Weneedtobuyanoilthatcanbepouredeasilywhenitiscold./5Jetfuelssuchasavturmusthavealowvolatility./6Thisoilistoodangerousbecauseitcanbeignitedatalowtemperature.

4 1Objective/2Procedure/3Result

5 First,heatahotplateto135°C.Secondly,shaketheoilsamplevigorouslytomakethewatermoleculesspreadequallythroughtheoil.Finally,dropasmallamountofoilontothehotplateusingacleandropper.Ifyoudon’thearanycrackling,andyoudon’tseeanybubblesofvapourafterafewseconds,theoilisfreeofwater.However,ifyouseebubblesorhearcrackling,thereissomewaterintheoil.

6 1of/2to/3is/4is/5to/6if/7is/8does/9does/10is

7 1Thisoilmustnotbeusedbecauseitcontainswater./2Thisfuelignitesatlowtemperatures,andsoitistoodangerousforcars./3Jetplanesneedfuelswithlowvolatility,sincetheyflyathighaltitudes./4We’llbedrivinginacoldcountry,andthereforewemustuseanoilwithalowpourpoint.


Unit 11

Answerkey1 1fractionaldistillation/2alkylation/3reforming/4cracking/5treating/6blending

2 1fractionaldistillation,distillationcolumn,separatefractionsfromcrudeoil,coolfractionsatdifferenttemperatures/2cracking,crackingunit,breakdownheavyhydrocarbons,heatunderhighpressure/3reforming,reformer,combinehydrocarbons,heatunderpressure,useplatinumascatalyst/4alkylation,alkylationunit,changehydrocarbons,usesulphuricacidascatalyst/5treating,treatmentunit,removesulphur,passthroughchemicalfilters/6blending,blender,createproductssuchaspetrol,mixfractionstogether

3 Chooseanythreefromthese:1Fractionaldistillationtakesplaceinthedistillationcolumn.Thepurposeofthisprocessistoseparatethefractions.Itisdonebycoolingthefractionsatdifferenttemperatures./2Crackingtakesplaceinthecrackingunit.Thepurposeofthisprocessistobreakdownheavyhydrocarbonsintosmaller,lighterones.Itisdonebyheatingthemunderhighpressure./3Reformingtakesplaceinthereformer.Thepurposeofthisprocessistocombinehydrocarbonsintolarger,heavierones.Itisdonebyheatingthemunderpressure,usingplatinumasacatalyst./4Alkylationtakesplaceinthealkylationunit.Thepurposeofthisprocessistochangethehydrocarbons.Itisdonebyusingsulphuricacidasacatalyst./5Treatingtakesplaceinthetreatmentunit.Thepurposeofthisprocessistoremovesulphurfromthehydrocarbons.Itisdonebypassingthehydrocarbonsthroughchemicalfilters./6Blendingtakesplaceintheblender.Thepurposeofthisprocessistocreateproductssuchaspetrol.Itisdonebymixingthefractionstogether.

4 1forcoming/2toexplain/3bysaying/4bringsmeto/5let’slookat/6move/7turnto/8shows/9shown/10liketo

5 1advantage,that/2disadvantage,which/3drawback,of/4benefit,be/5would,recommend/6suggest,should


Unit 12

Answerkey1 12km/2300m/328m/435km/52miles/68km

2 1F/2T/3F/4F/5T/6T

3 Possibleanswers:1Whatshapearesnakewells?/2Whataretheadvantagesofsnakewells?/3Howaresnakewellsabletohitsmalltargetssoaccurately?/4Howarethepressureandtemperatureinsidesnakewellsmonitored?/5WhenwastheChampionWestfielddiscoveredanddeveloped?/6Howisdatatransferredfromtheequipmenttothesurfaceofthesnakewell?

4 1beproduced/2bedeveloped/3arecontrolled/4aregenerated/5aremonitored/6istransmitted/7weredrilled/8wasextracted/9wasnotlocated/10found/11wasnotused/12wasinserted/13wasextracted/14wasincreased/15werereduced/16wereadded

5 1thatare/2whichwas/3whichis/4thatis/5whichwere/6whichare

automotive industries unit 1 -...

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