Understanding Adverse Food Reactions

By Bethany Downing

Preventing adverse food reactions ultimately comes down to YOU!

The difference between ordinaryand extraordinaryIs that little extra.

What’s the difference between a Food Allergy and a Food Intolerance?

Food AllergyImmune System

Food IntoleranceDigestive System

Food AllergyFood Intolerance

• Pharmacologic

•Inborn metabolic errors

• Idiosyncratic

• Or any other non-immunoglobulin E

response

• Immunoglobulin E mediated reaction

•Occurs in response to exposure to food

protein

•Food allergies include inhalation, ingestion

and skin contact

Food Intolerance: Inborn Metabolic

Error

Inherited, caused by absence or reduced activity of a specific

enzyme

What is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide?

Lactase deficiency, also known as Lactose Intolerance

But, have you ever heard of Galactosemia?

Proteins are made of 20 building blocks called amino acids

Two protein building blocks (amino acids) that we are going to look at today are:

•Phenylalanine•Tyrosine

People with PKU cannot process phenylalanine because they lack the enzyme to do so.

With Tyrosinemia, individuals can not process tyrosine

When these amino acids can not be metabolized correctly, they build up in the blood and

body.

The build up causes brain damage

Failure to break down tyrosine leads to accumulation of tyrosine and its metabolites in the liver

Resulting in:• Severe liver disease• Kidney dysfunction

Treatment

• Restrict the amino acids

• Nutritional supplementation with special medical formula

Since amino acids are the building blocks of protein, high protein foods must be restricted

Phenylalanine is found in the artificial sweetener aspartame—be careful with sugar free foods.

Caution

Protein

• Growth• Make new cells• Repair tissues

Even though a low protein diet must be implemented and a special formula is used, the diet still needs to be rich in

other nutrients available at KU Dining Services

PKU: 1 in every 15,000 Tyrosinemia: 1 in every 100,000 – 120,000

What causes PKU or Tyrosinemia?

• Genetic makeup

Celiac Disease

“Three Hidden Ways Wheat Makes You Fat”-huffingtonpost.com

IS GLUTEN MAKING US FAT?

“Will a gluten-free diet improve your health?”-Health.com

•Villous atrophy•Malabsorption•Malnutrition•Possibly cancer

The autoimmune inflammatory

response leads to:

What’s the big deal?

1 in 133 persons in the United States has Celiac Disease

•Diarrhea•Steatorrhea•Malodorous stools•Abdominal bloating•Apathy•Poor weight gain

•Fatigue•Weight loss•Nutrient

malabsorption•Anemias•Osteoporosis•Vitamin K related

coagulopathy

50% of celiac patients have few or no symptoms

Combination of•Genetic susceptibility•Unknown triggerCreate an abnormal immune response to gluten

What is the cause of celiac disease?

4 out of 5 Rule:

1.Presentation of typical symptoms2.Positive serum celiac disease IgA

autoantibodies at higher titer3.A DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 genotype

4.Celiac enteropathy seen on small bowel biopsy

5.A positive response to a gluten free diet

Medical Nutrition Therapy

•Wheat (gluten & gluten)•Rye (secalin)•Barley (hordein)• Oats

indifference stinks

Do your part.

It’s ok if you don’t have the answers. Please ask somebody who knows!

Understanding

Care & Concern

Thank You

Works Citied