autotrophs & heterotrophs an organism that makes its own food is called an autotroph. an...
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Photosynthesis &
Cellular Respiration
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Autotrophs & Heterotrophs• An organism that makes
its own food is called an autotroph.
• An organism that cannot make its own food is called a heterotroph.
• Nearly all living things get their energy directly or indirectly from photosynthesis.
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CO2
Photosynthesis• The process by which a
cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.
• The raw ingredients that go into the plant cells are water and carbon dioxide
• The sunlight energy chemically changes the ingredients into food (glucose)
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Photosynthesis• Water is absorbed by
the roots.• Carbon dioxide gas is
taken from the air• Glucose is stored and
used by the plant• Oxygen is released
into the air
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The chemical formula for photosynthesis looks like
this:
6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2
(water) (carbon dioxide) (glucose) (oxygen)
(Sunlight)
Energy
CO2
O2
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Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Chlorophyll is the energy absorbing green pigment found in chloroplasts.
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Gas Exchange
• Gasses (CO2 & O2) go in and out of leaves through little holes called stomata.
• Sometimes water vapor escapes the stomata through a process called transpiration.
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Guard cells control when the stomata open and close.Guard Cells
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Since leaves can lose water through stomata, on what part
of the leaves do you think stomata can be found?
Make a prediction.
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Stomata are mostly found on the underside
of leaves. This helps the plant lose less
water.
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Cellular Respiration
• The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose.
• Respiration means “breathing”
• This chemical reaction takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
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Cellular Respiration
Glucose chemically reacts with Oxygen to form the energy molecule ATP
C6H12O6 (glucose)
O2 (oxygen)
ATP (energy)
H2O (water)
CO2(Carbon dioxide)
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The chemical formula for cellular respiration looks
like this:
6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2(water)(carbon dioxide) (glucose) (oxygen)(Sunlight)
+ Energy
+ 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy (water) (carbon
dioxide)(ATP)(glucose) (oxygen)
Does this look familiar?
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The Cycle of Cellular Energy
in Plants• The products made by the chloroplasts are used by the mitochondria. • The products made by the chloroplasts are used by the chloroplast.
Why don’t animal cells have this cycle?
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• Deep water organisms
Fermentation provides energy for cells without using oxygen.
• Yeast (alcohol is byproduct)
• Muscle Cells (lactic acid is a byproduct = sore muscles)