autonomous vehicles will eliminate 90% of road accidents and we...
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2017 Arctic RED Ltd
September 20th 2017
Autonomous vehicles will eliminate 90% of road accidents and we all will be connected to them
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ArcticRED – a leader in autonomous driving tech
RED ADS Autonomous Driving System
Level 5+
Self-driving
Self-mapping
All weather
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Cars today are horrifically inefficient and dangerous
More than 800 cars in the USA per 1000people
Occupancy rate is 1.6 passengers per vehicle
The typical car is parked 95% of the time
A shocking percentage of urban real estate is for parking spaces
Over 30% of traffic in cities might be due to search of parking space
Over 1M casualties annually worldwide,while in the USA:
13M collisions
1.7M caused injuries
2.4M people injured
30.000 people killed (30% involving alcohol)
90% caused by driver error
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$169 billion
Fuel Savings
$488 billion
Accident avoidance
$647 billion
Increased productivity
U.S. market only, non exhaustiveSource: predictions for U.S. market, Morgan Stanley research, 2014
$1.3 trillion annual savings in U.S. only from autonomy
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Levels of vehicle autonomy
0 1 2 3 4 5 5+ 6
HANDS ON TEMPORARYHANDS OFF
HANDS OFF NO DRIVER
DRIVERONLY
HIGHAUTOMATION
ParkingAssistance
CONDITIONALAUTOMATION
ASSISTED FULLAUTOMATION
FULLAUTOMATION
ANDSELF-MAPPING
ADVANCEDCAPABILITIES
E.G.SELF-FLYING
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), extended with levels 5+ and 6
Sustainable business modelsonce mass-adoption achievedTransitory period with incremental and evolutionary adoption
ParkingGarage
Pilot
Traffic JamChauffeur
RobotTaxi
PARTIALAUTOMATION
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What people plan to do when not
driving
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How do we achieve autonomy?
Mapping
Robotics
Machine Learning
Communications
No recognized“winning”blueprint or consensus today
Competing approaches andtechnologies
May be applied exclusivelyor combined
“We map the world and the map will
guide the car”
“We sense the environment and
recognize the objects and choose our
trajectory”
“We don’t decide how the car will make its driving decisions,
we make it learn automatically”
“We communicate what we do, so does everyone else, and
we coordinate together”
Connected andautomated
driving (CAD)
C-V2X - C-ITS
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Can anything else win except all combined?
Mapping
RoboticsMachine Learning
Communications
Combined solution has the potential to provide superior
• Safety• Efficiency• Comfort
It is not difficult to see how removing any one approach from the mix would detoriate at least one of these key success factors.
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Technical requirements for all-weather autonomy
Self-mapping in 3D
Linear way to solve the
complexity of scenarios
Robust positioning algorithms
working in all conditions
Combination of robotics, 3D mapping and
machine learning
Realistic multi-sensory solution (ready for solid
state LiDAR)
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What has been planned in the EU?
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EU earlier work focus in assisted driving approach – focus on helping human driversHelping the vehicle to “see with the eyes of others” and “coordinate maneuvering“The focus needs to elevate at Level 5 and onwards: maximize efficiency at systemic level (e.g. traffic flow speed harmonization) from solving individual driving situations (vs. automated overtake)
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Autonomous is much more than a car
VehicleSegment
SupportSegment
ManufacturerSegment
Geospatial informationReal-time and historical
vehicle information
Neighborhood Segment
ServiceSegment
Services and interconnectivity
Interfaces to car and sensorsStrategic and tactical driving
Geospatial information
R&DOptimizationMaintenance
Events near vehicle
economist.com
ArcticRED
blog.caranddriver.com
ArcticRED
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What does it mean to combine it all?
Service Segment
Services andinter-
connectivity
Security
Support Segment
Geospatial information
Vehicle information
Security
Neighborhood Segment
Events Nearby
Security
Vehicle Segment
Geospatial Information
Autonomous Driving
Sensors and Security
Manufacturer Segment
R&D and Optimization
Data Archive
Maintenance
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Example architecture and interfaces
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
PositioningSystem
PS
DrivingSystem
DS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS
DynamicRoad Map
SystemDRMS
MultiDIMMapMDM
DYNAMICROAD MAPDRM
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCSVehicle
MultiDIMMapMDM
Dynamic Road Map
DRM
SensorsSensors
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Segment
Support Segment
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Vehicle Monitoring
DataVMD
MasterLogML
Sensor DataLog SDL
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
ManufacturerSegment
Storage ManagerSM
MasterLogML
Sensor DataLogSDL
Map UpdateSystemMUS
Vehicle Data Storage
VDS
OptimizationWorkbench
OW
CommonConfigCCFG
RoutingConfigRCFG
DrivingConfigDCFG
RoutingConfigRCFG
DrivingConfigDCFG
OnboardUser
InterfaceOBUI
Global Route PlanManagement
System GRPMS
(Map logging)
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Neighborhood SegmentLow-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Service Segment
Signage SystemSIGS
CommonConfigCCFG
Pay as you drive PredictiveMaintenance Optimization MaaS Interop /
ExchangeAPI for
3rd party APPS
Route PlanRepository
RPR
Route PlanRepository
RPR
Remote Route ControlRCC
SensorLoggerSENL
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5G potential interfaces
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Segment
Support SegmentVehicle
Monitoring System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route PlanManagement
System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Neighborhood SegmentLow-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Service Segment
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
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5G potential – Vehicle Monitoring & Management
• Vehicle Remote Monitoring• State Estimate, Position, Status• Updates every (few) second• Not sensitive to latency,
low bandwidth
• Vehicle OTA Updates• System Software and
Configuration• On need basis, potentially
100s of MB
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
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5G potential – Remote Sensor Data Access
• Near real-time sensor data feed from the vehicle sensors to a remote operator (human or machine)
• Remote operator is generally in the Internet (cannot assume locality)
• As low latency as possible• 1MB/s to 400MB/s• Needs to adjust to available
bandwidth• Mission critical = used for remote
driving
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
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5G potential – MultiDim Map Updates
• MultiDim Map consists of the encoding of the changing 3D environment used for accurate positioning and driving
• Estimated number of daily updates 1-10 billion globally
• Millions of vehicles submit the updates
• Consolidated updates will be pushed back to millions of vehicles
• Not very latency sensitive• Potentially high bandwidth
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
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5G potential – Dynamic Road Map Updates
• Dynamic Road Map consist of the route network topology and static and dynamic properties
• Roads, speed limits, lanes, parking• Current average speed per road/lane
• Estimated number of daily updates globally 1-10 billion
• Millions of vehicles submit the updates, accepted updates will be pushed back to millions of vehicles
• Emergency information is highly latency critical (immediate hazard), most information more latency relaxed
• Low bandwidth (object attribute level information)
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
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5G potential – Route Plan Updates
• Each vehicle re-evaluates its routing every few seconds
• Automated reaction to changed circumstances of any kind
• Vehicles inform a central service of the changed route plan
• Global route plan management may suggest change to the route (e.g. diverting) to enable systemic traffic optimization
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
• Not very latency sensitive• Low bandwidth
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5G potential – Route Control Updates
• Remote Route Control• Remote route commands
e.g. to enable a robotaxi fleetRoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
• Not very latency sensitive• Low bandwidth
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5G potential – Remote Driving
• Remote Override Car Control• Remote near-real-time driving of
the car• Remote human or machine driver• Based on SDRAS sensor data
• Highly latency sensitive• Low bandwidth• Mission critical = used for
remote driving
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 1514 1910 20
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5G potential – Neighborhood Events
• Hazards, traffic lights, obstacles, actual speeds, …
• Each vehicle shares what it perceives or estimates (objects and attributes level)
• Other vehicles may choose to use the information
• Highly latency sensitive• Low bandwidth
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 15
14 1910 20
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5G potential – Neighborhood Intentions
• Each vehicle announces its intentions frequently
• Other vehicles may use this information to narrow down the possible near-term scenarios
• This helps to choose safer and more efficient actions
• Highly latency sensitive• Low bandwidth
RoutingSystem
RS
SensorSystemSENS
MultiDIM Map SystemMDMS Dynamic
Road MapSystemDRMS
Vehicle ControlSystem
VCS
MultiDIM MapManagement
System MDMMANS
Dynamic Road Map
Management System DRMMS
Vehicle Monitoring
System VMS
Logging SystemLS
Sensor Data Remote AccessSystem SDRAS
Remote Override Car Control
ROCC
Global Route Plan
Management System GRPMS
Vehicle SegmentManagement AndMonitoringSystemVMMS
Low-latency Neighborhood Exchange System LLNES
Road Map Neighborhood Adapter RMNA Intention Neighborhood Adapter INA
Remote Route ControlRCC
7 8 15
14 1910 20
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Security is the key
Must be built-in• Throughout the product life-cycle
Covering all segments• Vehicle Segment• Manufacturer Segment• Neighborhood Segment• Support Segment• Service Segment
Communication tech must enable• Client authentication• Authenticity• Integrity• Confidentiality• Privacy
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Why we believe 5G is preferred for autonomy?
• All needed types of communications under the same technology stack• Not just communications• Device management, safety, security, authentication, charging, auditing• Scalability
• Most realistic CAPEX/OPEX through slicing and service federation• Infrastructure can be put to a maximum use
• Realistic evolution• Investment to the 5G future releases will benefit the solution
• Supports all road-users: same tech will be in the other mobile devices• Concept of proximity as actual geographical location
• 5G ProSe notion of proximity is beneficial - based on OMA LIF/AD
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Example Architecture
City as InfraProvider
MNO as InfraProvider
Federated C-V2Xslice – ultra low latency
Federated C-V2Xslice – latency relaxed
Other domainfederated slide
Road Operator as Infra Provider
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Need for network capabilities is very dynamic
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Our autonomous future will be based ona holistic connected architecture
Mapping
RoboticsMachine Learning
Communications