1

http://www.kidsbiology.com/images/protist.jpg

Objectives: 1) Create a

chart that outlines the

difference between a

protist and a bacteria. 2)

Briefly explain the

endosymbiotic theory.

ProtistBacteriaType of Cell:

NucleusNo nucleusCellular Make-up:

Flagella and

Cillia

Bacteria

flagella

Locomotion:

Autotroph/

Heterotroph

Autotroph/

Heterotroph

Energy:

Most single-

celled

All single-

celled

Makeup:

Protist Ancestory: EndosymbioticTheory

*Protists came into existence from bacteria forming a symbiotic

relationship with other bacteria. More to the point, some bacteria “ate” other

bacteria, but instead of digesting them, the smaller bacteria performed

an important job inside the bigger bacteria.

2

~1.5 billion years ago~1.5 billion years ago~1.5 billion years ago

Anaerobic bacteria:

~3.8 Billion years ago

Photosynthetic

bacteria:

~3.2 Billion years agoAerobic bacteria:

~2.5 Billion years ago

Appearance

on Earth

~1-10 microns ~1-10 microns ~50 - 500 microns~1-10 microns

Size

(approximate)

Found in the plasma

membrane around

chloroplast

Found in the plasma

membrane around

mitochondrion

Not found in the plasma

membranearound cell (found only in the

cell's mitochondria and

chloroplasts)

Found in the plasma

membrane around

cell

Electron

Transport

Chain

"70 S""70 S""80 S""70 S"Ribosomes

Binary Fission

(1 cell splits into 2)

Binary Fission

(1 cell splits into 2)Mitosis

Binary Fission

(1 cell splits into 2)Replication

1 single, circular

chromosome

1 single, circular

chromosome

Multiple linear chromosomes

compartmentalized in a nucleus

1 single, circular

chromosomeDNA

Chloroplasts of

Photosynthetic eukaryotes

Mitochondria of

Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotesProkaryotes

3

Objectives: 1) Determine

methods of protist reproduction.

2) Draw and provide a 1

sentence description of the 4

types of protozoans.

Protist Means of Reproduction

1)Mitosis (asexual)2)Mainly mitosis, occasionally sexual reproductionunder times of stress.3) Sexual Reproduction

Animal-like Protists = Protozoans

*ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS ARE CALLED PROTOZOANS.

*ALL PROTOZOANS ARE UNICELLULAR AND HETEROTROPHIC.

MOVE AROUND BY USING:1) HAIR-LIKE CILIA2) WHIP-LIKE FLAGELLA3) BLOB LIKE EXTENSIONS CALLED PSEUDOPODI

4

4 TYPES OF ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS

#1 AMOEBAS (Rhizopoda)* BLOB-LIKE PROTISTS

*MOVE BY CHANGING THE SHAPE OF THEIR CELL, FORMING PSEUDOPODIA.

*LIVE IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS.

* ENGULFS FOOD AND NUTRIENTS.

5

•SOME AMOEBAS HAVE CALCIUM CARBONATE SHELLS (RADIOLARIANS AND FORAMINIFERANS).FORAM DEPOSITS ARE A GOOD INDICATOR OD OIL NEARBY.

•MOST TYPES OF AMOEBAS PROCREATE THROUGH ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.

•IN ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION, A NEW AMOEBA BUDS OFF FROM A PARENT AMOEBA.

* SOME AMOEBAS CAN FORM A PROTECTIVE CAPSULE CALLED A CYST, WHEN CONDITIONS BECOME UNFAVORABLE.

* ONE CYST-FORMING SPECIES OF AMOEBA CAUSES DYNSENTERY (INTESTINAL ILLNESS).

#2 FLAGELLATES (ZOOMASTIGOPHORA)*HAVE 1 OR MORE FLAGELLA USED FOR MOVEMENT.

*SOME ARE HARMFUL AND PARASITIC WHILE OTHERS CAN BE BENEFICIAL.

EXAMPLE: A CERTAIN TYPE OF FLAGELLATE LIVES IN TERMITE GUTS AND ALLOWS THEM TO DIGEST WOOD.

6

#3 CILIATES (Ciliophora)

*MOVE BY SYNCHRONOUS MOVEMENT OF

HAIRLIKE CILIA.

*FOUND IN AQUATIC HABITATS.

*USUALLY REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BUT WILL

REPRODUCE SEXUALLY WHEN EXPOSED TO

HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.

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#4 SPOROZOANS

* PARASITIC AND CAN NOT MOVE.MANY OF SPOROZOANS RELEASE SPORES.SPORE: REPRODUCTIVE CELL

* EXAMPLE: THE SPOROZOAN PLASMODIUM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MALARIA.

* MALARIA KILLS 2-4 MILLION PEOPLE A YEAR IN COUNTRIES THAT HAVE TROPICAL CLIMATES.

Objective: Draw a

picture that simply

illustrates the life cycle of

a plasmodium.

1) A mosquito bites a human.

2) Mosquito injects saliva into the human.

The saliva contains chemicals that

prevent the blood from clotting.

3) As the saliva is injected, about 1,000

Plamodium protists are transferred into

the human host.

4) The plasmodium at this stage is called

the sporozoite.

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Invasion Liver

1) Sporozoites travel to and infect the liver.

2) Sporozoites rapidly divide, making millions of new protist cells called merozoites.

The Blood1)Merozoites infect the red blood

cells.

2) Within 48 hours, an infected red blood cell will burst open to release more merozoites as well as a toxin produced by the merozoites.

3) This causes high fever and chills.

9

The Breeding

1)Some merozoites in the blood become gametes.

2) A mosquito comes to bite a human “drinks”the gametes.

3) Gametes fuse inside the mosquito to make a new infectious sporozoite zygote.

4) The sporozoite divides inside the mosquito.

5) The sporozoite travels to the salivary glands of the mosquito.